Pitched Black

8/20/2019 Pitched Black

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pitched-black 1/44

Department of Visual Cultures Examiner Assignment Report

Student Number:

Degree Programme: MA AVC / MA CAT /MAGA / MARA / Mres AH

Course:

Assignment title:

Assessment:

Mark 0-49% 50-59% 60-69% 70-79% 80-100%

Descriptor F: Fail C: Pass B: MeritThreshold

A: Excellent A+ : Exceptional

Structure [] [] [] [] []

Clarity of Argument [] [] [] [] []

Use of sources [] [] [] [] []

Style and Presentation [] [] [] [] []

Referencing and Bibliography [] [] [] [] []

Additional Comments

Date: Tutor’s name:

Tutor’s signature:



Visual Cultures Department, Goldsmiths

Cover Sheet for Examined Work 2013-2014

DISSERTATION ONLY Tick this box if you do NOT want your dissertation to

be added to the Departmental Library.

During the course of the year you will be submitting work for assessment. You are reminded that all

work submitted, as part of the requirements for any assessment of the University of London must be

expressed in your own words and incorporate your own ideas and judgements. Each time you submit,

you will be required to sign to confirm that you have read and understood the following. Plagiarism –

this is, the presentation of another person’s thoughts or words as though they were your own – must be

avoided, with particular care in course-work and essays and reports written in your own time. Direct

quotations from the published or unpublished work of others must always be clearly identified as such

by being placed inside quotation marks, and a full reference to their source must be provided in theproper form. Remember that a series of short quotations from several different sources, if not clearly

identified as such, constitutes plagiarism just as much as a single unacknowledged long quotation from

a single source. ‘Unconscious plagiarism’ or ‘unintentional plagiarism’ – including an unattributed

quotation in your essay is as much an assessment offence as deliberate plagiarism and will be dealt

with in the same way as any other assessment offence. Equally, if you summarise another person’s

ideas or judgements, you must refer to that person in your text, and include the work referred to in your

bibliography. Unless specifically agreed and deemed as a collaborative project by all parties sharing

work with other students will be regarded as plagiarism on the part of both the recipient and the

originator. Failure to observe these rules may result in an allegation of cheating. You should therefore

consult your tutor or course director if you are in any doubt about what is permissible. Recourse to the

services of ‘ghost-writing’ agencies (for example in the preparation of essays or reports is strictly

forbidden, and students who make use of the services of such agencies render themselves liable for an

academic penalty. Professional word-processing services, which offer ‘correction or improvement ofEnglish’, should not be used You should be aware that your work may be submitted to JISC or other

Student number: 3305183503

Programme: (i.e. BA

History of Art etc.)

MA AURAL & VISUAL CULTURES

Course title & code: VOCALITIES VC71007A

Course/ dissertation

tutor

MARK FISHER

Title of

Essay/Dissertation:

1. PITCH[ED] BLACK: VOICE AND THE ELUCIDATION OF NOTHINGNESS

2.

3.

Date

4 SEPTEMBER 2014

Number of Pieces

(please circle) 1



available electronic tools for detection in accordance with definitions listed in the Assessment

regulations. IF IT IS PROVED THAT YOU HAVE PLAGIARISED AT THE VERY LEAST

YOU WILL RECEIVE A MARK OF ZERO.

You are reminded that you may not present substantially the same material in any two pieces of work

submitted for assessment, regardless of the form of assessment. For instance, you may not repeat

substantially the same material in a formal written examination or in a dissertation if it has alreadyformed part of an essay submitted for assessment. This does not prevent you referring to the same

texts; examples or case studies as appropriate, provided you do not merely duplicate the same material.

I acknowledge that I have read the above and I understand that any form of plagiarism is an

infringement of University Regulations and that all sources must be correctly acknowledged and

referenced. I understand that all course work and essays will be entirely my own work.

I also understand that by signing below I am indicating my agreement for my personal data to be used

by the JISC service for the purposes and according to the processes outlined in the Assessments

Handbook. If under Goldsmiths existing Intellectual Property Rights policies I am the rights holder for

the academic work I submit during my course of studies, I am signing to indicate my permission for an

electronic copy of my work to be held on a database and used for the purposes outlined in the

Assessments Handbook.

Since, for reasons of anonymity, we cannot ask you to sign this form, you should notethat by completing and submitting it you are certifying that the content of the attached

essay/dissertation is your own work



!"#$%&'() +,-$./ 01"$' -2( #%' 3,4$"(-#"12 15 61#%"272'889

"#$% &%%'( )$** &+,*-.& /#& .&*'/$-0%#$, 1&/)&&0 2'.30&%% '02 4-$5&6 7-&% /#&

4-$5& 8'02 0-/#$09 :-.&; *&'4& 1&#$02 /#& %5'*& -< )#'/ $% ,-%%$1*& $0 -.2$0'.(

#=:'0 *$<&> "#& )-.*2 1&(-02 /#& %5'*& -< #=:'0 *$<& $% -</&0 .&'2 '% 2'.30&%%?

-. 1*'530&%%? ' 0&/#&.)-.*2 -< 5#'-%? -=. #=:'0 .&%,-0%& /- )#$5# $% -</&0 2&&,

'0+$&/(6 @#'/ -,,-./=0$/$&% :$9#/ .&0&9-/$'/$09 /#& .&*'/$-0%#$, -< /#& 4-$5&

)$/# /#& 0-0A#=:'0 -<<&. <-. .&5-0%$2&.$09 /#& 4-$5& $0 .&*'/$-0 /-

5-0/&:,-.'.( B*'53 C/=2$&%> D=. :'$0 E=&%/$-0% )$** =0$E=&*( /.$'09=*'/&

F*'2&0 7-*'.G% &+':$0'/$-0 -< 4-$5&? )$/# $2&'% .'$%&2 1( 5=*/=.'* /#&-.$%/

H=9&0& "#'53&. $0 #$% %/=2$&% -< 2'.30&%% '02 :&2$'/$-0? '02 .&5&0/ %/=2$&% -<

1*'530&%% 1( I.'03 @$*2&.%-0 '02 I.&2 F-/&06 J 5-04&.9&05& -< 5-05&,/% -<

4-$5&? 5-05&,/% -< 2'.30&%%? '02 5-05&,/% -< 1*'530&%% )$** .&4&'* /#& 2&9.&& /-

)#$5# /#&( 5'0 '** K 2'.30&%%? 4-$5&? '02 1*'530&%% A 1& .&'2 '% ' %/=2( -<

0-/#$090&%%? '% /#& :&2$'/$-0 -< /#'/ )#$5# 5'00-/ 1& :&2$'/&2? '02 '% '

,.-1*&:'/$5 .&*'/$-0 /- /#& -/#&.6 @#'/ -,,-./=0$/$&% :$9#/ .&0&9-/$'/$09 /#&

.&*'/$-0%#$, -< /#& 4-$5& )$/# /#& 0-0A#=:'0 -<<&. <-. .&5-0%$2&.$09 /#& 4-$5& $0

.&*'/$-0 /- 5-0/&:,-.'.( B*'53 C/=2$&%>

Voice is frequently and mistakenly understood as exemplifying the authentic self, the

mediator par excellence, and we will visit this idea in order to flesh out the naturalised

power relations extant in contemporary comprehensions of voice to reveal how the

how we are all complicit in constructing, maintaining and disciplining race through

voice. Listening practices are explored in order to mine the sonic colour-line - what

we hear is not necessarily about the sound; rather, it is about what we believe to be

sounded. We will note how darkness can be communicated through silence, which

will draw us into the terrain of horror and the non-human. Questions of

communication and mediation will allow us to ask whether the concept of ‘object

voice’ in psychoanalysis can reveal new identities, and new tangents will be drawn

from this in relation to current ideas in Black Studies scholarship. In conclusion, the

preoccupation with blackness as exterior to civil society will be productively mapped

against the thought of psychoanalyst James Hillman. Hillman postulates that the



problem with psychoanalysis is analysis itself, offering new trajectories for an

emancipatory project that ask, to what extent can voice can be utilized in a

reconsideration of blackness and the citizen?

:;<6=>6? =@AB63::

C-=02 -,&.'/&% 0-/ -0*( /#.-=9# /$:&? 1=/ '*%- $0 %,'5&6 @#'/ $% %-=02> L/ $% '$.

/#.-=9# )#$5# %-=02 )'4&% ME=$4&.? -%5$**'/&? '02 .&'5#6N C-=02 )'4&% '.&

4$1.'/$-0%6 "#& /&.: 4$1.'/$-0 $% =%&2 /- 2&%5.$1& :=*/$,*& -%5$**'/$-0%

#',,&0$09 '** '/ -05&? ' M5-:,*&+ -< -%5$**'/$-0% '** /'3&0 /-9&/#&.6N 8F'.5=%

B&'*&? OPPO; J** :'//&. $% 4$1.'/$096 L/ #'% 1&&0 2&:-0%/.'/&2 /#'/ '% )& *--3

5*-%&*( '/ %-*$2 -1Q&5/%? )& %&& ' 0=:1&. -< %(%/&:% -< 4$1.'/$-0R :-*&5=*&%?

'/-:%? '02 %=1A'/-:$5 ,'./$5*&% A '/ &'5# &+/.&:& -< %5'*& %-*$2$/( 2$%',,&'.%

$0/- ME=$4&.$09 %,'5&6N L/ $% '/ /#& %5'*& -< /#& #=:'0 /#'/? /- =%? -1Q&5/% ',,&'.

%-*$2 '02 =05#'09$096 C-=02 9$4&% <-.: /- '$. /#.-=9# )'4&%? )#$5# /.'0%:$/

&0&.9( -4&. %,'5& '02 .&*'/&% /- /#& %5'*& -< /#& #=:'0 1-2(? G<-.:$09G /#& %,'5&

/#'/ $/ /.'4&.%&%6 B&'*& 2&%5.$1&% %-=02 '% M ,'./ -< /#& $0<-.:'/$-0 -< /#& '$. '02

-=. $0/&.<'5& )$/# $/6N @& #&'. .-=02 5-.0&.%? #& %'(%? '02 <.-: /#'/ *&'.0 )#'/

)& '.& '1-=/ /- &05-=0/&. '% )&** '% )#&.& )& '.& 0-)6 C,'5& $% ' 3&( ,'./ -<

-=. %-0$5 &+,&.$&05&6 7'.30&%% 5-00-/&% 1-/# %,'5& '02 0- %,'5&6 @#&0 )& ,&&.

$0/- /#& 2'.30&%%? )& <'5& ' .&-.2&.$09 -< /#& %&0%&%6 7'.30&%% 5'0 1& .&'2 '%

*$:$/*&%% %,'5&? -. %,'5& )$/# 0- *$:$/S 2'.30&%% $% %,'/$'*? '02 %,'5& '02 %-=02

'.& .&*'/&2? 1&5'=%& %-=02 0&&2% %,'5& /- :-4& '02 :'/&.$'*$%&6 T&.#',% $/ $%

/#$% ,-/&0/$'* <-. =0:&'%=.'1*& %,'5&? /#& 1-=02*&%% 4-$2 -< <'/#-:*&%% 2&,/#%

/#'/ $% '/ /#& .--/ -< /#& #=:'0 '0+$&/( '.-=02 2'.30&%%6 I-. <$.%/? '55-.2$09 /-

U&%$-2? /#& V.&&3 ,-&/? /#&.& )'% W#'-%? M)#-%& B$./# -< /#& V-2% $0 /#& &$9#/#

5&0/=.( BW 1&9'0 /#& 2$4$0& 9&0&'*-9(6N W#'-%? /#& (')0$09 J1(%%6 I.-: W#'-%?

5-:&% V'$' 8H'./#;? "'./'.=% 8/#& X02&.)-.*2;? '02 H.-% 8*-4&;6 87'4$2%-0?

OPPYR Z; "#&%& $:'9&% #'4& %/'(&2 )$/# =% -4&. 5&0/=.$&%? '02 #'4&

=02&.).$//&0 -=. 5-:,.&#&0%$-0 -< /#& @&%/&.0 )-.*26 "-2'(? 2- )& &04$%'9&

U&%$-2G% ,.$:-.2$'* W#'-% '% 2'.3? &:,/( '02 %$*&0/? -. $0 /#& :-2&.0 %&0%& -<

/#& )-.2? '% 5-0<=%$-0? 2$%.=,/$-0? '02 2$%-.2&.> @& 5'0 =02&.%/'02 2'.30&%% $0

:'0( )'(%6 L0 /#& @&%/? [=2&-AW#.$%/$'0 5-04&0/$-0% 5-::-0*( <-.: 2'.30&%%



$0 -,,-%$/$-0 /- *$9#/? )$/# 2'.30&%% 5#'.'5/&.$\&2 $0 0&9'/$4& /&.:% %=5# '%

%#'2-)? -. '1(%%6 7'.30&%% 2$%,*'(% '0 '1=02'05& -< 0&9'/$4& /#$03$09? -<

M2-=1/ '02 %=%,$5$-0? =02-$09? '02 4'*=&*&%%0&%%6N 8U$**:'0? ]^^ZR Y; D0&G%

=02&.)-.*2 1&$09 $% 1*'536 8U$**:'0? ]^Z^R __; "#& 0&9'/$4$/( -< 2'.30&%% $%5#'.'5/&.$%&2 '% ' 4$%='* -. :&/',#(%$5'* ,.-1*&: '02 -=. *'09='9& '02 -=.

5=*/=.& '.& %=<<=%&2 )$/# ,-%$/$4& $:'9&% -< )#$/&0&%%6 `$9#/? -. )#$/& %/'02% $0

<-. /#& #&'4&0*( <'/#&.? $00-5&05&? 2$4$0$/(? ,=.$/( -. %,$.$/='* 0-=.$%#:&0/?

)#$*& 2'.30&%%? /- /#$% 2'(? 5-00-/&% 2$./(? 5#'-%? 2$%-.2&.? %$0$%/&.? 2&5'(?

0-/#$090&%%? <-=*? -. -1%5=.$/(? %'(% U$**:'0 8]^^ZR a;6 L0 2'.30&%%? )& <&&*

4=*0&.'1*&? 1&0$9#/&2 A -0& $% '*-0&6 7'.30&%% &+/$09=$%#&% /#& ,&.5&,/='*

5-*-=.&2 7'( )-.2? )#$*& b$9#/ ,*'(% #-%/ /- /#& 9#'%/*(? 2&:-0$5 '02/.&'5#&.-=%6 U=09.( %,$.$/%? &4$* '%%'%%$0%? %0'.*$09 )$/5#&% -. )$53&2 5#$*2A

%0'/5#&.% '.& $:'9$0&2 /- 1& *=.3$096

"#& *$03 1&/)&&0 2'.30&%% '02 0$9#/ #'% 1&&0 )&** -1%&.4&26 L0 &'.*$&%/

5#$*2#--2 )& /&02 /- <&'. 0':&*&%% /&..-.% /#'/ -0*( 5-:& $0 /#& 0$9#/6 "#&

1-9&(:'0 $% &/5#&2 $0/- /#& (-=09 :$02% -< 5#$*2.&0 /#& )-.*2 -4&. $0 -0& <-.:

-. '0-/#&.? '02 $% <.&E=&0/*( $:'9$0&2 M'% ' %$09*&? '0-:'*-=% -=/%$2&.?N %'(%

F'.$0' @'.0&.? 9$4$09 &+':,*&% /#'/ $05*=2& /#& %-*$/'.( W(5*-,% $0 #$% 5'4&? -.

/#& *-0& )$/5# $0 #&. 9$09&.1.&'2 #-=%&6 8@'.0&.? ]^^YR OY; L0 #$% %/=2( -<

0$9#//$:&? J6 c-9&. H3$.5# #'% ,-%/=*'/&2 /#'/ /#& M'*/&.0'/& .&$90N -< 2'.30&%%

'/ 0$9#//$:& M&+,'02% '02 $0/&0%$<$&% /#.&'/% /- 1-2( '02 %-=*6N V-2G% <$.%/ '5/ -<

5.&'/$-0 )'% /#& 9$</ -< *$9#/? .&%5=$09 /#& )-.*2 <.-: /#& 2-:'$0 -< 5#'-%6

H3$.5# )'.0% =% /#'/ $0 /#& W#.$%/$'0 /.'2$/$-0? M/#-%& 2&0$&2 &0/.( /- /#& *$9#/ -<

V-2 ',,&'. '</&. 2'.36N 8OPP_R ]^;6 c&Q&5/$09 /#& *$9#/ -< V-2G% )-.2 /#& %,$.$/ -<

/#& 2&4$* )'% &:1-*2&0&2 1( 0$9#/? '02 #$% ,-)&.% $05.&'%&26 L0 /#& %#'2&% -<

/#& X02&.)-.*2? 1*'53 )'% /#& 5-*-=. 9$4&0 /- /#& $0#'1$/'0/% -< %,'5&%

=02&.9.-=02? /#& 5-*-=. -< /#& 4$5/$:% -<<&.&2 /- /#&:? '02 -< /#& :-=.0$09

9'.:&0/% )-.0 $0 /#&$. #-0-=.? %'(% [':&% U$**:'06 8]^Z^R ]a_; "#& 2&4$*

&:1.'5&2 /#& 2'.3? '02? M0'/=.'**( 2'.3 $0 5-*-=.? C'/'0 '%%=:&2 ' .'09& -<

5*&4&. 2$%9=$%&%? -</&0 '2-,/$09 /#& *$3&0&%% -< ' 1*'53 2-9 -. 5.-)6N 8H3$.5#?

OPP_R ]_; L0 H09*'02? /#& /&.: d1*'53A:'0G $% 0- *-09&. =%&2 /- 2&%5.$1& '

1-9&(:'0 '% $/ )'% $0 F$22*& H09*$%#S #-)&4&.? %/$** /-2'( /#& 5-5- $0 C,'$0 $%



$:'9$0&2 '% ' 1*'53 2&4$*? '02 $0 L/'*( /#& 2&4$* $% 0':&2 *G-:- 0&.-6 8@'.0&.?

]^^YR O_; B*'530&%% $% 2'.30&%%6 7'.30&%%? <&'.? '02 1*'530&%% '.& %&&:$09*(

$0/&.*$03&26

:CA<DD>6? CE3 +F@GB F<A3

L0 /#& '1%&05& -< *$9#/? ' ,*&/#-.' -< <-.&$90 %-=02% %&&: /- 1& <-.&9.-=02&26

@#&.& $0 /#& :$22'( %=0 *&'4&% .=%/*&2 '02 1-=9#% 5.&'3&2? 1( 2=%3 ' 2$./$&.

,'*&//& -< )#$%,&.%? %$9#%? '02 9.-'0% 5-:1$0& /- ,.-2=5& ' 5#$**$09 5'5-,#-0(6

"#'/ )#$5# )& )&.& '1*& /- 5-:,.&#&02 '% %)&&/ :&*-2( 2=.$09 /#& *$9#/ -< 2'(

1&5-:&% '..&%/$09? %3$0 ,.$53*$09? /#.&'/&0$09 0-$%& 1( 0$9#/6 "#& E=&%/$-0? M@#-&'/%? '02 )#- 9&/% &'/&0>N *--:% /- <=..-) /#& 1.-)6 8@'.0&.? ]^^YR ]_; "#&

5#/#-0$5 %#'2-)% -< /#& X02&.)-.*2 #'4& 1&&0 ' %-=.5& -< <'%5$0'/$-0 <-.

:$**&00$'6 b-/ /#& V-22&%%A5&0/.&2 &'./#(? 0=./=.$09 5#/#-0$5 E='*$/$&% -<

7&:&/&.? 1=/ /#& 5-*2? 2&'2? 1*'53&0&2 '02 *$<&*&%% E='*$/$&% -< 0$9#//$:&? -<

2&'/#? '02 /#& #-..-. -< 0$9#/:'.&%6 F'=.$5& B*'05#-/G% .&'2$09 -< /#& V.&&3

:(/# D.,#&=% ,-./.'(% /#& :-:&0/ )#&0 D.,#&=%? #'4$09 :-4&2 /#& V-2% )$/#

#$% :-=.0<=* :=%$5 =,-0 <$02$09 #$% )$<& H=.(2$5& 2&'2 <.-: /#& 1$/& -< '

%&.,&0/? $% '**-)&2 /- /.'4&* /- /#& =02&.)-.*2 /- .&/.$&4& #&.? -0 /#& 5-02$/$-0

/#'/ #& :=%/ )'*3 $0 <.-0/ -< #&. '02 0-/ *--3 1'53 =0/$* 1-/# #& '02 H=.(2$5&

'.& $0 /#& =,,&. )-.*26 U-*2$09 /#& #'02 -< H=.(2$5& '% /#&( *&'4&? D.,#&=%

5-:&% /- /#& &0/.'05& /- /#& =,,&. )-.*2 )#&.&? %/'02$09 1&/)&&0 7'( '02

b$9#/? 1&/)&&0 *$9#/ 8'1-4&; '02 2'.30&%% 81&*-);? #& $% 5-:,&**&2 /- %/-, '02

*--3 1'536 J/ /#$% ,$4-/'* :-:&0/ $0 :'0( /&**$09% -< /#& :(/#? D.,#&=% $%

2&%5.$1&2 '% /=.0$09 '0+$-=%*( 1'53 /- *--3 '/ H=.(2$5&? =0'1*& /- 3&&, #$% &(&%

<.-: #&.? )#&.&=,-0 %#& $% *-%/ /- #$: <-.&4&.6 e&/? $0 B*'05#-/G% 4&.%$-0 )& %&&

D.,#&=% 0-/ '0+$-=%*( /=.0$09 1'53 /- *--3 '/ H=.(2$5&? 1=/ /- 9'\& ,'%/ #&. $0

<'%5$0'/$-0 /- *--3 -0& *'%/ /$:& '/ /#& <'/#-:*&%%? *'1(.$0/#$0& 2&,/#% -< /#&

2'.3 4-$2? /#& 1*'530&%% '02 0-/#$090&%% #& $% '//&:,/$09 /- *&'4& 1&#$026 I-.

B*'05#-/? )#'/ D.,#&=% .&'**( )'0/% $% M/#& 0$9#/ '/ /#& #&'./ -< /#& 0$9#/? /#&

-/#&. 0$9#/? )#-%& <'5& $% &/&.0'**( /=.0&2 ')'(6 U& )'0/% 2&'/# $0 $/% <=**

'1%&05& '02 2&'/#0&%%6N 8F5W'./#(? OP]OR fZ; L0 /#$% 4&.%$-0 -< /#& :(/#?

2'.30&%% $% ,'*,'1*&S ' /#$53? 5*-($09? '02 '**=.$09 1*'530&%% /#'/ D.,#&=% $%



1'.&*( '1*& /- /&'. #$:%&*< ')'( <.-:? ' 2'.30&%% :-.& <'%5$0'/$09 /#'0 /#&

'.:-=. -< *$9#/? '02 :-.& 5-:,&**$09 /#'0 /#& *$9#/ -< #-,& $0 #$% )$<&G% &(&%6 @&

5'0 2&/&5/ '0 '//.'5/$-0 /-)'.2 2'.30&%% /#'/ -4&..$2&% '0+$&/( -. .&%,-0%$1$*$/(6

7'.30&%% $0/&..=,/% 5-04&0/$-0% -< /$:& '02 <-%/&.% 0-0A*$0&'. )'(% -< /#$03$09S2'.30&%% 5',/$4'/&%6

"#& :-2&.0 :&2$' /.-,& -< 5',/$4'/$09 '=2$&05&% /#.-=9# /#& =%& -< ' :'*$90

2'.30&%% $% =1$E=$/-=% /-2'(? <.-: *$/&.'/=.& '02 <$*: /- 9':$096 "#& :-2&* -<

5-..&5/0&%% .&%/% =,-0 /#& $0/&.,*'( 1&/)&&0 *$9#/ '02 2'.3? F'.$0' @'.0&.

'24$%&%6 8]^^YR f; F-.'* /'*&% '.& '05$&0/ 1=/ '55-.2$09 /- @'.0&.? $/ $% %$05& /#&

&$9#/&&0/# 5&0/=.( /#'/ 2'.3 /#&:&%? %=5# '% 2':0'/$-0 -. $0<'0/$5$2&? #'4&

<$*/&.&2 $0/- ,-,=*'. 5=*/=.& $0 /#& <-.: -< V-/#$5 &0/&./'$0:&0/ $0 4'.$-=%

9&0.&%6 B-/# '2=*/% '02 5#$*2.&0? %#& %'(%? <-=02 /#&$. 2-=1*& .&<*&5/&2 $0 *$9#/

&0/&./'$0:&0/ %=5# '% %-09% '02 %/-.$&%6 L0 5-0/&:,*'/$09 /#&%& 9.$%*( /'*&%?

