Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré1 Measurements of some Crystals with PMT...

Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 1

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Measurements of some Crystals

with PMT

R&D on Calorimeters

Jean PeyréLund - June 2007


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1.Milano conclusions2.Measurements of Energy resolution on CsI(Tl)

a) Measurements with square PMT

b) New measurements on St-Gobain Xtals

c) Comparisons of St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix

4.Calorimeter Design

3.Measurements with new Crystals

a) Energy measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3

5.Conclusions

a) Design and prototype proposition

b) Work with St-Gobain on new Xtals


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5.Conclusions





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rEnergy Resolutions CsI(Tl)+VM2000+APD/PMT+137Cs

5,74%

8,05%

8,23% 9,39%

6,70%

9,40% 10,33%

5,86% 6,57%

12,28%

22x22x22 22x22x220 44x22x200 66x22x200

XP

5300B

XP

1912

AP

D S

8664-1

010


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XP1452

• XP1452 38 mm (Active area 4x272mm2), green extended bialkaly

• Quantum efficiency 30% at 420nm, 20% at 550nm• Size from 35mm to 50mm

Use of XP1452 foreseen in 2006

Next tests with XP1452


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rConclusions of Milano Oct

2006

1. Collected light through long crystals is not constant. Tests with non collimated 137Cs source give resolutions greater that 15%.

2. The choice of VM2000 seems obvious3. With XP1912, it seems difficult to have a resolution

better than 9%-10% at 662keV on long crystals because:a. Area covered by PMT is only 36% with 22x22

output faceb. Intrinsic resolution of crystal is quite high

(~4/5%)c. Photocathode is not green extended bialkaly

4. Resolution obtained with PMT XP1912 and APD are quite comparable until 3.25MeV

5. No work has been done on surface quality (polished/rough)

6. Use of XP1452 seems promising7. Tests on LaCl3/LaCl3 crystals


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rConclusions of Milano Oct

2006

Photodetector

Area photok

Area photok/Area Xtal

Quantum Efficiency

Global Efficiency

@0.66Mev

@1.33Mev

@3.25Mev

Cost

XP5300B

>484 mm2

100% 24% 24% 5.54%

4.83%

4.36%

Testonly

XP1912 176 mm2

36% 14% 5% 9.25%

7.11%

5.49%

120€

XP145238x38

272 mm2

56% 20% 11% 6.89%

5.62%

4.73%

350/2€

XP145244x44

380 mm2

79% 20% 16% 6.21%

5.21%

4.54%

350/2€

APD 100 mm2

21% 85% 17% 9.00%

6.64%

5.15%

150€

Calculated ResolutionsXtal 22x22x220 @550nm


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5.Conclusions





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Photodetector

Area photok

Area photok/Area Xtal

Quantum Efficiency

Global Efficiency

@0.66Mev

@1.33Mev

@3.25Mev

Cost

XP5300B

>484 mm2

100% 24% 24% 5.54%

4.83%

4.36%

Testonly

XP1912 176 mm2

36% 14% 5% 9.25%

7.11%

5.49%

120€

XP145238x38

272 mm2

56% 20% 11% 6.89%

5.62%

4.73%

350/2€

XP145244x44

380 mm2

79% 20% 16% 6.21%

5.21%

4.54%

350/2€

APD 100 mm2

21% 85% 17% 9.00%

6.64%

5.15%

150€

Measurements with Square PMT

Calculated ResolutionsXtal 22x22x220 @550nm

Measured reasult:6,75%

Case #1 :In Red : Crystal CsI(Tl) 22x22x22In Black : PMT XP1452

Case #2 :In Red : Crystal CsI(Tl) 22x22x22In Black : PMT XP1452

Measured reasult:6,42%


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5.Conclusions





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Results for PMT + 137CsCrystal from St-Gobain 22x22x220

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Position (mm) of Gamma source along the Xtal

Co

llect

ed L

igh

t (p

he-

) b

y X

P53

00B

juin-06VM

déc-06VM

juin-06Tf

déc-06Tf

Resolution (FWHM)

homogeneity

XP 5300B 22x22x220

Teflon dec06

Teflon sept06

VM2000 sept06

VM2000 dec06

R8,18%

+-21,24%

R6,70%

+-12,49%

R7,02%

+-8,33%

R6,71%

+-2,23%


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4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200


