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Planning SustainableCommunities

A Green Infrastructure Guidefor Milton Keynes & the South Midlands



The Milton Keynes & South MidlandsEnvironment & Quality of Life (EQOL) Sub

Group has been set up to put togetherprinciples and standards to ensure

consistency and co-ordination in thedelivery of environment and qualit y of life

init iatives across the Sub-Region. Thegroup’s remit includes developing guidance

for the growth areas in relation to theprovision of environmental and other

quality of life infrastructure, and promot inga consistent standard of provision for

these aspects across the Sub-Region.Thegroup has a broad-based membership of

senior representatives drawn from keynational and regional organisations. EQOL

reports into t he Growth Implementation

Group, the main body suppor ting andadvising the MKSM Inter-Regional Board.

The information contained in this guidehas been prepared by the EQOL Sub

Group members and representsindependent advice. It is not a statement

of government policy.

AcknowledgementsThe following organisations support and endorse the production of this guideand its contentq Aylesbury Vale Distr ict Council q Bedfordshire County Council q Bedfordshire Rural Communities Charity q Buckinghamshire County Council

q Culture South East q East Midlands Environment Link q English Heritage q English Nature q Forest of Marston Vale q Forestry Commission q Government Office for the East Midlands q Milton Keynes Council q Milton Keynes Parks Trust q NHS q Northamptonshire County Council q The Countryside Agency

q The Environment Agency q The Wildlife Trusts q RSPB q South East England Regional Assembly q Sport England

We would especially like to thankq Joel Carré,Bedfordshire Rural Communities Charity q Bethan Eggboro,The Environment Agency q Sally Gill, Sport England q Matt Jackson,The Wildlife Trusts q Louise Johnson,The Environment Agency q Jim Lennon,The Countryside Agency q Jason Longhurst, River Nene Regional Park,

Northamptonshire County Council q Ann Plackett , English Heritage q Ian Paterson,English Nature q Philip Raiswell, Sport England q Tony Talbot, Forest of Marston Vale

This guide has been produced on

behalf of the Milton Keynes & South

Midlands Environment & Quality of

Life Sub Group and is derived from“ A jo int st a tement on

t he need for “ Green

Infrast ruct ure” in t he

Milt on Keynes & Sout h

M idlands Sub- Regional

St ra tegy, February 2 004” .

F o r e s t r y C o m m

i s s i o n



Contents

s Introduction

s What is Green Infrastructure?

s Principles

s Landscape CharacterCASE STUDY 1: Northamptonshire Environmental Character Assessment CASE STUDY 2: Bedfordshire Landscape Character Assessment

s Historic Environment

CASE STUDY 3: MKSM SRS: Histor ic Environment Assessment CASE STUDY 4: ANO

s BiodiversityCASE STUDY 4: Summer Leys Local Nature Reserve CASE STUDY 5: Dunstable Downs and the Chilterns Gateway Project

s WoodlandCASE STUDY 6: Forest of M arston Vale CASE STUDY 7: Biggleswade Linear Wood

s Spor t and RecreationCASE STUDY 8: Milton Keynes - Bedford - Sandy Cycle Track CASE STUDY 9: Salcey Forest - River Nene Regional Park

s Natural Processes and Environmental SystemsCASE STUDY 10: Upton SuDS CASE STUDY 11: Marston Vale Surface Waters Plan

s Managing Urban GreenspacesCASE STUDY 12: Milton Keynes Parks Trust CASE STUDY 13:Aylesbury Vale Park

s DesignCASE STUDY 14:Aylesbury Vale - Weedon Hill Design Code

s Community InvolvementCASE STUDY 15: Bellcote M eadow Millennium Green

s Strategic Framework and Delivery ProgrammeCASE STUDY 16:The Northamptonshire Green Infrastructure Project 2005,

River Nene Regional Park

s Appendix 1 Glossary

s Appendix 2 Biodiversity Targets

s Appendix 3 Greenspace and Openspace Targets

s Appendix 4 Northamptonshire Playing Pitch Assessment

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Photo credits

Front cover (l-r)1 & 3.Forestr y Commission2. Milton Keynes Parks Trust4.Forest of Marston Vale5.Bedfordshire County Council

Back cover (l-r)1. Julian Bateson / English Nature2 & 3. Forest of Marston Vale4. Peter Wakely / English Nature5.Anon / English Nature

Photos in circles (various) courtesy ofForest of Marston Vale, English Nature,Forestr y Commission,The Countr ysideAgency / Doorstep Greens,Northamptonshire County Council andRSPB (www.rspb-images.com).



IntroductionHigh levels of growth are projected for the Milton Keynes & South Midlands (MKSM) Sub-Region. The population is expected to grow by 750,000 people 1. This increase inpopulation will not only put pressure on existing Green Infrastructure (GI), which isessential for quality of life, but will require new GI provision to ensure that all residentsand visitors have access to GI of all types.

The concept of GI has been endorsed by the MKSM Sub-Regional Strategy 2 by includingspecific r eferences to GI as an integrated approach to master planning, design anddevelopment.

Today’s scale and pace of development requires major changes to the traditional ways ofproviding GI. Previously, GI has been developed at t he local level and often in anopportunistic way. At times, this has led to schemes failing as insufficient resources werecommitted to aftercare. The lessons learnt from these experiences are incorporated inthe principles,case studies and references in this guide.

In order to achieve sustainable communities,GI must be planned strategically anddelivered in an integrated way across the whole Sub-Region and at all spatial planninglevels. The principles of GI should be integrated into Local Development Frameworksand the investment plans of t hose responsible for the planning and delivery of growt hand environmental management within the Sub-Region.

The purpose of t his guide is to assist local delivery vehicles and local authorit ies in

addressing the GI planning and delivery needs as set out in t he MKSM Sub-RegionalStrategy, by providing

q A checklist of GI planning and delivery principlesq Relevant best practice case studiesq Signposts t o furt her r esources and information

“Green Infrastructure” is a

network of mult i-functional

greenspace, provided across the

Sub-Region. It is set within, and

contributes to, a high quality

natural and built environment

and is required to deliver

“liveability” for new

communities.

1. Healthy Sustainable Communities -A Spatial Planning Checklist 2004.www.mksm.nhs.uk > Focus Areas >Public Health

2. Milton Keynes & South Midlands Sub-Regional Strategy (MKSM SRS), alterationsto SRScovering the East of England,EastMidlands, South East of England,March 2005,paragraphs 50-52.www.go-east.gov.uk,www.go-em.gov.uk,www.gose.gov.uk

P e t e r W a k e l y

/ E n g l i s h N a t u r e



C a r t o g r a p h y : J a n e

M i t c h e l l

MKSM Growth Area



Green Infrastructure (GI) can be deliveredthrough a planned network ofmultifunctional greenspaces and inter-connecting links which is designed,developed and managed to meet theenvironmental, social and economic needsof communities across the Sub-Region.It is set within, and contributes to, a highquality natural and built environment andis required to enhance the quality of lifefor present and future residents andvisitors, and to deliver “ liveability” forsustainable communities.

Green Infrastructure AssetsGI consists of public and private assets, wit h and without public access,in urban and rurallocations,includingq Allotmentsq Amenity space,including communal greenspaces within housing areasq Green corridors, including hedgerows,ditches, disused railways,vergesq Brownfield and greenfield sitesq Urban parks and gardensq Registered commons and village and town greensq Children’s play spaceq Natural and semi-natural habitat for wildlifeq Playing fieldsq Cemeteriesq Pocket parksq Country parksq Woodlandq Historic parks and gardens and historic landscapesq Nature reservesq Sites of Special Scientific Interest and Scheduled Monumentsq Locally designated heritage sites, including county wildlife sitesq Waterways and waterbodies, including flooded quarriesq Development sites with potential for openspace and linksq Land in agri-environmental managementq Public r ights of way, cycleways and other recreational routes

Benefits of Green InfrastructureWell-designed and integrated GI can deliver a range of benefits, often in combination:q Improve health and mental well-beingq Promote a sense of communityq Help reduce crime, fear of crime and antisocial behaviourq Provide opportunity for exercise,sport , active recreation, spirit ual

well-being and quiet contemplationq Improve health as a result of increased physical activity, such as walkingq Provide community resources for learning and trainingq

Provide opportunities for community involvementq Provide a leisure focus and attraction for people of all ages from the existing

and the growth communitiesq Help establish local identity or sense of placeq Improve environmental qualit y, e.g. better air and water qualit y, local

climate control and noise attenuationq Contribute to sustainable drainage and flood mitigationq Provide the opportunity to protect, recreate and rehabilit ate landscapes

and habitats damaged or lost by previous development or agricultural changeq Help maintain and enhance biodiversityq Contribute t o the protection, management and enhancement of

historic and natural sites and areasq Improve and sustain land valuesq Reduce land management costsq Provide an enhanced environmental backdrop that will assist in attracting

business and inward investment

What is Green Infrastructure?

M i l t o n K e y n e s P a r k s T r u s t



PrinciplesThe implementation of the Milton Keynes& South Midlands Sub-Regional Strategywill be achieved by a number of differentorganisations and stakeholders. Therefore,it is important to establish a set ofoverarching GI planning and deliveryprinciples to guide development in theGrowth Areas.

These principles should be adopted by allstakeholders to deliver “liveability” for new

and existing communities and to create anattractive area for new economic andsocial investment. This will ensure that allkey players share a common purpose andfind ways of combining skills and otherresources in order to maximise theirimpact on the delivery of growth andregeneration.

