Planning for Grassfed Success

Planning For Grassfed Planning For Grassfed SuccessSuccess

Allen Williams, Ph.D.Allen Williams, Ph.D.

LMC, LLCLMC, LLC

Grass-fed Beef : Budget for SuccessGrass-fed Beef : Budget for SuccessGetting StartedGetting Started– GeneticsGenetics– Principles of managed Grazing Principles of managed Grazing – Fencing / Watering SolutionsFencing / Watering Solutions– Winter ForageWinter Forage

FinancialsFinancials– Grazing vs Row Crop RentalGrazing vs Row Crop Rental– Cow/Calf vs Finishing Cow/Calf vs Finishing – 5 Year Cash Flow 5 Year Cash Flow

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What About The Grassfed Sector?What About The Grassfed Sector?

Mintel Red Meat Mintel Red Meat Report – 2012Report – 2012

In major US metro In major US metro areas – Grass fed areas – Grass fed beef accounted for beef accounted for between between 3% and 3% and 6%6% of all beef of all beef sales. sales.

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Grassfed Sector

Mintel Red Meat Report – 2012Mintel Red Meat Report – 2012– Importance On Scale of 1-10:Importance On Scale of 1-10:– Grass Fed – 7.2Grass Fed – 7.2– Impact on environment – 7.5Impact on environment – 7.5– Hormone/Antibiotic Free – 7.9Hormone/Antibiotic Free – 7.9– Taste – 8.7Taste – 8.7

43%43% had purchased “ had purchased “Grass FedGrass Fed” or ” or ““Locally Raised” beef in 2012. ” beef in 2012.

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Value of Grass Fed Beef Market

1998– 100+ serious grass fed beef producers– $4-$5 million retail value – Domestic– Industry in infancy– Thought of as “fad” – Little attention paid by larger programs and

packers, or even producers

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Value of Grass Fed Market

2013:– More than $2 billion sold in U.S.

$450 million domestic

$1.5 billion+ imported

– More than 3000 producers involved.– Growing @ 25-30% rate annually.– Has penetrated all major market sectors.– Major branded program and packer interest.

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Economic DataEconomic Data

University Studies and Farm/Ranch Case Study University Studies and Farm/Ranch Case Study data show:data show:– Takes average of Takes average of 0.8 – 1.2 acres 0.8 – 1.2 acres per head to finish per head to finish

steers. steers. – More than enough available acres to finish More than enough available acres to finish 30 30

million+million+ head annually in U.S. head annually in U.S.– Skilled grass finishers net Skilled grass finishers net $300 - $500+ $300 - $500+ per acre. per acre. – Build soil Build soil rather than deplete.rather than deplete.

Value of SOM is Value of SOM is $750/ac per 1.0%$750/ac per 1.0%. .

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Selecting Genetics for Selecting Genetics for Forage Based ProductionForage Based Production

Cow Herd AttributesCow Herd AttributesMust have great Must have great longevitylongevity

HighHigh fertilityfertility..

SoundSound feet & legsfeet & legs, , eyes, udder & teats, teetheyes, udder & teats, teeth..

Low to moderate milkLow to moderate milk

HighlyHighly adapted to their environmentadapted to their environment

Moderate frame (BIF Frame Score 3.0-5.0)Moderate frame (BIF Frame Score 3.0-5.0)– Bulls = 52 – 56 inchesBulls = 52 – 56 inches– Cows = 48 – 52 inchesCows = 48 – 52 inches

AdequateAdequate depth, thickness, and gut capacitydepth, thickness, and gut capacity. .

Bull Selection – What Are We Looking For?

“Viewed from behind, the fertile bullhas well sprung ribs, and the lowerrib region is the widest part of the body.”

J.C.B.

Cow Selection

“The animal that is reallyfunctionallyefficient has small, sleek and very shiny teats.”

J.C.B.

“The body of the highly fertile cow is in beautiful proportion; she looks feminine or broody. Seen from behind, the largest diameter of the body is the mid-rib region. She has a tremendous stomach capacity…” J.C.B.

Grass-fed Beef : Budget for SuccessGrass-fed Beef : Budget for SuccessEnvironmental Benefits of Holistic Environmental Benefits of Holistic ManagementManagement– Improve Soil HealthImprove Soil Health

– Reduce Erosion, Improve Water Reduce Erosion, Improve Water Retention Retention

– Improved Water QualityImproved Water Quality

– Improve Wildlife Habitat Improve Wildlife Habitat

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It All Starts With It All Starts With The Soil!!The Soil!!

