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IntroductioIntroductio

n to the n to the Plant Plant

KingdomKingdom

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Aquatic AncestorAquatic Ancestor

Plants evolved Plants evolved from green from green algae and they algae and they first evolved in first evolved in waterwater

CharaChara

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Aquatic AncestorAquatic Ancestor

Algae & Land Plant SimilaritiesAlgae & Land Plant Similarities Both contain Both contain chlorophyllschlorophylls Have Have chloroplastschloroplasts with stacks with stacks

of of thylakoidsthylakoids Store starch in Store starch in plastidsplastids CelluloseCellulose in cell walls in cell walls

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Plant Plant CharacteristicsCharacteristics MulticellularMulticellular AutotrophicAutotrophic

(photosynthesis)(photosynthesis) Surrounded by Surrounded by cell cell

wallswalls containing containing cellulose cellulose (polysaccharide)(polysaccharide)

Store reserve food as Store reserve food as (starch)(starch)

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TaxonomyTaxonomy Plants are Plants are

divided into two divided into two groups based on groups based on the presence or the presence or absence of an absence of an internal internal transport transport system for water system for water and dissolved and dissolved materials, called materials, called Vascular SystemVascular System

VasculaVascular r BundleBundless

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Vascular SystemVascular System XylemXylem tissue carries water tissue carries water

and minerals upward from and minerals upward from the rootsthe roots

PhloemPhloem tissue carries sugars tissue carries sugars made by photosynthesis from made by photosynthesis from the leaves to where they will the leaves to where they will be stored or usedbe stored or used

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Nonvascular PlantsNonvascular Plants Probably the Probably the

earliest land plantsearliest land plants

Do not have Do not have vascular tissue for vascular tissue for support or support or conduction of conduction of minerals and waterminerals and water

Examples are Examples are mosses, liverworts mosses, liverworts and hornwortsand hornworts

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Vascular Vascular PlantsPlants

Have transportation tubes Have transportation tubes

Have true roots, stems Have true roots, stems and leavesand leaves

Waxy outer covering Waxy outer covering called the called the cuticlecuticle protects protects from drying out from drying out

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Vascular PlantsVascular Plants

Subdivided Subdivided into two into two groups -- groups -- SeedlessSeedless vascular plants vascular plants and and Seed-Seed-bearingbearing vascular plantsvascular plants

Club MossClub Moss

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Seed-Producing Vascular Seed-Producing Vascular PlantsPlants

Includes two groups – Includes two groups – GymnospermsGymnosperms and and AngiospermsAngiosperms

GymnospermsGymnosperms: which means : which means “naked” seed, are plants that “naked” seed, are plants that have no protective coat on their have no protective coat on their seeds- like pine treesseeds- like pine trees

AngiospermsAngiosperms: flowering plants : flowering plants whose ovules are enclosed in an whose ovules are enclosed in an ovary, which is the protective seed ovary, which is the protective seed coatcoat

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AngiospermsAngiosperms Flowering plantsFlowering plants

SeedsSeeds are formed when an are formed when an egg or ovule is fertilized egg or ovule is fertilized by by pollenpollen in the ovary in the ovary

OvaryOvary is within a flower is within a flower

FruitsFruits are frequently are frequently produced from these produced from these ripened ovaries (to help ripened ovaries (to help disperse seeds)disperse seeds)

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FlowersFlowers