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Green Infrastructure should

s Contribute to the management, conservation and improvementof the local landscape

s Contr ibute to the prot ection, conservation and management of historiclandscape, archaeological and built heritage assets

s Maintain and enhance biodiversity to ensure that development andimplementation results in a net gain of Biodiversity Action Plan habitats

sBe delivered through the enhancement of existing woodlands and also bythe creation of new woodlands and forest areas

s Create new recreational facilit ies, particularly those that present opportunitiesto link urban and countr yside areas

s Take account of and integrate with natural processes and systems

s Be managed and funded in urban areas to accommodate nature, wildlifeand historic and cultural assets,and provide for sport and recreation

s Be designed to high standards of quality and sustainability to deliver socialand economic, as well as environmental benefits

s Provide focus for social inclusion, community development and lifelong learning

These principles are expanded and explained in the following sections of the guide.

P e t e r W a k e l y

/ E n g l i s h N a t u r e



has been designed to meet current andfuture planning needs, and is nowcontributing to the development of a suiteof criteria-based policies and specialistguidance to influence the emerging LocalDevelopment Frameworks.

OutcomesIt provides a solid foundation fordeveloping recommendations on keyenvironmental issues, making informed

judgements and decisions regardingenvironmental guidance, planning policyand quality issues, guidance for GIand local development planning acrossthe county.

It also provides an essential environmentalbaseline resource to inform a range ofprocesses such as Regional Spatial

Strategies,Strategic EnvironmentalAssessments,Sustainability Appraisals, andState of the Environment reporting as wellas the wider spatial and area basedplanning process that is integral to the newplanning system.

Jason LonghurstRiver Nene Regional Park,Northamptonshire County Council

Northamptonshire Environmental Character Assessment

IntroductionThe Northamptonshire EnvironmentalCharacter Assessment has developed anew approach that represents animportant milestone in the evolution ofthe character assessment process. Itdiffers from previous approaches in thatseparate detailed assessments of thecurrent landscape,historic landscape andbiodiversity character were carried out inisolation.

Key factorsIndividual assessments were under taken at1:25,000 scale, describing recurringbiodiversity,historic landscape or currentlandscape types, within which aregeographically discrete character areas.The results of these discrete butco-ordinated studies were then brought

together to create a compositeenvironmental character map ofthe county.

BenefitsThe Northamptonshire EnvironmentalCharacter Assessment project representsthe most innovative and robust countyscale assessment of character to date. It

CASE STUDY 1

Landscape Character

PrinciplesExisting and emerging LandscapeCharacter Assessments must be used toq Recognise and define the local

landscape characterq Inform the development of strategic

environmental policy involving landuse change

q Guide the process of planning,designing, implementing and managingopenspace provision

q Inform the provision and managementof Green Infrastructure (GI) networkas an integral part of the form anddesign of new built development

q Identify potential constraints andopportunities across the Sub-Region

q Input into master planning to guideand shape development at a morelocalised level

q Consider the restoration of disusedand derelict sites that are not suitablefor development or have natureconservation or historic interestthat should be conserved andproperly managed

F o r e s t o f M a r s t o n

V a l e

The East N orthampt onshire Claylands

Rockingham Forest

The W elland Valley

The Collyweston and King's CliffeLimestone Plateaux

The Lower Nene(Thr apston t o Wansford)

The Middle Nene(Northampton to Thrapston)

The Upper Nene Catchmentand W atford GapCentral Nor thamptonshire ClayPlateaux and Rolling Valleys

Yardley and Salcey W oodedClay Ridge

W hittlewood Wooded Clay Ridge

Tove and Ouse CatchmentUndulating Farmlands

West Northamptonshire IronstoneUplands and Rolling Farmlands

Croughton Limestone Plateau

Cherwell Valley

Urban

Avon, Rainsbrook and LeamCatchment Vale Farmlands

Crown Copyright.All r ights reserved Nor thamptonshire County Council / LDA Design

Illustrative Map of EnvironmentalCharacter Areas



Further ResourcesLandscape Character Assessment:guidance for England and Scot landThe Countryside Agency and Scottish National Heritage,2002, CAX 04

www.countryside.gov.ukUsing Histor ic Landscape Characterisation, 2004Jo Clark, John Darlington & Graham Fairclough,English Heritage & Lancashire County Council www.english-heritage.org.uk

Countr yside Character Networkwww.ccnetwork.org.uk

Countryside Quality Counts - a project todevelop national indicators of change incountryside qualit y for the English countrysideThe Countryside Agency,English Heritage,

English Nature, Defra www.countryside-quality-counts.org.uk

Lie of the Land - a booklet championinglandscape characterCampaign to Protect Rural England www.cpre.org.uk/campaigns/landscape-and-beauty

Northamptonshire Landscape CharacterisationProjectNorthamptonshire County Council (RNRP)www.northamptonshire.gov.uk/Environment/N atural/LandscapeCharacter isation

Northamptonshire Environment Network www.nen.org.uk/projects

CASE STUDY 2

landscapes and wooded wolds in thenorth through to the GreensandRidge,Flit Valley and chalk landscapesto the south.

q The District Level Studies tend toidentify around 3 or 4 “landscapecharacter areas” within each landscapecharacter t ype. Key characteristics aredescribed, followed by a judgment onpositive landscape features,whichwould need conservation throughmanagement and sensit iveland-use planning.

Benefits of the studyq The draft document is available to

guide planning decisions,supply todevelopers,amenity groups and thepublic. It is the first r ecord of thelandscape resource, and so can be usedas a baseline for monitoring change.

q The public consultation was wellreceived - although the public aresceptical that such an academic studycan influence the realities of extensivedevelopment

q Landscape strategies for the character

areas can be used to guide andsupport the GI work

Outcomesq The County Landscape Repor t, which

will be supplemented by threeindividual District Studies

q Involvement of communities - incontr ibuting to the studies, they caninfluence local planning decisions

q Raises profile of landscape asa resource

q Provides a robust study which can beused to support planning policies toprot ect the wider landscape;beforeonly areas with a local or nationaldesignation were afforded protectionor restraint in Structure andLocal Plans.

q Feedback given to the AONBConservation Board re priorities forconservation and general awareness ofthe designation

Alison Myers

Bedfordshire County Council

The Bedfordshire Landscape Character Assessment

IntroductionThe Bedfordshire Landscape Character

Assessment is an ongoing phased project,which started in autumn 2003. Land UseConsultants were appointed by the“Bedfordshire Local Authorit ies DesignForum”, a partnership of t he Distr ictCouncils, Luton Borough Council and theCounty Council.

The initial contract was to provide aq Countywide Assessment (1:50,000) -

the first comprehensive characterassessment of the county, explor ingthe pressures,qualit ies and conditionof the landscape and providingguidelines for management.

q District Level Study (1:25,000) of thegrowth areas identified in theSustainable Communities plan. Thiscovers all of South Bedfordshire andparts of the Marston Vale andBedford’s southern urban fringe.

Funding£115,000 was met largely by the CountyCouncil, with contr ibutions from Luton

Borough Council, South BedfordshireDistr ict Council,The Countr yside Agencyand the Chilterns Conservation Board.

Key factorsq The study integrates information on

ecology, cultural herit age andaccessibility as well as the visualqualities of the landscape

q Most of the budget was directed tothe District Level Studies as it was feltBedfordshire’s landscape is stronglyinfluenced by its geology, and that themain aim of the county study was toset the context for moredetailed studies

q Archaeology and historic landscape hasstreamlined the process,ensuredaccuracy and enabled the budget to bedirected to assessment

q Public consultation is a key element tohelp inform the MKSM planningprocess - one workshop has been heldin South Bedfordshire. Two morepublic consultations are planned tocover Mid and North Bedfordshire.

General statementsq The County Study has identified 12

“landscape character types”. Theserange from the arable clay plateau



Historic EnvironmentPrinciplesq Green Infrastructure (GI) should

contribute to the protection andenhancement of the historic dimensionof the present landscape, includingparticular histor ic assets andtheir settings

q Ensure that all new developmentavoids damage to the existingdesignated sites and enhances themwhere possible

q Historic environment managementplans should be produced for historicassets identified within GI networks,including options for conservation,enhancement and recreational andleisure use

q New opportunities for access tohistoric sites should be sought,especially where they secure therestor ation of “at risk” assets

q Opportunities should be taken to takeScheduled Monuments out of arablecultivation, in order to reduce damage

to significant archaeological sites byongoing ploughing

q Opportunities for the restoration orrecreation of historic landscapesshould be identified,especially wherethey also restore or recreate

wildlife habitatsq GI investment should provide for the

restoration and management of urbanparks,historic parks and gardens, andhistoric landscapes, where they couldprovide opportunities for countrysideaccess, and other historic sitesand features

q Locally distinctive materials andtechniques should be used whereappropriate

q The development of urban greenspacenetworks should take account ofhistoric urban character

E n g l i s h H e r i t a g e



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Milton Keynes Urban Area

Calvert on and Nort h Whaddon

Beachampton O ld Enclosures

W haddon Chase

W inslow/Horwoods Claylands

Salden Manor

Newton Longville Parish

Brickhill & W oburn

Clayland fringe

Duke of Bedford Estate

Bedfordshire Bricklands

Woodland Border

Central Clayland

Sherrington Zone

Aspley Guise andWoburn Sands corridor

Histor ic Landscape Zones

Crown Copyright.All rights reserved Buckinghamshire County Council 076481.2005.

