Illustrations of Carbohydrate Structure and Function and Physiology I... · Plant Structure ie.,...
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Carbohydrates Illustrations of Carbohydrate Structure and Function to Accompany Lecture By Noel Ways CH 2 OH OH OH OH OH H H H H H O
Transcript of Illustrations of Carbohydrate Structure and Function and Physiology I... · Plant Structure ie.,...
Carbohydrates
Illustrations ofCarbohydrate Structure and Function
to Accompany Lecture
By Noel Ways
CH2OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
H
H H
HH O
CH2OH
OHH
HH
HH
OH
OH
OH
O
Glucose
CH2OH
HOCH2
H
H
OH
HO
O
OH
H
Fructose
CH2OH
OHH
HHOH
O HOH
H OH
Galactose
Monosaccharides Identical molecular formula for all below: C6H12O6
Disaccharides
Disaccharide Enzymes
CH2OH
OHH
H
HH
OH
OH
OH
O
CH2OH
HOCH2
H
OH
HO
O
OH
HO
Sucrose
Sucrose
Maltose
Maltose Glucose Glucose
Glucose Fructose
Glucose Galactose
Maltase
CH2OH
OHH
H
HH
OH
OH
OH
O
CH2OH
OHH
H
H
HH
OH
OH
O
CH2OH
OHH
HH
HH
OH
OH
O
CH2OH
OHH
HHOH
O
H
OH
H
Lactose
Lactose
O
O
Sucrase
Lactase
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Polysaccharides of Glucose (These polysaccharides may be highly branched)
The sturctures of starch and glycogen are similar except that glycogen branches are shorter and more frequent.
StarchCH2OH
OH
OH
OH
O
CH2OH
OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH OH OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH OH OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
GlycogenCH2OH
OH
OH
OH
O
CH2OH
OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH OH OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH OH OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
Starch showing branching
CH2OH
OH OH OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
C
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH OH OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
C
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH OH OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH
OH
O
CH2OH
OH OH OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
Cellulose
O
CH2OH OH
OH
OH
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
O
CH2OH OH
OH
OH
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
O
CH2OH OH
OH
OH
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
O
CH2OH OH
OH
OH
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
O
CH2OH OH
OH
OH
O
CH2OH
OH
O
O
O
OH
OH
HO
HO
HO
OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
OH
OH
HO
HO
HO
OH
CH2OH
C O
CH2OH
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
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CO2
+ H2
0
Energy from Sun
Photosynthesisin Chloroplast
of Plant
Starch(”Storage Vehicle”
for Glucose)
Cellulose(used for
Plant Structureie., wood)
Cellular Respiration in Mitochondriaof Plant
Glucose
Sun
Low EnergyCO
2 + H
20
Low Energy
High Energy
Potato(”Storage Vehicle”
for Starch)
Energy from the sun is used by chloroplasts of plants to make food (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water. Glu-cose now is used by mitochondria to do cellular respira-tion. Terminal end products, carbon dioxide and water are released, and ATP may now be used to do cellular work.
Glucose will also be used to make cellu-lose used for plant structure.
Glucose not needed for cellular respira-tion nor plant struc-ture will be stored as starch. Some plants will have storage structures for starch (ie, the potato).
Plant Cell
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ADP + P
ATP
CO2
+ H2
0
ADP + P
ATP
Glycogen(”Storage Vehicle”
for Glucose)
Cellular Respiration in Mitochondriaof Man
Glucose
Low Energy
High Energy
Potato(”Storage Vehicle”
for Starch)
Starch
Man eats the potato and catabolizes starch into glucose. Glucose is absorbed and enters cells where mitochondria do cellular respiration. Terminal end products, carbon dioxide and water are released, and ATP may now be used to do cellular work.
Glucose not needed for ATP synthesis purposes may be stored as glycogen in liver and other organs.
Animal Cell
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