,&-,*& )&.& :'2& /- %/'.& '/ /#& =0/#$03'1*& ,-%%$1$*$/( -< /#&$. 0-0A1&$09? M'/

2&'/# $/%&*<? 1=/ /#&( /#&0 2$%5-4&. /#'/ /#&( '.& %/$** '*$4&? -0 /#& -=/%$2& -< /#&

/'*&6N 8@'.0&.? ]^^YR f;

H=9&0& "#'53&.G% 1--3? !" $%& '()* +, $%-) ./0"&* ? 8OP]P; %&/% -=/ /- 2&%5.$1&

)#'/ #& 5'**% M/#& =0/#$03'1*& )-.*2N? %,&5$<$5'**( /#& .&*'/$-0 1&/)&&0 /#& 9&0.&

-< %=,&.0'/=.'* #-..-. $0 :&2$'? '02 ,#$*-%-,#(6 8OP]PR ]; "#'53&. $% '/ ,'$0% /-

&0%=.& /#'/ /#& ,.&:$%& -< /#& 1--3 $% 5*&'.S #& %/'/&% /#'/ /#& /&+/ M%#-=*2 0-/ 1&

/'3&0 /- :&'0? d/#& ,#$*-%-,#( -< #-..-.G? $0 )#$5# #-..-. '% ' *$/&.'.( -. <$*:

9&0.& $% ,.&%&0/&2 '% ' .$9-.-=% <-.:'* %(%/&:6N 8,,6]? O; L< '0(/#$09? "#'53&.

$0%$%/%? $/ :&'0% /#& .&4&.%&R /#& #-..-. -< ,#$*-%-,#(6 "#& #-..-. -< ,#$*-%-,#(

:=%/ 1& /'3&0 /- :&'0 /#& &*=5$2'/$-0 -< /#-%& :-:&0/% M$0 )#$5# /#$03$09

&0$9:'/$5'**( 5-0<.-0/% /#& #-.$\-0 -< $/% -)0 ,-%%$1$*$/(6N 8,6O; U& .&*'/&% /#&

5'/&9-.$&% -< #-..-. '02 ,#$*-%-,#( /- &'5# -/#&. /#.-=9# /#& 5-05&,/ -<

M)-.*2?N 2&%5.$1$09 )-.*2 '% #=:'0 '02 0-0A#=:'0? '0/#.-,-5&0/.$5 '02 0-0A

'0/#.-,-:-.,#$5? '02 $2&0/$<$&% /#& @&%/&.0 ,#$*-%-,#$5'* ,.&-55=,'/$-0 -< '

5-:,.&#&0%$-0 -< /#& )-.*2 $0 )#$5# )& *$4& '% 1-/# ' #=:'0? '02 ' 0-0A#=:'0?

)-.*26 8,6O; D4&. :$**&00$'? :(/#-*-9$5'*? /#&-*-9$5'* '02 &+$%/&0/$'* &,-5#% #'4&

'22.&%%&2 /#& ,.-1*&: -< 1&$09A$0A/#&A)-.*26 I-. "#'53&.? )#'/ $% $:,-./'0/ $%



/#'/ /#&%& %':& /#.&& 5'/&9-.$&% 8:(/#? /#&-*-9( '02 &+$%/&0/$'*$%:; M#'4& '%

/#&$. :-%/ 1'%$5 ,.&%=,,-%$/$-0 ' 4$&) -< /#& )-.*2 '% ' #=:'0A5&0/.$5 )-.*2? '%

' M)-.*2A<-.A=%N '% #=:'0 1&$09%? *$4$09 $0 #=:'0 5=*/=.&%? 9-4&.0&2 1( #=:'0

4'*=&%6N 8,6a; J0( ,&.5&$4&2 $05=.%$-0 $0/- /#& )-.*2A<-.A=% 1( /#& 0-0A#=:'0 $%.',$2*( .&5=,&.'/&2 $0/- /#& 2-:$0'0/ #=:'0A5&0/.$5 )-.*24$&)6 D0& -<

"#'53&.G% '$:% $% /- $0/.-2=5& ' 0&) /&.:$0-*-9( <-. /#$03$09 '1-=/ /#& 0-0A

#=:'0 )-.*2 1&(-02 /#& )-.*2A<-.A=% 8-=. 30-)0 @-.*2;6 I-. /#& )-.*2 /#'/

)& 30-) %-:&/$:&% .&%$%/% #=:'0 '//&:,/% /- ,-%%&%% $/ A /#& &+':,*&% "#'53&.

=%&% '.& 0'/=.'* 2$%'%/&. -. &+/$05/$-0 A #& ,.-,-%&% /#& /&.:? M)-.*2A$0A$/%&*<?N

/#& )-.*2 $0 %-:& $0'55&%%$1*&? '*.&'2(A9$4&0 %/'/& 8H'./#? ,6_; "#& )-.*2A$0A

$/%&*< 5'0 5-A&+$%/ )$/# /#& )-.*2A<-.A=%? #& %'(%? 1=/ '% )& /.( /- '5/ =,-0 $/8/#.-=9# %5$&0/$<$5 $0E=$.( <-. $0%/'05&; $/ 5&'%&% /- 1& /#& )-.*2A1(A$/%&*< '02

1&5-:&% /#& )-.*2A<-.A=%6 "#'53&. 9-&% <=./#&.6 U& '%3%? M@#'/ #',,&0% )#&0

/#& #=:'0 $% &+/.'5/&2 <.-: /#& )-.*2>N "#$% #& 0':&% /#& M)-.*2A)$/#-=/A=%N? '

2'.3 $0/&**$9$1*& '1(%% /#'/ '**-)% =% /- 5-05&$4& -< M' 0&1=*-=% \-0& /#'/ $% '/

-05& $:,&.%-0'* '02 #-..$<$56N 8,6Y; "#& )-.*2A)$/#-=/A=% ,.-,-%&% ' #-..-.

/#'/ $% '1-=/ <&'.? 1=/ :-.& $:,-./'0/*(? $% '1-=/ M/#& *$:$/% -< /#& #=:'0 '% $/

5-0<.-0/% /#& &0$9:'/$5 /#-=9#/ -< /#& =030-)06N 8,6 Y; "#$% *$:$/ '02 -=.

.&*'/$-0 /- $/ $% /#& <-5=% -< "#'53&.G% 1--36 I-. -=. ,.-Q&5/? /#& E=&%/$-0 -< /#&

*$:$/ -< /#& #=:'0 5-04&.9&% )$/# -=. =02&.%/'02$09% -< 2'.30&%%? '02 '% )&

%#'** %&&? )$/# 4-$5& '02 1*'530&%%? $0 )#'/ '$:% /- 1&5-:& ' .&5-05&,/='*$%'/$-0

-< 0-/$-0% -< $2&0/$/(? ,-*$/$5'* '9&05(? '02 /#& #=:'06 W'0 2'.30&%% 1&

'./$5=*'/&2> L< %-=02 $0 %,'5& &0'1*&% -0&G% *-5'/$-0 /- 1& :'.3&2 '/ '0( 9$4&0

:-:&0/ 1( -0&G% 4-5'*$%'/$-0%? :$9#/ )& 1& '1*& /- 2$%5&.0 )#&/#&. -0&G%

4-5'*$%'/$-0% '.& :'.3&2 '/ '0( 9$4&0 :-:&0/ 1( g-0&G%h 2'.30&%%> 7-&%

2'.30&%% #'4& ' %-=02> @#'/ $% /#& 2'.3 %-=02 -< 4-$5& '02 $% 2'.3 %-=02

0&5&%%'.$*( 2&%/.=5/$4& $0 5#'.'5/&.> "#& %-0$5 1*&&2 -< 2'.3 %-=02 $% 1-/#

,'*,'1*&? (&/ $0&<<'1*&6 "#$% :'3&% $/ =0%&//*$09? '02 $0/.$9=$096 @#&0 )& *--3 '/

/#& d2'.3 &<<&5/G <.-: ' ,&.%,&5/$4& -< 4-$5&? )& 5'0 =02&.%/'02 #-) $/ ,&.4'2&%

$2&'% '1-=/ /#& d<'5/G -< .'5&6 @& #'4& %&&0 $0 /#& :'0( 5-04&0/$-0'* .&'2$09%

/#'/ $/ $% $0 2'.30&%% /#'/ -/#&.0&%% .&%$2&%S /#'/ $/ $% $0 2'.30&%% /#'/ -=. %&0%&%

'.& .&-.2&.&2 -. 2$%,*'5&2S '02 /#'/ $/ $% 2'.30&%% /#'/ :&2$'/&% /#'/ )#$5#

5'00-/ 1& :&2$'/&26 @& )$** 0-) ,.-5&&2 /- '0 &+,*-.'/$-0 -< 2'.30&%% $0 4-$5&6



0;>G>6? =@AB63::

i-$5& $% /&+/=.&2 1( /#& 1-2(? 1=/ )& 5'0G/ %'( $/ $% /#& 1-2(6 "#&.& $% '*)'(%%-:&/#$09 &*%&? %-:&/#$09 7-*'. '02 -/#&.% #'4& 5'**&2 &+5&%%6 C-=02 $%

&,#&:&.'*? <*&&/$09 '02 =05-0/.-**'1*& $0 5-0/.'%/ /- /#& -55=*'.5&0/.$5

%/&'2$0&%% -< /#& 9'\&? '02 /#& %-=02 -< %,&&5# $% ' <=02':&0/'* #=:'0 '5/$4$/(6

J55-.2$09 /- L0/&.%,&&5#? /#& '00='* 5-0<&.&05& -< L0/&.0'/$-0'* C,&&5#

W-::=0$5'/$-0 J%%-5$'/$-0? %,&&5# M$% 5&0/.'* /- /#& -.9'0$\'/$-0 '02 /#&

2&4&*-,:&0/ -< #=:'0 #&'*/#? ,&.%-0'*$/( '02 $0/&**$9&05&6 L/ $% '*%- &%%&0/$'* /-

/#& %(0&.9( )$/#$0 #=:'0 9.-=,% '02 /#&$. .&*'/$-0%#$, )$/# /#&$.&04$.-0:&0/6N 8L0/&.%,&&5#? -0*$0&? OP]j; C,&&5# $% ' 5&0/.'* 5-:,-0&0/ -<

#=:'0 5-::=0$5'/$-0 '02 $0/&.'5/$-06 @#$*& 4-$5& '02 %,&&5# '.& $0/&.*$03&2?

$0/&.'5/ '02 -4&.*',? 4-$5& ,.-2=5/$-0 '02 %,&&5# ,.-2=5/$-0 '.& /)- 2$<<&.&0/

%(%/&:%6 i-$5& ,.-2=5&% %-=02S %,&&5# :-2$<$&% %-=02 $0/- *'09='9&6 8b'/$-0'*

L0%/$/=/& -0 7&'<0&%% '02 D/#&. W-::=0$5'/$-0 7$%-.2&.%? D0*$0&? OPPO; C,&&5#

$% /#& :-%/ $:,-./'0/ 1$-%$90'* #=:'0% 5'0 ,.-2=5& '02 ,&.5&$4&? .=00$09

'5.-%% 1$-*-9(? :&2$5$0&? ,%(5#-*-9(? %-5$-*-9(? '0/#.-,-*-9( '02 &5-*-9(6

8L0/&.%,&&5#? OP]j; "#& /&.: d1$-%$90'*G $02$5'/&% ' .'09& -< %$90'*% <.-:

1$-*-9$5'* 1&$09% /#'/ 5'0 1& :-0$/-.&2 '02 :&'%=.&2 5-0/$0='**(6 e&/? $/ $% '

5&./'$0 $::&'%=.'1$*$/( $0 ' .&*'/$-0 /- /#& '0/#.-,$5 /#'/ %/'02% '/ /#& 4&.(

#&'./ -< /#$% ,.-Q&5/6 J*/#-=9# -< $0/&.&%/ /- /#$% %/=2(? $/ $% 0-/ /#& ,.-2=5/$-0 -<

%,&&5# 1=/ /#& ,.-2=5/$-0 -< %-=02 84-5'*$\'/$-0; /#'/ )$** ,.-4& /- 1& 5.=5$'*6

i-$5& $% %-=02 ,.-2=5&2 1( #=:'0%? '02 -/#&. 4&./&1.'/&%6 J.$%/-/*&? $0 #$% 1--3

'1-=/ %-=*? 5*'$:&2 /#'/? Mi-$5& $% /#& %-=02 -< ' 5.&'/=.& ,-%%&%%$09 ' %-=*6N U&

<-.9&% '0 '=.'* /'+-0-:( $0 )#$5# 0-/ &4&.( %-=02 :'2& 1( ' 5.&'/=.& $% ' 4-$5&

85*$53% '02 %E=&*5#&% :'2& )$/# /#& /-09=&? -. 5-=9#$09 <-. &+':,*&? '.&

%-=02%? 1=/ 0-/ 4-$5&; 1=/ 2- %/$** #'4& %-=*S 1*--2*&%%? /-09=&*&%% 5.&'/=.&% 2-

0-/ #'4& 4-$5&? -. %-=*? '02 %- -06 85$/&2 $0 @'.0&.? ]^^YR OYZ; "-2'(? -=.

=02&.%/'02$09 -< %,&&5# '02 4-$5& $% <'. :-.& 0='05&2? %-,#$%/$5'/&2?

&,$%/&:-*-9$5'*? '02 %5$&0/$<$56 L/ $% 4-$5& /#'/ $% /#& '5/$4& 9'/&)'( $0/- -=. :-%/

5-:,*&+ .&*'/$-0%#$,%6 B&/)&&0 /#& $02$4$2='* '02 %-5$&/(? 1&/)&&0 /#& %-5$'*



'02 /#& ,-*$/$5'*? '02 1&/)&&0 )#'/ $% %'$2? '02 )#'/ $% #&'.26 e&/ 7-*'. .&:$02%

=% /#'/ /#&.& $% '*)'(% ' 0&9'/$4&R /#'/ )#$5# $% 0-/ :&'0/? -. %'$2? 1=/ %-:&#-)

5-::=0$5'/&2R /#& -1Q&5/ 4-$5&6 D1Q&5/ 4-$5&? %'(% 7-*'.? $% /#& .&:'$02&. /#'/ $%

,.-2=5&2 1(? 1=/ 0-/ .&2=5$1*& /-? *$09=$%/$5 %$90$<$&.% '02 ,-$0/% /-)'.2 /#&-/#&. %$2&6 "#& -1Q&5/? '55-.2$09 /- 7-*'.? 2-&% 0-/ ,-$0/ /-)'.2 ' *'53 1=/ '

4-$2? ' %,'5& $0 )#$5# M/#& 4-$5& 5-:&% /- .&%-0'/&N 87-*'.? OPPfR aO;6 L/ <-**-)%

<.-: /#$% /#'/ /#& 4-$5& $% '5/='**( '0 M$0/&.%&5/$-0 -< ,.&%&05& '02 '1%&05&N

87-*'.? ,6__;6 D0& '$: -< /#$% &%%'( $% /- .&5-90$\& '02 =02&.%/'02 /#'/

$0/&.%&5/$-0 <.-: 0=:&.-=% 4$&),-$0/%6 "#& %-=.5& -< /#& 4-$5& 5'0 0&4&. /.=*(

1& .&4&'*&2? 1&5'=%& )#&0 )& )'/5# M/#& &+/&.0'* %=.<'5& -< /#& 1-2( %,&'3 /#&

4-$5& )& #&'. $%%=&% <.-: %-:&)#&.& )$/#$0? %-:&)#&.& 1&(-02 -=. 4$&)?N%'(% C/&4&0 c'<<&./( $0 #$% .&4$&) -< 7-*'.G% 1--3? 1 2+-3& 0"4 5+*%-"6 7+8&? <-.

/#& L0/&.0'/$-0'* [-=.0'* -< W-::=0$5'/$-06 8OPPYR YOZ; "#& 4-$5& )& #&'.

$%%=&% <.-: '0 =030-)0 %,'5&? '02 /#& 4-$5& )& %,&'3 )$/# %,&'3% /- '0

=030-)0 %,'5&? )#$5# $% /#& &'. -< '0 -/#&.6 @& )$** &05-=0/&. /#$% &'. $0 :-.&

2&,/# *'/&. -06 U-) '.& 2'.3 E='*$/$&% '.& '//.$1=/&2 /- 4-$5&> J% 7-*'. /&**% =%?

4-$5& $% M:-.& /#'0 :&.& ,#-0&:& 2&*$4&.( %(%/&:R /#& '55&0/? /#& $0/-0'/$-0?

'02 /#& /$:1.&6N 87-*'.? OPPfR OP; MD0& $% /-- &+,-%&2 /- /#& 4-$5& '02 /#& 4-$5&

&+,-%&% /-- :=5#?N #& -1%&.4&%6 8OPPfR Y]; ̀ $3& 2'.30&%%? 4-$5& #'% =030-)'1*&

E='*$/$&% /#'/ .&02&. $/% '<<&5/% =0,.&2$5/'1*& '02? $0 %$:$*'. <'%#$-0? 4-$5&

.&E=$.&% 1-=02'.$&% /#'/ 5'0 .&%/.'$0 $/% &+5&%%&%6

"#&-.$%/% *$3& J2.$'0' W'4'.&.-? F*'2&0 7-*'.? '02 C/&4&0 W-00-. #'4&

/#&-.$\&2 '1-=/ 5-05&,/% -< 4-$5& '02 .&5-90$%& /#& =030-)'1*&? $0A1&/)&&0

E='*$/( -< 4-$5&6 i-$5& (-3&% /#& ,#(%$5'* '02 %-0-.-=% /- /#& 0-0A,#(%$5'*?

%$90$<($096 M"#& ,#&0-:&0-0 -< i-$5& $% $0 <'5/ <'. :-.& =05'00( '02 %*$,,&.(?

'02 '*.&'2( $05*=%$4& -< 2$<<&.&05&? /#'0 7&..$2' 9$4&% $/ 5.&2$/ <-.N %'(% C/&4&0

C#'4$.-? $0 #$% .&4$&) -< 1 2+-3& 0"4 5+*%-"6 7+8&6 "#& 4-$5& '*)'(% %/'02% M$0

1&/)&&0 %=1Q&5/ '02 D/#&.NS 4-$5& $% 1-/# )#'/ M*$03% /#&%& -,,-%&2 5'/&9-.$&%

/-9&/#&.? '02 )#'/ $% 5-::-0 /- 1-/# -< /#&:? )$/#-=/ 1&*-09$09 /- &$/#&.6k

87-*'.? OPPfR _; @& ,.-2=5& -=. 4-$5& <.-: -=. 1-2$&%S 4-$5& $% 0-/ %-:&/#$09

(-= #'4&? .'/#&.? $/ $% %-:&/#$09 (-= 2-6 "- %,&'3 $% /- ,&.<-.:? '02 /- ,&.<-.: $%

'0 &4&0/6 i-$5&? %'(% 7-*'.? $% M' 1-2$*( :$%%$*& )#$5# #'% 2&/'5#&2 $/%&*< <.-: $/%



%-=.5&? &:'05$,'/&2 $/%&*<? (&/ .&:'$0% 5-.,-.&'*6N 87-*'.? OPPfR Zj; C/&4&0

W-00-. &5#-&% 7-*'. )#&0 #& .&:$02% =% /#'/ )#$*& 4-$5& 5'..$&% /.'5&% -< /#&

%,&'3&. A $/% d#-:&G '02 /#& 1-2( -< /#& %,&'3&. A '/ /#& %':& /$:&? 4-$5& $%

.&E=$.&2 /- *&'4& /#'/ #-:& $0 -.2&. /- ,&.<-.: /#& '5/ -< %,&'3$096 i-$5&Q&//$%-0% /#& 1-2( $0 -.2&. /- &+$%/6 8W-00-.? OP]PR j_AaO; "#$% 0-/$-0 1&5-:&%

&%,&5$'**( ,&./$0&0/ $0 /#& <'5& -< 1*'530&%%? )#&.&1( ' 1*'53 4-$5& $% '//'5#&2 /-

'0 =0&E=$4-5'**( 1*'53 1-2(? ' 5-05&,/ )& )$** &+':$0& $0 :-.& 2&,/# *'/&. -06

ML :=%/ ,'./$5$,'/& $0 :( 4-$5& -0*( 1( 5-:$09 ','./ <.-: $/?N %'(% W-00-.6 @#'/

:'3&% 4-$5& 1*'53? #'4$09 '*)'(%A'*.&'2( 2$%*-5'/&2 <.-: $/% 1-2( $0 -.2&. /-

&+$%/> B( 5-:$09 ','./ <.-: $/6 J %-0-.-=% &4&0/ 2&,'./$09 <.-: ' 1-2(? -. '

1*'53 &4&0/ 2&,'./$09 <.-: ' 1*'53 1-2(> T&.5&,/$-0% -< d1*'530&%%G '.& 5.=5$'* /-,&.5&,/$-0% -< 4-$5&6 [=%/ '% 4-$5& 5'0 1& 5-:,.&#&02&2 '% ' #$09& 1&/)&&0 /#&

%-0-.-=% '02 %$90$<($09? $/ '*%- #$09&% 1&/)&&0 1-2$&% '02 /#& %,'5&% /#&(

$0#'1$/R

Ml1&02g$09h '02 5-00&5/g$09h .'/#&. /#'0 2$4$2$09l6 <'5$*$/'/g$09h

-,&0$09% '02 $0/&./)$0$09% 8-< 2--.%? 5-05&,/%? %=1Q&5/%? &+,&.$&05&%?

:'/&.$'*%; .'/#&. /#'0 2$%5.$:$0'/$09 -0& %$2& -. -0& /#$09 <.-: '0-/#&.6N

8J:&*$' [-0&%? 5$/&2 1( b&=:'.3? OP]];

i-$5& #$09&% 1-2$&% '02 %,'5&%? M5-00&5/$09 %,&'3$09 '02 *$%/&0$09 1-2$&%

,#(%$5'**( '02 '<<&5/$4&*( )$/# &'5# -/#&. '% )&** '%m/#.-=9# /#& %,'5&% /#&(

%#'.&6N 8b&=:'.3? OP]]; L0 )#'/ )'(% :$9#/ 4-$5& 1& %-0-.-=%*( #$09&2 /- .'5&

$0 /#& %,'5& 1&/)&&0 1-2$&%> MF( 4-$5& 5-:&% <.-: /#& $0%$2& -< ' 1-2( '02

.'2$'/&% /#.-=9# %,'5& )#$5# $% &+/&.$-. /- '02 &+/&02% 1&(-02 /#'/ 1-2(N %'(%

W-00-.? 2&%5.$1$09 /#&%& 5-:$09 '02 9-$09 '%,&5/% -< 4-$5& '% M/#& ,.-1*&:% '02

'%/-0$%#:&0/% -< 2$%%-5$'/&2 4-$5&6N 8W-00-.? OPPYR ,,6 j? f; @& :$9#/ 1&

/&:,/&2 /- '22 /#'/ /#&%& 5-:$09 '02 9-$09 '%,&5/% -< 4-$5& '.& 2='**( /#&

,.-1*&:% '02 '%/-0$%#:&0/% -< 2$%%-5$'/&2 g1*'53&0&2h 1-2$&%6 7-&% 4-$5&

:&2$'/& 1&/)&&0 1-2$&%? -. $% $/ 1&/)&&0 1-2$&% /#'/ 4-$5& :&2$'/&% /#'/ )#$5#

5'00-/ 1& :&2$'/&2> "#& $0/.$9=& *$&% $0 )#'/ #',,&0% /- 4-$5&? 1-/# '//'5#&2 /-

'02 %&,'.'/&2 <.-: /#& 1-2(? '% $< 2$%,*'5&2 -. :$%,*'5&26 J% $< 1-/# $0 '02 -< '

4'%/ 1-2( -< <'/#-:*&%% %,'5&? $/ $% /#& )-.*2 -< 5-:$09 '02 9-$09? /#& )-.*2 -<

:$9.'/$-0? $::$9.'/$-0? &:$9.'/$-0 A -< 4-$5&? 2'.30&%%? '02 1*'530&%% A /#'/ $% -<



5-05&.0 $0 /#$% &%%'(6 @& :=%/ '*%- ,-%& /#& E=&%/$-0? /- )#'/ &+/&0/ 2-

5-05&,/% -< 4-$5& #'.1-=. ' 5-*-0$'* ,#$*-%-,#(> J% )& )$** %--0 %&&? '

5-00&5/$-0 $:,*$&% ' 2$%5-00&5/$-0 A 1&/)&&0 1*'53 1-2$&%? )#$/& 1-2$&%? 4-$5&%

'02 1-2$&%? 1-2$&% -< *$9#/? -< '$.? '02 -5&'0$5 1-2$&%6

CE3A3H: 6;CE>6? @+;<C +F@GB63::

"#& /#&:&% -< '0+$&/(? -/#&.0&%%? '02 /#& $0'55&%%$1*& 5-0/$0=& $0 /#& .&5&0/

%5#-*'.%#$, -< J<.-,&%%$:$%: '02 B*'53 D,/$:$%:6 ̀ $3& 2'.30&%%? *$3& 4-$5&?

