Plant Kingdom
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Transcript of Plant Kingdom
Plant Kingdom
Plant KingdomAll plants are
multicellular, with cell walls made of cellulose.
Autotrophs-make own carbs for energy through photosynthesis
What Plants need to Survive
SunlightWater and MineralsGas ExchangeMovement of water and nutrition
4 Important Plant Groups are the:
Mosses (Bryophytes) Ferns
(Pteridophytes)
Conifers (Gymnosperms)
Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)
Overview of Plant Kingdom
Nonvascular Plants Mosses
• The simplest of all land dwelling plants • Nonvascular (no “veins”)-lack an internal means for water transportation • Do not produce seeds or flowers
-Fertilization depends on water medium to get the sperm to the egg.
• Lack a woody tissue necessary for support around their “stems” and so are usually relatively short
Moss
Spanish Moss
Hornworts
Liverworts
FernsThe ferns are an ancient lineage of plants, dating back to at least the Devonian. They include three living groups -- Marattiales, Ophioglossales, and leptosporangiate ferns -- as well as a couple of extinct groups.
Seedless, Vascular plants
Vascular PlantsAngiosperms and Gymnosperms
•Internal transportation System• Xylem• Phloem• Enables plants to evolve into larger specimens.
•Produce Seeds – protects and nourishes an Embryo of the new plant
Main Structures of Seed PlantsLeaves - are the
powerhouse of plants, and the major site of food production for the plant. Structures within a leaf convert the energy in sunlight into chemical energy that the plant can use as food.
Leaf Structure
Roots•Anchor the plant in the soil. •Absorb water and mineral salts from the soil. •Store food. •Form a passage way for water and dissolved substances from the root into the stem and also for foods from the stem down into the root.
Two kinds of Roots
1. Tap roots - grows vertically down
2. Fibrous roots – no root is larger than the rest
StemsThey support
the leaves and flowers
Transport water and food from place to place within the plant
Store foodFunction in
photosynthesis
Dicot vs. Monocot
Two seed leaves (cotyledons)
Leaves are net veined Vascular bundles in stems
arranged in a circle Flower parts in fours or
fives or multiples Seed chambers in fruit in
fours or fives or multiples Fibrous root system
One seed leaf (cotyledon)
Leaves have parallel veins Vascular bundles in stems
scattered Flower parts in threes or
multiples Seed chambers in fruit in
threes or multiples Tap root system
Dicot vs. Monocot
Plant Tissue Systems
Dermal tissue- outer covering of plantVascular tissue- forms transport system in
plantsGround tissue- cells that lie between
dermal and vascular tissue
Vascular Tissue• Forms the transport system in plants
• Xylem – water carrying tubes – one way transport
• Phloem – sugar carrying tissues – two way transport
Angiosperms - flowering plants
Perfect Flower
Conifers (pine cones) Oldest vascular plants
Gymnosperms