Co

llect

ed L

igh

t (p

he-

) b

y X

P53

00B

juin-06VM

déc-06VM

juin-06Tf

déc-06Tf

5,86%

6,35%

Resolution (FWHM)

homogeneity

+-4,73%

+-1,58%

XP 5300B 22x44x200

6,65%

6,94%

+-9,60%

+-5,03% Teflon

Teflon

VM2000

VM2000


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4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200


Co

llect

ed L

igh

t (p

he-

) b

y X

P53

00B

juin-06VM

déc-06VM

juin-06Tf

déc-06Tf

6,57%

6,90%

Resolution (FWHM)

homogeneity

+-4,37%

+-1,66%

XP 5300B 22x66x200

6,68%

7,05%

+-7,46%

+-3,82%

VM2000

Teflon

VM2000

Teflon


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Crystal 22x22x220Before modification by St GobainOutput face polished and others unpolished

After modification by St GobainPolished (brown), unpolished (red)


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Results for PMT + 137CsCrystal from St-Gobain 22x44x200 & 22x66x200

Crystal 22x44x200 & 22x66x200Before modification by St GobainOutput face polished and others unpolished

After modification by St GobainPolished (brown), unpolished (red)


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5.Conclusions





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Results for PMT + 137CsCrystal from Amcrys 22x22x220

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220


Co

llec

ted

Lig

ht

(ph

e-)

by

XP

5300

B

Amcrys_emb Amcrys

Amcrys_VM2000

Resolution (FWHM)

homogeneity

XP 5300B 22x22x220

R6,46%

+-2,97%

R6,33%

+-1,36%

Original

VM2000 Feb07


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Results for PMT + 137CsCrystal from St-Gobain/Amcrys/Scionnix 22x22x220

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220


Amcrys_VM2000

St-Gobain_VM2000

Scionnix_VM2000

XP 5300B 22x22x220

R6,33%

+-1,36%

R6,71%

+-2,23%

Amcrys

Saint-Gobain

R6,29%

+-1,72%

Scionnix

Resolution (FWHM)

homogeneity


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rEnergy Resolutions CsI(Tl)

+VM2000+PMT+137CsCrystal from different companies with XP5300B

5,74%

6,71% 6,33%

5.96% 5,75%

St-Gobain Amcrys Scionnix

22x22x220

6,29%

22x22x22


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5.Conclusions





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LaBr3 & LaCl3 Crystals

LaBr3 & LaCl3 Crystals from St –Gobain 1inch diam and 1inch length


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rEnergy Resolution of LaBr3

data from St-Gobain


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rEnergy Resolution of LaBr3

0,0%

2,0%

4,0%

6,0%

8,0%

10,0%

12,0%

0 keV 1000 keV 2000 keV 3000 keV 4000 keV 5000 keV 6000 keV 7000 keV

Energy

LaBr3 diam25x25 measured @ IPNO


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0,0%

1,0%

2,0%

3,0%

4,0%

5,0%

6,0%

7,0%

8,0%

9,0%

10,0%

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Energy

Energy Resolution for some Crystals

60Co

137Cs

56Co

LaBr3

LaCl3

CsI(Tl)

CsI(Na)22x22x22

22x22x22

Diam25x25

Diam25x25

XP5300B

E

A

En

erg

y re

solu

tio

n


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0,0%

1,0%

2,0%

3,0%

4,0%

5,0%

6,0%

7,0%

8,0%

9,0%

10,0%

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Energy

Energy Resolution for some Crystals

60Co

137Cs

56Co

LaBr3

LaCl3

CsI(Tl)

CsI(Na)22x22x22

22x22x22

Diam25x25

Diam25x25

N

1

4700phé

6800phé

10705phé

13172phé

@662keVE

A

N:number of photo-electrons

XP5300B

En

erg

y re

solu

tio

n


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rEnergy Resolution you can

obtain with CsI(Tl)

With PMT:

R: global resolution RS: scintillator resolution

RM: Photomultiplier resolution Nv(M)1

2.35RM

v(M): variance of the PMT gain (~0,1)N: Number of photoelectrons

2M

2S

2 RRR

N phé RM pmt RS scint R

900 8,62% 4,00% 9,50%

950 8,39% 4,00% 9,29%

1000 8,17% 4,00% 9,10%

2000 5,78% 4,00% 7,03%

3000 4,72% 4,00% 6,19%

4000 4,09% 4,00% 5,72%

5000 3,66% 4,00% 5,42%

6000 3,34% 4,00% 5,21%


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0,0%

1,0%

2,0%

3,0%

4,0%

5,0%

6,0%

7,0%

8,0%

9,0%

10,0%

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Energy

“Intrisic” Energy Resolution for some Crystals

N:number of photo-electrons

0,0%

1,0%

2,0%

3,0%

4,0%

5,0%

6,0%

7,0%

8,0%

9,0%

10,0%

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Energy

0,0%

1,0%

2,0%

3,0%

4,0%

5,0%

6,0%

7,0%

8,0%

9,0%

10,0%

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Energy

0,0%

1,0%

2,0%

3,0%

4,0%

5,0%

6,0%

7,0%

8,0%

9,0%

10,0%

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Energy

N

1

2M

2S

2 RRR

LaBr3LaCl3

CsI(Tl)

CsI(Na)

Rm

R

Rs

N

1

Rm

R

Rs

N

1

Rm

RRs

N

1Rm

RRs

•The intrisic resolution is not constant with Energy and depends on root of the energy (1/root(E))•Labr3 is the only Crystal whose resolution is not mainly dominated by the quality of the crystal (Rs) but also by collected light (N)

En

erg

y r

eso

luti

on

En

erg

y r

eso

luti

on

En

erg

y r

eso

luti

on

En

erg

y r

eso

luti

on


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Labr3

• For 60Co, 3 peaks at 3,202, 3,253 et 3,273 MeV. Is it possible to separate the first one from the others?

3.45MeV

3.25MeV + 3.27Mev

3.20MeV

2.74MeV

Energy

Nb of counts


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rSeparation of peaks for Labr3 &

CsI(Tl)

3.25MeV + 3.27Mev

3.20MeV

Energy

Nb of counts

0

0,005

0,01

0,015

0,02

0,025

0,03

0,035

0,04

0,045

3140 3160 3180 3200 3220 3240 3260 3280 3300 3320 3340 3360 3380

Labr3

0

0,005

0,01

0,015

0,02

0,025

0,03

3140 3160 3180 3200 3220 3240 3260 3280 3300 3320 3340 3360 3380

3.25MeV + 3.27Mev +3.20MeV

CsI(Tl)

Energy

Nb of counts

R1.4%@3.2MeV

R2.8%@3.2MeV

R3.6%@3.2MeV


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5.Conclusions





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Possible Calorimeter Design

We have ordered 2 CsI(Tl) crystals from Scionnix. All material under test in September at IPNO (CsI(Tl)+Dual PMT)

Square PMT(1 per 2 crystals)

RectangularCrystals


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rPossible Calorimeter Design

Prototype

In 2008, construction of a prototype of 18 Xtals [CsI(Tl)] with 9 square PMT

•Simulation and Tests of the prototype with different thickness of material in between the crystals depending on mechanical and physics considerations.


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5.Conclusions





Peyre

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rStudy of thin envelops for

LaBr3 Xtals with Saint-Gobain

Try to realise a prototype of 20x20x20 mm3 with St-Gobain LaBr3 inside a carbon alveol to reduce the thickness of envelop

2mm -> <0.5mm

Leakage He Test of carbon alveol with aluminium foil (200μm+30μm)


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b) Time measurements with LaBr3/LaCl3/BaF2

5.Conclusions




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Conclusions

CsI(Tl)• For CsI(Tl), the basic resolution for different manufacturers

is quite comparable for small Crystals, but the wrapping and opticical treatement for long crystals seem at that time to be a very difficult science for St Gobain

• Energy resolution of 5/5.5% seams reachable with XP1452 at 1MeV

New Crystals• Even if Labr3/LaCl3 is very promising, St Gobain seems at that time to

have great difficulties to make long crystals.• Good Energy and Time resolution on small Crystals• There are no competitors on this market at that time• Are they interested by designing special crystals for physics experiments ?

Calorimeter Design• Prototype of 18 Crystals for test and simulation in lab

Peyrej @ ipno.in2p3.fr Lund - June 2007IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré1 Measurements of some Crystals with PMT...

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