1*'530&%% $% /#& ,*'5& /#'/ #'% 0- ,*'5&6 B( )#'/ :&'0% 2- )& 1&9$0 /- %/=2(

1*'530&%%> "#$% $% /#& E=&%/$-0 I.&2 F-/&0 '%3% '% #& 1&9$0% /- .&/#$03

5-0/&:,-.'.( 1*'530&%% $0 #$% &%%'(? 9/03:"&)) 0"4 5+*%-"6"&)); 7<)*-3-)=) -"

*%& >/&)%? 8OP]j; L0 /#$% &%%'(? F-/&0 '//&:,/% /- &+5'4'/& /#& $2&'% 5-:$09 -=/

-< J<.-,&%%$:$%:? )#-%& .&'2$09 -< 1*'530&%% #& #'% ,.&4$-=%*( 2&%5.$1&2 '% '

%$/& -< 5#'-% '02 2&.&*$5/$-0? M' %$/& -< 5-:,*&/& 2$%-.2&.6N 85$/&2 $0 B.'.? OP]OR

OY; I-. J<.-,&%%$:$%/% '02 B*'53 D,/$:$%/%? 1*'530&%% $% '*)'(% $0 0-0A.&*'/$-0

/- )#$/& %=,.&:'5(? &+/&.$-. /- 5$4$* %-5$&/(? '02 M=0:',,'1*& )$/#$0 /#&

5-%:-*-9$5'* 9.$2 -< /#& /.'0%5&02&0/'* %=1Q&5/6N 8F-/&0? OP]jR a; D0 /#$%?

J<.-,&%%$:$%: '02 B*'53 D,% '.& $0 '9.&&:&0/6 I-. J<.-,&%%$:$%/%? $05*=2$09

I.'03 @$*2&.%-0? ['.&2 C&+/-0? C'2$(' U'./:'00? '02 -/#&.%? 1*'530&%% #'% '

#-:&? '02 /#'/ #-:& $% 0-0A-0/-*-9$5'* 2&'/#6 "#& 1*'53 .&*'/$-0%#$, /-

:-2&.0$/( $% 1=$*/ =,-0 ' %&/ -< 5*'$:% /#'/ '.& =0%,&'3'1*& '02 $:,-%%$1*& /-

$:'9$0&? 1&5'=%& /#&.& $% 0&$/#&. /#& *'09='9& 0-. /#& 2&%$.& /- './$5=*'/& /#&%&

5*'$:%? &*=5$2'/&% 7#'04&&. B.'. $0 #$% /#&%$%? 9/03:"&))@ 804-30/-)=@ )+("4; 9/03:

A+")3-+()"&)) 0"4 9/03: .+B(/08 7()-3 -" *%& C?D?1 EFGHHIFGJFK? "#& %/'/=% -<

5-0/&:,-.'.( 1*'530&%% :=%/ =02&.9- ' %#$</ <.-: /#& 5-::-0,*'5& %/=2( -<

M1*'530&%% '% ,*&0$/=2&?N /- ' %/=2( -< )#'/ @$*2&.%-0 5'**% M%/.=5/=.'*

'0/'9-0$%:6N 8B.'.? OP]OR OP; H4&0 )#&0 ' 5-**&5/$4& -< B*'53 ,&-,*& '//&:,/ /-

%,&'3? M/#&( '.& %- 2$%,-%%&%%&2 /#&$. 5*'$:% '.& 2&&:&2 =0#$09&2?N @$*2&.%-0

%'(%?85$/&2 $0 B.'.? ,6OP; -,&0$09 #$:%&*< =, /- '55=%'/$-0% -< 2&&,*( 0&=.-/$5

/#$03$096 @& )$** %--0 &+,*-.& /#$% =0#$09&2 1*'53 4-$5&6 @$*2&.%-0 ,-%/=*'/&%

1*'530&%% 0-/ '% '0 $0/&.,&**'/&2 $2&0/$/(? 1=/ M'% ' %/.=5/=.'* ,-%$/$-0 -<

0-05-::=0$5'1$*$/( $0 /#& <'5& -< '** -/#&. ,-%$/$-0%6N L0 -/#&. )-.2%? <-.



@$*2&.%-0? 1*'530&%% '02 -0/-*-9( '.& 0-/ '4'$*'1*& /- -0& '0-/#&.S 1*'530&%% $%

,-%$/$-0&2 0-/ -0*( -=/%$2& -< /#& #=:'0? 1=/ -=/%$2& /#& ,-*$/$5'* /--6 8B.'.? O];

@#$*& @$*2&.%-0 5*'$:% /#'/ /#& 0-0A-0/-*-9( -< 1*'530&%% $% 0&5&%%'.( /-

%=%/'$0 :-2&.0$/( '02 ' .&-.2&.$09 -< /#$% %$/='/$-0 $% $:,-%%$1*&? F-/&0 %&&3%

/- '<<$.: 1*'530&%% '02 1*'53 .&%$%/'05& /#.-=9# #$% .&'2$09 -< /#& .&*'/$-0%#$,

1&/)&&0 1*'53 .'2$5'*$%: '02 1*'53 :=%$56 F-/&0G% 2&<$0$/$-0 -< 1*'530&%% $%

-.9'0$%&2 1( /#& -1Q&5/6 M"#& -1Q&5/ $% 5','1*& -< .&%$%/'05& '02 $/ 2-&% .&%$%/6

B*'530&%% $% /#& :&'0% 1( )#$5# /#& -1Q&5/ ,.-2=5&% /#'/ .&%$%/'05&6N B.'. %'(%6

8,6Of; L/ $% /#& /#.&& 5'/&9-.$&% -< -1Q&5/? 1*'530&%% '02 .&%$%/'05& /#'/ '.&

5.=5$'* /- F-/&0G% )-.3? '02 /#&%& 5'/&9-.$&% '.& 5-00&5/&2 /#.-=9# M/#&

&0*$9#/&0:&0/ ,=.%=$/ -< ,.-,&.? .'/$-0'* /#-=9#/ '02 $/% 5-:,'0$-0? /#& ,.-,&.?

.'/$-0'* %=1Q&5/S '02 /#& J/*'0/$5 C*'4& /.'2&? )#$5# %') /#& 5-04&.%$-0 -<

5',/=.&2 ,&-,*& $0/- ,.-,&./(6N 8B.'.? ,6Of; B*'530&%%? <-. F-/&0? $% /#& 5'/&9-.(

)#$5# %#',&% /#& .&*'/$-0%#$, 1&/)&&0 /#& &0*$9#/&0:&0/ '02 %*'4&.(6 B( )'( -<

/#& .&*'/$-0%#$, 1&/)&&0 &0*$9#/&0:&0/ '02 &0%*'4&:&0/ F-/&0 $:'9$0&% '

.=,/=.& M)#$5# $% )#&.& 1*'530&%% :'.3% %$:=*/'0&-=%*( 1-/# /#& ,&.<-.:'05&

-< /#& -1Q&5/ '02 /#& ,&.<-.:'05& -< #=:'0$/(N 8F-/&0? OPPj? O;6 L/ $% '9'$0%/

/#$% .=,/=.&? -. 1.&'3? /#'/ F-/&0 2&<$0&% /#& *&9$/$:'/& %=1Q&5/6 ML/G% '

.&,.-2=5/$-0 -< .=,/=.& )#$5# .&4&'*% 1*'530&%% $% $0%$2& '% )&** '% -=/%$2& /#&

#=:'0?N B.'. %'(%6 8,6Of; "#&.& $% ' .&*'/$-0'**( '/ )-.3? 1=/ $/ $% 1.-3&0? '02

1*'530&%% M9-&% /- )-.3 $0 /#$% 1.-3&0 .&*'/$-06N 8B.'.? ,6OZ;

@$*2&.%-0 '02 F-/&0n% 3&( 2$<<&.&05& 5&0/.&% '.-=02 /#& 5-05&,/ -<

.&*'/$-0'*$/(6 I-. J<.-,&%%$:$%:? 1*'530&%% $% ' %$/& )$/#-=/ .&*'/$-0 /#'/

.&E=$.&% ' 2$%%-*=/$-0 -< )#$/&0&%%? /#& #=:'0? $0 -.2&. /- .=,/=.& /#'/ .&*'/$-06I-. B*'53 D,%? 1*'530&%% $% .&*'/$-0'* /- /#& #=:'0? 1=/ $/ 1-/# /$&% '02 1.&'3%

/#& .&*'/$-0 /- /#& #=:'06 8B.'.? ,6 OZ; "#& 0-/$-0 -< &+/&.$-.$/( '02 -/#&.0&%%

#'% 1&&0 )&** &+':$0&2 $0 /#& 2-:'$0 -< ,-%/A5-*-0$'* /#&-.(6 J5.-%% ' ,*&/#-.'

-< 5-0/&:,-.'0&-=% )&1%$/&% '02 1*-9% )& <$02 ,&-,*& 9.',,*$09 )$/# /#&

,.-1*&: /#'/ &+$%/% <-. ,.-,-0&0/% -< J<.-,&%%$:$%:R /#'/ /#& /&.:% &%/'1*$%#&2

1( /#& H0*$9#/&0:&0/ ,.-Q&5/ '02 5-05&,/% -< #=:'0$%: 5-:,*$5'/& /#&

&:'05$,'/$-0 -< 1*'53 ,&-,*&6 D0& 1*-99&.? H91&./ J*&Q'02.- F'./$0'? 2&5*'.&%?M/#& %/'/& '02 5$4$* %-5$&/( $0%=.& /#&:%&*4&% '9'$0%/ /#& <=9$/$4& *-09$09% -<



B*'53 *$<& <-.:%?N '02 '%3%? #-) 2-&% -0& 1.&'/#& *$<& $0/- ' %(%/&: '02 5-05&,/%

/#'/ '.& M2&'2&0$09>N 8F'./$0'? OP]a; @#$*& Q=.$2$5'* '02 ,-*$/$5'* '//&:,/% /-

%-*4& /#&%& d,.-1*&:%G '.& 0-/ /- 1& 2$%5'.2&2? )& 5'00-/ %-*4& ,.-1*&:% 1(

=%$09 /#& %':& 3$02 -< /#$03$09 )& =%&2 )#&0 )& 5.&'/&2 /#&:? /- ,'.',#.'%&H$0%/&$06 J0( ',,&'* /- /#& .=*& -< *') 3&&,% =%? '% J0/#-0( T'=* I'.*&( 0-/&%?

M)$/#$0 /#& /$:& -< /#& -.$9$0'* '55=:=*'/$-0? )$/# /#& ,.$:'* %5&0& -<

'55=:=*'/$-06N 8I'.*&(? OPPY; I.-: /#& ,&.%,&5/$4& -< /#& ,-*$/$5'* %=1Q&5/?

2$<<&.&05& 5'0 -0*( 1& :'0$<&%/ M'% /#& 2$%5.&/& $02$4$2='*$/( /#'/ #-*2% -.

-55=,$&% ' %/'02,-$0/6N 8F-/&0? OP]jR _; I.-: /#$% './$<$5$'*? M-<<$5$'**( '%%=:&2N

,-%$/$-0? 1*'530&%% $% 0-/#$09? 5-05=.% F-/&06 L/ $% <.-: /#$% %/'02,-$0/ M)#$5#

@$*2&.%-0 2&<$0&% ,.&5$%&*( 1( #$% $0'1$*$/( /- -55=,( $/?N 8F-/&0? OP]jR _;6B*'530&%% $% M' .&<=%'* /- 2&<&. /- /#& &/&.0'* 2&*'( -< %-4&.&$90/(6N B*'530&%% $%

/#& %/=2( -< $:,-%%$1$*$/(? '02 /#$% .'2$5'**( 2$%,*'5&% /#& $2&'* -< %-4&.&$90/(6

8F-/&0? OP]jR a; @& %#'** .&/=.0 /- /#&%& 5-05&,/% ,=/ <-./# )$/#$0 /#& 2-:'$0

-< 5-0/&:,-.'.( B*'53 C/=2$&% $0 -.2&. /- ,.-2=5/$4&*( &09'9& )$/# 1*'530&%%?

4-$5&? '02 2'.30&%%6 I$.%/? *&/ =% %':,*& %-:& -< /#& )'(% /#'/ 2'.30&%% #'% 1&&0

5-0<*'/&2 )$/# 1*'530&%% '02 :'.3&2 /#.-=9# 4-$5& '% #=:'0 -. 0-0A#=:'06

=@AB 6;>:3

@#'/ $% /#& -=/&. *$:$/ -< 4-$5&> @#'/ 2- )& 0':& /#-%& %-=02% &:$//&2 1(

#=:'0% 1=/ 5-=*2 1& %'$2 /- <'** -=/%$2& -< /#& .&'*: -< /&+/? -< '0 '*,#'1&/> L0

#$% 1--3? L+M N08/< 1=&8-30 D+("4&4 ? 8OPPj; c$5#'.2 W=**&0 c'/# &+,*-.&% /#&

':1$&0/ %-=02% -< &'.*( J:&.$5'0 %-5$&/(6 J0 &+':$0'/$-0 -< /#& ,'.'*$09=$%/$5

'%,&5/% -< %,&&5# A /-0&? 4-*=:&? 5'2&05& '02 ,$/5# A $0 5-0Q=05/$-0 )$/# 0-0A

*$09=$%/$5 4-5'*$%'/-0% %=5# '% 9.-'0%? .-'.%? 9.-)*%? %$9#% '02 #-)*% 830-)0 '%4-5'1*&%; )$** <=./#&. '**-) =% /- $2&0/$<( #-) dD/#&.0&%%G '02 4-$5& '.&

&0/)$0&26 c'/# &+,*-.&% #-) 4-$5& :'.3% 1-/# 5$4$* '02 =05$4$* %,'5&% $0 &'.*(

J:&.$5'6 B( :',,$09 4-$5& '*-09 /#& M&'./#*( ,*'0&N c'/# *-5'/&% ,'.'*$09=$%/$5%

'02 4-5'1*&% $0 .&*'/$-0 /- 5$4$* %-5$&/(6 8c'/#? OPPjR ]OP; L/ )'% /#.-=9# /#.&&

2$:&0%$-0'* '=.'* %,'5&? #& %'(%? /#'/ %&4&0/&&0/# 5&0/=.( %-5$&/$&% $0 H09*$%#

b-./# J:&.$5' 5-=*2 1& 2&<$0&2 '% -.2&.*( -. 2$%-.2&.*(6 C-=02% /.'4&.%&2 /#&

:'.9$0% '02 /#& 5&0/.&% -< /#&%& -4&.*',,$09 %,'5&% -< -.2&.m2$%-.2&.?5$4$*m=05$4$*? $0/&.%&5/$09 /#& &'./#*(? #-.$\-0/'* ,*'0& 8=, /- /#& &29&% -< 5$4$*



%-5$&/(; '02 /#& %,$.$/='*? 4&./$5'* ,*'0& 81&(-02 /#& &29&? /#& <.$09&% -< '0

=030-)0 -/#&.)-.*2*( )$*2&.0&%%;6 "#& 1-=02'.( 1&/)&&0 /#& .&'%%=.$09

4$%$1*& )-.*2 '02 /#& =030-)0 $04$%$1*& )-.*2 $% 1.&'5#&2 1( /#& '=.'*

2$:&0%$-0? 1-/# -0 ' #=:'0 %5'*& '02 '0 =0$:'9$0'1*& %5'*&6 @#&0 %-=025.-%%&% /#& 1-.2&. 1&/)&&0 /#&%& ,*'0&% $/ <-.:% ' /&0=-=% 5-00&5/$-0 1&/)&&0

/#&:? )#$5# .&*$&% =,-0 /#& .&'%%=.$09 %-5$'* -.2&. A ' %-5$'* -.2&. /#'/ %/'02% $0

.&*'/$-0 /- /#& $:,-%%$1*&? /#& )-.*2A)$/#-=/A=%6 L/ $% ' 5-:,*&+ '02 %&:$A,-.-=%

1-.2&. 1&/)&&0 /'09$1*& '02 $0/'09$1*& )-.*2% /#'/ $% $0 ,.&5'.$-=% '02 $0

2'09&. -< 2$%%-*4$096 8c'/#? OPPjR ]O];

L/ $% $0 5-*-0$'* J:&.$5' /#'/ )& 5'0 %&& %- :'0( &<<-./% /- 5-0/.-* %,&&5# 1(

5-*-0$%/%6 "#& %,&&5# -< /#& 2$%'<<&5/&2 )'% /'3&0 /- 1& ' M5*':-=.?N '%

$05-:,.&#&0%$1*&? '02 )$/# 0- %&:'0/$5 5-0/&0/? /#&.&<-.& $/ 5-=*2 1&

2$%.&9'.2&26 8c'/#?6 OPPjR]O]; c'/# %#-)% =% #-) M2$%.=,/$4& 0-04&.1'*

&*&:&0/% )&.& 9$4&0 ,.&5&2&05& -4&. /#& *$09=$%/$5 5-0/&0/6N 8,6]O]; @& '.&

.&E=$.&2 /- 5-0<.-0/ ' 5-0<*'/$-0 -< 2'.30&%%? .'5& '02 4-$5& )#&0 c'/#

2&%5.$1&% /#& ,.-,&0%$/( <-. J09*-AJ:&.$5'0% /- 2&&: M&4&.(-0&N $0

%&4&0/&&0/# 5&0/=.( J:&.$5' '% ,-%%&%%&2S #& ,-$0/% /- ' 9&0&.'*$%&2 '0+$&/(

-4&. ,-%%&%%$-0? 0-/$09 /#'/ M/#& 2&4$* )'% -</&0 5-0%/.=&2 '% ' 1*'53 :'06N

8,6]Of; H4&.(2'( :-2&% -< 4-$5$09 2$%/.&%%? -. ,'$0? Q-(? -. ,'%%$-0 '02 %- -0?

)&.& 5-0%$2&.&2 %$90% -< M,-%%&%%$-0? -/#&.0&%% '02 )$*20&%%?N &+$%/$09 M,.$-. /-

.'/$-0'*$/(N 8c'/#? OPP_R ]Oa? ]aj;6 T-%%&%%$-0 )'% 5*&'.*( =02&.%/--2 /#.-=9#

/#& =%& -< 4-$5& '02 4-5'* ',,'.'/=%S /#& ,-%%&%%&2 %,&'3 $0 ' %/.'09& /-09=&6

D0& )'( -< $2&0/$<($09 1&#'4$-=.% '//.$1=/&2 /- ,-%%&%%$-0 $05*=2&2 M/#&

=//&.g'05&h -< )-.2% )$/#-=/ =%$09 /#& -.9'0% -< %,&&5#6N 8c'/#? ]Of; J0 &+/&.$-.

$05=.%$-0 :'0$<&%/% /#.-=9# 4-$5&? )#&.&1( %-=02% &:$//&2 <.-: /#& 1-2( 2'.&

0-/ 4$%$1*& =,-0 /#& *$,%? 0-. /#& /-09=&6 i-$5& $% &:,*-(&2 /- $2&0/$<( /#-%& )#-

'.& ,-%%&%%&26 L< -0& )'% %&&:$09 /- %,&'3 )-.2% )$/#-=/ :-4$09 -0&G% /-09=&?

M,&.#',% ,.-2=5$09 *'1$'* %-=02% 8,? 1? <? 4? -. :; )$/#-=/ :-4$09 -0&G% *$,% '02

=//&.$09 -=/%$2& -< /#& 0-.:'* './$5=*'/-.( ,-)&.%N -< ' ,&.%-0? -0& )-=*2 1&

5-0%$2&.&2 ,-%%&%%&26 8c'/#? ,6]Of; i-$5& 80-/ %,&&5#; 1&5-:&% /#& %&:$A

,-.-=% 1-.2&. /#'/ :'.3% (-= '% &+/&.$-. /-? -. %'<&*( )$/#$0 /#& 1-=02% -< /#&

%-5$'* -.2&.? ' 1-.2&. )#$5# $% '*%- -,&0 /- $05=.%$-0% <.-: /#& =0&'./#*( ,*'0&6



+F@GBE3@AC:

B( 0$0&/&&0/# 5&0/=.( J09*-AJ:&.$5'? /#& :'0'9&:&0/ -< 2$<<&.&05& )'%

:'0$<&%/ )#&0 )#$/& 5-*-0$'*% #&'.2 /#& 4-$5&% -< J<.$5'0 %*'4&% '% '0=0$0/&**$9$1*&? $05-:,.&#&0%$1*& 0-$%&6 @& 5'0 %&& /#$% %5&0'.$- ,*'(&2 -=/

.&,&'/&2*( $0 [-%&,# W-0.'2G% 0-4&**'? L&08* +, '08:"&))6 @.$//&0 $0 ]Y^^? 4-$5&?

)#$%,&.? '02 2'.30&%% <&'/=.& #&'4$*( $0 /#$% 0-4&*6 L&08* +, '08:"&)) $% '

0'..'/$4& '1-=/ /#& Q-=.0&( -< %&':'0? F'.*-)&? $0/- /#& $00&. %/'/$-0% -< /#&

B&*9$'0 W-09- /- .&/.$&4& W-:,'0( :'0 o=./\? )#-G% ',,'.&0/*( *-%$09 #$% :$02

2&&, $0 /#& Q=09*&6 "#.-=9#-=/ #$% Q-=.0&( /- 5-**&5/ /#& :(%/&.$-=% o=./\? /#&

W-09- .&9$-0 $% <.':&2 $0 '0 =0&'./#*( :'00&. '% ' ,*'5& -< 2'.30&%% '02%/.'09& 4-$5&%6 L/ $% ,.$:'.$*( W-0.'2G% 2&%5.$,/$-0% -< 2'.30&%% '02 4-$5&% /#'/

9$4& =% $0%$9#/ $0/- 0$0&/&&0/# 5&0/=.( $2&'% -< )#- $% #=:'0 '02 )#- $% 0-/

#=:'06 J% #& /.'4&*% %/&'2$*( 2&&,&. $0/- /#& .&:-/& Q=09*&? F'.*-)& #&'.% <.-:

'0-/#&. W-:,'0( :'0 /#'/ o=./\ #'% :-%/ *$3&*( 1&&0 2.$4&0 :'2 -. %=<<&.&2

<.-: %&4&.& $**0&%% '02 $% ,.-1'1*( '*.&'2( 2&'26 F'.*-)& <$02% /#'/ /#$%

,-%%$1$*$/( 1.$09% '1-=/ ' %/$09$09 2$%',,-$0/:&0/ $0 #$:6 F'.*-)& 2-&%0G/ *-09

/- :&&/ o=./\? 1=/ /- #&'. #$% 4-$5&R

MML :'2& /#& %/.'09& 2$%5-4&.( /#'/ L #'2 0&4&. $:'9$0&2 #$: '% 2-$09l

1=/ '% 2$%5-=.%$096 L 2$20G/ %'( /- :(%&*<? db-) L )$** 0&4&. %&& #$:?G -.? d

b-) L )$** 0&4&. %#'3& #$: 1( /#& #'02? 1=/? db-) L )$** 0&4&. #&'. #$:6G

"#& :'0 ,.&%&0/&2 #$:%&*< '% ' 4-$5&6N 8W-0.'2? OPPZR _Y;

J% /#& 0-4&* ,.-9.&%%&%? o=./\G% %'0$/( 5-:&% $05.&'%$09*( =02&. E=&%/$-0 )#$*&

F'.*-)&G% 5-:,=*%$-0 /- #&'. o=./\G% 4-$5& $05.&'%&%6 U& $% /#-.-=9#*( 2.$4&0

1( /#& ,-%%$1$*$/( -< #&'.$09 /#& :(%/&.$-=% o=./\G% 4-$5&? '02 <'0/'%$\&% '1-=/

#$% 9&0$=% /#.-=9# /#$% $:'9$0&2 4-$5&6 B( /#& /$:& F'.*-)& <$0'**( <$02% o=./\

2&&, $0 /#& $00&. Q=09*&? 5.')*$09 )&'3*( -0 '** <-=.%? #& -1%&.4&% /#'/? M/#-=9#

#& 5-=*2 #'.2*( %/'02 gl66h /#&.& )'% %/$** ,*&0/( -< 4$9-=. $0 #$% 4-$5&6N 8,6Y]; L/

)'% 0-/ /#& .&'%-0$09? 1=/ /#& %-=02 -< o=./\G% 4-$5& $/%&*< /#'/ &<<&5/&2 F'.*-)&6

@& %&& /#'/ 1&#$02 o=./\G% $:'9$0&2 '02 5-:,&**$09 :'%3 $% ' )&'3 '02 <&&1*&

&:,/$0&%%6 "#& $:'9$0&2? '=/#-.$/$4& 4-$5& -< o=./\ 2-&%0G/ <$/ /#& 1-2(? 9$4$09 $/



'5-=%:'/$5 E='*$/$&%6 "#& M'5-=%:'/$5N 4-$5&? '% ,&-,*& *$3& C5#'&<<&.? W#$-0? '02

7-*'. #'4& 4'.$-=%*( 2&%5.$1&2? $% -0& $0 M%&'.5# -< '0 -.$9$0? $0 %&'.5# -< ' 1-2(?