The Soil is Alive!!The Soil is Alive!!

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90% of soil function is mediated by 90% of soil function is mediated by microbes. microbes.

Microbes depend on plants.Microbes depend on plants.

So, how we manage plants is critical. So, how we manage plants is critical.

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Plant growth & health highly correlated Plant growth & health highly correlated with how much life & what kind of life is in with how much life & what kind of life is in the soil!the soil!– Microbes Matter!!!Microbes Matter!!!– Microbial community structure crucial.Microbial community structure crucial.– Highly ImportantHighly Important

Fungi to Bacteria ratioFungi to Bacteria ratio

Predator to Prey ratioPredator to Prey ratio

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Optimum Soil HealthOptimum Soil HealthType of Organism Type of Organism number/acre lbs/acre number/acre lbs/acre

Bacteria Bacteria 800,000,000,000,000,000,000 800,000,000,000,000,000,000 2,600 2,600

Actinobacteria 20,000,000,000,000,000 Actinobacteria 20,000,000,000,000,000 1,3001,300

FungiFungi 200,000,000,000,000 200,000,000,000,000 2,6002,600

AlgaeAlgae 4,000,000,000 4,000,000,000 9090

ProtozoaProtozoa 2,000,000,000,000 2,000,000,000,000 9090

Nematodes 80,000,000Nematodes 80,000,000 4545

Earthworms 40,000Earthworms 40,000 445445

Insects /arthropods 8,160,000Insects /arthropods 8,160,000 830830Soil Food WebSoil Food Web

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Depleted Soil Depleted Soil Type of Organism Type of Organism lbs/acrelbs/acre

Bacteria Bacteria <500 <500

Actinobacteria Actinobacteria < 300< 300

FungiFungi < 1000 < 1000

AlgaeAlgae <90 to >200 <90 to >200

ProtozoaProtozoa <50 <50

Nematodes Nematodes >100 >100

Earthworms Earthworms <50 <50

Insects /arthropods Insects /arthropods <200 <200

Soil Food WebSoil Food Web

Role of MicrobesRole of Microbes

Produce Produce Glomalin – “Soil Glue”Glomalin – “Soil Glue”. . – Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)

Glomalin creates soil aggregates vital to nutrient Glomalin creates soil aggregates vital to nutrient exchange and water movement.exchange and water movement.

Reduces ponding and runoff.Reduces ponding and runoff.

Without underground “highways” created by glomalin, Without underground “highways” created by glomalin, crops require more fertilizer for same yields.crops require more fertilizer for same yields.

Slows down rate of water entering aggregate.Slows down rate of water entering aggregate.

Soil aggregates are soil carbon vault. Soil aggregates are soil carbon vault.

Stores carbon where slow-acting microbes live. Stores carbon where slow-acting microbes live.

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Additional RolesAdditional Roles

Fungal Hyphae:Fungal Hyphae:– Help Help create fine roots create fine roots

More efficient at grabbing nutrients.More efficient at grabbing nutrients.

Require less carbon as fuel (lower mpg).Require less carbon as fuel (lower mpg).

Unlock chemical bonds to release P, S, N. Unlock chemical bonds to release P, S, N.

Fungi take up P 6 X’s faster than root hairs.Fungi take up P 6 X’s faster than root hairs.

– Connect roots from different plantsConnect roots from different plants..Transfer N and other nutrients from legume nodule Transfer N and other nutrients from legume nodule to non-legume root. to non-legume root.

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10,000 – 50,000 10,000 – 50,000 microbe species in one microbe species in one gram of soil.gram of soil.

Nutrient cycling services worth up to Nutrient cycling services worth up to $20 $20 TrillionTrillion annually! annually!

World’s most valuable ecosystem!World’s most valuable ecosystem!

““Soil livestock” more numerous & diverse Soil livestock” more numerous & diverse than tropical rain forest species. than tropical rain forest species.

