Plant Structures and Functions. Cellular Structure Tell me about a plant cell.

Plant Structuresand

Functions

Cellular StructureCellular Structure

• Tell me about a plant cell


• Cell:– Tiny structure – forms building blocks of plants

• All organisms are made of one or more cells


• Protoplasm in cells carries out life processes

• A plant is a multi-cellular organism– More than one cell


• Cell specialization– Some cells have specific jobs

• Examples of specialized cells are cells in the:– Flower– Stem– Root


• Specialized cells are formed into groups– These groups are called plant tissue

• Tissues that work together are formed into organs– The organ has a specific

function


• Organs that work together are formed into organ systems– The organ system has a specific function

• From smallest to largest:

Specialized cell – tissue – organ – organ system - plant


• Three major parts in a plant cell


• Cell Wall

– Surrounds the cell– Controls movement of

materials in and out(bouncer)


• Nucleus

– Contains protoplasm, chromosomes, and other structures that control cellactivity


• Cytoplasm

– Thick solution in the cell surrounding the nucleus

– Houses allother organelles


• Cytoplasm

– Other organelles include:– Mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes,

lysosomes, vacuoles, and others

Vegetative Parts: Roots Stems Leaves

Reproductive Parts: Flowers

Major Plant PartsMajor Plant Parts

Root FunctionsRoot Functions

• Absorb Water and Nutrients• Anchor plants and support the

above-ground part of the plant• Store food to be used later

Root FunctionsRoot Functions

• Need to grow constantly for plant to stay healthy• First structure to form seed• Plant health is closely tied to root health

Root StructureRoot Structure

• Primary Root– First root to grow from the

seed

• Secondary Roots– Grow from primary root

Root Root SystemsSystems• Fibrous Root

– System that has no dominant primary root

• Taproot– A system composed of

one primary root and many secondary roots that branch off

Root NodulesRoot Nodules

• Swellings (bumps) on the roots

• Rhizobium bacteria live in these bumps – they take nitrogen from the air and combine it with

oxygen to make it useable to the plant – puts nitrogen in the soil so that

crops that grow there later mayuse the nitrogen

LegumesLegumes

• Legumes are the group of plants with nodules• Soybeans, clover, alfalfa, beans, peas

Root HealthRoot Health

• Healthy Roots: Roots are white or nearly white, and smell fresh.

• Unhealthy Roots: Roots are black, brown, or dark orange and smell rotten and sour.

Root HealthRoot Health

• Watering properly drastically affects the plant’s health– Drainage holes in the pot– Soaked with water until it drains out the bottom

encourages plant growth throughout the entire pot

– Allow soil to dry slightlybetween watering

Plant Structures and Functions. Cellular Structure Tell me about a plant cell.

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