1=/ &4&0 )#&0 $/ <$02% $/% 1-2(? $/ /=.0% -=/ /#'/ /#$% 2-&%0G/ E=$/& )-.3? /#& 4-$5&

2-&%0G/ %/$53 /- /#& 1-2(6N 87-*'.? OPPfR fP? f]; L&08* +, '08:"&)) .&5-=0/% /#&:&/',#-.$5'* 2'.3 #&'./ -< J<.$5' '02 /#& *$/&.'* 2'.3 #&'./ -< 5-*-0$'*$%:

/#.-=9# F'.*-)&G% '=2$/-.( '02 -.'* $:'9$0$09%R /#& 4-$5&% -< J<.$5'0%?

2&%5.$1&2 '% '0 $05-#&.&0/ 1'11*&? '02 /#& =0&'./#*(? 2'.3 Q=09*& '.& $0/&.)-4&0

)$/# o=./\G% 2&5*$0& $0/- :'20&%%6 o=./\G% '5-=%:'/$5 4-$5& $0/&.:$09*&% )$/#

/#& 1.&'32-)0 -< .&'%-0? =0$0/&**$9$1*& 1*'530&%%? '02 /#& ,-)&. -< 2'.30&%%?

)#$5# $% $05-:,.&#&0%$1*&? =030-)0? $:'9$0&2? '02 '<<&5/$096 "#& %&0%& -<

2$%5-:1-1=*'/$-0 ,'./*( &:'0'/&% <.-: /#& 2$%,'.'/& .'09& -< d4-$5&%G $0 /#&0-4&*6 "#& &+-/$5 <-*$'9& )#$%,&.%? W-:,'0( :&0 '.& -4&.#&'.2 )#$%,&.$09? /#&

J<.$5'0% )#$%,&.? '02 -< 5-=.%&? o=./\G% 2($09 )-.2% '.& )#$%,&.&2R

M"#& #-..-.p "#& #-..-.pN o=./\ 1*=./% -0 #$% 2&'/#1&2? 8W-0.'2? OPPZR Yf; '0

=//&.'05& /#'/ B.&02'0 ̀ 'B&**& 2&%5.$1&% '% M)#$%,&.&2 '02 5.$&2 '/ /#& %':&

:-:&0/6N ̀ 'B&**& 5$/&% /#$% )#$%,&. '% &:1-2($09 /#& &0/$.& W-0.'2 0'..'/$4&?

M5',/=.$09 /#& $0#&.&0/ ':1$9=$/( '02 :&/',#(%$5'* 0'/=.&N -< /#& )#$%,&.6

8`'B&**&? OP]aR ]_j; I-. F'.*-)&? $/ $% /#& =05'00( 4$9-=. /.'5&'1*& $0 o=./\G%

2.&'2<=* )#$%,&. /#'/ .&:'$0%R

Mo=./\ 2$%5-=.%&26N F'.*-)& 2&5*'.&%6 MJ 4-$5&p J 4-$5&p L/ .'09 2&&, /-

/#& 4&.( *'%/6 L/ %=.4$4&2 #$% %/.&09/#? /- #$2& $0 /#& :'90$<$5&0/ <-*2% -<

&*-E=&05& /#& 1'..&0 2'.30&%% -< #$% #&'./6N 8W-0.'2? OPPZR Y_;

"#& :'9$5'* '//.'5/$-0 -< o=./\G% 4-$5& #'2 1-/# -=/*$4&2 #$% ,#(%$5'*$/( '02

-1%5=.&2 #$% 2'.3 #&'./6 MU& )'% 4&.( *$//*& :-.& /#'0 ' 4-$5&6N F'.*-)& /&**% =%?

MJ02 L #&'.2 K #$: K $/ K /#$% 4-$5& K -/#&. 4-$5&% K '** -< /#&: )&.& %- *$//*& :-.&

/#'0 4-$5&% K '02 /#& :&:-.( -< /#'/ /$:& *$09&.% '.-=02 :&? $:,'*,'1*&? *$3& '

2($09 4$1.'/$-0 -< -0& $::&0%& Q'11&.? %$**(? '/.-5$-=%? %-.2$2? %'4'9&? -. %$:,*(

:&'0? )$/#-=/ '0( 3$02 -< %&0%&6N 8,6Ya; L0 /.($09 /- :'3& %&0%& -< o=./\G% *$<&? /-

:'3& %&0%& -< o=./\G% 2&'/#? '02 /#& :&'0$09 -< #$% 2($09 )#$%,&.? F'.*-)&G%



,&.%,&5/$4& $% 1&<=22*&2 '02 #& 5-0<*'/&% /#& %-0-.-=%? '5-=%/$5 ,.-,&./$&% -<

4-$5& )$/# %&:'0/$5 2$%&09'9&:&0/ '02 /#& *-%% -< .&'%-06

"#& )#$%,&. $% '0 =04-$5&2 './$5=*'/$-0? %'(% `'B&**&? M@#'/ 2-&% /#$% 4-$5& )'0/-< :&>N 8`'B&**&? OP]aR ]a^; `'B&**&G% E=&%/$-0 $% %/.$3$09*( %$:$*'. /- /#& -0& )&

#&'. U$**:'0 '%3R M@#'/ 2-&% 1*'53 $0/&02 /- '5#$&4&>N 8U$**:'0? ]^^ZR Z;

B*'530&%% '02 /#& )#$%,&. '.& '5/$4&? /#&( 1.&'3 /#& ,'.'2$9: 1( $0&<<'1*(

2$%%-*4$09 )#'/ )& ,&.5&$4& /- 1& /.=& '02 9--26 "#$% 0-/$-0 -< 1*'530&%% '02

=04-$5$09 )$** 1& .&A&+':$0&2 $0 -=. 5-05*=%$-0? )#&0 )& '//&:,/ /- .&%-*4& /#&

,.-1*&:'/$5 .&*'/$-0 1&/)&&0 1*'530&%% '02 /#& 5-0%/$/=/$-0 -< /#& 5$/$\&06 L0

L&08* +, '08:"&)) )& #'4& &+':$0&2 #-) %-=02% 5-:$09 <.-: /#& 2&,/#% -< /#&2'.3 Q=09*&? '% $< 5-:$09 <.-: 0-)#&.&? '.& 5-0<*'/&2 )$/# *-%% -< .&'%-0 '02 /#&

4-$5&% -< J<.$5'0%? )#-%& $05-:,.&#&0%$1*& d=05-=/# 1'11*&G ,&.,*&+&% '02

<.$9#/&0%? '% )&** '% /.$99&.$09 5-0/&:,/ '02 %=,&.$-.$/(6 F&'0$09 $% $0<=%&2 $0/-

%-=02 '02? '% 4-5'* ,&2'9-9=& b$0' C=0 H$2%#&$: %'(%? /#&%& :&'0$09% M'.&

,&.<-.:&2 1-/# 1( ,&.<-.:&.% l '02 '=2$&05&% '*$3&6N 8H$2%#&$:? OPPYR OO;

"#.-=9# W-0.'2G% 0-4&*? )& '.& 5*&'.*( '1*& /- 5-:,.&#&02 ' .&*'/$-0 1&/)&&0

4-$5& '02 2'.3 E='*$/$&%? '% )&** '% 2'.30&%% $0 .&*'/$-0 /- .'5&6 c'/#G% &+':,*&%

/--3 =% 1&(-02 /#& 1-=02'.$&% -< 5$4$* %-5$&/( )#&.& /#& =0/':&'1*& '02 /#&

%'4'9& *'(S 4-$5& 5.-%%&2 /#& /#.&%#-*2 -< /#&%& 1-=02'.$&%? 1.$09$09 /#&

-/#&.)-.*2*( '02 )$*2 '%,&5/% -< /#& $04$%$1*& )-.*2 $0/- /#& .&'*: -< /#&

5$4$*$%&2? 4$%$1*& )-.*26 B*'53 4-$5& $% 0-) 5-05&$4&2 -< '02 0'/=.'*$%&2 '% d0-$%&?G

d0-$%(?G d=0$0/&**$9$1*&?G '02 /#&.&<-.& -< 0- *$09=$%/$5 $:,-./'05&6 B*'53 4-$5& 5'0

1& 2$%5-=0/&2? <-. 1*'530&%% $% -=/%$2& -< 5$4$* %-5$&/(? '% @$*2&.%-0 '02 F-/&0

5*'$:6

=3G;F;6>I>6? CE3 0;>G3

i-$5&% '.& -</&0 %'$2 /- d5=.&G -4&. /#& (&'.%6 W$9'.&//& %:-3&? $**0&%%? '24'05$09

'9&? )#$%3&(? /#& E='*$/( -< -0&G% 4-$5& $% ' :$+/=.& -< ,#(%$5'*? /&:,-.'* '02

&04$.-0:&0/'* <'5/-.%6 "#& E='*$/( -< /#& 4-$5& )& '.& *$%/&0$09 /- 5'0 &E='**( 1&

%'$2 /- 1& 5-*-=.&2 1( -=. -)0 ,&.5&,/$-0%6 @#'/ <.&E=&05$&% :$9#/ )& ,&.5&$4&

1&(-02 /#-%& ,#(%$5'* '02 &04$.-0:&0/'* <'5/-.%> "- .&<&. /- -=. &'.*$&.

E=&%/$-0? 5'0 4-$5& 1& =%&2 /- 5-04&( 2'.30&%%> "#& ,-%%$1$*$/( -< '22$09 d5-*-=.G



/- ' 4-$5& $% <.&E=&0/*( =02&.%/--2 '% /#& 5-02$/$-0 -< %(0'&%/#&%$'? )#&.&1(

%&0%'/$-0% $0 -0& :-2'*$/( 8&696 #&'.$09; 5-05=..&0/*( ,.-2=5& %&0%'/$-0% $0

'0-/#&. :-2'*$/( 8&696 5-*-=.; '% )&** '% $/n% -)06 "#& Xo C(0'&%/#&%$'

J%%-5$'/$-0 )&1%$/& 2&%5.$1&% /#& 5-02$/$-0 '% ' M=0$-0 -< /#& %&0%&%N )#&.&1(M/)- -. :-.& -< /#& <$4& %&0%&% /#'/ '.& 0-.:'**( &+,&.$&05&2 %&,'.'/&*( '.&

$04-*=0/'.$*( '02 '=/-:'/$5'**( Q-$0&2 /-9&/#&. gl6h "#&%& %&0%'/$-0% '.&

'=/-:'/$5 '02 5'00-/ 1& /=.0&2 -0 -. -<<6N 8OP]a; C(0'&%/#&%$'? /#& %/.'09& <'5/

-< 5-*-=.$09 %-=02? -. %-=02$09 5-*-=.? 1&5-:&% $:,-./'0/ /- -=. &+,*-.'/$-0 -<

4-$5& $0 .&*'/$-0 /- 2'.30&%% '02 B*'53 C/=2$&% )#&0 /.$'09=*'/&2 )$/# /#&

.&*'/$-0%#$, 1&/)&&0 4$%='* 1*'530&%% '02 /#& :-.'*$%'/$-0 -< 5-*-=. /&.:%6 7-

4-$5&% #'4& 5-*-=.> @#'/ 5-*-=. 2- )& 1.$09 /- 4-$5&> "$:1.&? -. %-=02 5-*-=.?$% '0 $:,-./'0/ 5#'.'5/&.$%/$5 -< %-=026 c&:&:1&. /#'/ '** :'//&. $% 4$1.'/$09S

[=*$'0 U&0.$E=&% 5-0%$2&.% /$:1.& '% /#& /#$.2 <&'/=.& -< %-=02 4$1.'/$-0% 8/#&

-/#&. /)- 1&$09 /#&$. *-=20&%% '02 ,$/5#;6 I-. U&0.$E=&%? /$:1.& $% M' :$+ -<

':,*$/=2& '02 <.&E=&05(6N 8U&0.$E=&%? OP]]R __; ̀ $%/&0$09 '02 %-=02$09 '.&

&0/)$0&26 @& 1&*$&4& /#& .&E=$.&2 '//.$1=/&% -< 4-$5& $0/- 1&$096 7-&% /#$%

/&02&05( 5-:& <.-: /#& :&/',#(%$5'* =.9& /- 30-) $< /#$09% '.& .&'* -. =0.&'*?

)#&/#&. /#$09% '.& /#&.&? -. 0-/ /#&.&> D=. ,&.5&,/$-0 -< 4-$5& $% ' .&$0/&.,.&/&2

$0/&.,.&/'/$-06 D0&G% '//&0/$-0 $% 2.')0 -0*( /- )#'/ $% )-./# *$%/&0$09 /-? '02

)#'/ $% -< 4'*=& /- (-= $% )#-**( %=1Q&5/$4&6

@& )$** 0-) /=.0 /- /#& )-.3 -< 4-5'* ,&2'9-9=&? b$0' C=0 H$2%#&$:? /- 5-0%$2&.

/#& $:,-./'05& -< 5-*-=.$09 %-=02? %,&5$<$5'**( 4-5'* /$:1.&? /- /#$% ,.-Q&5/6 L0

#&. 2-5/-.'* /#&%$%? 2+-3& 0) 0 $&3%"+/+6< +, D&/,%++4; $+M084) 0" 1"0/<)-) +,

O03-0/-P&4 $-=Q8& 0"4 2+30/ .&8,+8=0"3& 8OPPY;? H$2%#&$: 5-05&,/='*$%&% /#&

.'5$'*$\'/$-0 -< 4-5'* /$:1.& '02 '//&:,/% /- %#-) #-) ' .'5$'*$\'/$-0 -< 4-5'*

/$:1.& 5-..&*'/&% /- /#& M%-:'/$5 .&'*$%'/$-0 -< .'5&6N 8@-09? OPPZ? 5$/&2 $0

H$2%#&$:R O; D0& -< /#& :-.& ,.-2=5/$4& ,-%$/$-0% /#'/ H$2%#&$: &+,*-.&% 5'0 1&

%&&0 )#&0 %#& %#-)% #-) 4$%='* 1*'530&%% 5'0 1& ,.-Q&5/&2 -0/- 4-5'* /$:1.&?

.&%=*/$09 $0 /#& ,&.5&,/$-0 -< %-0$5 1*'530&%% K /#& 1*'53 1-2( '02 $/% 4-$5&6 "#$%

5.&'/&% ' <'*%& 2$%/$05/$-0 1&/)&&0 %-=02% /#'/ 5'0 %=,,-%&2*( 5-:& <.-: 1*'53

1-2$&% '02 <.-: )#$/& 1-2$&%? %&//$09 5-02$/$-0% <-. )#- $% '**-)&2 /- %,&'3? '02

)#- $% *$%/&0$096 "#$% ,#&0-:&0-0 /'3&% /#& .'5$'* 5-*-=.A*$0& $0/- /#& %-0$5



.&'*:6 H$2%#&$: '//&:,/% /- 2&0'/=.'*$\& d1*'53 4-$5&G 1( 0':$09 '02 :',,$09

/#& 2$%/$05/ %-0$5 1-.2&. /#'/ 2$%/$09=$%#&% $2&' -< ' 1*'53 4-$5& <.-: /#& $2&' -<

' )#$/& 4-$5& '02 2&:-0%/.'/&% /#'/ /#& 5-0%/.=5/$-0 '02 :'$0/&0'05& -< .'5&

5'0 1& -.9'0$%&2 4$' ' .'5$'*$\&2 4-5'* /$:1.&6 L/ $% 3&( $% /- .&<=%& ' .&2=5/$-0 -<1*'530&%% /- 4-$5&? )#$5# )-=*2 *&'4& =% -,&0 /- '55=%'/$-0% -< 0&9'/$4&*(

&:,*-($09 4-$5& /- 5#'00&* 2$%-.2&. '02 2&.&*$5/$-0 Q=%/ '% F-/&0 '55=%&%

@$*2&.%-0 -< '%5.$1$09 2$%-.2&. '02 2&.&*$5/$-0 /- 1*'530&%%6 c'/#&.? ,&.#',% )&

5'0 '//&:,/ ' 0&) =02&.%/'02$09 -< /#& )'(% /#'/ 4-$5& *$03% J<.-,&%%$:$%:G%

$2&' -< 1*'530&%% '% $:,-%%$1*&? =0%,&'3'1*&? '02 &+5*=%$4&*( 1*'53 )$/# B*'53

D,% $2&'% -< /#& %-0$5 1&$09 /#& %$/& )#&.& 1*'530&%% :-4&% )$/# :-%/ <-.5&6

8B.'.? OP]OR Of; i-$5& $% %,&5$<$5'**( /$&2 /- /#& #=:'0? $% #=:'0 %-=02? '02 $/ $%H$2%#&$:G% E=&%/ /- *-5'/& /#& :&5#'0$%:% $04-*4&2 $0 /#& M,.-2=5/$-0?

.&5&,/$-0 '02 0':$09 -< 4-5'* /$:1.&N 8H$2%#&$:? OPPYR O]; /#'/ $% 5.=5$'* /- /#$%

,.-Q&5/6 "#& E=&%/$-0 -< $02=5/$-0 $0/- M%/'/&A%'05/$-0&2 $0/&.%=1Q&5/$4$/( $0

-.2&. /- 1&5-:& :',,'1*& )$/#$0 /#& 9.$2 -< /#& /.'0%5&02&0/'* %=1Q&5/N 8F-/&0?

OP]jR _; %*$,% '02 9-&% ').( -05& =0:',,'1*& 4-$5& $% /#& <=*5.=: =,-0 )#$5#

/#'/ 9.$2 .&%/%6 "- *$4& <=9$/$4&*( '02 $0 5-0%/'0/ &%5',& 1&5-:&% $:,-%%$1*&

)#&0 4-$5&? )#$5# '*)'(% &%5',&%? 1*=.% /#& /&..'$0 1&/)&&0 $0/&.$-.m&+/&.$-.?

5$4$*m=05$4$*6

B( :',,$09 '02 '0'*(%$09 /#& :$5.-5-.,-.&'* <'%#$-0$09 -< 4-5'* /$:1.&?

H$2%#&$: %=99&%/%? M)& )$** '*%- $2&0/$<( '02 /#&.&1( 2&0'/=.'*$%& /#& 2&4$5&%

=%&2 $0 /#& 5-0%/.=5/$-0% '02 :'$0/&0'05& -< .'5&6N 8H$2%#&$:? OPPYR O; J :-4&

/-)'.2% /#& 2&5-*-0$\'/$-0 -< .'5$'*$\&2 4-5'* /$:1.& $% '0 $2&' /#'/ 5'0 1&

,.-2=5/$4&*( =/$*$%&2 $0 -=. &+,*-.'/$-0 -< 2'.30&%%? 1*'530&%%? '02 4-$5&

1&5'=%& $/ 5'0 $2&0/$<( /#& )'(% /#'/ 1*'530&%% $% 5-0%/.=5/&2 4$' /#& %-0$56

H$2%#&$: '.9=&% /#'/ 4-5'* /$:1.& $% /#& %-=02 -< #'1$/='* ,&.<-.:'05& %#',&2

1( /#& 5-0%5$-=% '02 =05-0%5$-=% /.'$0$09 -< /#& ,#(%$5'* 1-2(S 4-5'* /$:1.& '.&

M5=*/=.'* './$<'5/% -< '//$/=2&% /-)'.2% 9&02&.? 5*'%%? .'5&? '02 %&+='*$/(6N 8OPPYR

O; L0 /.($09 /- =02&.%/'02 /#& $0/&.%&5/$-0 1&/)&&0 4-$5&? 5=*/=.&? '02 1-2(?

H$2%#&$: %/'./% /- =0.'4&* /#& ,#&0-:&0-0 -< ,&.5&,/$-0 -< 4-5'* /$:1.&6 8,6Z;

@& :'( '//&:,/ /- '%%&%% 1-/# /#& 5.&'/$-0 -< 4-5'* /$:1.&? '02 /#& 5-0%/.=5/$-0

-< $02$4$2='*$%&2 :&'0$09 /#.-=9# 4-5'* /$:1.&? $0 -.2&. /- #$9#*$9#/ /#& )'(%



/#'/ 4-$5&? '% ' :'.3&. -< .'5$'* $2&0/$/(? %=,,-./% %-5$'* 5-#&.&05&6 8,6]P; M@#&0

1-2$&% '.& :'.3&2 '% .'5$'*N? H$2%#&$: 0-/&%? M5-*-0$'* $2&'% '.& -</&0

$0'24&./&0/*( .&A$0%5.$1&26N 8,6]P; @#&0 )& #&'. ' 1*'53 4-$5&? )& '.&

,&.5&$4$09 M:&2$'/&2 4-5'* /$:1.&? %#',&2 1( ' %-5$'* %(%/&:6N 8,6OO; "#&.'5$'*$%'/$-0 -< /$:1.& 5'0 '*%- =02&.%5-.& #-) )#$/& 4-$5& $% 5.&'/$09 '

0-.:'/$4& )#$/& 4-$5& '9'$0%/ )#$5# 1*'53 4-$5& :=%/ 1& -/#&.? '02 )#$/& 4-$5&

:=%/ 1& 0-.:'*6

+F@GB 0;>G3J KE>C3 +;=L

J 4-$5& ,$/5#g&2h 1*'53 $% <.&E=&0/*( &+,*-$/&2 %=..&,/$/$-=%*( -05& .&,'53'9&2<-. 5-0%=:,/$-0 1( )#$/& '=2$&05&%6 "#& 5'/&9-.$&% -55=,$&2 1( M=0&E=$4-5'*

1*'53 1-2$&%N 8H$2%#&$:? OPPYR Yj; '.& /=.0&2 -0 /#&$. #&'2% 1( 4-$5&% /#'/

,&.<-.: ' ,'./$5=*'. 3$02 -< 1*'530&%% <-. ,-,=*'. &0/&./'$0:&0/6 F=%$5

,.-2=5&.% 30-) -0*( /-- )&** #-) 4-5'* /$:1.& '02 :=%$5'* 9&0.& 5-:1$0& /-

5'*5$<( &+,&5/'/$-0% '1-=/ .'5& K 5-=0/.( :=%$5 $0 /#& X0$/&2 C/'/&% $% ,'53'9&2

,.&2-:$0'0/*( /- )#$/& )-.3$09 5*'%% '=2$&05&%? <-. &+':,*& A %- )#&0 )& *$%/&0

/- ' %$09&. %=5# 7=%/( C,.$09<$&*2? )#- )'% -</&0 '%%=:&2 /- 1& 1*'53 1( /#-%&

)#- #'2 #&'.2 1=/ 0-/ %&&0 #&.? /#& %&0%'/$-0 -< ' 1*'53 4-$5& 5-:$09 <.-: '

)#$/& 1-2( $% %5$0/$**'/$096 L0 ' .&5&0/ /&*&4$%$-0 2-5=:&0/'.( '1-=/ /#& *'/&

7=%/( C,.$09<$&*2? B.$/$%# %$09&. `=*= %'$2 -< #&. /#'/R

MT'./ -< #&. '//.'5/$-0 )'% /#'/ %#& )'% ' )#$/& 9$.* )#- 5-=*2 %$09 /#'/

<'1=*-=% 1*'53 cG0GB :=%$56N 8'&,-"-*&/< '()*< ? BBWa? OP]j;

"#& 2-5=:&0/'.( 4-$5&-4&. .&4&'*&2 /#'/? M2=11&2 /#& E=&&0 -< 1*=&A&(&2 %-=*?

