Please do not take the Cabaret Book. You may download a complete copy at:

www.floridastudiotheatre.org Ryan

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Richard Hopkins, Producing Artistic Director

Table of ContentsWhat is Cabaret?, page 3A brief history of the artform.

A Brief History of Soul Music, pages 4-5

Learn about how the artists of the era took the music industry by storm.

Music Milestones, pages 6-7

Learn about the major events that occured throughout history with Rhythm and Blues groups as well as solo artists of the genre.

Throughout the Eras, pages 8-12 Some of the top recording solo artists and groups during the 60s and 70s.

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Jordan Craig. Photo by Maria Lyle.

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It began in Paris on November 18, 1881, the year in which the first and most famous cabaret of all, the Chat Noir (Black Cat), was established. Paris, during what the French like to call the Belle Epoque, was the cultural capital of Europe; the mecca of the arts to which admirers and young hopefuls flocked from one end of Europe to the other, and indeed from still farther away. If something caught on in Paris, the immense reputation of the city as the source of fashion and innovation ensured its rapid diffusion across the continent and beyond.

Besides giving rise to many cabarets in Paris itself, in its own time and after it became history, the Chat Noir also inspired the introduction of cabaret in major cities throughout Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

In the beginning, cabaret arose as an informal grouping of artists - painters, poets, musicians, and theatre people - who felt the need to come together. It was intended as something essentially private. From 1881 to 1917, audiences were made up predominantly of artists, their friends, and a variety of cultural fellow-travellers. In post-World War I Europe, the cabaret ceased to be a novelty and by and large fulfilled its function as a locus of an emerging avant-garde. Cabarets became places of entertainment; their facilities were expanded and enhanced, their doors thrown open to the public.

When developing FST’s Cabaret we took the diverse and rich history of the form to create the atmosphere you see today. Set in a turn-of-the-century Parisian Cafe and offering fresh baked food, the Cabaret is an intimate space for an intimate form of entertainment. Turn-Of-The-Century Cabaret by Harold B. Segel

What is Cabaret?

In

A Brief History of Soul Music

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Diana Ross and The Supremes. The Jackson 5. Marvin Gaye. Smokey Robinson. These are just a few names that are associated with the hard-driving beats and memorable tunes of a musical style that defined a generation and is beloved and celebrated to this very day.

In April of 1960, a young African-American songwriter named Berry Gordy started a company with an $800 loan from his family in the city of Detroit, known as the “Motor City.” Gordy named the company, “Motor City Records,” after his hometown. The original Hitsville USA.

Wanting to pay tribute to the town where he spent his childhood, he changed “city” to “town”, thus forming the word “Motown.” He purchased a building that eventually became “Hitsville U.S.A.,” where all of Motown’s hits were recorded. Throughout the 1960s, artists such as Smokey Robinson, Diana Ross, and Marvin Gaye dominated the airwaves with hits such as “Tears of a Clown”, “Stop! In the Name of Love”, “I Heard It Through the Grapevine”, and many more. From 1961 to 1971, Motown had a grand total of 110 Top 10 Hits. Trademarks of the Motown sound were tight harmonies, hard-driving beats, and relentlessly catchy tunes.Berry Gordy outside of Hitsville USA.

A Brief History of Soul Music

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Berry Gordy at the premiere of Motown the Musical.

Soul’s significance doesn’t only come from the soulful music and stirring lyrics. America itself was divided by segregation and the Civil Rights Movement of the ‘60s. African- Americans were demanding equal rights, and activists such as Rosa Parks and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. were paving the way for equality. Comprised primarily of African American artists, Motown brought them to the mainstream and bridged the gap between white and black Americans. It didn’t matter who was white, black, brown, or red, everyone was dancing to Soul music.

To this day, we still do. In 2003, Berry Gordy and Smokey Robinson were awarded the Architect of Sound: Vision Award and the Architect of Sound: Artist Award respectively for their contributions to the field of music. In 2013, a musical based on the story of Motown was a Broadway smash, running for 738 performances. Some of the original Motown performers are still performing to this day. Indeed, the legacy of Soul lives on through the sheer power of the music and the people who created it.

“We set out to make quality music, that

everyone could enjoy and listen to”

- Smokey Robinson

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1961“Please Mr. Postman” by The Marvelettes becomes the Number One song on the pop charts.

1962The Marvelettes have two hits with “Playboy” and “Beechwood 4-5789” earning spots on the US Hot 100 Top 20 Charts.

1960 Motown Records is founded by Berry Gordy, which recorded much of the Soul and R&B music we have today.

Music Milestones1963Martha and the Vandellas have two Top 30 hits with “Come and Get These Memories” (#29) and “(Love is Like a) Heat Wave” (#4).

1964“Baby I Need Your Lovin’” is the first single released by The Four Tops, as well as their first Top 20 Hit.

Martha and the Vandellas.

1960 “Money (That’s What I Want)” by Barrett Strong and “Shop Around” by The Miracles become Motown’s first major hits.