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Further ResourcesInformed Conservation - understanding historicbuildings and their landscapes for conservationEnglish Heritage www.helm.org.uk

The Open Fields of Northamptonshire - thecase for the preservation of Ridge andFurrow (David Hall)Northamptonshire County Council www.le.ac.uk/archaeology

Information for LDVs,local authorities andnon-heritage specialists such as plannersand highway engineersEnglish Heritage www.helm.org.uk

Information about the use of characterisation in

development and planningEnglish Heritage www.english-herit age.org.uk,Home >Conserving Historic Places

Countr yside Character Network Topic Paper 5,Understanding historic landscape character andTopic Paper 6,Techniques and criteria for judgingcapacity and sensitivitywww.countryside.gov.uk andwww.ccnetwork.org.uk

Using Histor ic Landscape Characterisation, 2004Jo Clark, John Darlington & Graham Fairclough,English

Heritage & Lancashire County Council www.english-herit age.org.uk > ConservingHistoric Places > PromotingCharacterisation

Thames Gateway Historic EnvironmentCharacterisation, final report 2004Chris Blandford Associates, English Heritage www.english-herit age.org.uk > ConservingHistoric Places > PromotingCharacterisation

Northamptonshire Historic LandscapeCharacterisation ProjectNorthamptonshire County Council (RNRP)www.northamptonshire.gov.uk/Environment/N atural/LandscapeCharacter isationNorthamptonshire Environment Network www.nen.org.uk/projects

Milton Keynes & South Midlands Sub-Regional Strategy:Historic Environment Assessment

Introduction

English Heritage in partnership withBuckinghamshire County Council andMilton Keynes Council and with theassistance of Bedfordshire County Councilhas provided an assessment of thesensitivity and capacity of the historicenvironment in Milton Keynes todevelopment. The area incorpor atesparishes from the northeast to southwestaround Milton Keynes, covering 364km 2 ofwhich 51%is within the Milton KeynesCouncil administrative area,28%inAylesbury Vale District and 21%in MidBedfordshire District.

Key factorsThe Historic Environment Assessmentuses techniques of Historic LandscapeCharacterisation (HLC) with technicalconsideration of historic buildings andarchaeological sites to consider theimplications of future expansion of MiltonKeynes for t he historic environment. The

study aims to demonstrate howappropriate recognition of the widerhistoric environment permits newdevelopment to be intelligently plannedand designed.

Benefits and outcomes

Fift een “historic character zones” havebeen identified through consideration ofthe dominant characteristics of the historicenvironment. The study demonstrates thatthe landscape to the west and south ismore historically diverse, archaeologicallyricher, better preserved and of greatereducational value.

The study was primarily undertaken asevidence to the Milton Keynes & SouthMidlands Examination in Public. However,such studies could help to inform choicesabout the location and design of newdevelopment across the Growth Areas,inthe development of Local DevelopmentFrameworks,by providing anunderstanding of the wider historicenvironment. It can also be used toidentify the opportunities for landscaperestoration and enhancement and potentialGI networks,as part of positive planningfor sustainable communities. Indeed,work

being undertaken in Northamptonshire onGI is utilising their landscape characterassessment, which includes HLC, aswell as information on the location ofhistoric sites.

Sandy KiddBuckinghamshire County Council

CASE STUDY 3

0 5 10 Kilometers



Fundingq Major habitat creation was carried out

by Pioneer during the working phaseof the site

q A lump sum was commuted toNorthamptonshire County Councilto allow longer-term managementof the site

q Further enhancements have been grant

aided by individual charities or throughnational schemes such as the LandfillTax Credits Scheme

Outcomesq The Local Nature Reserve is a major

site for breeding and migrating birds inthe Nene Valley complex, and formspart of t he proposed SpecialProt ection Area

q It supports a range of r are and scarcespecies, including mudwort, stone loachand a range of invertebrates

q A tarmac car park, a network ofaccessible paths, bird hides and a birdfeeding station have been created,providing access to people of all agesand abilities

q Northamptonshire County Counciloversee management of theinfrastructure of the site - biodiversitymanagement is undertaken by theWildlife Trusts

q Involvement of local volunteers wasencouraged at an early stage by

Northamptonshire County Council,which has led to a high degree of local“ownership” of the site and theformation of a volunteer warden group

Mat t JacksonThe W ildlife Trusts

Summer Leys Local Nature Reserve

IntroductionSummer Leys is a 47-hectare Local NatureReserve which resulted from theextraction of gravel within the floodplainof the River Nene near Wellingborough,Northamptonshire. The gravel wasworked by Pioneer Aggregates from 1998,which later became part of Hansons. Themain lake area was flooded in 1992 and

the site has been managed as a naturereserve ever since.

Key factorsAn early understanding of the potentialvalue of the site for biodiversity led todetailed consultation over the design ofthe site after restoration. This aimed tomaximise the biodiversity value of the sitein a number of ways:q Ensuring the survival of key features

during the extraction phase of theworking, including a colony of tr eesparrows

q The restoration plan crucially lookedat the ability to manipulate the flow ofwater on the site post-extraction tocreate habitat

q Providing for the long-termmanagement of the site,both throughfunding and provision of water levelmanagement infrastructure on-site

q Ensuring that facilities were providedfor visitor access which took accountof the need to provide sheltered areas

for feeding and breeding birds

Biodiversity

Principlesq Ensure that all new development

avoids damage to existing designatedsites and enhances themwhere possible

q Ensure that development andimplementation results in a net gain ofBiodiversity Action Plan (BAP) habitatsto maintain and enhance thebiodiversity of the Sub-Region

q Seek to halt and reverse habitatfragmentation and species isolation ofexisting biodiversity assets by bufferingexisting sites and creating new wildlifecorridors between them

q Identify areas for habitat restorationand re-establish them at a landscapescale (also see “Histor ic Environment” )

q Integrate existing habitats into newdevelopment, ensuring developmentprovides a green transition betweenexisting and new habitatsand landscape

q Consider the appropriate managementof wildlife corridors that are importantfor the migration and dispersal ofwildlife and for the linking of habitats

Biodiversity should also be an integral partof good urban design, construction anddevelopment. It should be incorporated atall levels into plans, from individualbuildings and streets to master plans. Itcan be delivered as an integral part ofdelivering construction projects andgreenspace provision.

Ecological surveys should be carried out to

set an ecological baseline as part of thepreparation for the new developmentwhere such information does not exist.This will ensure that developmentpromotes the restoration and re-establishment of habitats and species inaccordance with Local BiodiversityAction Plan targets and BiodiversityConservation and Enhancement zonemaps for the Sub-Region.

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CASE STUDY 4

P a u l G l e n d e l l / E n g l i s h N a t u r e



recreational space for the localcommunity, help repair a damagedlandscape and deliver national and localbiodiversity action plan targets

q The site is connected to other keygreenspace in the Marston Vale byNational Cycle Network route 51(The University Way)

FundingThe Forest of Marston Vale has broughtnearly £20 million in investment byworking in partnership with government,planners, developers,business and localpeople.

The Vale is central to the Milton Keynes &

South Midlands Growth Area and theODPM has identified the Forest ofMarston Vale as a key delivery vehicle forGI. In 2003,£2.7 million from the“Growth Areas Greenspaces Fund” wasmade available by ODPM for the deliveryof 6 projects in the Forest of Marston Vale,including completing the purchase ofRectory Wood.

Benefitsq Contributes to a significant network of

varied greenspace in the Marston Valeq Designed with extensive community

consultation to meet their needsq Buffers and protects the SSSI ancient

semi-natural woodland ofMarston Thrift

q Accessible and availableq Sustainableq Integral and coherent part of

development in the Marston Valeq Linked to other green assets in the

Vale by the National Cycle Networkroute 51 (The University Way)

Tony TalbotForest of Marston Vale

Forest of Marston Vale

IntroductionThe Forest of Marston Vale is one oftwelve Community Forests in England andcovers 61 square miles between Bedfordand Milton Keynes. The Forest is beingdelivered by the Marston Vale Trust, aregistered charity dedicated toenvironmental regeneration and thedelivery of GI throughout the Vale.

Rectory W ood, Cranfieldq Cranfield (population 5,000) is a

rapidly growing village in the Vale withBrogbrough landfill site located just2km to the south

q The Forest of Marston Vale raised£450,000 from a number of local and

national organisations to purchase 70hectares of farmland that extends fromthe southern edge of the village andruns between the landfill site and anarea of ancient woodland (a designatedSite of Special Scientific Interest)

q Strong local support for the projectled to a contribution of £10,000 fromCranfield Parish Council

q The first phase of tree plantingfollowed community consultation, with

over 500 people attending 6 publicplanting events during the winterof 2003/4

q When complete, Rectory Wood willlink the expanding local community toover 350 hectares of woodland andopenspace,the combination of therestor ation of the landfill site, theexisting ancient woodlands and otheryoung woods nearby, all linked andaccessed via the new communitywoodland

q This new extensive area of well-wooded greenspace,delivered inpartnership with public, private andvoluntary sector partners,will help toreduce pressure on the ancientwoodlands, provide informal

CASE STUDY 6

Woodland

4

Principlesq Woodlands should form a core

component of Green Infrastructure(GI) frameworks

q GI benefits should be deliveredthrough the enhancement of existingwoodlands and also by the creation ofnew woodlands and forest areas

q New woodland areas should beplanned and created in line withRegional Forestr y Frameworks

q When creating new woodlands,preference should be given to nativespecies and the use of planting stockof local origin

q Woodland management and creationshould encompass opportunities toproduce sustainable wood supplies forlocal renewable energy programmes

q New woodland needs time to mature,so planting should be programmedwell ahead of development to allowthe GI framework to better meet the

needs of new residents andcomplement the built environment

q The GI framework should capitalise onthe ability of woodland to contributeto sense of place,its popularity withthe public for recreation,and itsunique capacity to absorb recreationalusers and reduce the visual impactof development

q Recreational access to woodlandshould be recognised and actively used

as a way of promoting physical activity,encouraging social cohesion andmaintaining a sense of well-being thatcontributes to better mental health


i s s i o n


V a l e



Further ResourcesThe Forest of Marston Vale, Breathing Space,and Natural PartnershipThe Forest of Marston Vale www.marstonvale.org or email