7=%/( )'% -</&0 '%%=:&2 /- 1& 1*'53 1( /#-%& )#- #'2 #&'.2 0=/ 0-/ %&&0 #&.6N

L0 /#& %':& 2-5=:&0/'.(? F-/-)0 T.-2=5&. [&..( @&+*&.? )#- )-.3&2 )$/#

C,.$09<$&*2 -0 #&. 7=%/( $0 F&:,#$% '*1=:? 2&%5.$1&2 #-) %#& )'%

M:&%:&.$%&2N 1( 1*'53 %$09&.% '02 #-) M/#&.& )'% Q=%/ ' /.&:&02-=%*( %-=*<=*

%,$.$/='* <&&*$09 &4&0 /#-=9# %#& )'%0G/ .'$%&2 $0 ' B',/$%/ 5#=.5# %#'3$09 '

/':1-=.$0&6N "#$% '//'5#:&0/ /- /#& $2&' -< 1*'53 ,&-,*& ,-%%&%%$09 ' d0'/=.'*G

%-=*<=*0&%% $:,=90% /#& 5.&'/$4$/( '02 /'*&0/ -< /#& './$%/? /#& :'0( #-=.% %,&0/



.&#&'.%$09 '02 ,&.<&5/$09 %-09% '02 ,&.<-.:'05&%? '02 /#& 5-:,*&+$/( '02 %3$**

.&E=$.&2 1( .&5-.2$09 '02 ,.-2=5/$-0 ,.-5&%%&%6 ]^_PG% b-./#&.0 L.$%# 1*=&%

%$09&. D//$*$& T'//&.%-0 )'% 2&%5.$1&2 '% #'4$09 ' d*=%/( 5*'.$/(G '02 E=-/&2 '%

%'($09? ML 2-0G/ 30-) )#&/#&. L 9-/ #-*2 -< /#& 1*=&%? -. )#&/#&. /#&( 9-/ #-*2 -<:&N$ $0'24&./&0/*( '**=2$09 /- /#& *=g5h.& -< 1*'530&%% '02 .'$%$09 E=&%/$-0%

'.-=02 /#& -)0&.%#$, '02 5-::-2$/$%'/$-0 -< /#& 1*'53 :=%$5? )#$*%/

%$:=*/'0&-=%*( .&<&..$09 /- /#& 1*'530&%% $0 :=%$5 '% 5#/#-0$5? =0&+,*'$0'1*&?

'..&%/$09 '02 ,-)&.<=*6

D/#&. :-.& .&5&0/ )#$/& %$09&.% %=5# '% c$53 J%/*&(? `$%' C/'0%<$&*2? J2&*&? [-%

C/-0& '02 J:( @$0&#-=%& #'4& '** 1&&0 2&%5.$1&2 '% #'4$09 ' d1$9? %-=*G 4-$5& A$0 -/#&. )-.2%? ' d1*'53G 4-$5&6 `=*=G% 5-::&0/ $0 ,'./$5=*'. $2&0/$<$&% /#&

2'\\*$09 '//.'5/$-0 -< ' )#$/& 1-2( ,.-2=5$09 ' 1*'53 4-$5&6 "#$% $% $:,-./'0/

1&5'=%& $/ -,&0% =, E=&%/$-0% -< &0'5/:&0/? ,-)&.? 5-::-2$/$\'/$-0? '02 /#&

5-0%/.=5/$-0 -< .'5&6 i-$5& 2-&% 0-/ #'4& 5-*-=.? -. *$9#/0&%%? -. 2'.30&%%S (&/ )&

)'0/ $/ /-6 @& 1.$09 /- 4-$5& '% :=5# $0<-.:'/$-0 '% )& 0&&26 T&.#',% )& '22

5-*-=. /- 4-$5& /- '**&4$'/& /#& =01&'.'1*& 4-$2 /#'/ 7-*'.? ̀ '5'0? &/ '* #'4&

.&<&..&2 /-6 L/ $% 0-/ =05-::-0 /- #&'. 1*'53 %$09$09 4-$5&% 2&%5.$1&2 '% 2&&,?

.')? 4&*4&/(? ,-)&.<=*? %-=*<=*? )'.:? '=/#&0/$5? -. 1$9S ,'./$5=*'.*( 4-$5&%

'%%-5$'/&2 )$/# C-=* '02 cG0GB %/(*&%? '02 /#& $0/.-2=5/$-0 -< )#$/& 1-2$&%

,.-2=5$09 )#'/ $% /(,$5'**( .&5-90$%&2 '% ' 1*'53 %-=02 5'0 1& &+,*-.&2 $0

.&*'/$-0 /- /.-,&% -< 1*'530&%% '02 &0'5/:&0/6 @& 5'0 5*&'.*( $:'9$0& 0-) /#'/ $/

$% 4-$5& )#$5# $% 5','1*& -< 1.$09$09 $0/- 1&$09 80-/ :&.&*( &+,.&%%$09; '

.&*'/$-0'*$/( /- 5$4$* %-5$&/(? )#$*%/ %$:=*/'0&-=%*( '5/$09 -=/ '02 &%5',$09

1*'530&%%6

@G;<:D@C>G +F@GB63::

i-$5& 5'0 1& =02&.%/--2 '% ' :'.3&. -< :'.9$0'*$\&2 1*'53 1-2$&%? 1=/ '*%- '% '

.&<*&5/$-0 -< )$2&. .'5$'* %/&.&-/(,&% '1-=/ 1*'530&%% '02 5.$:$0'*$/(6 F&02$

D1'2$3&? $0 #&. 2-5/-.'* /#&%$%? R+M >-4&/-*<; D*&8&+*<B&4 9/03:"&)) -" *%& >-&/4 +,

D+("4 ? 8OPP_; %#& #$9#*$9#/% /#'/ %/&.&-/(,& $% 5#'.'5/&.$\&2 '% ' 4$%='* ,.-1*&:6

C/&.&-/(,& $% 0-.:'**( 4$%='*6 D1'2$3& 2$%/$09=$%#&% /#& 5-*-=.A*$0& /#.-=9# /#&

%-0$5 /--6 "#.-=9# H$2%#&$: '02 C/-&4&.AJ53&.:'0 )& #'4& &05-=0/&.&2



&+':,*&% -< ' .'5$'*$\&2 %-0$5? -,&.'/$09 /#.-=9# *$%/&0$09 ,.'5/$5&% )#&.&1(

%-:& 4-$5&% 5-0Q=.& '02 $:'9& -< )#$/&0&%%? '02 %-:& 4-$5&% 5-0Q=.& '0 $:'9&

-< 1*'530&%%6 D55=*'.5&0/.$%: 5-04&0$&0/*( '**-)% =% /- 4$&) %/&.&-/(,& '% '

4$%='* ,.-1*&:? (&/ /#& 4$%='* 0'/=.& -< %/&.&-/(,& &+/&02% /- %-0$5 .&'*:6D1'2$3&G% 5-05&,/ -< d'5-=%:'/$5 1*'530&%%G E=&%/$-0% /#$% /- .&4&'* #-) 1*'53

4-$5& $% #&'.2? ,&.5&$4&2 '02 5-0%/.=5/&26 L0 #&. /#&%$%? D1'2$3& 2&5-0%/.=5/%

9+-/&8 O++= 8OPPP;? ' <$*: '1-=/ '0 $**&9$/$:'/& <$.: -< (-=09? ':1$/$-=%? )#$/&?

$::-.'* %/-531.-3&.% $0 )#$5# /#&.& '.& '*:-%/ 0- 1*'53 5#'.'5/&.%6 U-)&4&.?

)#&0 /#& :'$0 g)#$/&h 5#'.'5/&.% %&/ -=/ /- 5-::$/ )#$/&A5-**'. 5.$:&? 9'09%/&.

.', '02 #$, #-, %-=02/.'53% '.& =%&2 /- 9'.0$%# /#& )#$/& 5#'.'5/&.% )$/# '

d%-0$5 %3$06G @$/#-=/ ,*'5$09 1*'53 1-2$&% $0/- /#& 4$%='* .&'*:? /#& $05*=%$-0 -<9'09%/&. .', $0/.-2=5&% /#& .&E=$.&2 ,*-/ '//.$1=/&%? '**=2$09 2$'9&/$5'**( /- /#&

,.&%&05& -< M,--. 1*'53 :&0 '% /#& %/'02'.2 -< 5.'%%? .=/#*&%%? 4$-*&0/

)'%/&<=*0&%%6N 8D1'2$3&? OPP_R ]jY 5$/&2 $0 H$2%#&$:R f^; L0 ' %=1/*& 1=/

,&.%$%/&0/ .'5$'*$%&2 /.-,&? 9'09%/&. .', $% =%&2 /- <-.&9.-=02 5.$:$0'*$/( $0 /#$%

<$*: 0'..'/$4&6 "#& ,.&%&05& -< 1*'530&%% $% .&,.&%&0/&2 -0*( /#.-=9# %-=02 '02

:=%$5S /#& 1*'53 1-2( $% 0-/ ,#(%$5'**( ,.&%&0/ $0 9+-/&8 O++=? 1=/ /#&

:'.9$0'*$/( -< /#& 1*'53 1-2( 1&5-:&% =%&<=* )#&0 .&E=$.&2 /- .&,.&%&0/

'%,&5/% -< /#& 0'..'/$4&? /#.-=9# %-0$5 0='05&% 2&%$90'/&2 '% d1*'536G 8H$2%#&$:?

,6f^; b':$09 '5-=%:'/$5 1*'530&%% <-.5&% =% /- E=&%/$-0 #-) %-=02% /#'/ '.$%&

<.-: 1*'53 1-2$&% '02 /#-%& /#'/ '.$%& <.-: )#$/& 1-2$&% '.& 2&0-/&2 '%

2$%/$09=$%#'1*&6

F-.& .&5&0/*(? 706-3-0" !=B+))-Q/&; '<"0=+ -0 BBW "&*&4$%$-0 .&5&0/*( .&4&'*&2

#-) '5-=%:'/$5 1*'530&%% $0%&./&2 :'.9$0'*$%&2 1*'53 1-2$&% $0 -.2&. /- 2.')

=,-0 %/&.&-/(,$5'* .&*'/$-0% 1&/)&&0 1*'530&%% '02 :'9$5? -.? 1*'53 :'9$56

7(0':- )#- $% )#$/&? ,&.<-.:% %/.&&/ :'9$5? ,&.<-.:$09 %/'./*$09 $**=%$-0% -0

1-/# /#& =0%=%,&5/$09 :'0 $0 /#& %/.&&/ '02 5&*&1.$/$&% $0 2&*=+& 5-:,*&+&% '02

:'0%$-0% '*$3&6 D</&0 <*'03&2 1( '0 &0%&:1*& -< )$09:&0 '02 '*)'(% '//.'5/$09

9'%,% '02 )#--,% -< ':'\&:&0/? 7(0':-G% ,&.<-.:&2 $**=%$-0% #'4& '/ /$:&%

1&&0 %- ,&.,*&+$09 '02 =00&.4$09 /#'/ :&:1&.% -< #$% %/.&&/ '=2$&05& #'4& <*&26

L0 -0& %5&0& )& )'/5# 5&*&1.$/( U'..$%-0 I-.2 $0 #$% 1&%,-3& 3$/5#&0 $0%/.=5/&2

1( 7(0':- /- %*$5& $0/- ' <.&%# -.'09& ,*=53&2 <.-: /#& <.=$/ 1-)*6 J%/-=02&2 /-



<$02 /#& ,*'($09 5'.2 <=.*&2 =, $0%$2& /#& -.'09&? )#$5# #&G2 -0*( :-:&0/%

1&<-.& %&*&5/&2 <.-: 7(0':-G% 2&53 -< 5'.2%? I-.2 /=.0&2 /- 7(0':- )$/# ' *--3

-< %/=00&2 '*'.: '02 /-*2 #$: /- MV&/ /#& <=53 -=//' :( #-=%&6N "#& %-=02/.'53

/#.-=9#-=/ ,.&2-:$0'0/*( $05*=2&2 ' 2$4&.%& .'09& -< 1*'53 './$%/% %=5# '% V$*C5-//AU&.-0? ̀ '1.$0/#? 7$0'# @'%#$09/-0? o&02.$53 ̀ ':'.? '02 B$** @$/#&.%

':-09 -/#&.% $0 Q=%/ -0& &,$%-2&6 J5-=%:'/$5 1*'530&%% #&.& -,&.'/&% /#.-=9#

/#& <-.5&% -< /#& 1*'53 .'2$+R 1*'53 :'9$5? 4-=2=0? /#& =030-)'1*&? /#&

=0&+,*'$0'1*&? '02 /#& ,&.<-.:'05& -< .$/='*? ,.-4$2$09 7(0':- )$/# ' d%-0$5

%3$0G '02 5*-'3$09 #$% $**=%$-0% $0 ' ,'/$0' -< ,-/&0/ '02 &+-/$5 -/#&.)-.*2*$0&%%6

J5-=%:'/$5 1*'530&%% $% &0*$%/&2 /- $0/.-2=5& 1*'53 :'.9$0'*$/( /- /#& 0'..'/$4&?

/- $02$5'/& 5#'-%? 2$%-.2&.? :'9$5? %=,&.0'/=.'* ,-)&.%? '02 /#& %#'2-)( /#.&'/-< /#& '1(%% A '//.'5/$09 '02 .&,&**$09? &+5$/$09 '02 '*'.:$09? '02? '% U$**:'0

)-=*2 #'4& $/? &0/$5$09 M/#& %-=*G% 2&%$.& /- 2&%5&02 $0/- 2'.30&%%? *$3&

T&.%&,#-0& $0/- U'2&%6N 8U$**:'0? ]^^ZR ]P;

:;6>G G;F;<AMF>63

L/ $% 0-) 5*&'.R /#& /&02&05( /- '%%-5$'/& 2'.30&%% )$/# 1*'530&%% #'% 1&&0 9$4&0

5=*/=.'* %#'2$09 /#.-=9#-=/ #$%/-.(? )#$5# .&<*&5/% -0/- .'5$'* ,&.5&,/$-0%6 e-=

5'0G/ %&& 4-$5&? /#&.&G% 0- 5-*-=. -. .'5& $0 4-$5&? (&/ /#&.& '.& $0<*&5/$-0% /#'/ )&

,&.5&$4& '% .&4&'*$09 #$%/-.(? '02 /#&%& ,&.5&$4&2 #$%/-.$&% :'( .&4&'* -=.

=02&.%/'02$09 -< .'5& '02 2$<<&.&05&6 @& #'4& .&5-90$%&2 /#& ,.-,&0%$/( /-

5-0<*'/& 2'.30&%%? d.'5&G? '02 4-$5&6 J22$/$-0'**(? -=. *$%/&0$09 ,.'5/$5&% '.&

$0/.$0%$5'**( *$03&2 /- 5-*-=. /--S %-0$5 )#$/&0&%% 2$%5$,*$0&% K *$3& 4-5'* /$:1.&?

$/ $% %-5$'**( 5-#&%$4&6 b-/ -0*( 4$%$1*& 5-*-=.? 1=/ %-0$5 5-*-=. )'% '02 %/$** $%

$:'9$0&2 %/&.&-/(,$5'**(6 "#& %-=02% -< 1*'53 2$<<&.&05& '.& 5-0%/.=5/&2 '%

,&5=*$'.? =0=%&<=*? '02 '/ ' 2$%/'05& <.-: d0-.:'*G )#$/& %-=02%6 [&00$<&.

C/-&4&.AJ53&.:'0 5'**% /#$% ,#&0-:&0-0 /#& d%-0$5 5-*-=.A*$0&G6 C#& E=-/&%

W#'.*&% C&'/%<$&*2G% R-,& -" *%& 5&M S+8/4@ +8 D:&*3%&) +, 1=&8-30" D+3-&*< 8]Yaa;

$0 ' ,'%%'9& /#'/ *$3&0% 1*'53 %*'4&% /- '0$:'*%R

D*2 '02 (-=09 ,$9% 9.=0/? ,$5'00$0$&% %5.&':? -*2 C$1(* '02 W'*(,%- %5-*2?

'02 '** 5-::&05& /#&$. .$9:'.-*& /- &0Q-( /#& 5-:$09 2'( K /- %5.&':? /-



,.'//*&? /- %$09 '02 /- *&', K ' 5-0<=%&2 :'%%? /)-A<--/&2 '02 <-=.A<--/&2?

<&'/#&.&2 '02 =0<&'/#&.&2 5.&'/=.&%6 8C/-&4&.AJ53&.:'0? OP]]R ]jY;

B( .&2=5$09 1*'53 %,&&5# /- 0-04&.1'* d,.'//*&G? -. %5.&':% /- d.$9:'.-*&GC/-&4&.AJ53&.:'0 0-/&%? /#& )#$/& *$%/&0&. 5-:,.&#&02% /#&%& :-:&0/% :&.&*(

'% '=.'* %$90% -< 1*'530&%% 8.'/#&. /#'0 ' 5.( <-. #&*, -. &+,.&%%$-0 -<

&0Q-(:&0/;6 "#& 4&.1'* '02 0-0A4&.1'* %-=02% '.& 5-0<*'/&2 )$/# /#&

5-0%/.=5/$-0 -< ' %-0$5 5-*-=.A*$0& /#'/ 2$%/$09=$%#&% <&:'*&% '02 %*'4&% '%

d5.&'/=.&%G6 8OP]]R Oa; B*'530&%% $% %&,'.'/&2 <.-: /#& #=:'0 /#.-=9# 4-$5&6

"#& %-0$5 5-*-=.A*$0& M2&%5.$1&% #-) .'5& $% :&2$'/&2 /#.-=9# '=.'* %$90$<$&.% '%

)&** '% 4$%='* -0&%6N 8OP]]R O]; "#& %#$</ /-)'.2% 4$%='* '02 ).$//&0 :-2&% -<30-)*&29& $05.&'%$09*( :'.9$0'*$\&2 %-=02% '% &:-/$-0'*? =0%/'1*&? '02

=0,.&2$5/'1*& A E='*$/$&% *-09 '%%-5$'/&2 )$/# 1*'530&%% 8'02 <&:'*&0&%%;6

8C/-&4&.AJ53&.:'0? OP]]R O]; J %-0$5 5-*-=.A*$0& &:,*-(% /#& =0%&&0 /-

2$%/$09=$%# .'5$'* $2&0/$/(R )#$/& d%-=02G '02 1*'53 d0-$%&6G W*'%%? /'%/&? %/(*&?

,.&<&..&2 *'09='9&? '02 &5-0-:$5 %/.'/'? '% )&** '% 4-*=:& '02 /-0& '.&

%/.'/$<$&2 4$' /#& %-0$56 @#$/& *$%/&0$09 ,.'5/$5&% '.& 2&&:&2 '% 2$%/$05/ <.-:

1*'53 *$%/&0$09 ,.'5/$5&% $0 )#'/ $% %/$** '0 '**&9&2*( d0'/=.'*G ,-)&. .&*'/$-06

C/-&4&.AJ53&.:'0 5'**% =,-0 =% /- M%&0%$/$4&*( 0'4$9'/& /#& =0%&&0?N %- )& :'(

,.-2=5/$4&*( 5-05&$4& -< 1*'530&%% '% 1&*-09$09 /- &4&.(1-2(? M-=/%$2& /#& .&'*:

-< /#& 4$%='* '02 $0/- /#& 2-:'$0 -< 1*'530&%% '% ' 0&) '=.'* '1$*$/(6N 8,6O^;

@ =@AB :>F36G3

"#.&'/% /#'/ (-= 30-) '.& /#&.&? 1=/ /#'/ (-= 5'0 0&$/#&. #&'.? 0-. %&&? '.&

,&.,*&+$09 /- /#& %&0%&% $0 /#& &+/.&:&6 L0 -=. *'%/ &+':,*&? $%& N"*-*< ? C$20&( [6

I=.$&G% <$*: <.-: ]^YO? )& 1&'. )$/0&%% Q=%/ /#$% ,#&0-:&0-06 T=.,-./&2*(

1'%&2 -0 ' /.=& %/-.(? '5/.&%% B'.1'.' U&.%#&(G% 5#'.'5/&.? W'.*' F-.'0? $%

'//'53&2 1( ' %$*&0/ &0/$/( /#'/ )& 5'0 0&$/#&. #&'. 0-. %&&6 "#& %=22&0?

2$%/=.1$09? '//'53% 1=$*2 /#.-=9#-=/ /#& <$*: $0 <.&E=&05(? 4$-*&05& '02 $0/&0%$/(?

1&9$00$09 )$/# =0&+,*'$0'1*& 2--. %*'::$09? /- %/$09$09 %*',% '5.-%% /#& <'5&?

/#&0 5=*:$0'/$09 $0 4$-*&0/ %&+='* '%%'=*/%6 ML )'% .',&2?N W'.*' /&**% ' 2-5/-.6

Me-= )&.& .',&2 1( )#-:>N #& ,.-1&%6 ML 2-0G/ 30-)?N %#& .&,*$&%? M/#&.& )'% 0-



-0& /#&.&lN

D:0$,.&%&0/ 1=/ %$*&0/? /#$% &0/$/( %/'*3% '02 '//'53% W'.*'? ' %$09*& :-/#&.? $0 '

<$*: /#'/ &:,*-(% /#& #-..-. /.-,& -< ,-%%&%%$-06 U-)&4&.? /#$% ,-%%&%%$-0 $% 0-/

5#'.'5/&.$%&2 1( /#& &+/.'*$09='* <&'/=.&% -< ,-%%&%%$-0 )& %') 2&%5.$1&2 &'.*$&.

1( c'/#6 L0 $%& N"*-*< ? /#& 9.$:? $0&+,*$5'1*& '02 .&*&0/*&%% ,-%%&%%$-0 -<

U&.%#&(G% 5#'.'5/&. $% :'.3&2 1( %$*&05&6 C$*&05& '02 $04$%$1$*$/( K /#&%& '.& /#&

'//.$1=/&% -< /#& &0/$/(6 @& #'4& 4$%='* ,.&%&05& .&:-4&2 8'*/#-=9# ,.&%&05& $%

5-::=0$5'/&2 4$' W'.*'G% .&'5/$-0%; '02 )& #'4& 4-$5& .&:-4&26 @#'/ 2-&% /#$%

$04$%$1$*$/( '02 %$*&05& 5*-'3> @#( 2-&% /#$% g0-h/#$09 :'3& 0- %-=02 '02 2-&% $/

#'4& ' 4-$5&> L% /#& &0/$/( '0 &*&5/$4& :=/&? -. #'% $/ $/%&*< 1&&0 %$*&05&2> "#&%&

E=&%/$-0% '.& )#'/ :'3& /#& <$*:G% '//'53 %5&0&% %- =0%&//*$09 '02

$05-:,.&#&0%$1*& /- =%6 "#& 1.=/'*? ,#(%$5'*? %&+='* $05=.%$-0 $% ,'*,'1*&?

4$-*&0/? #-..$<$5 K W'.*' /#.'%#&%? 9'%,% '02 5.$&% -=/ $0 2&%,&.'/& #-..-. '02

,'$0 /#.-=9#-=/ /#& '%%'=*/%? '02 )#&.& /#& &0/$/( #'% .&%/.'$0&2 #&.? 2&&,

,=.,*& '02 (&**-) 1.=$%&% 2'.3&0 #&. ).$%/% '02 %#-=*2&.% $0 &4$2&05& -< /#&

-.2&'*6 e&/ )& %&& 0-/#$09 -< #&. '%%'$*'0/6 L0 %&&$09 0-/#$09? )& 2$%1&*$&4&6 @&

)'0/ /- 1&*$&4&? '02 %- )& *$%/&06 @& *$%/&0 <-. %-:& /.'5& -< ' %-=02 /#'/ :$9#/

5-..&%,-02 /- -=. ,&.5&,/$-0 -< ' 2&,.'4&2 '0$:'*? ' :-0%/&.? ' ,%(5#-,'/#l

"#$% $% =*/$:'/&*( ' ,&.<&5/*( '5-=%:'/$5 :-:&0/? -.? :-.& '55=.'/&*(?

'5-=%:'/$5 %$*&05&? ' %$*&05& )#-%& %-=.5& -0& 5'00-/ *-5'/& -. %&&? )#&.&1( )&

'.& <-.5&2 /- 5-:,.&#&02 ' ,=.&? '<<&5/$09 -/#&.0&%% 5-0%/$/=/&2 1( 0-/#$090&%%6

"#&.& $% 0- 2.&'2<=* ',,'.$/$-0? 0- *$<&A%',,$09 9#-=*? 0- :'%3&2 $04'2&.6 [=%/

%$*&05&? '02 0-/#$090&%%6

"#$% $% 0-/ /- .&*&'%& /#& '=2$&05& <.-: '0 &05.-'5#$09 <&'. -. 0&.4-=% %#$4&.%

-< '0/$5$,'/$-06 L0 <'5/? )& #'4& /#& -,,-%$/& %&0%'/$-06 @'/5#$09 /#& 1.=/'*$/( -<

%$*&05& '02 0-/#$090&%% $% /-./=-=%*( 5.&&,(? ' 2$%&:1-2$&2 0-0A%-=026 "#&

@&%/&.0 $:'9$0'/$-0 5'0 1'.&*( /-*&.'/& %$*&05&? <-.? '% )& #'4& %&&0 %=99&%/&2

&'.*$&.? &4&0 /#& %=,&.0'/=.'* 5'0 1& 9$4&0 4-$5& $0 /#& ,-%/A H0*$9#/&0:&0/

2-:'$06 L0 %$*&05&? /#&.& $% 0- 4-$5& /- .&'5/ /-? 0-A/#$09 /- .&5-$* <.-:? 0- $:'9&

/- #-*2 (-=.%&*< =, '9'$0%/6 "#&.& $% 0- %-=02? 0-/ &4&0 ' )#$%,&.? /- <*&& <.-: -.