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Music Milestones1966 The Temptations’ “Get Ready” is a Top 30 hit, coming in at #29. The Supremes’ “You Keep Me Hanging On” becomes a number one hit on the Billboard charts.

1967 “Ain’t No Mountain”, recorded by Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell, is released. 1969

“Cloud Nine” by The Temptations wins a Grammy award.

1971 “Just My Imagination” by The Temptations becomes their third song to hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100.

1968Perhaps Motown’s biggest hit, Marvin Gaye’s “I Heard It Through the Grapevine” is released. It stayed at the top of the Billboard Pop Singles chart for seven consecutive weeks.

1970“ABC” by The Jackson 5 is released.

Martha and the Vandellas. The Four Tops.

1965The Supremes’ “Stop! (In the Name of Love)” and The Temptations’ “My Girl” are both number one sports on the Billboard Pop Singles Chart.

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Rhythm and Blues ArtistsHolland-Dozier-Holland Someone had to write all the Soul hits. That task belonged to Holland-Dozier-Holland, consisting of Lamont Dozier, and brothers Brian and Eddie Holland. Eddie Holland was a performer and songwriter whose 1958 Mercury single “You” was one of Berry Gordy’s earliest productions. His brother, Brian Holland, found success when he co-wrote The Marvelettes’ “Please Mr. Postman.” Lamont Dozier was a successful recording artist for many labels in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Among them was Anna Label, which was run by Berry Gordy’s sister. From 1962 to 1967, the three wrote and produced many of the songs that would define the Motown sound, including “Stop! In the Name of Love,” “Reach Out I’ll Be There,” and “Nowhere to Run.”

Holland-Dozier-Holland.

The Supremes Originally known as the Primettes, The Supremes were the most commercially successful Motown act, with 12 number one singles on the Billboard Hits Chart including “Stop! In the Name of Love,” “You Can’t Hurry Love,” and “Love Child.” Founded by Florence Ballard, Mary Wilson, Diana Ross (who would go on to become the group’s lead vocalist), and Betty McGlown, they rivaled even The Beatles in popularity at their peak. To this date, they are one of America’s most successful vocal groups.

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Rhythm and Blues Artists

The MarvelettesOne of the most significantly successful girl-groups of all time, The Marvelettes’ hit “Please Mr. Postman” was one of the first number one singles recorded by a female vocal act, and the first one for Motown. Other hits include “Don’t Mess with Bill.”

The Supremes.

The Marvelettes.

Rhythm and Blues Artists

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The TemptationsSuave, harmonious, and flashy, The Temptations were highly influential in R&B and Soul music. Originally known as “The Elgins,” they were the first Motown group to win a Grammy Award in 1969 for “Cloud Nine”. The Temptations’ biggest hits include “My Girl,” “Ain’t Too Proud to Beg,” and “I Wish It Would Rain,” which won the group a Grammy Award.

The Four Tops The Four Tops were considered the main vocal group of Motown. Their hits include “Reach Out I’ll Be There” and “I Can’t Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch).” Founded by lead vocalist Levi Stubbs, The Four Tops performed from 1953 to 1997 without a change in personnel. Talk about stamina! The Four Tops.

The Temptations.

Rhythm and Blues Artists

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The Miracles Founded by Smokey Robinson, Warren “Pete” Moore, and Ronnie White, they were first known as the Five Chimes. They later called themselves the Matadors. They settled on The Miracles once Claudette Robinson (Smokey’s wife) joined. Their song “Shop Around” was Motown’s first million-record seller. Their other hits include “Tears of a Clown,” and “You’ve Really Got a Hold on Me.”

The Jackson 5Berry Gordy called The Jackson 5 “the last big stars to come rolling off my assembly line.” Consisting of brothers Jackie, Jermaine, Marlon, Tito, and Michael, the Jackson 5 were beloved for their tight choreography, peppy music, and their sheer energy. They made music history when their first four Motown singles—“ABC,” “I Want You Back,” “The Love You Save,” and “I’ll Be There”—shot to Number One on the Billboard Hot 100. The youngest member, Michael Jackson, went on to become one of pop music’s most iconic performers.

The Jackson 5.

The Miracles.

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Solo Artists of the Era

Marvin GayeAlso known as the “Prince of Soul”, Marvin Gaye started as an in-house session player, then be-came a solo artist with hits including “I Heard It Through the Grapevine” and the Grammy Award-winning “Sexual Healing.” After his untimely death in 1984, he was posthumously awarded the Gram-my Lifetime Achievement Award and inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Stevie Wonder Born Stevland Hardaway Judkins, Stevie Wonder has overcome blindness to become one of the most talented and influential artists of all time. His hits include “For Once in My Life” and “Superstition.” He has received 25 Grammy Awards, the most awarded to any male solo artist.

Marvin Gaye.

Stevie Wonder

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SuRICHARD HOPKINS is the Producing Artistic Director of Florida Studio Theatre. Since 1980, Mr. Hopkins has guided the company from a small touring group to a professional regional theatre. He began his professional theatre career as a resident actor with the Asolo State Theatre in Sarasota. In 1974, he founded the Palisades Theatre Company in Washington, D.C., which subsequently moved to St. Petersburg and is now called American Stage. He served as its Producing Director from 1974-1980.

