Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement.
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Transcript of Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement.
Progressive Era
Progressive Era
• Introduction to the Progressive Movement
SWBAT• Examine difficulties farmers faced
in the West• Explain the goals of the Populist
Party• Identify William Jennings Bryan,
the Grange
Populists• 3 factors that helped bring people
West:1.Transcontinental Railroad2.Homestead Act3.Manifest Destiny• Many who moved West became
farmers
Problems for Farmers• Problems that Farmers faced in the
West:1.Difficult land to farm2.Weather- blizzards, tornados,
droughts3.Loneliness4.Conflicts with Native Americans
Problems for Farmers5. Debt due to high cost of farm
equipment6. Charged high prices by railroad
for storage and transport of products
The Grange• Grange- organization founded in 1867,
meant to develop social ties among farmers
• Due to poor economic conditions, farmers pressed for political changes to limit power of railroads
The Populists• The Populist Party-
established in 1891• Also known as the
“People’s Party”• Dedicated to reform and radical change in the
social, economic, and political situation in the US
Goals of the Populists1. Government control of railroads,
telephones, & telegraphs2. Progressive income tax3. Secret ballot
Goals of the Populists4. Direct election of Senators5. 8 hour work day6. Free & unlimited silver coinage (wanted more $ in circulation so the farmers could pay their debt more easily)
Goals of the Populists7. Restricted immigration8. Women’s suffrage
Leader of the Populists• Leader: William Jennings Bryan
- ran for President 3 times never won• Election of 1896: Bryan ran against
William McKinley- McKinley won with the support of Big Business
End of the Populists• Populists disappeared as a political
party by 1900- as urban population increased (immigration) increase in demand for food prices for food increase farmers become prosperous
End of Populists• Populist ideas were later adopted
by other political parties
Significance of Populist Party• Populists were unsuccessful in achieving
goals, BUT their ideas/goals were applied to urban problems later, during the Progressive Era• Economy shifting from agriculture to
industrial• US shifting from nation of farms to a nation
of cities
Populists and the Wizard of Oz…
• L. Frank Baum (1856 – 1919)authoredThe Wizard of Oz, in 1900
Who the Characters Represent…
Dorothy= the American People
Scarecrow= Western Farmers (Populists)
Tin Man= Eastern Industrial Workers
Cowardly Lion= William Jennings Bryan
Wizard of Oz= William McKinley ?
=
Oz=Washington/Government
Kansas= Populist Stronghold
Populists and the Wizard of Oz…
• Oz- abbreviation for an ounce of silver or gold• Dorothy’s Silver Slippers (not Ruby!) =
Silver Sandard• Yellow Brick Road = Gold Standard
Progressives and Reform
SWBAT• Explain characteristics of a
Progressive• Describe goals of the Progressive
Movement• Identify muckraker
Progressives• Progressive Movement: 1900-1918• Progressives:- A middle class, urban movement- Saw themselves as reformers against
abuses of urban life, corporate business, and government corruption
- Ideas came from populist movement
Goals of Progressives1. Greater Democracy
- Direct primary- nomination of candidates for office by party members (the people!)- Initiative- voters petition to have an issue put on the ballot (local gov. only)
Goals of Progressives- Referendum- an issue that you vote “yes”
or “no” on- Recall- remove an elected official by
petition or vote- 17th Amendment- direct election of
Senators by the people (1917)- 19th Amendment- women’s right to vote
(1920)
Goals of Progressives2. More government regulation of
business (TR/Wilson)3. Social Justice (issues of women and
children)- Got rid of child labor- Passed laws allowing women to work shorter hours than men, and not at night
Goals of Progressives4. Get local and
national government more involved in ending problems
Muckraker• Investigative journalists who
informed the public about corruption, bad business practices, and unfair treatment of workers
Video• While viewing the video, listen
carefully, and answer the questions as the video progresses…• We will review the questions as a
class at the end of the video
SWBAT• Analyze Progressive Era
documents and photographs• Identify Ida Tarbell and Upton
Sinclair
Directions• You will move from station to station as a group• You will have 6 minutes at each station• In those 6 minutes you must complete the
questions accordingly in your packet for that station• Everyone MUST have all questions complete by
the end of your last station• Have fun!