2$%:$%%6 "#& =0%-=02&2 $% /#& =00':&'1*& '02 /#& $0&<<'1*&? '02 ' 4-$5& #&*2



1'53 $0 /#& '1(%% $% ' 5-05&,/ :-.& #'=0/$09 /#'0 /#& 5.=&* '02 $0/$:'/&

)#$%,&.6 M@& 5'00-/ .&%$%/ %$*&05&?N 7-*'. /&**% =%? M<-. /#& 4&.( 9--2 .&'%-0 /#'/

/#&.& $% 0-/#$09 /- .&%$%/6N 8OPPfR ]ZO; @& 5'00-/ -,,-%& %$*&05&? <-. $/ 2-&% 0-/

5-::'02 =%6 C$*&05&? 7-*'. .&:'.3%? $% /#& 4-$5& M'/ $/% ,=.&%/6N `$3& 2'.30&%%?*$3& 1*'530&%%? %$*&05& $% $0%=<<&.'1*&? '**=.$09? M/#& =*/$:'/& )&',-0 -< /#& *')6N

87-*'.? OPPfR ]Z]; @& '.& *&</ /- $:'9$0&l )#'/> J0 ',#-0$5 %,$.$/> J #'..-)$09

$05=1=%> J0 =09.'%,'1*& <-**(> @$/# 0-/#$09 /- %#=22&. '/ -. )-02&. '1-=/?

0-/#$09 /- &4&0 %0$99&. '/? ',-/.-,'$5 %5&,/$5$%: -. #=:-=. $% *-%/? :&'0$09*&%%?

-1%-*&/&6 7-*'. 5-00-/&% /#& %$90$<$5'05& -< %$*&05& '% M/#& 0&9'/$4& -< /#& 4-$5&?

$/% %#'2-)? $/% .&4&.%&? '02 /#=% %-:&/#$09 )#$5# 5'0 &4-3& /#& 4-$5& $0 $/% ,=.&

<-.:N 8OPPfR ]_O;6 L/ $% ,.&5$%&*( 1&5'=%& %$*&05& .&'%%&./% /#& ,.$:'5( -< /#&4-$5& 1( $:,'./$09 4$4$2*( /#& %&0%'/$-0 -< ' 4-$5& #&*2 1'53? ' 4-$5& #&*2 1'53 $0

/#& '1(%% 5'4-./$09 )$/# /#& =0%&&0? /#'/ $% %- -:$0-=%6 "#'53&. .&:$02% =% /#'/

2'.30&%% #'.1-=.% /#& =030-)0 '02 2&%$90'/&% ' *$:$/ /#'/ )& #=:'0% %/'02 $0

.&*'/$-0 /-6 8OP]PR O; 7'.30&%% $% &:1*&:'/$5 -< /#& 0-0A#=:'0? /#& )-.*2A

)$/#-=/A=%? '02 .&:'$0% <-.&4&. $0'55&%%$1*& /- =%6 8OP]PR _; "#$% *$:$/ $% /#&

=030-)0 '02? '% )& #'4& %&&0? $% -</&0 ' %-=.5& -< 2.&'26 @& :$9#/ 5-0/&02 /#'/

W'.*' )'%? $0 :=*/$,*& )'(%? M$0 ' 2'.3 ,*'5&?N '02 $/ $% <.-: /#&%& 2&,/#% /#'/ /#&

E=&%/$-0? M@#- &'/%? '02 )#- 9&/% &'/&0>N 8@'.0&.? ]^^YR ]O; .$5-5#&/% '.-=02

/#& &02*&%% 2'.3 4-$2? '02 )& 2-0G/ ,'./$5=*'.*( )'0/ /- )'$/ '.-=02 /- <$02 -=/

/#& '0%)&.6

G;DD<6>G@C>;6@F >D!3A@C>03

"#& 5-05&,/% -=/*$0&2 $0 "#'53&.G% .&5&0/ &%%'(? '08: 7&4-0@ 8OP]a; '.&

,.&%5$&0/ #&.&6 J% ' 5-05&,/? 2'.3 :&2$' $% 5-05&.0&2 )$/# :&2$' '02 :&2$'/$-0K /#& #-..-. -< '0 =030-)0 :&2$'/$-0 /#'/ $% '1-=/ /- #',,&0? '02 /#& #-..-. -<

/#& '1%&05& -< :&2$'/$-0 /#'/ #'% '*.&'2( #',,&0&26 8OP]aR ZY; "#'53&. /'3&% '%

#$% %/'./$09 ,-$0/ /#& 2$'9.'::'/$5 5-04&0/$-0 -< 5-::=0$5'/$-0 30-)0 '%

C#'00-0G% 2$'9.':? ' ]^aPG% 5-::=0$5'/$-0% :-2&* 2&4$%&2 1( &09$0&&.%

C#'00-0 '02 @&'4&.? $0 )#$5# ' %&02&. '02 .&5&$4&. M'.& 5-00&5/&2 1( '

5#'00&*? )#$5# %&.4&% '% ' 5-02=$/ <-. '0 $0<-.:'/$-0'* :&%%'9&6N 8"#'53&.?

OP]aR YZ; "#& 5#'00&* $% ' :&2$=: 1-/# %&,'.'/$09 '02 5-00&5/$09 /)- ,-$0/%/#'/ '.& .&:-/& <.-: -0& '0-/#&.? )#$5# "#'53&. &%/'1*$%#&% '% /#& $0/&.,*'( -<



$2&0/$/( '02 2$<<&.&05& 8L ': '/ ,-$0/ J )#$*& (-= '.& '/ ,-$0/ B? ,6Y^; J

:$0$:=: 9.-=02 -< :&2$'/$-0 $% /#& 1'%$% <-. '0( 5-::=0$5'/$-0S $0 <'5/?

5-00&5/$09 ,-$0/% J '02 B .&*$&% =,-0 /#$% 0-/$-0 -< ,.$-. %&,'.'/$-0 1&/)&&0

/#&:6 W-00&5/$-0? %'(% "#'53&.? $% ' )'( -< M<-.:'**( './$5=*'/$09 ' ,.$-. 8'02,&.#',%? ,.$:-.2$'*; %/'/& -< 2$%5-00&5/$-06N 8OP]aR Y^; "#$% .&<&.&05& /- '

,.$:-.2$'* 2$%5-00&5/$-0 $% $0/&.&%/$09 <-. =%? 1&5'=%& '% -=. $04&%/$9'/$-0% #'4&

%- <'. .&4&'*&2? 2'.30&%% 9&0&.'/&% ' 2&&,*( .--/&2 '0+$&/( 8.&:&:1&.

B*'05#-/G% D.,#&=%; '02? $0 .&*'/$-0 /- 1*'530&%%? )& #'4& @$*2&.%-0n% 5*'$: /#'/

$0 ' )-.*2 -< /.=& 1*'53 <.&&2-:? /#& -0/-*-9$5'**( #=:'0 )-=*2 #'4& /- 1&

'00=**&2R MD0& )-=*2 #'4& /- *-%& -0&G% U=:'0 5-A-.2$0'/&% '02 1&5-:& B*'536

@#$5# $% /- %'( -0& )-=*2 #'4& /- 2$&6N 8@$*2&.%-0? OP]PR Oj;6 J ,.$:-.2$'*#=:'0 %'5.$<$5& $% '/ %/'3& K ' 2&'/# $% .&E=$.&2? /#& =*/$:'/& 2$%5-00&5/$-0 A <-.

'** -< #=:'0$/( /- 1& /.'0%<-.:&26 L< )& :-:&0/'.$*( .&/=.0 /- @'.0&.G%

E=&%/$-0? M@#- &'/%? '02 )#- 9&/% &'/&0>N )& <$02 "#'53&. .=:$0'/$09 =,-0 '

%$:$*'. ,.-1*&: '% #$% &%%'( .&<&.% =% /- /#& %#-./&%/ #-..-. %/-.( &4&. ).$//&0?

1( I.&2&.$5 B.-)0? ,=1*$%#&2 $0 ]^aY $0 $%8-//-"6 S+"4&8 D*+8-&)6 "#& %/-.( 9-&%R

M"#& *'%/ :'0 -0 H'./# %'/ '*-0& $0 #$% .--:6 "#&.& )'% ' 30-53 -0 /#&

2--.lN 85$/&2 $0 "#'53&.? ,6ZZ;

L0 ]^_Z? ' 4'.$'/$-0 -0 /#& %/-.( ',,&'.&2 $0 F'9'\$0& -< I'0/'%( '02 C5$&05&

I$5/$-0? 1( c-0 C:$/#6 "$/*&2 M$%& L+88+8 D*+8< D%+8*&8 Q< T"& R&**&8 $%0" *%&

D%+8*&)* L+88+8 D*+8< NU&8 S8-**&"?N /#$% 4&.%$-0 -< /#& %/-.( 9-&%R

M"#& *'%/ :'0 -0 H'./# %'/ '*-0& $0 #$% .--:6 "#&.& )'% ' *-53 -0 /#&

2--.lN

@#- -. )#'/ $% 30-53$09 -0 /#& 2--.> @#-? -. )#'/? ,=/ ' *-53 -0 /#& 2--.> J02

)#$5#? "#'53&. '%3%? $% /#& 9.&'/&. #-..-.? M/#& %-:&/#$09 /#'/ )'0/% /- 5-:& $0?

-. /#& $:,-%%$1$*$/( -< &4&. 9-$09 -=/? /#'/ %-:&/#$09 =030-)0 $% *-53&2 -=/? -.

/#'/ %-:&/#$09 '**A/--A<':$*$'. $% *-53&2 $0>N 8OP]aR ZY; 7'.3 :&2$'? "#'53&.

%'(%? M#'4& '% /#&$. '$: /#& :&2$'/$-0 -< /#'/ )#$5# $% =0'4'$*'1*& -. $0'55&%%$1*&

/- /#& %&0%&%? '02 /#=% /#'/ -< )#$5# )& '.& 0-.:'**( M$0 /#& 2'.3N '1-=/6N 8OP]aR



Y_; "#& $:,-./'0/ /#$09 $% /#& $04&%/$9'/$-0 $0/- /#& )'(% /#'/ 0// =&4-0*-+"

M-*%-" -*)&/, %08Q+(8) *%-) Q/-"4 )B+* 8:( &:,#'%$%;6 7'.3 :&2$' M%&& %-:&/#$09

$0 0-/#$09? '02 <$02 0-/#$09 $0 &'5# %-:&/#$096N 8,6Y_;

@#$*%/ -0 /#& -0& #'02 ,.&%&0/$09 =% )$/# /#& $:,-%%$1$*$/( -< 5-::=0$5'/$-0 K

<-. 5-::=0$5'/$-0 %&.4&% 0- ,=.,-%& )#&0 (-= '.& -0*( -0&? /#& *'%/ :'0 -0

H'./# A /#&%& %#-./ %/-.$&% #'4&? -0 /#& -/#&. #'02? '*.&'2( ,.&%&0/&2 -.

5-::=0$5'/&2 %-:&/#$09 /- =%6 MD0*( 2&*=%$-0? 9*-%%-*'*$'? '02 :'20&%% 5'0

.&%=*/?N %'(% "#'53&.? '1-=/ /#& *'%/ :'0 -0 &'./#6 @& 5'0 $:'9$0& #$: %'($09

/#& %':& -< F-/&0? @$*2&.%-0 &/ '*? <-. )#-: 1*'530&%% $% $:,-%%$1*&?

=0%,&'3'1*& A '02 $%-*'/$-0 -. :'20&%% /#& -0*( 5=.&6 W.=5$'**(? &4&0/='**(

5-::=0$5'/$-0 -< %-:& %-./ :=%/ -55=. %'(% "#'53&.S /#& 30-53 :=%/ 1&

'0%)&.&2 -. /#& *-53 :=%/ 1& .&:-4&26 ML/ $% '% $< /#&.& $% ' 5-::=0$5'/$-0'*

$:,&.'/$4& /#'/ #'=0/% &4&.( ,-%%$1$*$/( -< %-*$/=2&? .&<=%'*? '02 %$*&05&6N 8,6 YO;

W-::=0$5'/$-0 :=%/ #'4& $/% %'(? '24$%&% "#'53&.6 "#& E=&%/$-0 -< '

5-::=0$5'/$-0'* $:,&.'/$4& #'=0/$09 &4&.( ,-%%$1$*$/( -< .&<=%'* .&%-=02% <-.

-=. &0E=$.(S M-0& )'0/% /- '%%&./ /#& ,.&%&05& -< %-:&/#$09 1&/)&&0 /#&

%=1Q&5/$4$/( /#'/ $% .&<=%&2 8'02 )#$5# -0& .&<=%&%; '02 0-/#$09 8)#'/&4&. /#'/

$%;?N %'(% F-/&06 8OP]jR _; @#'/ 2-&% 5-::=0$5'/$-0 )'0/> @#'/ 2-&% 1*'53

)'0/> @#'/ 2-&% 4-$5& )'0/> L/ $% /#$% &+5&%%$4& M.&'*$/( -< /#& =0%&&0?N 8@$**$':

[':&%? 5$/&2 $0 "#'53&.? OP]aR Yf; %-:&/#$09 ,.&%&0/ (&/ 0-0A&:,$.$5'*? /#'/ $%

%- =01&'.'1*& /- =%6

0;G@F A3!@>A

c&:&:1&. /#'/ ̀ 'B&**& 2&%5.$1&% )#$%,&.$09 '% '0 M=04-$5&2N '5/$-0? )#&.&1(

M4-$5&2 <.$5'/$4&% '02 %/-,% *-%& /#&$. 4-$5$096 b'%'*% 1&5-:&% <'$0/6 c&9=*'.

/-0'*$/$&% -< /#& %,&&5# :-%/*( 2$%',,&'.6N 8[-#0 ̀ '4&.? 5$/&2 $0 ̀ 'B&**&? OP]aR

]a^; `'B&**& '*%- 5$/&% q$09#=' `$G% d,-*$/$5% -< )#$%,&.$09?G <-. )#-: )#$%,&.$09

%,&'3% <-. /#-%& )$/#-=/ 4-$5&? '02 1&5-:&% M' %,&&5# /#'/ <=&*% /#& $:'9$0'/$-0

)$/# %=,&.%/$/$-0? :'9$5? 2$4$0& 5-0/'5/? '02 /&*&,'/#(? '02 )$/# $0/$:'5(6N

8,6]_Z; "#& )#$%,&. -55=,$&% ' dE=$&/ \-0&G )$/#$0 /#& -.2&. -< *'09='9& '02

,-)&.? M/- 5#'.9& %-5$'* '02 ,-*$/$5'* %/.=5/=.& )$/# =05&./'$0/( '02 ,.-:$%&R

)$/# '** /#'/ %&&:% /- 1& .&*&9'/&2 /- /#& ,&.$,#&.(6 "- %,&'3 /#& =0%,&'3'1*&6N



`'B&**& 2&5*'.&%6 8,]_Z; "#& )#$%,&. $% 2&9&02&.&2? 2&5#'.'5/&.$%&2? '02 5'.4&%

-=/ '0 &:,/( %,'5& -. E=$&/ \-0&6 8`'B&**&? OP]aR ]_Z; @& 5'0 .&'2 /#$% d&:,/(

%,'5&G '% ' %,'5& /#'/ /#.&'/&0% '02 1&53-0%? '0 '1(%% <=** -< #-..-. '02 <=** -<

,.-:$%&6 U-)&4&.? /#& )#$%,&.$09 :-=/# <-. ̀ 'B&**& M$% ,.&5$%&*( ' :-=/#%#$&*2&2 <.-: /#& %-5$'* <$&*26N J :-=/# %#$&*2&2 <.-: /#& %-5$'* <$&*2 2&:'02%

'0 &*&:&0/ -< %&5.&5( '02 0&5&%%'.$*( -55=,$&% %=..&,/$/$-=% /&..$/-.$&% /#'/

$04-3& '*/&.0'/$4& :-2&% -< *$%/&0$09? /&..$/-.( ̀ 'B&**& 0':&% '% '0 '*/&.0'/$4&

)-.*2 M-0 /#& ,&.$,#&.(6N J9'$0? )& :'( $:'9$0& /#& 5-::=0$5'/$-0'*

$:,&.'/$4& #'=0/$09 &4&.( ,-%%$1$*$/( -< /#& =04-$5&2S ̀ 'B&**&G% )#$%,&. '% '0

'*/&.0'/$4& )-.*2 5#$:&% )$/# /#& 5-::=0$5'/$-0'* $:,&.'/$4& -< F-/&0? )#-

'%3%? M@#'/ $< 1*'530&%% $% /#& 0':& /#'/ #'% 1&&0 9$4&0 /- /#& %-5$'* <$&*2 '02%-5$'* *$<& -< '0 $**$5$/ '*/&.0'/$4& 5','5$/( /- 2&%$.&>N #& ).$/&%6 MB'%$5'**(? /#'/ $%

,.&5$%&*( )#'/ L /#$03 1*'530&%% $%6 L )'0/ $/ /- 1& :( 5-0%/'0/ %/=2(6 L *$%/&0 <-. $/

&4&.()#&.&6N 8F-/&0? OP]jR aO; B=/ /#& '$:% -< /#$% ,.-Q&5/ 2- 0-/ %&&3 /-

$0#'1$/ '0 -/#&.? $**$5$/? ,&.$,#&.'* )-.*26 B( ,.&%&0/$09 /#& )#$%,&. '% ' 0&) -.

'*/&.0'/$4& <-.: -< 30-)*&29&? '% ̀ 'B&**& 2-&% )#&0 #& %=99&%/% /#'/ )#$%,&.$09

M,-$0/% /- ' *&9'5( -< '*/&.0'/$4& 30-)*&29& )#-%& ,.&%&05& :=%/ .&:'$0 %$*&0/?N

8,6]_Y; #& 1(,'%%&% /#& 30-)*&29& /#'/ E=$&/&2 4-$5&% %/$** .&E=$.& 2$%5$,*$0&?

'02 '.& -</&0 1.-=9#/ $0/- /#& :'$0%/.&': :&.&*( $0 -.2&. /- '5/$-0 /#$%

2$%5$,*$0&6

B( 5#':,$-0$09 /#& )#$%,&. /- &+&:,*$<( '*/&.0'/& )'(% -< 5-::=0$09? '02 /-

.&5*'$: M/#& 9-%%$,$09 -< 0&$9#1-=.%? )#$%/*&1*-)$09? '02 /'//*$09?N <.-: /#&

,&Q-.'/$4&? `'B&**&G% '55-=0/ -< M'0 -.'*$/( '$:&2 '/ '** /#'/ *$&% 1&#$02 /#&

%5&0&%?N 8,6]_Y; &%%&0/$'**( %$2&%/&,% /#& '$:% -< /#$% ,.-Q&5/? )#$5# $% /-

=02&.%5-.& ,-%$/$4&*( '02 4$%$1*( /#& 5-05&,/='* 5-04&.9&05& -< ,-$0/% -< 4-$5&?

2'.30&%% '02 1*'530&%% $0 5-0/&:,-.'.( ,-*$/$5%6 ̀ 'B&**&G% E=$&/&2? =04-$5&2

)-.*2 .&:'$0% ' #$22&0? &+/&.$-. -0&? )#&.& 1*'530&%% *$53% #&. )-=02% $0 /#&

2'.3 '02 $0 ' )#$%,&.&2 4-$5& %/$** #-*2% ' 5'02*& /- /#& $02$4$2='*? )#-:

,%(5#-'0'*(%$% '$:% /- 1=$*2 '02 %=,,-./ M)$/# $/% 0-/$-0% -< %&*<A2&/&.:$0$09

&9- 2&4&*-,:&0/?N ' 4$&) -< #=:'0 0'/=.& /#'/ .&'5#&% $/% ',&+ $0 @&%/&.0

0$0&/&&0/# 5&0/=.(? M/#& ,-*$/$5'* 5-0/&+/ -< I.&=2G% /$:& '02 ,*'5&6N 8U$**:'0?

OP]PR _f; ̀ 'B&**&G% '*/&.0'/& =//&.'05&%? '*/&.0'/& 5-::=0$09? '02 '*/&.0'/&



30-)*&29& 5*&'.*( $04-3& /#& d.$9#/G /- ' %/'02,-$0/6 @& %&& "#'53&. /.'0%9.&%%

/#$% /(,& -< /#$03$09 )#&0 #& 5-:,*$5'/&% /#& 5-04&0/$-0% -< /#& C#'00-0

2$'9.':S @$*2&.%-0 /#)'./% /#& %/'02,-$0/ 1( 2&5*'.$09 #$:%&*< '% 0-/#$09? M$0

9&0&'*-9$5'* '02 %-5$-*-9$5'* $%-*'/$-0 &4&0 <.-: &4&.( -/#&. 0-/#$09N 8F-/&0?OP]jR _; )#$*& F-/&0 5-:,.&#&02% /#& %/'02,-$0/ '% :-%/ $0/&0%& )#&0 $**$5$/

'02 <=9$/$4&? -,&.'/$09 $0 /#& 1.&'36

D3=>@C>6? CE@C KE>GE G@66;C +3 D3=>@C3=

`&/ =% 0-) .&/=.0 /- @$*2&.%-0 '02 F-/&0 $0 /#& 5-0/&+/ -< "#'53&.G% %/=2( -<

5-::=0$5'/$-0? '08: 7&4-0@ 8OP]a;6 F-/&0 &+':$0&% @$*2&.%-0G% M/.'9$5'**(

0&=.-/$5N /#&%$% -0 1*'530&%%A'%A0-/#$090&%% '% ' <.=$/<=* ,=%#$09 -<< ,-$0/ <.-:

)#$5# /- $04&%/$9'/& )#'/ 0-/#$090&%% $% -. 5'0 1&? $0 M'0 '//&:,/ /- /#$03 /#&

.&*'/$-0 1&/)&&0 <'0/'%( '02 0-/#$090&%%6N 8F-/&0? OP]jR _; ̀ &/G% 5-0%$2&.

F-/&0G% .=,/=.&? /#& 1.&'3 $0 )#$5# 1*'530&%% .&%$2&%? )$/#$0 /#& <.':&)-.3 -<

C#'00-0G% 2$'9.':6 `&/ =% $:'9$0& /#& .=,/=.& '% ' 1.&'32-)0 $0

5-::=0$5'/$-06 8J 2-&% 0-/ 5-00&5/ )$/# B; L/ <-**-)% /#'/ /#& 1.&'3? 1*'530&%%?

:=%/ 1& %/.'02&2 %-:&)#&.& $0 /#& :$22*&? <-.&4&. 2$%5-00&5/&2? -. M)#&.&

&4&.(/#$09 #',,&0%6N e&/ /- 1& )#&.& &4&.(/#$09 #',,&0% $% /- %-:&#-) 1& $0

)$/#$0 /#& :'Q-.$/(? $0 /#.'** /- /#& $2&'* -< %-4&.&$90/(6 L< )& .&'2 F-/&0G% 1.&'3

0-/ '% ' *',%& $0 5-::=0$5'/$-0 1=/ '% ' 2$%5.&/& '02 $02$4$2='* &0/$/( 8J $%

,'.'**&* /- B;? )& <$02 1*'530&%% &+/&.$-. /- /#& :$22*& )#&.& &4&.(/#$09

#',,&0%6 D0& $% '*)'(% 0-/ ,'./ -< /#& -/#&.? /#=% =0-1/'$0'1*&? '02 5-:,&**&2

/- .&<=%& /- 2&<&. /- /#& &/&.0'* 2&*'( -< %-4&.&$90/( 04 -",-"-*(=6 L/ $% /#& .&<=%'*

/#'/ $% &/&.0'**( 2$%,*'5&2 '02 .&,*'5&2 1( /#& 5-04&0/$-0'* 5-::=0$5'/$-0'*

$:,&.'/$4&R ,-$0/ J 5-00&5/% )$/# ,-$0/ B? -. $/ 2-&%0G/6 "#& .&<=%'* $% &$/#&. $0

/#& 1.&'3? -. &+/&.$-. /- $/? 1=/ '*)'(% $0 .&*'/$-06 "#& .&<=%'* $% &$/#&. Q&//$%-0&2?

