Protein1 Edit

8/18/2019 Protein1 Edit

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KUIS 2 (30 Sept 2014)

1. Apa yang anda ketahui tentang karbohidrat dan

sebutkan fungsinya dalam kehidupan

2. Apa yang saudara ketahui tentanga. Cis – trans isomer

b. Ikatan glikosida

c. Reducing sugar



BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OFBIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF

PROTEINPROTEIN

• Enzymes: 2000 diferent enzymes, eachcapable o diferent chemical reaction

Ex: Ribonuclease, Cellulase, Pectinase

• utrient and !tora"e: !eeds o manyplantsor embryonic plant "ro#th

Ex: $%albumin &e"" #hite'( casein• Contractile or motile protein: )ctin andmyosin

• !tructural Protein: cola"en( *eratin(

+broin



BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OFBIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF

PROTEINPROTEIN

• eense protein: immuno"lobulin &-"' orantibodies( thrombin( mucin

• Re"ulatory proteins: amon" them are many

hormonesinsulin( .u%enile hormone• $ther proteins: /onellin( antireeze protein

All these proteins made from group of! amino a"ids



Classi+cation

• lobular protein and +brous protein

• !imple protein: contain only amino

acid• Con.u"ated protein: amino acid 1

prosthetic "roupGlobular protein: any protein whose polypeptide chain(s are folded so

as to gi!e the whole molecul a rounded shapeFibrous protein: any protein able to aggregate into fibres or filaments

and ser!ing mainly as a structural protein

Prosthetic group: a nonprotein group that is combined specifically with a

protein" in stoichiometric proportion



Classification of protein

•ased on its composition

•ased on its shape•ased on its biolo"ical unction

•ased on its con+"uration



Protein based on its shape

#ibrous protein $lobular protein



Primary structurePrimary structure

•linear polypeptide chains• Amino acids residual



The order in which the a-amino acids

are joined to each other.

Sometimes called the sequence

http://showgloss%28%22glossary.htm/

http://showgloss%28%22glossary.htm/



Secondary structure is the term peptide backbone in

space. The backbone can form regular, repeating

structures held together by the attractions between

peptide links along it.

#e"ondar$ stru"tureRe"ular arran"ements o the peptidebac*bone held to"ether by hydro"en bondsbet#een the peptide lin*s 3

• polypeptide chains twisted regularly and arranged in

bundles or sheetfibrous proteins• polypeptide chains twisted and folded with less regularity

to form molecular blobs!globular proteins.



ά-helixThe a-heli" is like a narrow-bore tube.

The polypeptide backbone is coiled up

like a #ery tight clockwise screw thread

or the cord of a telephone.



The β-pleated sheet

$olypeptide backbone is nearly

fully stretched.

This allows the peptide %&' and

()* to point out at right angles to

the line of the backbone.



The ά-amino acids

Amino acids are the monomer building blocks

from which proteins are made.

+n general an acid is an organic molecule that contains

both a carbo"ylic acid -(**' and an amine -%'

functional group.



Chiralit$

#tereoisomer



%witterion



)mino acids act as )cids and asases

&amphoteric4ampholytes'

• )s an acid or proton donor

• )s a base or proton acceptor• iprotic acid



The ninhydrin reaction

%inhydrin or /,,0-indantrione monohydrate is an important

analytical reagent. +t reacts with a-amino acids to produce

a purple coloured compound. 1e can use this colour-forming

reaction to locate the colourless a-amino acid spots on a

chromatogram or the intensity

of the purple colour can be

used as a way of measuring the amount of a-amino acid in a sample.



the &'amino and &'carboyl groups and

these groups can react with a !ariety of reagents



Puri+cation and

!eparation•ialysis separate one

protein

•el +ltration

•Electrophoresis

• -on exchan"e chromato"raphy• -mmuno5a6nity

chromato"raphy



Amino A"ids #eparationAmino A"ids #eparation

Paper ele"trophoresisPaper ele"trophoresis

anion *ation

)1

)2



Paper "hromatograph$



*btaining a pure sample of protein*btaining a pure sample of protein

DialysisDialysis



Ion e%"hange "hromatograIon e%"hange "hromatogra



Gel iltrationGel iltration



!init" chro#atorgraph"!init" chro#atorgraph"



7hat is el Electrophoresis8

• Electro 9 o# o electricity, phoresis,rom the ree* 9 to carry across

• ) "el is a colloid, a suspension o tinyparticles in a medium, occurrin" in asolid orm, li*e "elatin

• el electrophoresis reers to the

separation o char"ed particles locatedin a "el #hen an electric current isapplied

• Char"ed particles can include ),

amino acids, peptides, etc



7hy do "el electrophoresis8

• 7hen Protein is cut by enzymes,the result is a mix o pieces o

peptide o diferent len"ths• -t is useul to be able to separate

the pieces 5 -3e3 or reco%erin"

particular pieces o protein



;o# does it #or*8

• Protein is an or"anic acid, and isne"ati%ely char"ed (remember, DNA for

Negative)• 7hen the protein is exposed to anelectrical +eld, the particles mi"rateto#ard the positi%e electrode

• !maller pieces o ) can tra%el urtherin a "i%en time than lar"er pieces



S$S P!G% G%& %&%'*P+*%SISS$S P!G% G%& %&%'*P+*%SIS



• )lso needed are apo#er supply anda "el chamber

• el chambers

come in a %arietyo models, romcommercialthrou"h home5made, and a%ariety o sizes



Polypeptide and proteins

•Residu: istilah y"

di"una*an untu* asamamino bila telah men.adi

polypeptide•Polypeptide: <05<00residu

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