42.3Patterns of blood pressure and flow reflect the structure and arrangement of blood vessels.

•Blood pressure

-The pressure when the heart contracts is the Systolic pressure.

-you can feel a pulse by placing your fingers on your wrist. Pulse is the rhythmic bulging of the artery walls with each heartbeat.

-The Diastolic pressure is the pressure when the ventricles are relaxed.

• Lymphatic System- A system of vessels and nodes separate from the circulatory system, that returns fluid, proteins, and cells to the blood.

-Fluid turns to Lymph after entering the lymphatic system. Lymph is the colorless fluid, derived from interstitial fluid, in the lymphatic system of vertebrates.

-Lymph nodes are organs found along a lymph vessels they filter lymph & contain cells that attack viruses & bacteria.

• Blood Components

-Plasma

-Cellular Elements*red and white blood cells.

-Erythrocytes

-Leukocytes

-Platelets

-Blood Clotting

42.4

• Cardiovascular Disease-Disorders of the heart and blood vessels

*Ex: Atherosclerosis-hardening of the arteries by accumulation of fatty deposits.

-Heart attacks and Stroke

*Heart attacks (Myocardial Infarction)- damage or death of cardiac muscle tissue from a blockage of 1 or more coronary arteries.

*Stroke-death of nervous tissue in the brain due to lack of O2.

• Treatment and Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease

-Cholesterol:*Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-

deposition of cholesterol in arterial plaques*High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-

reduces the deposition of cholesterol.

-Smoking & consumption of certain processed vegetable oils.

-Hypertension (high blood pressure) contributes to heart attacks.