[email protected]’s Community Forestswww.communityforest.org.uk

space4trees - a regional forestry frameworkfor the East Midlandswww.space4trees.org.uk

Woodland for Life - a regional woodlandstrategy for the East of Englandwww.woodlandforlife.net

Seeing the Wood for the Trees - a forestry and

woodlands framework for the South East Regionwww.seeonline.net/woodlandsframework

Involving People in Forestry - a toolbox forpublic involvement in forest andwoodland planningForestry Commission www.forestry.gov.uk/toolbox

Social and Environmental Benefits of Forestr yForestry Commission www.forestry.gov.uk/publications

Trees matter! - a review of the benefits of

woods and trees in townsNational Urban Forestry Unit www.nufu.org.uk

CASE STUDY 7

q Involvement of local naturalist groupfrom the start of the project ensuredthat local knowledge informed theplanning stage and is used in theongoing monitoring of the site

q The master plan approach ensures thatsite design fits into surroundingenvironment, in terms of landscapecharacter and wildlife habitat andpublic access linkages

q Used principle of natural regenerationfor the establishment of woodland andpond plant colonisation

Outcomesq Strategic missing link secured in urban

fringe rights of way network, enablingcommunity to enjoy localcircular walks

q Plants and invertebrates successfullycolonising naturally

q Frogs and toads bred successfully insite pond in 2004 - the first seasonfollowing pond construction

q Local naturalists involved in plant andamphibian monitoring

q Amphibian monitoring in first year hasshown a significant reduction ofnumbers being killed on theadjoining road

q Contributing to achieving BiodiversityAction Plan targets for woodland andpond creation and associated speciesconservation

Joel Carr é

Bedfordshire RuralCommunities Charity

Biggleswade Linear Wood

IntroductionThe aim of the project was to create a2.4-hectare linear wood as part of a newurban extension to the town ofBiggleswade. Mid Bedfordshire DistrictCouncil produced a master plan for thewoodland with technical advice from theIvel and Ouse Countryside Project andlocal naturalists. The plan’s objectives forthe site were toq Maximise its biodiversity valueq Provide a wildlife corridor linking

existing habitatsq Landscape mitigation for the new

urban extensionq Provide compensatory habitat

for amphibiansq Provide additional informal public

access to the wider countryside

A financial contribution towards thecreation of the woodland was securedfrom the developer under a Section 106Agreement.

Work started on the implementation ofthe woodland master plan in 2002 and wascompleted in 2003, including theestablishment of a boundary hedge,amphibian pond and informal publicfootpath and bridleway links.

Key factorsq Master plan design was based on the

need for the site to be multi-functional, in terms of meetingenvironmental and social needs

q Design objectives were informed byecological assessment, whichhighlighted the need to accommodatean existing significant amphibianpopulation

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CASE STUDY 8

Funding and deliveryq This section of the University Way has

cost £3.2m and has been funded byBedfordshire County Council, ShanksFirst Fund and the ODPMGreenspaces Fund

q Sustrans - the sustainable transpor tcharity - works on practical projects toencourage people to walk and cycle inorder to reduce motor traffic andwere involved in the route

Benefits and successesq The Bedfordshire section of the

University Way is a multi-user routefor cyclists, walkers and (in places)horse riders,and has been designed to

meet the needs of all of these usersq The route connects the Milton Keynes

“Redway” network to the newwoodland (Rectory Wood) inCranfield, the ancient woodland ofMarston Thrift, the Forest Centre andMillennium Countr y Park, PrioryCountr y Park in Bedford and therefurbished railway viaducts overthe river Ivel

q The connection from Sandy to Bedfordenables commuter travelling as well asbeing a recreational route

q Cycle hire facilities and refreshmentsare available at the Forest Centre,Priory Country Park and Danish Camp

q A route map has been produced byMarston Vale Trust with funding fromODPM detailing tourist attractionsalong the route

q Cycle counters have been installedalong the route at Prior y Park andDanish Camp to monitor 24-hour

cycle flows. The counter registered24,500 users in the twelve monthsto August 2004

Catherine FerrisBedfordshire County Cyclingand W alking Officer

Sport and RecreationPrinciplesq Existing formal and informal sport and

recreation facilit ies, includingallotments,should be safeguardedfrom development

q Opportunities must be taken to createnew recreational facilit ies, particularlythose that will link urban andcountryside areas

q Rights of Way Improvement Plans inthe individual growth areas must take

account of new development andopportunities presented by GreenInfrastructure (GI)

q The impor tance of linked up space andgreen routes for providing recreationalopportunities that can enhance healthand well-being should be recognised.Estimates have shown that 37%ofcoronary heart disease deaths can beattributed to physical inactivity,compared to 19%from smoking and

13%from high blood pressure(Spor t England).

q Opportunities should be taken tosecure contributions through planningobligations towards new provision andqualitative improvements to existingassets where such facilities will beexpected to meet the needs ofresidents of the new development areas

q Local authorit ies should carr y outrobust audits and assessments of needin relation to formal and informalopenspace for sport and recreation, inline with advice contained withinPlanning Policy Guidance 17 (PPG17).Such assessments should consider fullythe issue of future needs in areas wheregrowth is expected.

6

Milton Keynes - Bedford - Sandy Cycle TrackThe University W ay

Introductionq The “University Way” is route 51 of

the National Cycle Network whichruns from Oxford to Cambridge.

q The National Cycle Network covers10,000 miles around the countr y

q The Marston Vale Trust has deliveredthe section between Milton Keynesand Sandy via Bedford over a fiveyear period

Key factorsq Two thirds of the delivered route is

off-road with the remainder onminor roads

q Bedfordshire County Council iscommitted to funding further off-road

sections as development progressesin the Vale

q The section to the east of Bedfordfollows the disused railway line and isoff-road with the exception of oneroad crossing at Blunham

q The route has been designed to linkkey GI assets in the Marston Vale

q Where the cycle path follows the lineof the bridleway, extensive consultationwith user groups was carried out

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Further ResourcesChange 4 Spor t in East Midlands - Aregional Plan for Sport 2004 - 2008Sport England www.sportengland.org

Mission: Possible,The South East Plan forSport 2004 - 2008Sport England www.sportengland.org

The East of England Plan for Spor t 2004-2008Sport England, May 2004 www.sportengland.org

The Framework for Sport in EnglandSport England, March 2004 www.sportengland.org

Game Plan:A Strategy for DeliveringGovernment’s Spor t and Physical ActivityObjectivesDepartment for Culture Media and Sport / Strategy Unit, December 2002 www.culture.gov.uk

Spor t England’s Policy on HealthSport England www.sportengland.org

Planning Obligations Kitbag - a ToolkitSport England www.sportengland.org

River Nene Regional ParkNorthamptonshire County Council www.northamptonshire.gov.uk/Environment /RNRPNorthamptonshire Environment Network www.nen.org.uk/projects

CASE STUDY 9

Phase TwoIn 2005, the Phase Two Project will delivera stunning 400m Canopy Walk, aninspirational structure taking visitors on a

journey from the forest floor to the sky’sedge in the upper canopy of the majesticNapoleonic Oaks. The Phase Two projectwill be delivered by the ForestryCommission’s Civil Engineering Team usinginnovative stress laminated timbertechnology and ground breaking use of“radio mast” style bridges. The CanopyWalk aims to inspire visitors to the naturaland spiritual beauty of the forest and ournatural world.

In tandem with the projects, the ForestryCommission have recruited WoodWardens to secure the site at night, andinitiated a successful community volunteerprogramme aimed at engaging with peopleof all ages and backgrounds.

Both projects are designed to give visitorsa qualit y experience,to cater for differingabilities and desires - maximising the valueof Salcey Forest to the community whilst

protecting and enhancing the ancientwoodland.

Kevin G StannardForestry Commission

Salcey Forest - River N ene Regional Park

IntroductionSalcey Forest is a 508-hectare ancient

woodland lying on the Yardley-Whittlewood Ridge betweenNorthampton and Milton Keynes. Rich inarchaeology, the wood is an ecologicaltreasure with a magnificent range of nativeflora and fauna. The forest is the southernmost point of the River Nene RegionalPark, a new strategic GI “delivery vehicle”for the MKSM Growth Area inNorthamptonshire.

The Salcey Forest Project - The N eedand Opportunity in 2004q In 2004, the facilities in Salcey Forest

were tired having last been refurbishedin the early 1990s. Falling visitornumbers reflected the decaying,partvandalised nature of an undervaluednatural and historic asset.

q The Forestry Commission had plans toinvest £80,000 in refurbishing the site,which,coupled with £40,000 from aprivate entrepreneur to open a café,

gave the seed funding to the muchlarger project funded by ODPM viathe River Nene Regional Park Project

Phase One Project Outputsq New 5.5 mile circular family

cycle routeq New 2.5 mile surfaced “all-ability” trailq New 6.5 mile un-surfaced

walking trailq Re-surface or iginal 1 mile “all-abilit y”

trailq 6 mile circular horse-riding trail

formalisedq New woodland café openedq Old car parks re-surfaced and new

horse-boxing point createdq Old play area replacedq All old signage replaced and new map

leaflet producedq The medieval 80-hectare wood-pasture

system recreated and rare breedcattle re-introduced

In September 2004,TV personality JohnCraven joined around 1,800 members ofthe public t o “Celebrate Salcey Forest”and open the new trails.


i s s i o n


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Upton SuDS

“The Upton Urban Framework Plan andDesign Codes are based upondevelopment principles which promotesustainable urban growth and a distinctive,

enduring environment”.