Teddy Roosevelt & Progressive Policies
SWBAT• Review reformers and their
effects• Describe 3 areas of reform under
President Roosevelt• Identify the term: Square Deal
Reformers & LegislationReformer Effect
Jacob Riis- How the Other Half Lives (1890)
Settlement Houses, protection of child labor
Upton Sinclair- The Jungle (1906)
Meat Inspection ActFood and Drug Act
Lincoln Steffens- The Shame of Cities (1904)
Voting reform17th Amendment
Ida Tarbell- The History of the Standard Oil Company (1903)
Anti-trust legislation
Settlement Housing
• volunteer middle-class "settlement workers" would live, hoping to share knowledge and culture, and alleviate the poverty of their low-income neighbors
Progressive Era Improvements
• As a class, review Progressive Era Improvements…• What Amendments were passed
during this Era and what did they address?
President Roosevelt• Held office from 1901-1908• Saw his job as one of “stewardship”-
leading the nation responsibly in the public’s interest, like a manager• Took a very active role as President
President Roosevelt• Administration was called the
“Square Deal”- fairness for all, and free from corruption
3 Areas of Reform• TR’s Square Deal consisted of 3
areas of reform1.Regulating Business- his attitude
toward business= gov. should keep their eye on monopolies & should eliminate bad business practices
Regulating BusinessA. Northern Securities Case- a “trustbuster”, a railroad monopoly in the Pacific Northwest was broken up by the Roosevelt Administration
Regulating BusinessB. Hepburn Act, 1906- allowed Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to set railroad rates & expanded ICC’s authority to cover ferries & bridges as well
Regulating BusinessC. Pure Food and Drug Act- accurate labeling of food and drugs
Meat Inspection Act- fed. Gov. would ensure meat was safe for consumption
Labor2. Labor
A. Coal Strike of 1902- mine owners refused to deal with strikers TR said they must come up with an agreement or he would send the Army to take over the minesRESULT- mine workers won shorter hours and higher wages
Conservation3. Conservation
A. Newlands Reclamation Act:- built dams, irrigation systems in the west- added land in Alaska & Northwest to federally protected lands- started state & national parks (ex Yellowstone)
Woodrow Wilson
SWBAT• Identify the philosophy of the
Wilson Administration• Identify the Federal Reserve Act
and Clayton Anti-Trust Act• Contrast Wilson’s view of trusts
with TR’s view of trusts
Progressive Era Presidents• T. Roosevelt 1901-1908• Taft 1908-1912• Wilson 1912- 1920
Election of 1912• Candidates:
1. Taft (Republican)2. Wilson (Democrat)3. T. Roosevelt (Bull Moose)4. Debs (Socialist)• WILSON WINS!
Election of 1912
Wilson’s Philosophy• A return to competition in the
workplace• Therefore need to get rid of
monopolies and use anti-trust laws to do it!• Presidential Program: “New Freedom”
Wilson’s Reform Actions1. Underwood Tariff- paved the
way for the 16th Amendment (income tax)
2. Federal Reserve Act- set up Federal Reserve System to stabilize banking:
Wilson’s Reform ActionsA. 12 banking districtsB. Not a people’s bank, instead issues $ to other banksC. Controls amount of $ in circulation by increasing and decreasing interest ratesD. Shifts and redistributes $ to other banks
Wilson’s Reform Actions
Wilson’s Reform Actions3. Federal Trade Commission- est.
to prevent unfair competition, enforce anti-trust laws, investigate false advertising, and mislabeling of products
Wilson’s Reform Actions4. Clayton Anti-Trust Act- strengthened the
Sherman Anti-Trust Act- more specific- spelled out specific activities big business could not take part in- legalized strikes, peaceful picketing, and boycotts
End of Progressivism• Progressivism ends with WWI (1917)• Last remnant of the Progressive
Movement is in 1920, with the 19th Amendment
Knowledge Check!1. A major purpose of the Federal Reserve
System is to:A. deal with the trade deficit through tariffs and quotas B. control the minimum wage C. establish the Federal budget D. regulate interest rates and the money
supply
Knowledge Check!2. Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and
Robert M. LaFollette are all considered progressives because they:A. supported the formation of the first trade
union B. used Presidential power to break up strikes C. worked to limit the power of big business D. formed the first civil rights organizations