Physical Network BasicsPhysical Network Basicsprepared byprepared by

Jason Lee DavisJason Lee Davis

Multipoint TopologiesMultipoint Topologies

Linear Linear -AKA--AKA- Bus Bus Traditional Bus, 32 nodes maximumTraditional Bus, 32 nodes maximum

RingRing Scalable, high bandwidth, fault tolerantScalable, high bandwidth, fault tolerant

StarStar Basic distribution from hubsBasic distribution from hubs

TreeTree Cascading StarsCascading Stars

SwitchSwitch Star with hub providing switching functionStar with hub providing switching function

MeshMesh Parallel processors (Intel Paragon), Parallel processors (Intel Paragon),

SupercomputersSupercomputers

Linear Linear oror Bus Bus

RingRing

StarStar

SwitchSwitch

TreeTree

MeshMesh

AREA NETWORK BUSESAREA NETWORK BUSESPrototypePrototype

BusBus Standard Standard Data RateData Rate

ATMAsynchronousTransfer Mode

ISO/ITU 300 MBytes/s

FDDIFiber DistributedData Interface

ISO 9314-x 12 Mbytes/s

100baseEthernetFast Ethernet

IEEEP802.14

12 Mbytes/s

Ethernet IEEE 802.3-1990

1.2 Mbytes/s

SONETSONETSynchronous Optical NETworkSynchronous Optical NETwork

Uses Optical Carrier (OC)Uses Optical Carrier (OC)

Bandwidth in multiples of 51.84 Mbps…Bandwidth in multiples of 51.84 Mbps…OC-1 = 51.84 MbpsOC-1 = 51.84 Mbps

OC-3 = 155.52 MbpsOC-3 = 155.52 Mbps -ATM-ATM

OC-12 = 622.08 MbpsOC-12 = 622.08 Mbps -Prototype ATM-Prototype ATM

OC-48 = 2488.32 MbpsOC-48 = 2488.32 Mbps

OC-192 = 9953.28 MbpsOC-192 = 9953.28 Mbps

……etc.etc.

Ethernet Protocol ChannelsEthernet Protocol ChannelsBase Cable Type Data Rate Length ConnectorBase Cable Type Data Rate Length Connector

10base-5ThickNet

Coax50ohm

10 Mbps 1640' AUI

10base-2ThinNet

Coax50ohm

10 Mbps 600' BNC

10base-T UTP/STPCategory 5

10 Mbps 328' RJ45

100base-TX UTP/STPCategory 5

100 Mbps 328' RJ45

100base-T4 UTP/STPCategory 3

100 Mbps 328' RJ45

100base-FX Multi-modeFiber

100 Mbps 6562' Optical

Cable VarietiesCable Varieties

CoaxCoax Twisted PairTwisted Pair Fiber OpticFiber Optic

Network InstallationNetwork Installation

Directional BoringDirectional Boring

Network InstallationNetwork Installation

Fiber Optic Cable InstallationFiber Optic Cable Installation

Telco ConnectionsTelco Connections

POTS POTS “Plain Old Telephone Service” (analog)“Plain Old Telephone Service” (analog)

56 kbps56 kbps

Narrowband ISDN - BRI Narrowband ISDN - BRI (Basic Rate Interface)(Basic Rate Interface) (digital)(digital)

2 X 64 kbps 2 X 64 kbps (B channels)(B channels) + 16 kbps + 16 kbps (D channel)(D channel)

Broadband ISDN - PRI Broadband ISDN - PRI (Primary Rate Interface) (digital)(Primary Rate Interface) (digital)

23 X 64 kbps 23 X 64 kbps (B channels)(B channels) + 16 kbps + 16 kbps (D channel)(D channel)

T1 T1 (digital)(digital)

1.544 Mbps1.544 Mbps

T3 T3 (digital)(digital)

45 Mbps45 Mbps

Example “Campus” NetworkExample “Campus” Network