IntroductionUpton is part of the South West Districtof Northampton and is allocated in thelocal development plan for housing. Theland is owned by English Part nershipswhich has worked with NorthamptonBorough Council, the Prince’s Foundationand EDAW (a consultant team) to use thearea as an example of how large-scaledevelopment projects can adoptsustainable principles of urban growth.

Key factorsAll developments at Upton will berequired to meet Building ResearchEstablishment Environmental AssessmentMethod (BREEAM). They will deliversocial, economic and environmentalaspirations,one of which will be theSustainable Drainage System (SuDS).

BenefitsThe SuDSwillq Ensure a more neutral approach to the

treatment of rainwater on site

q Create a green framework andcommunity recreational resourcerunning through Upton

q Consist primarily of linked swalesq Be a fundamental element of the

infrastructure, providing the underlyingbasis of the landscape structure

q Be monitored to establish itscontribution to the enhancementof biodiversity

English Partnerships

CASE STUDY 10

8

Natural Processes and

Environmental SystemsPrinciplesq Green Infrastructure (GI) should,as far

as possible,work with and contr ibuteto natural processes and systems.Development has to take account ofthe impacts of natural processes andsystems at the design stage

q As the Sub-Region is largely dominated

by low-lying land,all developmentsshould incorporate SustainableDrainage Systems (SuDS) into thedesign both within and outside offlood risk areas

q Creative enhancement of watercourses as features for recreation andbiodiversity can also benefit floodstor age capacity, e.g. wetlands

q Use more natural methods ofprotecting water quality whereappropriate, e.g. use of reed bedswhich also act as wildlife habitat

q Opportunities should be taken toimprove local environments andcontribute to sustainable developmentthrough providing GI, e.g. create newwoodlands to improve air quality,reduce noise and light pollution, and toact as long-term carbon sinks to offsetcarbon emissions and reduce theimpact of development on globalclimate change





Further ResourcesBiodiversity by DesignTown and Country Planning Association www.tcpa.org.uk

Framework for Sustainable Drainage Systems(SuDS) in England and Wales (consultation)National SuDS working Group, May 2003 www.environment-agency.gov.uk

The Surface Water PlanBedfordshire and River Ivel Internal Drainage Board Contact: David Thomas,[email protected]

Night Blight (a booklet on light pollution)and Tranquil Area Policy Position StatementCampaign to Protect Rural England

www.cpre.org.uk/campaigns/landscape-and-beauty

Urban Forestr y in Practice Guide,CS07 -the effects of urban woodland on air qualityNational Urban Forestry Unit www.nufu.org.uk

Nor thamptonshire County Council, Built &Natural Environment ServiceNatural Environmentwww.northamptonshire.gov.uk/Environment /N aturalHistor ic Environment

www.northamptonshire.gov.uk/Environment/Historic

q These proposals include the creationof wet woodland,a national priority

habitat within the UK BiodiversityAction Plan,and other priorit ywetland habitats

q The first phase of woodland planting atVan Diemans Land has already beendelivered, including extensiveinvolvement of the local community inorder to foster a strong sense of“ownership” for the future

q A further 40 hectares has beenacquired by the Forest of Marston Valeusing a variety of funds includingdeveloper contribution,ODPMGreenspaces grant and contributionsfrom businesses, to create an extensive“Green Gateway” to Bedford whichbuilds on and enhances the existingsurface water management proposalsin this area

Benefitsq An integrated,strategic approach to

surface water management

q Increased opportunities forbiodiversity and recreational gain

q Provides a good model of a “green”sustainable drainage scheme

q Creation of extensive public accessgreenspace and well wooded bufferbetween expanding settlements andtr ansport corridors

q Co-ordinated approach to deliveringmulti-functional greenspace in theurban fringe in parallel with majorplanned development

David ThomasBedford Group of Drainage Boards

Marston Vale Surface W aters Plan - Van Diemans Land

IntroductionThe extensive development proposals for

the Marston Vale, including residential,commercial and major transportinfrastructure improvements,combine tocreate substantial surface watermanagement problems and the potentialfor increased flood risks. The Marston ValeSurface Waters Group was created to seekinnovative,integrated surface watersolutions for the Vale. The Groupcomprises The Forest of Marston Vale, theEnvironment Agency, Bedford Group ofDrainage Boards and the three localplanning authorities.

The Surface Waters Plan lays out anintegrated approach to surface watersmanagement that is designed to deliverposit ive biodiversity, recreation andsustainability benefits to the environmentalregeneration agenda that is being led bythe Forest of Marston Vale.

One example of delivering the integrated

approach promoted by the Marston ValeSurface Waters Plan is the Van DiemansLand project on the Bedford urban fringe.

Van Diemans Landq As part of major residential and

industrial developments to the south-west of Bedford an integratedgreenspace and surface watersmanagement scheme has beendeveloped by partners of the MarstonVale Surface Waters Group

q Working with the planning authority,the Forest Team successfully securedan 8-hectare site (known as VanDiemans Land) and £65,000 towardscommunity woodland creation costs aspart of the planning obligation for amajor distribution developmentsite nearby

q An innovative and integrated designapproach has resulted in theincorporation of a sustainable drainage

scheme wit hin the new woodland, as acomponent of wider flood riskmanagement proposals in this area

CASE STUDY 11



FundingThe Trust is self-financing. Its assetsgenerate the income needed to maintainthe green estate. The parks are also usedfor fundraising by charities and in 2003over £500,000 was raised throughsponsored walks and cycle rides. Over200 volunteers assist at events, helpingwith wildlife surveys and contributing toconservation tasks.

BenefitsThe Green Flag award-winning lakesideparks at Willen are a good example ofTrust managed greenspace,withexceptional recreational facilities centredaround the south lake,and a peaceful,

tr anquil nature reserve on the north lake.

The Trust continues to improve its estate,and planning permission has recently beengranted to restore a mineral extractionsite to the North of Milton Keynes to afloodplain forest. This 80-acre site willform a managed natural feature linking thenew town with the open countryside.

Milton Keynes Parks Trust

Milton Keynes Parks Trust

IntroductionMilton Keynes Parks Trust was establishedin 1992 as an independent charity. Theownership of the strategic parks was

passed onto the Trust to be managed andprotected in the long term. To fund thiswork, the Trust was endowed withcommercial properties and other assets togenerate income.

Key factorsThe Trust has a 999-year lease on the1800 hectares of greenspace that itmanages, while it s commercial propertiesare owned freehold.

The primary objective of the Trust is to:

“Provide, maintain and equip parks,gardens, landscaped areas, woodlands, openspaces,playing fields, playgrounds andrecreational amenity space within Milt on

Keynes and the environs thereof ....for the benefit of the inhabitants

and visitors to the area”.

The greenspace in the Trust’s

stewardship includes the linearparks,floodplains, ancient woodlands,

tr ansport corridors and parkways. It iscommitted to maintaining and enhancingthe nature conservation value of the city’spark system. As Milton Keynes continuesto expand,the Trust wor ks with t heplanning authorities and developers toensure that greenspace provision isincluded in development plans, and thatany further provision of greenspace is

adequately resourced to ensure its long-term management in perpetuity. The Trustcontinues to adopt new areas ofgreenspace from developers and EnglishPartnerships as the city expands.

CASE STUDY 12

Managing Urban GreenspacesPrinciplesThe sympathetic and active managementof existing and new greenspace is essentialto ensure its benefit s are realised. Inparticular it is important to ensure thatq Urban greenspace is managed to

accommodate nature, wildlife andhistoric and cultural assets, andprovide for sport and recreation

q The significance of greenspaces isunderstood, including their

contr ibution to local character, as anecessary first step in protectionand management

q Adequate provision is made for formaland informal recreational activities,including those that that rely on theuse of natural features or resources

q Urban parks and greenspaces areplanned, managed and,whereappropriate restored,with the activeinvolvement of local communities

q It is clearly understood that fundingfor the management of urbangreenspace is the most critical aspect


N o t h a m p t o n s h i r e

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Further ResourcesThe Value of Public SpaceCABE Space www.cabespace.org.uk

A Guide to producing Park and GreenSpace Management Plans, 2004CABE Space www.cabespace.org.uk

Developing Accessible Play Space: a goodpractice guide. Nov 2003Office of the Deputy Prime Minister www.odpm.gov.uk

Green Space Strategies,a good practiceguide, May 2004CABE Space www.cabespace.org.uk

Is the grass greener?...Learning frominternational innovations in urbangreenspace management, July 2004CABE Space www.cabespace.org.uk

Does Money Grow on Trees?March 2005CABE Space www.cabespace.org.uk

The Milton Keynes Parks Trust model -a brief introduction

www.mkparks.co.uk

Parks need People need Parks:the skillsshor tage in parks,a summary ofresearch,August 2004CABE Space www.cabespace.org.uk

River Nene Regional ParkNorthamptonshire County Council www.northamptonshire.gov.uk/Environment /RNRPNorthamptonshire Environment Network www.nen.org.uk/projects

CASE STUDY 13

FundingPhase 1 has been funded through the grant

aid secured from the ODPM as part of theGreen Spaces Fund bid and from S106contr ibutions from nearby developments.

Phases 2 and 3 will be delivered throughS106 funding from other developments,aswell as seeking grant aiding from bodiessuch as the Heritage Lottery Fund.