-. '%%&./&2? 1=/ '/ 0- ,-$0/ 1&/)&&0 J '02 B $% 1*'530&%% 4-$2 -< .&*'/$-0'*$/(6

I-**-)$09 "#'53&.? )& :=%/ '%3? )#'/ #',,&0% )#&0 /#& :&2$=: A 1*'530&%% A

5&'%&% /- 5-00&5/ '/ '**> M@$/# :&2$' '02 :&2$'/$-0?N "#'53&. /&**% =%? /#& :$22*&

M$% /#& *-5=% )#&.& /#$09% 9- %:--/#*( -. <'$* /- 5-00&5/ '/ '**? /#& ,*'5& )#&.&

-0& <$02% $0<-.:'/$-0 1=/ 0-$%& '% )&**6N 8"#'53&.? OP]aR ̂ P; @#$*& "#'53&.

0&5&%%'.$*( 5-0<$0&% #$% &+':$0'/$-0 -< /#& 5-::=0$5'/$-0 2$'9.': /- &+':,*&%

-< <$*: '02 /&5#0-*-9( $0 =0$E=& '02 '0-:'*-=% )'(%? <-. /#$% ,.-Q&5/ )& :=%/



/.'0%,-%& #$% :-2&* /- 1*'530&%% '02 4-$5&6 L/ <-**-)% /#'/ <-. B*'53 C/=2$&%? /#&

5-::=0$5'/$-0 )$/# -. :&2$'/$-0 -< /#'/ )#$5# $%? 1( 2&<$0$/$-0? 1&(-02 /#&

#=:'0 81*'530&%%;? '0( 5-::=0$5'/$-0 )-=*2 #'4& /- 5-0<.-0/ -. &:1.'5& )#'/

"#'53&. 5'**% M/#& ,'.'2-+ -< :&2$'/$-0N A :&2$'/$09 /#'/ )#$5# 5'00-/ 1&:&2$'/&26 8"#'53&.? OP]aR ̂ ^; L0 -=. ,-%/A%&5=*'. 5=*/=.&? :-2&% -<

5-::=0$5'/$-0 0&4&./#&*&%% %#$</ <.-: 1&/)&&0 /)- ,-$0/% $0 ' %$09*& .&'*$/( /-

' 5-00&5/$-0 )$/# ' d1&(-02G? .&:$0$%5&0/ -< /#& %&:$A,-.-=% 1-=02'.( /#'/ $%

.&*$'0/ =,-0 /#& %-5$'* -.2&. /- 5-#&.&6 "#& d9.&'/ 1&(-02G 0- *-09&. 5-0%=:&%

=% 4$' /#&-*-9$5'* /#&:&% -< .&$05'.0'/$-0 '02 /#& %=,&.0'/=.'*? 1=/ $% %/$**

:'0$<&%/ 4$' -=. :&2$'? M2$%/.$1=/&2? =1$E=$/-=%? $0 /#& M5*-=2N? '02 &04&*-,$09

=% $0 $/% $04$%$1*&? &/#&.&'* 1'/# -< $0<-.:'/$-0 '02 0-$%&6N 8"#'53&.? OP]aR ^_;"#& <=05/$-0 -< :&2$'? #& %'(%? $% 0- *-09&. /- M.&02&. /#& $0'55&%%$1*&? -. /-

5-00&5/ )#'/ $% %&,'.'/&26N L0%/&'2? :&2$' .&4&'* $0'55&%%$1$*$/( $0 '02 -< $/%&*<6

8"#'53&.? ,6^f; F&2$' :'3& '55&%%$1*& /#& $0'55&%%$1*& $0 $/% '55&%%$1$*$/(6 I-.

"#'53&.? /#$% $% ' 8&/-6-+() -=B(/)&? 8,6^f; 7'.3 :&2$' 5'0 1& M.&*$9$-=%N 1&5'=%&?

<.-: 8&/-6+@ ! Q-"4@ $% ' 1$02$09 1&/)&&0 /#& #=:'0 '02 /#& 2$4$0&? /#& %=1Q&5/

'02 V-2? '0 $2&' "#'53&. 1&*$&4&% 5'0 1& &+/&02&2 /- /#& .&*'/$-0 1&/)&&0 /#&

#=:'0 '02 /#& 0-0A#=:'0? 1=/ 5.=5$'**(? ' 0-0A#=:'0 /#'/ $% 0-/ 0&5&%%'.$*(

-=/%$2& /#& #=:'0 -. %&,'.'/& <.-: $/6 8OP]aR Yf; "#$% $2&' 9$4&% =% %5-,& )$/#

)#$5# /- %,&5=*'/& /#'/ @$*2&.%-0 '02 F-/&0G% 0-0A-0/-*-9$5'* 1&$09 $%? $0 <'5/?

$0 .&*'/$-0 /- /#& #=:'0 A 0-/ -=/%$2& $/ %&,'.'/& /- $/ A 1=/ ,.&%&0/ '02 0-0A

&:,$.$5'*6 H5#-$09 /#& 0&9'/$4& &:,/($09 '02 4-$2$09 /#'/ 5#'.'5/&.$%&%

J<.-,&%%$:$%:? "#'53&. :-4&% -0 /- .&4$&) 7$-0(%$=%? )#- ,.-,-%&2 /#'/ /#&

:&2$'/$-0 -< %&*< '02 V-2 '.& :&2$'/&2 /#.-=9# M' ,.-5&%% -< '1'02-0:&0/ '02

%&*<A'10&9'/$-06N 8OP]aR ]PP;

MB( '0 =02$4$2&2 '02 '1%-*=/& '1'02-0:&0/ -< (-=.%&*< '02 &4&.(/#$09?

%#&22$09 '** '02 <.&&2 <.-: '**? (-= )$** 1& =,*$</&2 /- /#& .'( -< /#& 2$4$0&

2'.30&%% )#$5# $% '1-4& &4&.(/#$09 /#'/ $%6N 87$-0(%$=%? 5$/&2 $0 "#'53&.?

OP]aR ]PP;

7$-0(%$=%G ,-%$/$-0 $% $0 -,,-%$/$-0 /- J=9=%/$0&G% %&*< '02 V-2? )#- '.&

:&2$'/&2 M4$' '0 '//&0='/&2 =0$-0 -< 5.&'/=.&% '02 W.&'/-.6N "#& 7$-0(%$'0 *-9$5-< 0&9'/$-0 $% 0-/ -,,-%$/$-0'*? 1=/ .--/&2 $0 M' 0&9'/$-0 1&(-02 &4&.(



'%%&./$-06N 8"#'53&.? OP]aR ]PP;6 "#&.& $% '0 '//&:,/ /- :&2$'/& /#'/ )#$5#

5'00-/ 1& :&2$'/&2? )#$5# ,.&%&.4&% /#& M-,'5$/( -< /#& 2$4$0&?N '02 /#'/ -,'5$/(

$% 5-05&$4&2 -< $0 0&9'/$4& /&.:% %=5# '% 2'.3? %#'2-)? '02 '1(%%? 8,6]PP;

0&9'/$4& /&.:% )& '.& )&** '55=%/-:&2 /- '/ /#$% ,-$0/6 "#$% $2&' .&%-=02% <-.M-0/-*-9(G% %'05/$-0 '9'$0%/ /#& 4&.( $2&' -< 1*'53 %=1Q&5/$4$/(?N 8@$*2&.%-0? 5$/&2

$0 B.'.? Of; 1&5'=%& ' ,-$0/ #'% 1&&0 .&'5#&2 )#&.& /#&.& $% 0- *-09&. '0(/#$09

/- :&2$'/& &+5&,/ /#& ,=.& <-.: -< :&2$'/$-0 $/%&*<6 F&2$'/$-0 $% .&'**( '

:&2$'/$-0 M1&/)&&0 2$<<&.&0/ .&'*$/$&%? -. 1&/)&&0 2$<<&.&0/ -0/-*-9$5'*

2-:'$0%6N 8"#'53&.? OP]aR ]PO; e-3$09 /#&( 7$-0(%$'0 5-05&,/ -< 2$4$0&

2'.30&%% )$/# /#& )-.3 -< @$*2&.%-0 '02 F-/&0? )& <$02 /#'/ 2'.30&%%? -.

1*'530&%%? $% 1-/# &"-6=0*-30//< -"033&))-Q/& *+ ()@ <&* B8&)&8U&4 6 B*'530&%% $%'<<&5/$4&? 1&(-02 /#& .&'5# -< )-.2% 8.&:&:1&. @$*2&.%-0G% 5*'$:? /#'/ /#& 1*'53

.&*'/$-0%#$, /- :-2&.0$/( $% 1=$*/ =,-0 ' %&/ -< 5*'$:% /#'/ '.& =0%,&'3'1*& '02

$:,-%%$1*& /- $:'9$0&? 1&5'=%& /#&.& $% 0&$/#&. /#& *'09='9& 0-. /#& 2&%$.& /-

'./$5=*'/& /#&%& 5*'$:%; 1=/ :=%/ 1& :'2& ',,'.&0/ 4$' %-:& <-.: -< :&2$'/$-06

@& %#-=*2 '%3 /#&0? $< 1*'530&%% &+$%/%? #-) 5'0 $/ 1& &+,&.$&05&2> L% 1*'530&%%

1&(-02 /#& %&0%&%> M"#& 2='* %,&5/.&% -< .&'*$%: '02 $2&'*$%: #'=0/ :&2$' '02

:&2$'/$-0?N %'(% "#'53&.? <-. &$/#&. M$/G% '** $0 (-=. #&'2?N 8$0 /&.:% -< .'5$'*

1$9-/.(? )& #'4& 5&./'$0*( #&'.2 /#& )-.2% M$/G% '** $0 (-=. #&'2N 1&<-.&;? -.

M&4&.(/#$09 $% .&2=5$1*& /- /#& &09$0&&.&2 '02 /&5#0$5'* :'0$,=*'/$-0 -< %&0%-.(

'02 5-90$/$4& '<<-.2'05&6N 8OP]aR ]Pj; @#&0 @$*2&.%-0 $0%$%/% /#'/ 1*'530&%%

:=%/ <.&& $/%&*< <.-: -0/-*-9$5'* &+,&5/'/$-0 '**-)$09 1*'530&%% /- 2&/'5# <.-:

/#& E=&%/$-0 -< M/#& :&'0$09 -< 1&$09?N 8F-/&0? OP]jR Z; )& '.& '1*& /- ,-%/=*'/&?

/#.-=9# /#& $2&' /#'/ 1*'530&%% $% d&0$9:'/$5'**( $0'55&%%$1*&G (&/ ,.&%&.4&2? '

0-/$-0 -< 1*'530&%% '% ' 0&) :-2& -< 1&$09? -55=,($09 ' %/'02,-$0/6 J0

&+':$0'/$-0 -< /#& ,%(5#-'0'*(/$5 4-$5& )$** '**-) =% /- 5-0<.-0/ /#& ,'.'2-+ -<

:&2$'/$-0? '02 )-.3 ,.-2=5/$4&*( )$/# /#$% 0-/$-0 -< d%/'02,-$0/G 4$' '

.&5-0%$2&.'/$-0 -< /#& /#&.',&=/$5 2('26

C@FB>6? G<A3:N

T%(5#-'0'*(%$% $% ' 5-*-0$'* 2$%5$,*$0&? )#$5# $0/&**&5/='**( 2$%5$,*$0&% ' )'( -<

1&$096 "#$% $2&' -< 1&$09 $% ,.&2$5'/&2 =,-0 5-*-0$'* ,-*$/$5'* '02 -0/-*-9$5'*

.&*'/$-0% /#'/ <-.:'*$%&2 '02 ,.-,'9'/&2 '0 $2&' -< M=05$4$*$\&2? ,.$:$/$4&?



5-05&'*&2 '02 /$:&*&%%N 5-*-0$\&2 ,&-,*&%? '% c'0Q'0' o#'00' ,-$0/% -=/ $0 #&.

1--3? '08: A+"*-"&"*); .)<3%+0"0/<)-) 0"4 A+/+"-0/-)=6 8OPPj; I.&=2G% .-('* .-'2

/- /#& =05-0%5$-=% 9&-9.',#$5'**( ,*'5&% /#& =05-0%5$-=% '% ' .&9$-0 1&*-) /#&

5-0%5$-=%0&%%? '02 <.-: /#$% 0&/#&. .&9$-0 5-:&% ,%(5#$5 %=<<&.$09? 0&=.-%$%?,%(5#-%$% '02 2.&':%6 MJ% ' 2$%5$,*$0&? g,%(5#-'0'*(%$%h <-.:'*$\&2 %/.'/&9$&% /-

0-.:'*$\& ' <-.: -< 5$4$*$\&2 1&$09 5-0%/$/=/&2 /#.-=9# 5-*-0$'* ,-*$/$5'*

2(0':$5%?N o#'00' %'(%? %$/='/$09 $/%&*< $0 -,,-%$/$-0 /- $/% :(%/&.$-=% '02

5-05&'*&2 d2'.3 5-0/$0&0/%G -< 5-*-0$'* J<.$5' '02 /#& ,.$:$/$4&6 I.&=2 2&%5.$1&%

/#& .&,.&%%&2 '% M<-.&$90 /&..$/-.(?N 85$/&2 $0 U$**:'0? ]^Z^R ]Y; )#&.&

=05-0%5$-=% /&..'$0 $% $:'9$0&2 '% '0 =030-)0 *'02 2&&, $0 /#& ,%(5#-*-9$5'*

=02&.)-.*2? ' *'02 -< 2$%'..'( '02 2$%,*'5&:&0/6 @& #'4& &+,*-.&2 /#$%:&/',#-.$5'* =05-0%5$-=% /#.-=9# /#& 2&,/#% -< W-0.'2G% J<.$5'0 Q=09*&? )$/# $/%

M#'=0/$09 %-0-.$/(?N /#'/ *$03% %-=02 '02 %,&&5# '02 ,&.<-.:'/$4&*( &+,.&%%&%

M/#'/ )#$5# 5'00-/ 1& %,-3&0 -< -/#&.)$%&6N 8`'B&**&? OP]aR ]_j; J02 )#$*&

/#&.& #'4& 1&&0 ' 0=:1&. -< ,%(5#-'0'*(/$5 /#&-.$\'/$-0% -< .'5$%: 8I'0-0?

J2-.0-? 7-**'.2? o-4&*? @-*<&0%/&$0? c=%/$0 '02 2& r=*=&/'; /#'/ <.&E=&0/*(

/.$'09=*'/& 1*'53%? #'/&? '02 <'&5&%? 87'*'*? OPPOR YY; <&) /#&-.$&% #'4& &:&.9&2

<.-: )$/#$0 /#& B.$/$%# 5-0/&+/ -. 1&&0 &+,*-.&2 2$.&5/*( 1( /#& ,.&2-:$0'0/

,%(5#-'0'*(/$5 /.'$0$09% $0 /#& Xo? %- /#&$. $0<*=&05& -0 /#& ,.'5/$5& -<

,%(5#-/#&.',( #'% 1&&0 0&9*$9&0/6 87'*'*? ,6YO; D=. /'%3 0-) $% /- &+':$0& /#&

#'=0/$09 %-0-.$/( -< 4-$5& $0 .&*'/$-0 /- /#& =05-0%5$-=%? 1=/ 0-/ /- :&.&*(

=02&.9$.2 I.&=2G% &'.*( 2&%5.$,/$-0 -< ,%(5#-'0'*(%$% '% M/#& /'*3$09 5=.&6N

c'/#&.? )& :=%/ '//&:,/ /- =%& 4-$5& $0 /#& .&'*: -< ,%(5#-'0'*(%$% '% ' ,=%#$09

-<< ,-$0/ <.-: )#&.& )& :'( 9'$0 ,=.5#'%& -0 '0 &+5'4'/$-0 -< ,-/&0/$'**( 0&)

:-2&% -< 1&$096

I$.%/? *&/ =% *--3 '/ /#& .-*& -< 4-$5& $0 5-04&0/$-0'* ,%(5#-'0'*(/$5 /.'$0$09?

)#$5# $% &0/.&05#&2 $0 /#& 0-/$-0 /#'/ '0 $:,-./'0/ .-*& -< /#& '0'*(%/ $% -0& -<

%$*&05&6 L0 /#& /#&.',&=/$5 2('2? /#& '0'*(%'02 %,&'3%? )#$*& /#& '0'*(%/ 3&&,%

%$*&0/6 L02&&2? M,%(5#-'0'*(%$% $% '*%- -0& -< /#-%& /#$09% )#$5# 5'0 -0*( 1&

5'..$&2 -=/ 4$4' 4-5&? $0 *$4$09 4-$5&? $0 /#& *$4$09 ,.&%&05& -< /#& '0'*(%'02 '02

/#& '0'*(%/6N %'(% 7-*'. 85$/&2 $0 o'0&? OP]aR O]Z; "#&$. /$& $% /#& /$& -< /#& 4-$5&6

B=/ )#-%& 4-$5&> "#& ,'/$&0/ -<<&.% #$% '%%-5$'/$-0% )#$*& /#& '0'*(%/ #'% /-



3&&, %$*&0/? '02 $/ $% #&.& /#'/ M' 5=.$-=% .&4&.%'* /'3&% ,*'5&R $/ $% /#& '0'*(%/?

)$/# #$% %$*&05&? )#$5# $% /#& &:1-2$:&0/ -< /#& 4-$5&? /#& 4-$5& '% /#& -1Q&5/6N

87-*'.? 5$/&2 $0 o'0&? OP]aR O]Z; C$*&05& <-. U$**:'0 2-&% 0-/ :&'0 *$/&.'* %$*&05&

A 0-/ )#&/#&. /- %,&'3? -. )#'/ /- %,&'36 "#& E=&%/$-0 <-. U$**:'0 $% M#-) /-%,&'3? )#'/ /- %'(? '02 )#&0 /- %'( $/6N 8U$**:'0? OP]PR Yf; I-. U$**:'0? %$*&05&

M,.&%=,,-%&% '0 $0/&.$-. *$<&6N 8,6YZ; C$*&05& #'% ,-*$/$5'* $:,*$5'/$-0%? '02 /#&

1'%$% -< #=:'0 .$9#/% *$& $0 %$*&05& 1&5'=%& -< /#& M.$9#/ /- .&:'$0 %$*&0/6N "#&

<&'. -< %$*&05& 5-:&% 0-/ <.-: ' %=%,$5$-0 -< &:,/$0&%% '02 /#& <&'. -< ' 4-$2? -<

0-/#$096 Ms=$/& /#& 5-0/.'.(?N U$**:'0 %'(%? M/#& <&'. $% -< <=**0&%%? -< /#&

$05.&2$1*&? =0,.&2$5/'1*& '02 <.&&)#&&*$09 <'0/'%$&% /#'/ '.& 0'/$4& /- /#& :$02

'02 %#-) /#&:%&*4&% %- .&'2$*( $0 2.&':%6 "#& <&'. $% -< -=. $0)'.20&%%6N8U$**:'0? OP]PR YZ; "#& Q-1 -< ,%(5#-'0'*(%$% $% M/- 9$4& ' #=:'0 4-$5& /- /#&

%$*&05& -< $:'9$0'/$-06N 8U$**:'0? ,6YY; I-. 7-*'.? %$*&05& M0&4&. ',,&'.%? '%

%=5#? '*)'(% <=05/$-0% '% /#& 0&9'/$4& -< /#& 4-$5&? $/% %#'2-)? $/% .&4&.%&? '02

/#=% %-:&/#$09 )#$5# 5'0 &4-3& /#& 4-$5& $0 $/% ,=.& <-.:6N 87-*'.? OPPfR ]_O;

C$*&05& $% /#& .&4&.%& -< /#& 4-$5&6 "#& ,%(5#-'0'*(/$5 4-$5& .&:'$0% %$*&0/ M*$3&

/#& 2.$4&6N 8o'0&? OP]aR O]Z; "#.-=9# '5-=%:'/$5 %$*&05&? /#& %$*&0/

,%(5#-'0'*(/$5 4-$5& %/$** %-:&#-) '22.&%%&% /#& %=1Q&5/6 MJ5-=%:'/$5 %$*&05&

-,&.'/&% '% /#& -/#&.? -,,-%$/& %$2& -< /#& '5-=%:'/$5 4-$5&?N %'(% o'0& 8,6 O]Z;

"#& ,%(5#-'0'*(/$5 4-$5& $% 0-/ /#& '0'*(%/G% 4-$5&? 1=/ M'0 '*-9$5'* 4-$5& $0 /#'/ $/

:'3&% 0- %/'/&:&0/S $/ $% '0 ',#-0$5 4-$5& $0 /#'/ $/ $% %$*&0/S '02 $/ $% '0 '/-,$5'*

4-$5& $0 /#'/ $/ #'% 0- 2&<$0$/$4& %-=.5&6N 8o'0&? ,6O]Z; "#& '0'*(%/ '5/% '% '0

'9&0/ <-. /#& %$*&0/ ,%(5#-'0'*(/$5'* 4-$5&? )#-%& %$*&05& 2$%/=.1% /#&

'0'*(%'02G% <*-) -< *'09='9&6 J% /#& ,'/$&0/ &02*&%%*( /'*3%? M%*$2$09 =,-0 ' 5#'$0

-< %$90$<$&.%?N /#& <=05/$-0 -< /#& '0'*(%/G% %$*&05& $% M/- $0/&..=,/ /#$% ,.-5&%%? /-

1.$09 $/ /- ' #'*/? /- $0/.-2=5& ' 1.&'3? ' 9', $0 /#'/ <*-)? $0 /#$% ,.-2=5/$-0 -<

:&'0$09lN 87-*'.? 5$/&2 $0 o'0&? OP]aR O]Z; "#$% $0/&..=,/$-0? %'(% 7-*'.?

&+,-%&% /#& ,'/$&0/G% %,&&5# /- 1& ' M%/.&': -< 0-0%&0%&N )#$5# &+,-%&% /#&

$0%=<<$5$&0/ *-9-% $0 /#& ,'/$&0/G% 2$%5-=.%& '02 $% /#& '0'*(%'02G% -)0 '*-9$5'*

,.-2=5/$-06 ML/ $% /#& 4-$5& )#$5# 2-&%0G/ %'( '0(/#$09 '02 /#& 4-$5& -< .'2$5'*

%$*&05&? '02 -< '0 =01&'.'1*& ',,&'*? ' 5'** /- .&%,-02? *+ 0))(=& +"&V) )*0"3& +,

*%& )(QW&3*?N 87-*'.? 5$/&2 $0 o'0&? ,6O]Z? :( &:,#'%$%; "#& ,'/$&0/ $% 5-:,&**&2

/- /'*3 $0 -.2&. /- %$*&05& /#$% 4-$5&? /- %$*&05& /#& %$*&05& '02? 5.=5$'**(? $0 -.2&.



/- -55=,( -0&G% -)0 %/'02,-$0/6 W-=*2 $/ 1& /#.-=9# /#& %$*&0/? ,%(5#-'0'*(/$5'*

4-$5& /#'/ 1*'530&%% 1&5-:&% 9&0&.'/$4& -< '9&05(> L< )& .&<&. 1'53 /- W-0.'2G%

L&08* +, '08:"&))? )& 5'0 #-*2 /#& 0-/$-0 -< '*-9$5'* ,.-2=5/$-0 K /#&

'0'*(%'02G% %,&&5# '% ' %/.&': -< d0-0%&0%&G K $0 ,'.'**&* /- /#& ,&.5&$4&2$05-:,.&#&0%$1*& 0-$%& -. $05-#&.&0/ 0-0%&0%& -< J<.$5'0 4-$5&%? '02 /#=% /-

%-:& 2&9.&& 5-0%/$/=/$4& -< 1*'530&%%6 "#$% '**-)% =% 2$90$<( /#& .-*& -<

1*'530&%% $0 ,%(5#-'0'*(%$% )$/# /#& $0/.$9=$09 5-05&,/ -< 1*'530&%% '% /#&

,%(5#-'0'*(/$5'* 4-$5& 8*$3& F-/&0? )& '.& *--3$09 <-. 1*'530&%% &4&.()#&.&;6

9/03:"&)) -) *%& B)<3%+0"0/<*-3 U+-3&X @#&0 F-/&0 '%3%? M@#'/ $% /#$% 0-/#$09

/#'/ /#&( #'4& -. /- )#$5# /#&( #'4& '55&%%>N 8OP]jR j^; 0-) )& 5'0 %'(?

MC$*&05&6N "=.0$09 /- 7-*'.G% E=&%/$-0? M@#'/ 2-&% /#$% 4-$5& )'0/>N )& :'(.&,*(? MC$*&05&6N J02 $0 '0%)&. /- U$**:'0G% E=&%/$-0? M@#'/ 2-&% 1*'53 $0/&02 /-

'5#$&4&>N )& 5'0 '9'$0 .&,*(? MC$*&05&6N "#& 5-00&5/$-0 1&/)&&0 =0%&//*$09 4-$5&?