Additional experiences include President of the Florida Professional Theatres Association, Panelist for Theatre Program of Florida Arts Council, and Director/Instructor for Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Circus’ Clown College.

His many directing credits include: Inspired Lunacy, The Best of Enemies, Next to Normal, Race, Ruined, The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee, Boleros for the Disenchanted, Permanent Collection, Metamorphoses, The Bully Pulpit, God’s Man in Texas, Hysteria, Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde, 2: Goering at Nuremberg, Six Degrees of Separation, Execution of Justice, Death by Misadventure, Hi-Hat-Hattie, Invictus, Agnes of God, Beyond Therapy, True West, La Ronde, and Betrayal among numerous other plays and Cabaret projects including Never Marry A Girl With Cold Feet, The Prima Donnettes, Too Darn Hot, Laughing Matters, Night Train to Memphis, Sophie Tucker, Inspired Lunacy, Shakespeare’s Greatest Hits, Over the Rainbow, and Let’s Twist Again: with the Wanderers. Mr. Hopkins is the recipient of numerous awards including the Arts Leadership Award from the Sarasota Arts Council, the Richard G. Fallon Award for Artistic Excellence from the Florida Professional Theatre Association, and the Cultural Champion Award from the Arts and Cultural Alliance of Sarasota County.

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For more information or to discuss available naming opportunities, contact: Jon Donk, Development Manager, at (941) 366-9017 ext. 326

or visit www. floridastudiotheatre.org.15

FST Cabaret: A History

1996 – 1997 Season By Gershwin I am an American by Kurt Weill Motown Cabaret Always...Patsy Cline by Ted Swindley

1997 – 1998 Season Honky -Tonk Highway by Richard Berg and Robert Lindsey-Nassif O'Carolan's Farewell to Music by Patrick Ball and Peter Glazer License to Bash Over the Rainbow Gunmetal Blues Inspired Lunacy (revised) Rendezvous with Marlene Carreno Clearly Invisible by Carl Seiger Forever Plaid by Stuart Ross

1998 – 1999 Season Harry Who? A Brief History of White Music conceived by Dee Dee Thomas and David Tweedy Shakespeare’s Greatest Hits

1999 – 2000 Season Three Girls Berlin! Sophie Tucker: American Legend by Jack Fournier & Kathy Halenda The All Night Strut

2000 – 2001 Season By Mercer Harry Chapin and Friends Brassy Broads

2001 – 2002 Season The Rhythm of Life: The Songs of Dorothy Fields The Songs of Jaques Brel Laughing Matters Sophie Tucker Last of the Red Hot Mamas 2002 – 2003 Season My One and Only Gershwin Guitar Girls A Vaudeville Cabaret

2003 – 2004 Season Too Darn Hot: A Tribute to Cole Porter On the Road One-Hit Wonders

2004 – 2005 Season G.I. Jive The Rise and Fall of Western Civilization According to Tom Lehrer Three Friends, Two Guitars (and a broken tambourine)

1995 – 1996 Season Hot 'N Cole My Castle's Rockin' by Larry Parr Back to the 40's with the Boiler Sisters Forever Ivory Rowe by Mark Hunter and Barbara Bates Smith An Evening Wasted Song and Dance by Andrew Lloyd Webber The Jazz Club

2005 – 2006 Season My Way: A Musical Tribute to Frank Sinatra by David Grapes and Todd Olson Piano Men Flip Side

2006 – 2007 Season Over The Rainbow, A Tribute to Harold Arlen The British Invasion Laughing Matters…Too

2007 – 2008 Season Harry Who? The Lullabye of Broadway European Cabaret Outlaws and Angels

2008 – 2009 Season Steppin’ Out Hula Hoop Sha-Boop Laughing Matters ’09

2009 – 2010 Season That’s Life Reflections Night Train to Memphis

2010 – 2011 Season The Wanderers Brassy Broads: The Next Generation Laughing Matters

2011-2012 Season That’s Life, Again! Shake, Rattle, & Roll Reel Music

2012-2013 Season Let’s Twist Again: With the Wanderers Urban Cowboys By Gershwin: A Tribute to George and Ira

2013-2014 Season The Prima Donnettes Poems, Prayers and Promises Too Darn Hot

2014 Summer Season At The Hop Clearly Invisible Somewhere Over The Rose

2015 Summer Season Six Guitars Kings of Country The Swingaroos

2014-2015 Season Dancing in the Street American Pie Never Marry A Girl With Cold Feet: and other life lessons from Vaudeville

2015-2016 Season Soul Mates: A Journey to Hitsville Yesterday Laughing Matters (vol. 5) Lock the Gates!

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Music Director RYAN TOUHEYCostume Designer SUSAN ANGERMANNLighting Designer TOM HANSENSound Engineer MARSHALL SIMMONSSound & Light Operator MARIAH YOUNG

Directed and Choreographed by BILL CASTELLINO