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BacteriaBacteria

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PseudomonasMycobacterium

Bacillus subtillisActinomycetes

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Mycorrhizal Fungi

ProtozoaProtozoa

Regulate bacterial populationsRegulate bacterial populations

Mineralize nutrientsMineralize nutrients

Release NH4+ (ammonium)Release NH4+ (ammonium)

Nutrient cyclingNutrient cycling

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NematodesNematodesFour Types of Free-living Four Types of Free-living nematodes:nematodes:– Bacterial FeedersBacterial Feeders– Fungal FeedersFungal Feeders– Predatory nematodesPredatory nematodes– OmnivoresOmnivores

Beneficial nematodes help Beneficial nematodes help control disease & cycle control disease & cycle nutrients.nutrients.

Stimulate prey populations.Stimulate prey populations.

Disperse microbes.Disperse microbes.

Food source – higher Food source – higher predators.predators.

Disease suppression & Disease suppression & Development.Development.

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Insects/ArthropodsInsects/Arthropods

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Mites

Sowbug

Mites

Beetles Ants

EarthwormsEarthworms

Functions:Functions:– Stimulate microbial Stimulate microbial

activity.activity.– Mix & aggregate soil.Mix & aggregate soil.– Increase infiltration.Increase infiltration.– Improve water holding Improve water holding

capacity.capacity.– Provide channels for Provide channels for

root growth.root growth.– Bury & shred plant Bury & shred plant

residue.residue.

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Building TopsoilBuilding Topsoil

Soil InsectsEarthworm Castings

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Nature’s Builders at WorkNature’s Builders at Work

The Value of Soil The Value of Soil Organic MatterOrganic Matter

Can we control runoff with OM?Can we control runoff with OM?

2% OM 2% OM will hold 32,000 gallons of waterwill hold 32,000 gallons of wateror or 21%21% of a rainfall. of a rainfall.



0.0009 0.029 0.04

0.86

2.79

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

ton

s s

oil lo

ss

/ac

re

Soil Erosion

Measured 2006

Measured 2007

Rusle2 computer prediction

Dairy cropping system

Row crop system

Conserving & Improving SoilConserving & Improving Soildata from Breneman Discovery Farms projectdata from Breneman Discovery Farms project

Sediment losses from Breneman

outwintering pastures

Courtesy of Laura Paine

Value of Soil Organic Matter Value of Soil Organic Matter (1.0% SOM Nutrients/Acre)(1.0% SOM Nutrients/Acre)

Nutrients Nutrient (Lbs)

Unit Value/lb

Value/Acre

Nitrogen 1000 $0.56 $560

Phosphorus 100 $0.67 $67

Potassium 100 $0.54 $54

Sulfur 100 $0.50 $50

Carbon 10000 $0.037 $20

Value of 1.0% SOM in Nutrients/Acre $751

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Source: J. Soil and Water Conserv. B. Hudson. 49 (2) 189-194 5.0% SOM = $3755

Strategies for Land Strategies for Land ImprovementImprovement

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Building SOM and Soil Microbial Populations Through:

Plant Species Diversity

Livestock Impact

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DiversityDiversity

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Monoculture

Diversity/Complexity

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Livestock Impact

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Constant ObservationConstant Observation

Where Do Majority Where Do Majority of Soil Microbes of Soil Microbes Live & Function?Live & Function?

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Microbe “Home” – Soil microbes live and function in root zone.

Pasture recovery is Pasture recovery is Critical!Critical!

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Rotational Grazing 101 Rotational Grazing 101

Planned Multi-Paddock GrazingPlanned Multi-Paddock Grazing

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Ranch road

Restoration Using Multi-Paddock Restoration Using Multi-Paddock Grazing – Noble FoundationGrazing – Noble Foundation

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Decrease drought impacts

% Leaf Volume Removed

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

% Root Growth Stoppage

0% 0% 0% 0%

2- 4% 50% 78% 100% 100%

Range Condition E x cellent Good Poor

15 DAYSRECOVERY

10 DAYSRECOVERY

5 DAYSRECOVERY

EXTENT OFGRAZING

PLANTSAT START

B

A

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High Density Grazing

Light, Continous Graze

Teaugue, et al. 2013

Manure DistributionManure Distribution

Manure DistributionManure Distribution

Rotation FrequencyRotation Frequency Years to Get 1 Pile/sq. Years to Get 1 Pile/sq. yardyard

ContinuousContinuous 2727

14 day14 day 88

4 day4 day 4 – 54 – 5

2 day2 day

1 time a day1 time a day

22

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Adaptive High Stock Density GrazingAdaptive High Stock Density Grazing