=0%&//*$09 2'.30&%%? '02 =0%&//*$09 1*'530&%% #'% 1&&0 .&A%&&2&26 L/ 0-)

.&:'$0% <-. =% /- &+':$0& ,-%%$1*& *$0&% -< <*$9#/ 8$:'9$0& *&',$09 0-/ =,)'.2%

$0/- /#& H:,(.&'0? 1=/ .'/#&. -=/)'.2% $0/- /#& 2$4$0& 2'.30&%%;6 "- 2- /#$%? )&

)$** 0&&2 /- <-**-) U$**:'0G% =0m&'./#*( :-2& -< ,%(5#-'0'*(/$5'* /#-=9#/R /#'/

)#$5# %&&3% /- =02&.:$0& %-:& -< /#& 4&.( ,.-5&%%&% -< ,%(5#-'0'*(%$% $/%&*<6

+F@GB 6@AG>::<:

@#$*%/ -<<&.$09 ' <.&%# ,&.%,&5/$4& <-. B*'53 C/=2$&%? /#& $2&' -< 1*'530&%% '%

,%(5#-'0'*(/$5 4-$5& $% 0&4&./#&*&%% /.-=1*$09? 1&5'=%& ,%(5#-'0'*(%$% $% '

5-*-0$'* 2$%5$,*$0& /#'/ #$%/-.$5'**( #'% -<<&.&2 0- .&<=9& <-. 1*'530&%% '% $/

&+,-=02% -0 /#& $:,-./'05& -< /#& /.'0%5&02&0/'* %=1Q&5/? ' ,-%$/$-0'*$/( )#$5#

$/%&*<? $0 /#& &(&% -< @$*2&.%-0 &/ '*? &+5*=2&% 1*'530&%%6 "#& /#&-.( -< d/#&

,&.%-0G 5-0/$0=&% /- 2-:$0'/& '0'*(/$5'* ,%(5#-/#&.',(6 ̀ &/ =% 0-/ <-.9&/ /#'/

/#$% ,&.%-0 $% ' .&<*&5/$-0 -< M' ,'./$5=*'. ,%(5#-*-9$5'* 5*$:'/&? )#$5# '*%- %')

/#& ',-9&& -< 5-*-0$'*$%:? $02=%/.$'*$%:? 5',$/'*$%:6N 8U$**:'0? OP]PR _f; @&

#'4& 5-:& /- ' ,-$0/ )#&.& /#& 0'.5$%%$%: -< /#& 5-0%=*/$09 .--: :=%/ 1&

2.$4&0 -=/6 @#'/ )-=*2 $/ 1& *$3& )&.& )& /- $:'9$0& /#& ,'/$&0/ '% 5$/$\&0> '%3%

U$**:'0 8OP]PR _Y; L< /#&.',( '02 4-$5& '.& /- 1& /#& 1'%$% -< ' ,'.'2$9: %#$</

/-)'.2 /#& ,'/$&0/ '02 /#& 5$/$\&0? )& :=%/ 1&9$0 $0 /#& 5-0%=*/$09 .--:6 M@&



#'4& 1&5-:& %=,&.5-0%5$-=% ,'/$&0/% '02 '0'*(%/%? 4&.( ')'.& '02 4&.( %=1/*&

$0/&.$-.$\&2 $02$4$2='*%? '02 4&.( =05-0%5$-=% 5$/$\&0%?N #& 2&5*'.&%6 8OP]PR _j;

U$**:'0 2&:'02% ' ,-%/A%&*<A5&0/&.&2 /#&.',(6 @& .&:'$0 2&2$5'/&2 /-

$02$4$2='*$%: '02 /#& /#&-.( -< /#& ,&.%-0? U$**:'0 %'(% '02 #& =.9&% =% /-M1.$09 2'.30&%% -=/ <.-: $/% #$2$09 ,*'5& $0 /#& $02$4$2='*? -=/ /- /#&

:'.3&/,*'5&6N @#'/ )-=*2 1& /#& 0'/=.& -< /#&.',&=/$5 2$%5-=.%&? ' ,-%/A'0'*(/$5

/#&.',( /#'/ 2$%%-*4&% $2&0/$/( '02 )$/# $/ M/#-%& $%-*'/$09 $02$4$2='*$%:% -<

/#&.',&=/$5 *'09='9& %=5# '% =0$/(? 5&0/&.&20&%%? )#-*&0&%%? $0/&9.'/$-0? '02

&%,&5$'**( /#'/ $0/&0%&*( .&<*&5/$4& %=1%/'0/$4& :(/#-*-9&: -. 1&)$/5#$09 V-2A

/&.:? D&/,?N 8,6_Y; U$**:'0 2&%5.$1&% #-) %-5$'* 5-0/&+/ '<<&5/% M'//$/=2&%? :--2%?

.&<*&5/$-0%? -. )#'/ )& 5'** ,%(5#-*-9$5'* 5-0%5$-=%0&%%N /- .&4&'* #-) $/ $% 0-/-0*( /#& %-5$'* /#'/ 5-=0/% $0 ,%(5#-/#&.',(? 1=/ /#& ,-*$/$5'*6 B( 3&&,$09 ,-*$/$5%

-=/ -< /#& .&'*: -< ,%(5#-'0'*(%$%? #& %'(%? )& '.& N3&&,$09 ,%(5#-/#&.',(

$::=0& <.-: $0<&5/$-0 1( /#& 1-2( ,-*$/$5?N 8,6_]; U$**:'0 2&%5.$1&% /#&

M*'5=0'&N $0 5-0%5$-=%0&%% /#'/ /#& -:$%%$-0 -< /#& ,-*$/$5'* <.-: ,%(5#-/#&.',(

,.-2=5&%6 "#& 1-2( ,-*$/$5 $% 5.=5$'* /- E=&%/$-0% '22.&%%&2 )$/#$0

5-0/&:,-.'.( 1*'53 %/=2$&%S 1-/# 1*'530&%% '02 ,%(5#-/#&.',(? #'4$09 1&&0

-:$//&2 <.-: /#& 1-2( ,-*$/$5? '.& 0&=.-/$5'**( 2&<&0%&2 '9'$0%/ $/6 T.-<&%%$-0'*

&/#$5% $% M/#& 0&) 2$%5$,*$0& -< $::=0$/(? =0$:'9$0&2 1( I.&=2?N U$**:'0

2&5*'.&%6 8OP]PR _O; "#& /&.:% C&*<? $02$4$2='* '02 $02$4$2='*$/( 5'..( /#& :$..-.S

5-=*2 )& 2$%5'.2 /#&%& 0-/$-0% -< C&*<> M@& 0&&2 '0-/#&. 2&<$0$/$-0? M0&$/#&.

1$-*-9$5'*? /#&-*-9$5'*? ,%(5#-*-9$5'* 0-. -0/-*-9$5'* K $0%/&'2 ,-*$/$5'* K C&*< '%

/#& $0/&.$-.$\'/$-0 -< 5-::=0$/(6N U$**:'0 %'(% 8OP]PR _^; "- '%3 '1-=/ /#&

,-*$/$5'* )-=*2 /#&0 /- 1& /- '%3 '1-=/ C&*<6 "#& ,=.%=$/ -< $0%$9#/ )-=*2 '*%-

.&E=$.& '0 -1Q&5/$4& 5-..&*'/$4&? M/#& ,*'5& )#&.& $0%$9#/ '.$%&%? /#& 5-::=0$/(

.'/#&. /#'0 /#& /.'0%<&.&05&6N 8,6_^; "#& &04$.-0:&0/ $% 0-) :( :$..-.? %'(%

U$**:'0? '02 $0%$9#/ $% 0-) -=/.'9&6 8,6fP;

L< ,%(5#-'0'*(%$% $% $::=0& <.-: $0<&5/$-0 1( /#& 1-2( ,-*$/$5? '02 2-:$0'0/

5=*/=.& $% $::=0& <.-: $0<&5/$-0 1( 1*'530&%%? )& :=%/ '%3? #-) 2- 1*'530&%%

'02 ,%(5#-'0'*(%$% ,.-<$/ <.-: /#& '1%&05& -< /#& ,-*$/$5'*> T-%$/$09 1*'530&%% '%

,%(5#-'0'*(/$5 4-$5& $% /#.$**$09? 1&5'=%& $/ '//'53% /#& &*'1-.'/& <'0/'%( -<

$02$4$2='*$%:? '02 ,.-4$2&% '0 -,,-./=0$/( /- .&5-0%$2&.? $0 /#& 5-0%=*/$09



.--:? M/#& /#&-*-9$5'* V-2 -< :-0-/#&$%: K '0-:$5? /.'0%5&02&0/? -:0$%5$&0/?

-:0$,-/&0/6N @& 2- 0-/ ,.'5/$5& ,-*$/$5%? )& ,.'5/$5& .&*$9$-0? %'(% U$**:'0R

MI.&=2 '02 [=09 #'2 /- /'53*& .&*$9$-0 '9'$0 '02 '9'$0? '02 `'5'0 #'2 /- %/'/&

/#'/ $< .&*$9$-0 )$0%? ,%(5#-'0'*(%$% $% 2--:&26N 8OP]PR _Z; D05& '9'$0 )& '.&5-0/':$0'/&2 1( /#& .&*$9$-=% $:,=*%&? -0*( 0-)? $/ 5'0 1& <.':&2 1( ' 0&)

2&<$0$/$-0 -< C&*<6

L< 1*'530&%% $% /#& ,%(5#-'0'*(/$5'* 4-$5&? '02 ,%(5#-'0'*(%$% #'% Q-$0&2 /#&

,'./(? 0- *-09&. 0&&2 )& 5-0%$2&. MB*'530&%% '% /#& .&<=%'* /- 2&<&. /- /#&

&/&.0'* 2&*'( -< %-4&.&$90/(6N 8F-/&0? OP]jR j]; B*'530&%% $% &:'05$,'/&2 <.-:

-0/-*-9$5'* &+,&5/'/$-0? M-0/-*-9(G% %'05/$-0 '9'$0%/ /#& 4&.( $2&' -< 1*'53%=1Q&5/$4$/(6N 8@$*2&.%-0? 5$/&2 $0 B.'.? ,6Of; 7&%,$/& &/#&.&'* '02 /.'0%$&0/

E='*$/$&%? /#& #=:'0 4-$5& $% /#& $0%/.=:&0/ /#'/ :-%/ ,.-<-=02*( .&02&.%

M$0/&.0'* 5-.,-.&'* 5-0<$9=.'/$-0% ,&.5&,/$1*& <-. /#& )-.*26N B&5'=%& /#& 4-$5&

,.-4$2&% ' :=*/$2$:&0%$-0'* './$5=*'/$-0 -< /#& 1-2(? $/ $% /#&.&<-.& ' /&5#0-*-9(

M<=02':&0/'* /- /#& <-=02'/$-0 -< /#& 5.&'/$-0 -< #=:'0 %-5$&/(6N 8C#&,#&.2 '02

@$53& 5$/&2 $0 H$2%#&$:? OPPYR ]Z^;6 C/-&4&.AJ53&.:'0 #'% =.9&2 =% /- *$%/&0

1&(-02 -=. .'5$'*$%&2 &+,&5/'/$-0%S 2&0'/=.'*$\$09 .'5$'*$%&2 *$%/&0$09 ,.'5/$5&%

)$** #$9#*$9#/ /#& $:,-./'05& -< %-=02 '% ' %$/& -< :&'0$09 '02 &/#$5'*

$04-*4&:&0/6 8C/-&4&.AJ53&.:'0? j]; L/ $% 0-/ /#.-=9# ' 2&5-*-0$\'/$-0 -< 4-5'*

/$:1.&? 1*'53g&0&2h :=%$5? /#& )#$%,&.% -< /#& 2$%&0<.'05#$%&2 <.-: ' 2'.3 '1(%%

-. $0 /#& 5-0%=*/$09 .--: /#'/ )& <$02 /#& %-0$5 /#'/ M:-4&% )$/# :-%/ $0/&0%$/(6N

8F-/&0; "#& .&E=$.&2 $0/&0%$/( <-. :-4&:&0/ $% :-%/ .&4&'*&2 $0 )#'/ /#&

'*5#&:$5'* /.'2$/$-0 :$9#/ 0':& /#& "-68&4+ %-=02? -. )+"-*() "-68&4+S /#'/ $%?

,%(5#-'0'*(/$5 4-$5&? '5-=%:'/$5 %$*&05&? )#$5# 5'0 0-) 1& 5-:,.&#&02&2 '%

5-0/&:,-.'.( 1*'530&%%6

L% 2'.3 %-=02 0&5&%%'.$*( 2&%/.=5/$4& $0 5#'.'5/&.> B$\'..&*(? )& <$02 /#& '0%)&.

/- 1& ,-%$/$4&? $0 '** %&0%&%6 e&/ 2'.3 %-=02 $% 2&%/.=5/$4& $0 /#& '*5#&:$5'*

/.'2$/$-0 -< /#& "-68&4+? )#&.&1( ' 2&%/.=5/$4& 1*'530&%% $% '% '55-:,*$%#:&0/6

L0 -.2&. <-. /#$% 0&) :-4&:&0/ /- /'3& ,*'5&? /#& $02$4$2='* :=%/ 1&

/.'0%<-.:&2 1( /#& ,-*$% /- :'3& )'( <-. /#& 5$/$\&0? ' 9*-1'* 5$/$\&0 )#-%&

5-::=0$5'/$-0'* $:,&.'/$4& :'(? $0 /#& :$22*& -< %$*&05&? $:'9$0& 1*'530&%%?



/#$03 1*'530&%%? '02 1& 1*'530&%%6 L/ $% 0-/ ' .&/#$03$09 -< .'5$'* ,-*$/$5% /#'/

-<<&.% ,-%%$1$*$/$&% -< <.&&2-:? 1=/ ' .&/#$03$09 -< /#& 4-$5& $0 .&*'/$-0 /- /#&

0-0A#=:'0? '02 ' .&,-%$/$-0$09 -< /#& $02$4$2='* )$/#$0 ,%(5#-'0'*(%$%6 U$**:'0

-<<&.% =% ' %-*=/$-0 )#&0 #& ,.-,-%&% /#& B+/-)6 B*'530&%% 2-&% 0-/ 0&&2 )#$/&%=,.&:'5( /- 5-:& $0/- 1&$09 A 1*'530&%% 5-:&% $0/- 1&$09 '% /#& ,%(5#-'0'*(/$5

4-$5& '02 /#& ,-*$%6 "#& *$9#/ -< .&'%-0 $% 0-/ /- 1& 5'%/ 1( /#& H:,(.&'0? 1=/ 1(

/#& )+/ "-6&8 ? /#& 1*'53 %=0? )#$5# 9*&':% ':$2%/ /#& 5#'-% /#'/ ,&.<-.:% '02

,.-2=5&% '% $/ 1*'53&0%6

`&/ =% ,.&2$5/ ' <=/=.& :-:&0/ )#&0 '0'*(%$% .&5-90$\&% /#'/ M5$/$\&0 /'3&%

,.$-.$/( -4&. ,'/$&0/?N 8U$**:'0? OP]PR fa; /#& MJ,-**-0$5 '02 D&2$,'*? d30-)

/#(%&*<GN $% -1%-*&/&? '02 -=. :-//- )$** 0- *-09&. 1& 3+6-*+ &86+ )(=@ 1=/ 3+"U-U+

&86+ )(=? *--%&*( /.'0%*'/&2? ML ,'./(? L ': -< ' ,'./(? /#&.&<-.& ':6N 8,6f_;

W-::=0$5'1*& 1*'530&%% :'( 1& =04-$5&2? 1=/ $% 0-/ '0 $:,-%%$1$*$/(6 T&.#',% $/

$% 1&%/ 0-/ /- -<<&. %,&5=*'/$4& %-*=/$-0% /- /#& ,.-1*&:'/$5 5-05&,/='*

5-04&.9&05& -< 2'.30&%%? 4-$5& '02 1*'530&%%? 1=/ $0%/&'2 /- $04$/& /#& 5$/$\&0?

B+/-)? /- Q-$0 =% $0 /.$53*$09 5*&'. )'/&.% -4&. /#& %&&2 )& #'4& ,*'0/&2 2&&,

=02&.9.-=026 L/ )$** 1& /#$% %&&2 /#'/ .&:'$0% -=. 5-0%/'0/ %/=2( '% $/

9&.:$0'/&%? 2&4&*-,% .--/%? '02 5-$*% =,)'.2% /-)'.2 /#& 1*'53 %=0 /- 5.&%/ /#&

%-$*g&2h #-.$\-0? )#&0 )& )$** 1& <.&& /- %'(R ML ': ,'./(6 @#'/ L %'( 9-&%6N

:','$#'( +"O,"17P-Q%R

Beale, M. (2002) [Online]. 183%-*&3*(80/ 13+()*-3) .08* FIA+"3&B*)@ A-*-&)@

L(=0")? Date accessed 1 August 2014. Available at:

http://www.philophony.com/sensprop/archacoustics/2.html

Brar, D. (2012) Blackness, radicalism, sound: Black Consciousness and Black

popular music in the U.S.A (1955-1971). [Online] Doctoral Thesis,

Goldsmiths, University of London [Thesis]: Goldsmiths Research Online.

Accessed on 10 July 2014. Available at:http://research.gold.ac.uk/7806/1/MED_thesis_Brar_2012.pdf



Connor, S. 2014. Beyond words. London: Reaktion Books Ltd.

Connor, S. (2010) What I say goes. [Online]. In Dumbstruck [Accessed on 12

August 2014]. Available at: http://www.stevenconnor.com/dumbstruck/

Conrad, J. (2007) Heart of Darkness. Penguin Classics: London.

Crary, J. (2013) R0*& A0B-*0/-)= 0"4 *%& N"4) +, D/&&B? Verso: London, New

York

Dalal, F. (2002) O03&@ 3+/+(8 0"4 *%& B8+3&))&) +, 803-0/-P0*-+"? Routledge:

Hove, East Sussex

Davidson, J. (2008). $%& Y8&&: 7<*%)@ +8-6-") +, *%& 6+4)? Quebecor World:

London

Dolar, M. (2006) 1 2+-3& 0"4 5+*%-"6 7+8& ED%+8* A-83(-*)K? Cambridge,

MA: MIT Press.

Dolar, M. (1996) "#& D1Q&5/ i-$5& in Gaze and Voice as Love Objects? Zizek,

S. and Sacleci, R. (Eds). Duke University Press: USA

Eidsheim, N. S. (2008). 2+-3& 0) 0 *&3%"+/+6< +, )&/,%++4; *+M084) 0"

0"0/<)-) +, 803-0/-P&4 *-=Q8& 0"4 U+30/ B&8,+8=0"3&? UC San Diego:

b5769418. [Thesis] Available at: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h8841kp

Farley, A. (2008). $%& A+/+(8I/-"& 0) A0B-*0/-)* 133(=(/0*-+"? [Online].

Buffalo Law Review. [Accessed on 2 August 2014.] Available at:

http://buffalolaw.org/past_issues/56_4/Farley%20Final%2056-

4%20Dec26.pdf

Henriques, J. (2011) D+"-3 Q+4-&)Z 8&660& )+("4 )<)*&=)@ B&8,+8=0"3&

*&3%"-[(&) 0"4 M0<) +, :"+M-"6? The Continuum International Publishing

Group: London.

Hibbard, L. (2012) Gainesville High School StudentGs Racist YouTube Rant.

[Online] J55&%%&2 -0 ]O [=*( OP]a6 J4'$*'1*& '/R

)))6#=<<$09/-0,-%/65-:mOP]OmPOmO]m9'$0&%4$**&A#$9#A%5#--*A%t0t]O^P^O^6#/:*6

Hillman, J. (2006). A-*< \ D+(/? Spring Publications Inc.: Putnam, Connecticut

Hillman, J. (1979). $%& '8&0= 0"4 *%& C"4&8M+8/4? Harper & Row

Publishers: New York, N.Y.



Hillman, J. (1997). "#& C&2=5/$-0 -< B*'53 in Haiti: A Psychology of Black.

Spring Publications: Woodstock, Connecticut

Kane, B. (2014) D+("4 C")&&"; 13+()=0*-3 D+("4 -" $%&+8< 0"4 .803*-3&?

Oxford University Press: USA.

Khanna, R. (2003). '08: A+"*-"&"*)@ .)<3%+/+6< 0"4 A+/+"-0/-)=. Duke

University Press: USA

LaBelle, B. (2014). R&]-3+" +, *%& 7+(*%@ .+&*-3) 0"4 .+/-*-3) +, 2+-3& 0"4

*%& T80/ !=06-"08<? Bloomsbury Academic: London.

Martina, E. (2014) T" *%& A+"*0-"=&"* +, 9/03:"&)) -" '(*3% 1"*-IO03-)*

T860"-P-"6? [Online]. Accessed on July 2014. Available at:

http://processedlives.wordpress.com/2014/05/23/on-the-containment-of- blackness-in-dutch-anti-racist-organizing/

McCarthy, T., Crtitchley, S. et al. (2012). $%& =70**&8-"6 +, 70**&8@

'+3(=&"*) ,8+= *%& 183%-U& +, *%& !"*&8"0*-+"0/ 5&38+"0(*-30/ D+3-&*<? Sternberg Press: Berlin.

Moten, F. (2013) 9/03:"&)) 0"4 "+*%-"6"&)) E7<)*-3-)= -" *%& ,/&)%K.

[Online] Accessed on 14 July 2014. Available from:

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0By5XNHEDzGd5N0UzRHNZX1p5YmdzMG

g4VU9ROXZ0YUZlZS1F/edit

Neumark, N. (2011) 1&)*%&*-3) +, 2+-3&? [Online]. Accessed on August 4

2014. Available at: http://isea2011.sabanciuniv.edu/paper/aesthetics-voice

Obadike, M. (2005) R+M >-4&/-*<; D*&8&+*<B&4 Q/03:"&)) -" *%& ,-&/4 +, )+("4?

[Online] Doctoral Thesis, Duke University. Accessed on 29 July 2014.

[Thesis] Extract available at: http://phdtree.org/pdf/25531340-low-fidelity-

stereotyped-blackness-in-the-field-of-sound/

Rafferty, S. (2008) B--3 c&4$&)? 1 2+-3& 0"4 5+*%-"6 7+8&? gD0*$0&h International Journal of Communication Vol. 2. Accessed 20 July 2014.

Available at: $Q-56-.9m$02&+6,#,m$Q-5m'./$5*&m2-)0*-'2mjZ_m]^_

Rath, R. (2003) L+M N08/< 1=&8-30 D+("4&4? Cornell University Press:Ithaca, New York

Shaviro, S. (2006) A Voice and Nothing More in The Pinocchio Theory.

[Online] [Accessed on 10 June 2014]. Available at:

http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=489



Skafte, D. (1997) "#& C$1(*%R 1.$29$09 ,&.%-0'* $2&0/$/( '02 -.'5=*'.

30-)$09 in Haiti: A Psychology of Black . Spring Publications: Woodstock,

Connecticut

Stoever-Ackerman, J. (2011) $%& S+84 0"4 *%& D+("4; R-)*&"-"6 *+ $%&D+"-3 A+/+(8I/-"& -" >8&4&8-3: '+(6/0))V) F^_H 50880*-U&? [Online]

SoundEffects: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Sound and Sound Experience.

Vol. 1 no. 1. [Accessed on 24 June 2014] Available at:

http://www.soundeffects.dk/article/view/4169

Thacker, E. (2011) !" $%& '()* T, $%-) ./0"&*@ L+88+8 +, .%-/+)+B%< 2+/? F?

Zero Books: Alresford, Hants.

Thacker, E. (2014) Dark Media, in N]3+==("-30*-+"; $%8&& 7&4-0 N"[(-8-&)

-" 7&4-0 0"4 7&4-0*-+"? Galloway/Thacker/Wark (Eds.) 2014. The

University of Chicago Press: London and Chicago

Warner, M. (2000) 5+ Y+ *+ *%& 9+6&<=0" D308-"6@ R(//-"6 0"4 70:-"6

7+3:? Vintage: London

Wilderson, F. (2010) O&4@ S%-*& \ 9/03:; A-"&=0 0"4 *%& D*8(3*(8& +, C?D?

1"*06+"-)=)? 7=3& X0$4&.%$/( T.&%%R X0$/&2 C/'/&% -< J:&.$5'6

S",T/$%& N"*-*< 8]^YO; 7$.&5/&2 1( C$20&( [6 I=.$&6 7$%/.$1=/&2 1( OP/# W&0/=.(

I-+6

C','U"8"12/

BBC4, '&,-"-*&/< '()*< . Produced by Serena Cross, broadcast on 15

December 2013.

Pitched Black

Documents

Transcript of Pitched Black