Benefitsq Improved quality of provisionq The consultation exercise has

recognised the requirements of thecommunity and incorporated thesewithin the design

q Better use of space allows people toimprove their physical and mentalwell-being

Outcomesq Public areas that are well maintained

and enhancedq Council services that meet t he needs

of the whole communityq A reduction in the factors that

diminish the health of individuals,andan increase in those that promote it

Roger GlitheroAylesbury Vale District Council

Aylesbury Vale Park

IntroductionVale Park is the principal area of

recreational and amenity public openspacein the town centre of Aylesbury,which actsas spare flood capacity, creatingrestrictions as to what structures andmaterials can be placed in cer tain areas.The park was purchased and established in1929 in the “Victorian municipal” parkstyle with facilities for a local populationwith few other formal leisureopportunities.

Key factorsTo create a quality, modern urban parkthat meets the need of a diversecommunity,providing interactive,activeand passive leisure and recreationalfacilities for as wide a range of users aspossible.

Key StatementsTo ensure the project is deliverable, theredevelopment of the park falls into 3main phases, each subject to adequate

funding being available, as follows:

Phase 1 Creation of an Activity Zonefocusing on the construction of new andreplacement facilities - a multi-use gamesarea,tennis court s, artificial bowls green(requested by the bowls club) andchildren’s play area. Lighting will beprovided across the activity zone toincrease the time that facilities can be usedthroughout the year.

Phase 2 Opens up the central area toincrease the amount of informalopenspace for people. Refurbishment ofthe toilets and addition of space forstorage and attendants is proposed inthis phase.

Phase 3 The final phase delivers newentrances and formal gardens for the park.The centr al “spine” footpath requires therepositioning of the entrance to thecorner of the park; this will create a moredirect link with the town centre,car parksand underpass.

A y l e s b u r y V a l e

D i s t r i c t C o u n c i l



Principlesq Each local delivery vehicle should

create examples of GreenInfrastructure (GI) to a high designqualit y standard at an early stage, to

act as exemplars for other parts of t heSub-Region and other growth areas

q The design of new GI should create adistinctive sense of place

q Good quality design shouldincorporate the objectives ofsustainable development that willdeliver social and economic as well asenvironmental benefits

q The design of GI must be fundamentalto the planning of town form,helping

to integrate any new urban extensionswith existing settlements and thesurrounding landscape. It should alsoconserve and enhance the character ofdistinctive settlements and preventurban coalescence. Landscape andurban characterisation should informthe design process.

q Design must seek creative greensolutions to the infrastructuredemands of increasing populationpressure

q All new developments must be builtto the highest environmental standardsand contribute to improvedenvironmental sustainability includingwater efficiency measures, e.g. SuDS,

grey water recycling, rainwater butt s,avoid planting vegetation that requireslarge amount of water, design fordrier summers

q Design should seek to manage floodrisk at a spatial and local level throughgreen and openspaces. Whereappropriate locally, sustainablesolut ions such as SuDSare a keymeasure to reduce flood risk and havea whole range of biodiversity,waterquality, water resources andrecreational benefits.

q GI should contribute to reducingcrime and anti-social behaviour

through well-designed public space,taking into account its use at night aswell as during the day

q Rights of Way Improvement Plansshould be used to create and improvePublic Rights of Way and ensure alinked network providing access bothto the greenspace on the doorstep andthe wider countr yside. The needs ofall users should be taken into account,whether walking,cycling orhorse riding.

q GI offers the opportunity to buildcommunity cohesion and design shouldoffer cultural diversity of space andencourage access to such spacefor everyone

Design

B e d f o r d s h i r e C o u n t y

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M i l t o n K e y n e s

P a r k s T r u s t



Further ResourcesDetails of the Countryside Agency’s PositivePlanning work, including the New VernacularInitiative dealing with the development of newbuildings in the countryside

www.countryside.gov.uk/positiveplanningPlanning Out Crime in Northamptonshire,Supplementary Planning Guidance,Feb 2004www.northamptonshire.gov.uk

Milton Keynes Master Planwww.mkweb.co.uk

Biodiversity by DesignTown and Country Planning Association www.tcpa.org.uk

Policy Note:Preventing Anti-Social Behaviour in

Public Spaces,November 2004CABE Space www.cabespace.org.uk

Better Places for Spor tSport England / CABE,2003 www.sportengland.org

What are we scared of? The value of r isk indesigning public space,February 2005CABE Space www.cabespace.org.uk

Aylesbury Vale - Weedon Hill Design Code

Key statements“The Major Development Area (MDA) will

deliver a high quality urban developmentthat is related positively to it’s setting,reflecting local distinctiveness”.

IntroductionThe Aylesbury Vale District Local Planallocates land at Weedon Hill as an MDAfor residential development, communityfacilities and public openspace.

The site is 48.6 hectares of agriculturalland located on the northern fringes ofAylesbury. The development brief wasprepared in consultation with AylesburyVale District Council and BuckinghamshireCounty Council.

Key factorsThe document draws on and expands onthe following urban design principlesestablished within t he Weedon HillDevelopment Brief.q Urban structure

q Connectivity to the existing areaq Street design to reinforce local

distinctivenessq Promoting priority in pedestrian and

cycle movementq Greenway designq Urban grain - scale, height and massingq Using perimeter blocks with variations

in size and dimensions to promoterichness of place and a human scale

q Consideration of density rangesq Types of buildings with regard to their

forms, character and their heights,scale and architectural treatment

q Local centre - Market Squareq A mix of compatible uses such as

retail, leisure, employment andresidential

q 24-hour activity and an active edge andfrontage with “eyes on to the streetand the public spaces”

q Good circulation and permeability forall, with a pedestrian friendlyenvironment

BenefitsThe code is to be used as a tool to informdiscussion and shape detailed proposals,promoting successful dialogue betweendevelopers and the local authority designteams. The code illustrates what isexpected from developers and providesscope for innovative design solutions andindividuality.

OutcomesThe design code has established clearurban design guidance for the planning andregulation of the development to achieve ahigh quality, sustainable,safe, attractive anddesirable environment in which to live,work and play.

Faulks, Perry, Culley & Rech andHallam Land Management

CASE STUDY 14

Illustration of new development at Cardington, Bedford court esy of LDA Design




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4

Community InvolvementPrinciplesq Green Infrastructure (GI) should

provide a focus for social inclusion,education, tr aining, health and well-being through communityinvolvement and life-long learning

q Encourage community involvementfrom the outset in design,implementation and care as localcommunities are often well placedto identify the type of GI that suitstheir needs best and it helps ensurelong-term management andownership of GI sites

q Encourage the involvement of specialinterest groups as they can have afundamental role in building stronglocal commitment to the changinglandscape


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Further ResourcesQuality of Life Assessment ToolkitThe Countryside Agency www.countryside.gov.uk/livinglandscapes

Making Space.A Manual for CommunityGroups that Manage GreenspaceThe Countryside Agency www.countryside.gov.uk

Information on Concept Statements,Town and Village Design StatementsThe Countryside Agency www.countryside.gov.uk/positiveplanning

Involving People in Forestry - a toolbox forpublic involvement in forest andwoodland planningForestry Commission

www.forestry.gov.uk/toolbox

England’s Community Forestswww.communityforest.org.uk

Involving Young People in the Designand Care of Urban Spaces,2004CABE Space www.cabespace.org.uk

No particular place to go?- Children,young people and public spaceKen Worpole,Groundwork UK www.groundwork.org.uk

Details about the Countr yside Agency’sDoorstep Greens work, creating andenhancing greenspaces near to people’s homeswww.countryside.gov.uk/countrysidefortowns/doorstepgreens

A Countr yside for Health and Wellbeing:The Physical and Mental Health Benefitsof Green Exercisewww.countrysiderecreation.org.uk

Bellcote Meadow Millennium Green, Shefford, Bedfordshire

Introductionq In 1998, Shefford Town Council

commissioned the Ivel and OuseCountryside Project (IOCP) toproduce a development plan for a new2.6-hectare public greenspace on thetown’s urban fringe

q Following extensive communityconsultation, including facilit atedworkshops and a householdquestionnaire, a plan was drawn upbased on the following objectives- To allow easy access for elderly

and disabled- To provide a safe and accessible

greenspace for young families- To conserve and enhance wildlife

and landscape interest- To encourage and provide for

educational use- To provide a venue for community

events such as summer fetesand picnics

q In 1999, a community tr ust wasformed to take the plan forward,including securing title of the land andnecessary funding (£42k) and suppor t

q The trust commissioned IOCP to leadthe initial development work (includingplanting, fencing and path creation)either using contractors or organisingvolunteer work parties involving localresidents

q Over time and with additional training,the local residents have become thepractical arm of the community trustand now oversee the management ofthe site with only very occasionalexternal support

Key factorsq The town council was key in providing

initial drive and support to get theproject underway to a point where thecommunity trust was in place to takeover running it

q Key individuals within the council andlocal community helped to drive theproject forward

q Professional suppor t was required toassist the council, and subsequently thecommunity tr ust, in managing anddeveloping the project, includingcommunity consultation and capacitybuilding

q This took time (1 year) to build to thepoint where the community is nowself-reliant

q Use of the community trust maximiseslocal ownership and accountability

q Securing community suppor t andinvolvement was essential at everystage of the project, in particular fromkey stakeholders,e.g. residentsadjoining the site

q Ensure site is multi-functional, i.e.meets a range of needs,includingformal and informal recreation,education and heritage conservation

General statementsq Prior to the development plan, the site

attracted antisocial activities (such asunauthor ised motor cycle scramblingand vandalism)

q Now it is a valued local amenity acrossall sections of community, young andold, and the antisocial activit ies havedisappeared

Benefits and successesq Project development process

engaged communityq Antisocial activities on site now no

longer a problemq Focus for community events, such as

“village fete” and “school picnic”q Increased community use of siteq Heritage value of site protected

and enhanced

Outcomesq Empowered community with greater

skills and confidenceq Stronger sense of community and

community spiritq More attractive and rich environment

q Valued and respected communityresource

Joel Carr éBedfordshire RuralCommunities Charity

CASE STUDY 15

B R C C



Strategic Framework and

Delivery Programme

A net gain in GI should be secured by applying the following sequence of actionsi Protect and enhance all existing natural and historic assets wherever possibleii Significantly improve the management of existing GIiii Provide for the creation and management of new GI assets to meet identified needsiv If GI is created as compensation for the loss or damage of an existing asset, the aim

must be at least to create an equivalent asset. However, it must be recognised

that some assets are irreplaceable.