Moving the “Mob”Moving the “Mob”

Winter Bale GrazingWinter Bale Grazing

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Bale Grazing in Nova ScotiaBale Grazing in Nova Scotia

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Warm Season CocktailWarm Season Cocktail

Cool Season Cocktail Cool Season Cocktail

Before GrazingBefore Grazing

New MoveNew Move

Next MoveNext Move

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Winter Stockpile Grazing

Millet: 9% CP 50% TDNMillet: 9% CP 50% TDNSorghum/Sudan: 12% CP 72% Sorghum/Sudan: 12% CP 72%

TDNTDN

Hairy Vetch: 18% CP 70% TDNHairy Vetch: 18% CP 70% TDN

Radish: 14% CP 70% TDNRadish: 14% CP 70% TDN

Mississippi FarmMississippi Farm

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Implemented StrategyImplemented Strategy

Bale Grazing 1Bale Grazing 1stst winter. winter.

High Stock Density/Short Duration High Stock Density/Short Duration Grazing.Grazing.

Long rest periods.Long rest periods.

Strategic use of soil microbials. Strategic use of soil microbials.

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ProgressProgressTripled Stocking Rate.Tripled Stocking Rate.

Forage species increased from less than Forage species increased from less than 3-4 major species to more than 35. 3-4 major species to more than 35.

Soil OM increased from 1.5% to 4.3%.Soil OM increased from 1.5% to 4.3%.

Brix increased 400%+.Brix increased 400%+.

Water infiltration and retention increased.Water infiltration and retention increased.

Increase in earthworms, soil level insects, Increase in earthworms, soil level insects, pollinators, and wildlife. pollinators, and wildlife.

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Building Soil OMBuilding Soil OM

Mississippi – 1.0% - 4.2% (4 years)Mississippi – 1.0% - 4.2% (4 years)

New York – 1.5% - 4.1% (5 years)New York – 1.5% - 4.1% (5 years)

Kansas – 1.6% - 3.9% (5 years)Kansas – 1.6% - 3.9% (5 years)

Nebraska – 2.1% - 5.5% (6 years)Nebraska – 2.1% - 5.5% (6 years)

Michigan – 2.2% - 6.1% (6 years)Michigan – 2.2% - 6.1% (6 years)

Wisconsin – 2.3% - 5.0% (4 years)Wisconsin – 2.3% - 5.0% (4 years)

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0.0009 0.029 0.04

0.86

2.79

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

ton

s s

oil lo

ss

/ac

re

Soil Erosion

Measured 2006

Measured 2007

Rusle2 computer prediction

Dairy cropping system

Row crop system

Conserving & Improving SoilConserving & Improving Soildata from Breneman Discovery Farms projectdata from Breneman Discovery Farms project

Sediment losses from Breneman

outwintering pastures

Courtesy of Laura Paine

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Soil TemperatureSoil Temperature

Soil TemperaturesSoil Temperatures

140 degrees - soil bacteria die.

130 degrees - 100% moisture lost through evaporation and transpiration.

100 degrees - 15% moisture used for growth, 85% moisture lost through evaporation and transpiration.

70 degrees - 90%+ moisture used for growth.

IMPACT OF TEMPERATURE ON SOIL ACTIVITY

IMPACT OF TEMPERATURE ON SOIL ACTIVITY

Courtesy of Dr. Allen Williams

Soil CompactionSoil CompactionCrop Location Control Trt 1 Trt 2

Potatoes Minnesota 8.81 7.69 NA

Organic Corn Minnesota 7.4 5.5 NA

Forages Mississippi 14.33 10.42 11.40

Corn Mississippi 9.92 5.98 7.80

Soybeans Mississippi 6.22 2.59 2.48

Forages Missouri 11 8.08 7.67

Forages Montana 9.33 8.67 NA

Forages Montana 14.28 10.44 NA

Wheat Montana 10.5 8.67 NA

Wheat Montana 4.06 2.44 NA

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Forage Dry Matter Forage Dry Matter Crop Location Control Trt 1 Trt 2

