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The Plant Kingdom

4 General Characteristics:

3) They have chloroplasts2) Plants make their own food by photosynthesis

1) Multi-celled organisms

organelle where

photosynthesis takes place

chloroplasts-

•they’re green because they have chlorophyll

•the chemical that gives plants their green color

Chlorophyll-

•traps light energy for photosynthesis

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Chloroplast

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Chloroplast

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4 General Characteristics Cont’d

4) Plant cells have cell walls (animal cells do not)

•stiff cell walls give structure to each cell

•also supports the plant•made of cellulose

•have holes through which cells share cytoplasm & pass nutrients sugars, water, and hormones

cells walls

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Photosynthesis::

•releases oxygenreleases oxygen

Process in which plants use water, carbon Process in which plants use water, carbon dioxide, and energy from the sun to make dioxide, and energy from the sun to make foodfood

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis - -

•only occurs in the chloroplastsonly occurs in the chloroplasts

Prefix photo means:LightRoot word synthesis means:

to make

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What process is illustrated here?

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2

Photosynthesis

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How are plants organized?

PLANTS

Seedless PlantsSeed Plants

Angiosperms

Gymnosperms

Ferns & related plants

Mosses & related plants

Vascular Nonvascular

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2 Main Types of Plants

2) Nonvascular Plants

1) Vascular Plants

PLANTS

Vascular Nonvascular

•broken into 2 more subgroups called:a) seedless plantsb) seed plants

•not broken into subgroups

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Vascular Plants

Vascular Plants-plants that have tube-like cells in their roots, stems, & leaves that carry H2O and nutrients•Vascular comes

from the Latin word “vasculum” which means “vessel”

•roots, stems, and leaves of a plant are all called organs

•they lose their leaves like a pet sheds

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Vascular Plants: 3 organs and their jobs

Vascular Plant Organs:( roots, stems, & leaves)ROOTS-

•anchors the plant into the ground

STEMS-

LEAVES-•place where all of the chloroplasts are located

•takes in H2O & nutrients directly from the soil•carry water to all parts of the plant•holds the leaves up to the sunlight

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Vascular Plants: 2 Types of Tubes

tube-like cells that carry water & dissolved tube-like cells that carry water & dissolved minerals from the minerals from the roots to the leavesroots to the leaves

tube-liketube-like cells that carry cells that carry foodfood, which is , which is made in the leaves, to made in the leaves, to all partsall parts of the of the plantplant

each one has a specific function (job)a) xylem b) phloem

vascular plants have 2 different types of tube-like structures inside them

think of tiny pipes...like a plumbing system

XylemXylem - -

PhloemPhloem--

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PhloemPhloem

xylemxylem

Take another L k

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PLANTS

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Vascular Nonvascular

Vascular Plants: Two Main Groups

1) seedless plants•Vascular plant that DO NOT have seedsEx: ferns

2) seed plants•Vascular plant that have seeds for reproductionEx: conifers & flowering plants

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Vascular Plants: Seedless (ferns)Ferns- seedless plants

•usually grow in moist shady areas

•they have adapted to grow in other environments:

•stem stores the food & water

-aquatic (water)-dry climates-tropical regions water horn fern

tropical fern

typical fern

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Vascular Plants: Seedless (ferns)The Fern Leaf

•divided into tiny leaflets that look “feathery”•loses leaves at the end of each growing season•ferns are classified by their leaves

•reproduce by spores formed on the underside of the leaf

The Fern Reproduction

•the cases that hold the spores look like brown and orange spots

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Vascular Plants: Seedless (ferns)4 Parts of a Fern:

rhizoid- an underground stem that anchored by the roots

roots- anchor the fern

Frond- full grown leaves that stand vertically

Fiddlehead-

tightly coiled new leaves

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roots-rhizoid-

Frond-

Fiddlehead-

Vascular Plants: Seedless (ferns)4 Parts of a Fern:

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Vascular Plants: Seed Plants (conifers)Conifer-

2 main parts :embryo- An organism that contains a new

young plant and stored food in its earliest stage of birth

seed-A plant embryo that contains a new young plant and stored food surrounded by a protective coat

a type of seed plant that produces its seeds inside a cone

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Vascular Plants: Seed Plants (conifers)Evergreens-

•they lose their leaves like a pet sheds

a type of conifer that keeps its leaves all year long

example: pine, spruce, & fir trees

•some lose their leaves in the fall only such as:•larch, dawn redwood, & bald cypress

(not all at the same time)

2 Main Types of Plants

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Vascular Plants: Seed Plants (conifers)5 important facts about conifers

1) ¾ of the worlds lumber is from conifers2) provide almost all of the worlds

paper3) source of turpentine's, disinfectants, and fuel

4) Provides food for many animals

5) Provides shelter for many animals

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Vascular Plants: Seed Plants (conifers)

Directions: List 10 items that are made from conifers

1.1. 6.6.

2.2. 7.7.

3.3. 8.8.

4.4. 9.9.

5.5. 10.10.

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1) List the 4 general characteristics of plants2) Define photosynthesis.3) In which organelle does photosynthesis take place?4) What are the 3 main ingredients for photosynthesis?

5) List two function (job) of the cell wall in plants.

6) List the two main types of plants.

Directions: Answer the following questionsSlide Questions Part One (slides 1-10)