POLICY REQUIREMENTS

CREATE STRATEGICOVERVIEW

Identify linkages & opportunities

QUAN TIFY DEFICITCurrent and projected

IDENT IFY NEEDS AN DRESOURCES

DEVELOP DELIVERY PLAN

ASSESS EX ISTIN G ASSETSq QUANTITY

q QUALITYq ACCESSIBILITY

State clear policy requirements forGI provision and management

at all planning levels

Regional Spatial Strategies (RSS)

MKSM Sub-Regional Strategy

Local Development Framework (LDF)Site specific master plans

TOOLS

PPG17 Needs Assessment

Strategic Environmental Assessment

Landscape Character Assessment

Historic Landscape Characterisation

Conservation Area Appraisals

Concept Statements

Parish Plans

Town and Village Design Statements

Quality of Life Assessments

Accessible Natural GreenspaceStandards (ANGSt) Toolkit

Set clear targets for GI and regularlymonitor performance in relation

to these targets and otherstated outcomes

GI must be adequately resourced upfront to meet capital and ongoing

revenue needsIdentify tactical opportunities

matched with provision

Local authority programmes

LDV business plan

Only adopt or approve plans that delivera step change in greenspace provision

and management that is at least inline with the increase in development,in order to guarantee an overall “net

gain” in environmental assets



GI should have a multiple hierarchyof provision, in terms of location(from urban neighbourhoods to the

open countryside), function, size andlevels of use - at every spatial scaleacross the Sub-Region.

GI must be located to link or extendthe network of existing sites,providing green corridors for wildlifeand people from urban throughsuburban to the rural environment.It should be based upon an analysisof local needs and oppor tunities and

seek to apply the general locationhierarchy

q Areas within new developmentq Adjacent to new developmentq Within the Local Development

Framework areaq Across Local Development

Framework areas,includingcross regional boundaries

GI should be used to provide a network of greenspaces that is attractive and easilyaccessible, serving the needs of both rural and urban communities and strengthening thelinks between them. GI should be multi-functional wherever possible. Integration withthe planning system is essential to deliver GI across the Sub-Region. Strategicallysignificant potential routes and sites for green infrastructure should be safeguarded,whereappropriate, wit hin local development fr ameworks and supplementary planning documents.There should be a co-ordinated approach in relation to natural assets across the Sub-Region to ensure assets are viewed as inter-linked regional assets not isolated pockets.The planning system provides a framework within which LAs and LDVs can work inpartnership to deliver GI.

Rights of Way Improvement Plans must address how the Public Rights of Way networkmeets the needs of people now and in the future. Routes within developments will needto be created or improved, as will the links from new development t o the countr yside;some routes will need improvement to cope with higher usage. This kind of linkednetwork creates access for the widest range of users, providing more opportunity for

more people to be physically active.

Well-designed public space can contribute to crime reduction and this is an importantfactor when considering green infrastructure in spatial planning. Attention should be givento the design of green routes, for use during the day and at night, in order to providegreenspace while ensuring people’s sense of comfor t and safety.

Green Belt land should be retained,unless in exceptional circumstances there is a strategicneed for release, in accordance with government guidelines and where appropriateextended, to prevent urban coalescence. Its amenity value as openspace should beenhanced and greater biodiversity encouraged.

What is achievable at any given location will depend on local circumstances and the scaleof development taking place,but innovative solut ions need to be encouraged at everylevel. The local area’s impor tant environmental and cultural assets,some of which are ofnational or regional significance,not only need to be prot ected but also,whereappropriate, enhanced. The Growth Area provides opportunities for this and for accessand management for the benefit of an increased population.

Throughout the Sub-Region, the following will be sought in order to achieve a net gain inGI including:q Protecting and enhancing existing natural, historic and recreational assets,

including recreational routes and sports facilit ies,and countryside characterq Improving the management of existing assets and provision of new GI to meet

growth requirementsq Establishing a network of multi-functional greenspaces in urban areas,urban

fringe and the wider countryside, as part of t he process of developing moresustainable,safer, secure and attractive natural and built form

q Ensuring good accessibility of GI provision that promotes healthy lifestyles and can beused for formal and informal recreational and educational purposes

q

Maintaining and increasing the local area’s stock of strategic GI assets

27

Model Local Development Framework (LDF) Policy

Location Hierarchy

N o r t h a m p t o n s h i r e

C o u n t y

C o u n c i l / L

D A D e s i g n



Appendx1

Accessible Natural Greenspace Standards (AN GSt) - these standards recognise theimportance of nature in the urban context in terms of improving the quality of people's lives andpeople's entitlement to have access to, and experience of, nature near to where they live.

Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) - designated under the National Parks andAccess to t he Countryside Act 1949 as having national landscape importance.The primary purpose ofDesignation is the conservation and enhancement of t his natural beauty.

Area Action Plan - used to provide a planning framework for areas of change and areas ofconservation.Area Action Plans will have the status of Development Plan Documents.

Biodiversity - all living things,t heir habitats and the relationship between them.

Brownfield - an area of land in a town or city that was previously used for industr y and where newbuildings can be built.

CABE Space - part of the Commission for Architecture & the Built Environment (CABE) and wasset up in May 2003. CABE Space champions excellence in the design and management of parks,streets and squares in our towns and cities.

Community Strategy - local authorities are required by the Local Government Act 2000 toprepare these,with the aim of improving the social, environmental and economic well-being of theirareas.Through the Community Str ategy, author ities are expected to co-ordinate t he actions of localpublic,private, voluntary and community sector s.

Concept Statement - a simple, clear expression of the kind of place the new development shouldcreate. It briefly explains how development on the site should contribute to the local author ity’svision.

Conservation A reas - areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character orappearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance .

Core Strat egy - sets out the long-term spatial vision for the local planning authority area and thespatial objectives and strategic policies to deliver that vision.The Core Strategy will have the status ofa Development Plan Document.

Development Plan Documents (DPDs) - spatial planning documents that are subject toindependent examination, and together with the relevant Regional Spatial Str ategy, will form thedevelopment plan for a local author ity area for the purposes of the Planning and CompulsoryPurchase Act 2004.

Green Belt - an area of land designated in Development Plans that restricts new built developmentin order t o achieve a number of specific purposes,such as preventing the sprawl of large built-upareas. Green Belts are expected to offer long-term cert ainty,with their boundaries being altered onlyin exceptional circumstances.

Greenfield site - an area of land, usually in agricultural use, that has not previously been developed.

Green Infrastructure - a network of multi-functional greenspace, provided across the Sub-Region.It is set within, and contr ibutes to, a high quality natural and built environment and is required todeliver “ liveability” for new communities.

Greenspace - the outdoor environment of habitats,public access areas, formal and informalrecreational facilities,histor ic sites and areas,woodlands and rural and urban landscapes contributingto Green Infrastructure.

Listed buildings - buildings of special architectural or historic interest held on a list administered byEnglish Heritage. Decisions on changes are made by the Secretary of State for Culture, Media andSport.The buildings or str uctures are graded I,II* or II to r eflect t heir relative importance.Listinggives statutor y protection to histor ic buildings against unauthor ised alteration or demolit ion. Specialpermission is required for works that may affect their character or appearance.

Liveability - creating a good quality of life for people to live and work.

Local Development Documents (LDDs) - the different types of planning policy documents(Development Plan Documents and Supplementary Planning Documents) which together make up theLocal Development Framework (LDF).

Local Development Framework (LDF) - a portfolio of local development documentsthat will provide a framework for meeting the community’s economic,social andenvironmental aims.

Glossary



Local Delivery Vehicles (LDVs) - par tnerships which bring the public and private sector s togetherto deliver large-scale social, economic and environmental change.

Local Nature Reserve (LNR) - a statutor y term denoting an area of land designated under theNational Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 as being of importance for natureconservation and where public understanding and enjoyment of nature conservation is activelypromoted.

Local transport plan - a five year integrated transport strategy for the county authority coveringall modes of urban and rural transport.

Milton Keynes & the South Midlands Sub-Region (MKSM) - one of four major growth areaslocated in southern central England identified in the Sustainable Communities Plan.

National Nature Reserve - a statutory term, denoting an area of land designated under theNational Parks and Access to the Countr yside Act 1949 or the Wildlife and Countr yside Act 1981 as

being of national (and sometimes international) impor tance. May be in a variety of ownerships, but t heessential characteristic is that they are primarily used for nature conservation.

Office of the D eputy Prime Minister (ODPM) - created as a central government department inMay 2002. It is responsible for policy on housing,planning, regional and local government and the fireservice.

Parish Plan - a vision of how the community would like their t own or village to be. For manycommunities it has been a stepping stone to applications for other grants.