Forage Virginia 2265 3372 3381

Alfalfa Montana 2550 3242 NA

Alfalfa Nebraska 3557 4192 NA

Native Grass Nebraska 4290 5002 NA

Forage Louisiana 2376 3859 3246

Forage Alabama 2430 2650 NA

Forage Pennsylvania 2650 4550 NA

Alfalfa Mich State 1813 2424 2335

Forage Alabama 4547 7480 NA

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Forage BrixForage BrixCrop Location Control Trt 1 Trt 2

Forage Virginia 4.25 7.43 5.75

Alfalfa Montana 6.68 10.12 10.56

Native Grass Montana 5.28 7.28 NA

Alfalfa Nebraska 7.75 11.22 12.13

Native Grass Nebraska 4.31 6.78 7.54

Forage Louisiana 3.75 5.00 7.50

Forage Alabama 3.25 5.13 NA

Forage Pennsylvania 10.75 14.00 NA

Sorghum Kentucky 3.75 5.00 NA

Forage Missouri 4.41 6.25 6.63

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BRIXBRIXHigher Brix – Result of improving SOM Higher Brix – Result of improving SOM and soil microbial populations. and soil microbial populations.

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What is Brix?What is Brix?

Dissolved plant solids include Dissolved plant solids include sugarssugars (such a sucrose and fructans), (such a sucrose and fructans), mineralsminerals, , amino acidsamino acids, , proteinsproteins, , lipidslipids and and pectinspectins..

About About 50-80%50-80% of the Brix measurement of the Brix measurement represents plant sugars, with the represents plant sugars, with the remaining portion representing the other remaining portion representing the other plant solids. plant solids.

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What is a Refractometer?What is a Refractometer?

A simple optical A simple optical instrument that instrument that measures that measures that amount of light amount of light refracted in a liquid.refracted in a liquid.

Standard piece of Standard piece of equipment for many equipment for many agronomists and agronomists and commonly used in the commonly used in the fruit and vegetable fruit and vegetable industries. industries.

Digital

Optical

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Forage Poor Avg Good Excellent

Alfalfa 4 8 16 22

Ryegrass 6 10 14 18

Sorghum 6 10 22 30

Fescue 2 4 7 12

Bermuda 2 4 6 8

Brix Index of Common Forages

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Effects of Stage of Maturity on Pasture CompositionEffects of Stage of Maturity on Pasture Composition

3 Lignin 7

Cellulose

Hemicellulose

14

18

30

23Minerals12

5

SugarsSugars

1010

2525

10

3

Lipid

33 Protein

7

Early Maturity Late MaturityMid Maturity

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Effects of Stage of Maturity on Pasture CompositionEffects of Stage of Maturity on Pasture Composition

3 Lignin 7

Cellulose

Hemicellulose

14

18

30

23Minerals12

5

SugarsSugars

1010

2525

10

3

Lipid

33 Protein

7

Early Maturity Late MaturityMid Maturity

Sweet Spot

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Why High Brix in Forages?Why High Brix in Forages?Research shows that High Brix forages increase animal gains and milk production. High Brix Forages also are more drought resistant, freeze tolerant, and more resistant to plant disease and pests

– (Moorby, 2001). – (Moller, 1996).– (Downing & Gamroth, 2007;

Miller, et al, 1999). – (Allison, 2007).– (McKenzie, 2007).

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Benefits of High BrixBenefits of High Brix

More More SugarsSugars, , mineralsminerals, and , and proteinsproteins – Less water – Less water

Forages and crops will taste Forages and crops will taste “sweeter”“sweeter” and be more nutrient and be more nutrient densedense

Enhanced Enhanced aromaaroma

Indication of Indication of nutrient uptakenutrient uptake

Helps plants Helps plants resist disease resist disease and insect infestationand insect infestation

Stored Forages & Crops – Stored Forages & Crops – Longer “shelf” lifeLonger “shelf” life, better , better nutritional values, better flavor nutritional values, better flavor characteristicscharacteristics

Brix AdvantageBrix Advantage

Brix 5.0% or less = ADG in low 1’s.Brix 5.0% or less = ADG in low 1’s.

Brix 8-12% = ADG in low to mid-2’s.Brix 8-12% = ADG in low to mid-2’s.

Brix 12 – 15% = ADG in mid-high 2’s.Brix 12 – 15% = ADG in mid-high 2’s.

Brix > 15% = ADG in high 2’s to 3’s. Brix > 15% = ADG in high 2’s to 3’s.

