PERIO

DONTAL I

NSTRUMEN

TS

& INSTR

UMENTA

TION

S E Y E D MO H A M M A D R

E Z A MA S O U M I

Y A Z D SC H O O L O

F DE N T I S

T R Y …I R

A N

PERIDONTAL INSTRUMENTS CLASSIFICATION:1. PERIODONTAL PROBES2. EXPLORERS3. SCALING, ROOT-PLANING &

CURETTAGE4. PERIODONTAL ENDOSCOPE5. CLEANSING & POLISHING

INSTRUMENTS

CLASSIFICATION

• PERIODONTAL PROBESused to locate, measure and mark pockets

as well as determine their course on individual tooth surfaces

• EXPLORERS to locate calculus deposites and caries

• SCALING, ROOT-PLANING AND CURETTAGE INSTRUMENTS-

for removal of plaque and calcified deposites from crown and root of tooth, removal of altered cementum from the subgingival root surface, and debridement of the soft tissue lining the pocket.

Sickle scaler- to remove supragingival calculus

Curettes- for subgingival scaling, root planing and removal of the soft tissue lining the pocket

Hoe, chisel and file scaler- to remove tenacious calculus and altered cementum

• Ultrasonic and sonic instruments- for cleansing and polishing tooth surface and curetting the soft tissue wall of the periodontal pocket

• CLEANSING & POLISHING INSTRUMENT

eg: rubber cups, brushes, dental tape,

air-powder abrasive system

PARTS OF INSTRUMENT

PERIDONATAL PROBESA. Marquis colour coded probeB. Unc-15 probeC. University of Michigan “o” probeD. Michigan “o” probe with marking 3, 6 and 8 E. W.H.O. probe

NABERS PROBE

• TAPERED ROD LIKE INSTRUMENT CALIBERATED IN MILLIMETERS, WITH A BLUNT ROUND TIP

• FURCATION AREAS BEST EVALUATED BY THE CURVED BLUNT NABERS PROBE

• PLASTIC PROBES IN CASE OF IMPLANTS• PROBE IS INSERTED WITH A FIRM

GENTLE PRESSURE TO THE BOTTOM OF THE POCKET. SHANK SHOULD ALLIGN WITH THE LONG AXIS OF THE TOOTH

EXPLORERS

TYPE OF SCALERS:

SICKEL SCALERS

SICKLE SCALERS / SUPRAGINGIVAL SCALERS • USED TO REMOVE LARGE CALCULUS DEPOSITS

FROM THE ENAMEL SURFACE• USED WITH A PULL STROKE

• LATERAL SURFACE:- STRAIGHT, MEET IN A POINT TIP

• NO OF CUTTING EDGE:- 2 CUTTING EDGE• WORKING END IN CROSS SECTION:- TRIANGULAR • SICKLE SCALERS WITH STRAIGHT SHANKS ARE

DESIGNED FOR USE ON ANTERIOR TEETH• SICKLE SCALERS WITH CONTRA ANGLED SHANKS

ADAPT TO POSTERIOR TEETH• U15/30 & UNIVERSITY SICKLE SCALER ARE LARGE• JAQUETTE SICKLE SCALERS HAVE MEDIUM SIZE

HOE SCALERS• HOE SCALERS ARE USED FOR

SCALING OF LEDGES OR RINGS CALCULUS

• BLADE IS BENT AT 99 ANGLE• CUTTING EDGE BEVELED AT 45

DEGREE• BLADE IS SLIGHT BOWED SO THAT IT

CAN MAINTAIN TWO CONTACT AT TWO POINTS ON A CONVEX SURFACE

• THE BLADE IS INSERTED TO THE BASE OF THE PERIDONTAL POCKET SO THAT IT MAKES TWO POINT CONTACT WITH THE TOOTH .THIS STABLIZES THE INSTRUMENT AND PREVENT NICKING OF THE ROOT.

• THE INSTRUMENT IS ACTIVATED WITH A FIRM PULL STROKE TOWARD THE CROWN,

CHISEL SCALERS• IT IS DESIGNED FOR THE PROXIMAL

SURFACE OF TEETH TOO CLOSELY SPACED TO PERMIT THE USE OF OTHER SCALERS

• IT IS USUALLY USED IN ANTERIOR PART OF THE MOUTH

• CHISEL INSERTED FROM FACIAL SURFACE• INSTRUMENT IS ACTIVATED WITH A PUSH

MOTION WHILE THE SIDE SIDE OF THE BLADE IS HELD FIRMLY AGAINST THE ROOT

FILES• THEIR PRIMARY

FUNCTION IS TO FRACTURE OR CRUSH LARGE DEPOSITE OF TENACIOUS CALCULUS

• FILES CAN EASILY ROUGHEN ROOT SURFACES WHEN USED IMPROPERLY THEREFORE, THEY ARE SUITABLE FOR FINE SCALING

• MINI BLABE CURETTE ARE NOW PREFERRED

CURETTES

• CURETTES ARE OF TWO TYPES1.UNIVERSAL2.AREA SPECIFIC

• UNIVERSAL CURETTES-USED IN ANY AREA-BOTH CUTTING EDGES USED-CURVED IN ONE PLANE-FACE OF BLADE AT 90 DEGREE TO SHANK

• AREA SPECIFIC-USED IN SPECIFIC AREAS-ONE CUTTING EDGE USED-CURVED IN TWO PLANEOFFSET BLADE

GRACEY CURETTES1-2 & 3-4 ANTERIOR TEETH5-6 ANTERIOR TEETH & PREMOLARS7-8 & 9-10 FACIAL & LINGUAL- POSTERIORS11-12 MESIAL- POSTERIORS13-14 DISTAL- POSTERIORS

ADAPTATION IN GRACEY CURETTE

MINI BLADED CURETTES

-MODIFICATIONS OF AFTER FIVE CURETTES

-BLADES ARE HALF THE LENGTH OF AFTER FIVE OR STANDERD GRACEY CURETTES

-SHORTER BLADES ALLOWS EASIER INSERTION AND ADAPTATION IN DEEP,NARROW POCKETS;FURCATIONS

eg HU-FRIEDY MINI FVE CURETTES

DIAMOND COATED FILES

UNIQUE INSTRUMENTS USED FOR FINAL FINISHING OF ROOT SURFACES

QUETIN FURCATION CURETTES HOES WITH A SHALLOW, HALF MOON RADIOUS

THAT FITS INTO ROOF OR FLOOR OF FURCATION & DEVELOPMENTAL DEPRESSIONS OF ROOT SURFACE

QUETIN FURCATION CURETTES

SCHWARTZ PERIOTRIEVER & LANGER CURETTES COMBINE GRACEY-TYPE

PERIODONAL ENDOSCOPY

CLEANSING & POLISHING INSTRUMENT

eg: rubber cups, brushes, dental tape, air-powder abrasive system

ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENTS• USED FOR REMOVING PLAQUE,

STAINS, FOR SCALING & CURETTAGE

2 TYPES-MAGNECTOSTRICTIVE & PIEZOELECTRIC

• ALTERNATING ELECTRIC CURRENTS GENERATES OSCILLATIONS THAT CAUSES SCALER TIP TO VIBRATE

• 20,000-45,000 CYCLES PER SEC• IN MAGNETOSTRICTIVE, PATTERN

OF VIBRATION IS ELLIPTICAL- ALL SIDES OF THE TIP ARE ACTIVE

• IN PIEZOELECTRIC, VIBRATION IS LINEAR- TWO SIDES OF TIP ARE ACTIVE