Planning Policy Statements (PPSs) - set out the Government’s national policies on differentaspects of planning.The policies in this statement apply throughout England and focus on proceduralpolicy and the process of preparing local development documents.

Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) - policy framework set by Government at the regional level onthe basis of advice supplied to it by Regional Planning Bodies.The RSSis produced by the Regional

Planning Body and amended and confirmed by the Spatial Strategy (see PPS11).

Scheduled Monument - monuments included in the Schedule of Monuments of NationalImport ance, which the Secretary of State for Culture, Media & Sport has a duty to compile andmaintain under Section 1 of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979.

Section 106 - Section 106 Planning Agreements secure community infrastructure to meet the needsof residents in new developments and/or to mitigate the impact of new developments upon existingcommunity facilities.

Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) - a statutor y term denoting an area of land notifiedunder the Wildlife and Countr yside Act 1981 (as amended) as being of special nature conservationinterest. SSSIs include wildlife habitats,geological features and landforms.

Statutory - denotes something that is defined in legislation.

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) - the analysis and evaluation of the environmentaleffects and implications of a proposed policy, plan or programme.It aims to help achieve sustainabledevelopment by integrating environmental considerations into policies and plans. It became a formalrequirement in the UK in 2004 when the EU Directive on SEA came into force.

Supplementary Planning Document (SPD) - this guidance elaborates upon the policy andproposals in DPDs but does not have development plan status.Their weight as a materialconsideration will reflect t heir status as part of t he LDF.

Sustainable development - making provision for the needs of the existing population withoutcompromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Town & Village Design Statement - informs local people, developers,architects and planners etchow new development can fit into the character of an existing town or village.

Quality of Life Assessment - a tool for maximising environmental, economic and social benefits aspart of any land-use planning or management decision. It provides a systematic and transparentevaluation framework for all scales of decision making, integrates environmental,economic and socialissues, and combines professional and local community views.

31



Appendx2

The following range of biodiversity assets should be sought as a priority:q Heathland and acid grassland restoration and creationq Calcareous grassland restoration and creationq Wetland restoration/creationq Woodland recreation and restoration

The following tables list only readily quantifiable biodiversity targets from the existingBiodiversity Action Plan (BAP) for Buckinghamshire, and from ongoing revisions of therelevant BAPs for Nor thamptonshire and Bedfordshire. Where target dates have passed,English Nature is collating information nationally on the achievement of those targets.Further information is available from the relevant BAP partnership.

Biodiversity Targets


i s s i o n



National / Local BAP Habitat

Veteran Trees

Lowland Wood Pasture and Parkland

Wet Woodland

Lowland Heath

Lowland Dr y Acid GrasslandLowland Calcareous Grassland

Lowland Hay Meadows / Neutral grassland

Wet and Marshy Grassland

Ancient and/or Species Rich Hedgerows

Reedbeds and Swamps (incl. Fen & Marsh)

Open Standing Water

Lowland Mixed Woodland

Cereal Field Margins / Beetle Banks

Creation Targets

Northamptonshire

Hectares (unlessotherwise stated)

ByDate


ByDate


ByDate

Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire

-

18

243

22

1836

156

90

-

44

500 ponds

1000

-

-

-

10

125

30050

50

75km

80

-

1500

100km

-

-

-

73

100

100

-

increase by 100%

-

170

200 beetle banks

-

2021

2021

2021

20212021

2021

2021

-

2021

2021

2021

-

-

-

2010

2010

20102010

2010

2005

2010

-

2015

2005

-

-

-

2005

2010

2010

-

2010

-

2010

2010

National / Local BAP Habitat

Veteran Trees

Lowland Wood Pasture and Parkland

Wet WoodlandLowland Heath

Lowland Dr y Acid Grassland

Lowland Calcareous Grassland

(incl. Quarries and Gullets)

Lowland Hay Meadows / Neutral grassland

Wet and Marshy Grassland

Ancient and/or Species Rich Hedgerows

Reedbeds and Swamps (incl. Fen & Marsh)

Open Standing Water

Lowland Mixed Woodland

Cereal Field Margins / Beetle Banks

Habitat Management / Restoration Targets

Northamptonshire


ByDate


ByDate


ByDate

Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire

-

165

69c.60

c.113

465

1,151

-

-

-

c.1,500

c.8,750

-

-

Restore 2 sites

4040

85

100% of CW Ss/SSSI

100%of CW Ss

25%

50%

-

100% of SSSIs

-

-

20 trees

Restore 2 sites

-

115

200

100

25%

50%

-

-

10 sites

-

-

2021

20212021

2021

2021

2021

-

-

-

2021

2021

-

-

2010

20102010

2005

2010

2005

2005

2010

-

2005

-

-

2003

2005

-

2005

2010

2010

2005

2010

-

-

2003

-

Table 1b Habitat Restoration and Management Targets

Table 1a H abitat Creation Targets

33



Appendx3

LA Area

Corby

Daventr y

E Northamptonshire

Kettering

Northampton

SNorthamptonshire

Wellingborough

Milton Keynes Urban Area*

MK Rural*

MK into Aylesbury Vale*

Aylesbury Vale IA*

Aylesbury Urban Area*

Bedford/Kempston/NorthMarston Vale

Northern Marston Vale

Luton/Dunstable/H Regis

Total Hectares

IncidentalOpenspaceHectares2001/11

IncidentalOpenspaceHectares2011/21

MajorOpenspaceHectares2001/11

MajorOpenspaceHectares2011/21

OpenspaceTotal

LNRTotal

Hectares

GI/LATotal

Hectares

20

17

13

27

41

15

17

74

4

28

18

24

6

34

31

13

13

22

45

11

31

34

0

8

17

15

27

6

34

34

29

22

46

70

26

29

127

7

48

31

41

10

58

53

22

22

38

77

19

53

48

0

14

29

26

46

10

58

138

81

70

133

233

71

130

283

11

22

122

90

138

32

184

1738

36

21

18

35

61

19

34

73

3

6

32

24

36

8

48

454

174

102

88

168

294

90

164

356

14

28

154

114

174

40

232

2192

* to 2016

Openspace standardq Incidental Openspace - 1.4 hectares per 1000 populationq Major Openspace - 2.4 hectares per 1000 populationCalculations assume household figures in MKSM SRShave 2.3 people per household

Incidental Openspace is children’s play areas, small amenity areasMajor Openspace is neighbourhood, city or distr ict parksOpenspace does not include open countryside

Greenspace and

Openspace TargetsEnglish N ature has developed Accessible NaturalGreenspace Standards (ANGSt) for towns andcities and recommends that people living intowns and cities should haveq An accessible natural greenspace less than

300 metres (in a straight line) from homeq Statutor y Local Nature Reserves (LNRs)

provided at a minimum level of one ha perthousand people

q At least one accessible 20-hectare sitewithin 2km of home

q One accessible site within 5km of homeq One accessible site of 500 hectares

within 10km of home

The “1 hectare per 1000 people” standard hassince been adopted by the Audit Commission asa Quality of Life indicator and the greenspacestandards (but not those for LNRs) have alsobeen included as a benchmark in Governmentguidance on openspace strategies.

PPG17 Open Space, Spor t and Recreation, isaccompanied by a companion guide, “AssessingNeeds and Oppor tunit ies” . This providesguidance and interpretation of the PPG itself.Among the tools and techniques it recommendsare the English Nature Research repor t 526,Accessible Natural Green Space Standards:AReview and Toolkit .

An initial assessment of the current standard ofprovision was made in response the MKSM SRSconsultation, based upon the LNR standard andan openspace target being used in Derby.Theresults are shown below.



Northamptonshire Playing

Pitch Assessment 2002

Corby

Daventr yE Northamptonshire

Kettering

Northampton

SNorthamptonshire

Wellingborough

Total

S h o r t f a

l l / s u r p

l u s

o f a d u

l t

f o o

t b a l l p

i t c h e s

S h o r t f a

l l / s u r p

l u s o

f j u n

i o r

f o o

t b a l l p

i t c h e s

S h o r t f a l l

/ s u r p

l u s o

f

c r i c k e t p

i t c h e s

S h o r t f a l l

/ s u r p

l u s o

f

r u g

b y p

i t c h e s

S h o r t f a l l

/ s u r p

l u s o

f S y n

t h e

t i c

T u r f p

i t c h e s

f o r h o c k e y

S h o r t f a l l

/ s u r p

l u s o

f S y n

t h e

t i c

T u r f p

i t c h e s

f o r

h o c k e y

( i f a l l

t e a m s

p l a y e d i n t h e

i r h o m e

b a s e

)

T O T A L S H O R T

F A L L

9.2

27.79.9

11.8

28.7

45.3

23.6

156.2

-9.1

5.2-23.9

-24.8

-16.5

-27.4

-4.7

-101.2

-3.0

7.26.7

0.0

10.2

9.4

5.4

36.0

1.3

6.01.8

-1.5

-2.3

0.0

0.0

5.3

1.0

-1.5No data

-0.5

0.0

-2.3

-0.2

-3.5

-0.6

44.6-5.6

-15.0

20.2

25.1

24.1

1.4

1.2-0.1

-0.8

-5.2

0.9

0.2

35

Further infor mation on t he Playing Pitch Model and playing pitch assessments -

www.sportengland.org

A p p e n

d i x 4

Pitches required to meet demand on peak days

S p o r t E n g l a n d



This guide has been printed by SR Print Management Ltd. on 9lives 55 and is produced with 55%recycled fibre from bothpre- and post-consumer sources,together with 45%virgin ECF fibre from sustainable forests.

Published April 2005

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