Every 1.0% increase in Brix adds 0.1 Every 1.0% increase in Brix adds 0.1 to 0.3 ADG. to 0.3 ADG.

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Important Grazing TipsImportant Grazing Tips

Know DM availability and allow 3.0% - 3.5% Know DM availability and allow 3.0% - 3.5% daily.daily.

Take no more than 30% available DM.Take no more than 30% available DM.

Move forward rapidly to not allow too many bites Move forward rapidly to not allow too many bites of the same plant.of the same plant.

Know the brix content.Know the brix content.

Turn into new paddocks in early to mid-Turn into new paddocks in early to mid-afternoon (peak brix or plant sugars). afternoon (peak brix or plant sugars).

Stage of forage maturity critical – Mid-stage to Stage of forage maturity critical – Mid-stage to slightly beyond… slightly beyond…

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EquipmentEquipment

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Fencing 101Fencing 101

Invest in good fencing solutionsInvest in good fencing solutions

Build to suit your needs with the Build to suit your needs with the future in mindfuture in mind

FencingFencing

Photo by Bev Henkel, Norfolk

What kind of fence is best ?What kind of fence is best ?

Key ConsiderationsKey Considerations

– Plan with the end game in mindPlan with the end game in mind

– Budget and phase if neededBudget and phase if needed

– Terrain (hills, woods, streams)Terrain (hills, woods, streams)

– Cattle TypeCattle Type

– Feed AvailabilityFeed Availability

Fencing, Fencing, Fencing..Fencing, Fencing, Fencing..

Water ManagementWater Management

Don’t let water be limiting factor in Don’t let water be limiting factor in finishing.finishing.

Gains will be limited if cattle have to walk Gains will be limited if cattle have to walk too far to water or if water source is poor.too far to water or if water source is poor.

For optimum finishing – water available in For optimum finishing – water available in each paddock. each paddock.

Different for cows. Different for cows.

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Water ManagementWater Management

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Livestock pipeline installation.Livestock pipeline installation.

Quick Couplers.Quick Couplers.

Easy and Simple.Easy and Simple.

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Degree of Finish

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What is “Finished” Animal?What is “Finished” Animal?

ToplineTailhead

RibsBrisket

FlankHeat Girth

Brisket

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Fat Pones

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Actual Gain Data - FinishingActual Gain Data - Finishing

No. Head Sex Forage Type DTF ADG

85 S Warm Season Perennials 145 2.39

168 S Warm Season Annuals – Cocktail Mix

120 2.65

125 H Cool Season Annuals – Cocktail Mix

125 2.77

132 S Cool Season Annuals – Ryegrass/Oats/Clover

155 2.25

175 S Cool Season Annuals – Cocktail Mix

145 2.67

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Actual Carcass Performance

No Head HCWT DP % Choice+ % Select % NRs

42 718 59.5 63 37 0

40 697 59.2 84 16 0

39 702 58.7 92 8 0

41 685 58.4 82 17 1

40 713 59.8 77 23 0

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Why is Finish Important??Why is Finish Important??

What is the Target?What is the Target?

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High Quality Raw Product Equals…High Quality Raw Product Equals…

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High Quality Eating ExperienceHigh Quality Eating Experience

Finding the Trainers Resource Finding the Trainers Resource GuideGuide

www.farmbiztrainer.com

Also at USDA National Ag Library Also at USDA National Ag Library www.start2farm.gov

www.wallacecenter.org/pastureproject www.wallacecenter.org/pastureproject

Contact us:Contact us:Through the websitesThrough the websitesGary Matteson, Joe Colyn, Allen WilliamsGary Matteson, Joe Colyn, Allen Williams

Grass Fed ExchangeGrass Fed Exchange

– www.grassfedexchange.com

– 2014 Annual Conference2014 Annual Conference

– July 30 – August 1 – Columbia, MOJuly 30 – August 1 – Columbia, MO

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Economic Analysis Economic Analysis SpreadsheetSpreadsheet

http://www.wallacecenter.org/http://www.wallacecenter.org/resourcelibrary/-grassfed-beef-resourcelibrary/-grassfed-beef-financial-calculatorsfinancial-calculators

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Building for Future Building for Future GenerationsGenerations

Thank You!!!Thank You!!!

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Planning for Grassfed Success

Education

Transcript of Planning for Grassfed Success