Period 2 Day 11607 - 1754

AGENDA 8/30 Check for understanding

Website + Schedule + 1st Exam

(September 18)

MCQ Tips and Practice

Period 2 Lecture

Read primary source Jamestown

Check for Understanding

How did joint-stock companies lead to the creation of British colonies in North America?

What were the main goals / motivations of British colonists wanting to travel to North America?

What questions are you left with about the reading?

Answering MCQ 55 questions in 55 minutes40% of the exam

- Question related to primary or secondary source, or an

image (photo, cartoon, painting, map, graph)

- Assesses one OR more historical thinking skills

- Includes content knowledge

Ability to use historical thinking skills and using relevant evidence.

Analyzing Evidence 1) Analyze type of evidence (reading or image)

2) What is the historical context in which it was created?

3) Who was the intended audience?

4) What was the POV of the author?

5) What was the author’s purpose?

Historical Thinking Skills

All MCQs will ask a question related to one or more historical thinking skills.

1) Analyzing Evidence2) Comparison3) Contextualization4) Causation5) Continuity / Change over time

Making a Choice 1) Read the stem of the question and all four choices carefully.

2) Keep in mind the need to make judgements about the significance of a variety of causes and effects.

3) Budget your time.

ExampleBased on the Algonquin Village portrayed in the drawing, which of the following statements is correct?

(A) The Algonquins were a warrior people, based on the defenses established in their village.

(B) The Algonquins were nomadic and moved constantly throughout the year.

(C) The Algonquins had an organized community structure.

(D) The Algonquins had a highly developed trade system. Algonquin Village c. 1585 in modern

day North Carolina

The illustration best depicts which of the following outcomes from the early Atlantic World?

(A) Interaction of Africans and Europeans resulted in the death of thousands due to bubonic plague.

(B) Thousands of Europeans died of disease as a result of interactions with Native Americans.

(C) Increased exploration of local resources led to starvation among various Native American groups.

(D) Increased interactions between Europeans and Native Americans lead to the dead of millions by diseases such as smallpox.

Courtesy of the UCLA Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies and JAmes Lockhart

“Developed between A.D. 900 and 1100, Cahokia and its immediate suburbs covered about six square miles and had a population of at least 10,000. Even at the smallest calculation, Cahokia ranked as the greatest Indian community north of Mexico. At its peak, Cahokia contained about 100 earthen temple and burial mounds as well as hundreds of thatched houses for commoners. The large city was surrounded by a stockade, a wall of large posts two miles in circumference with a watchtower every seventy feet.” - From American Colonies by Alan Taylor, Penguin Books, 2001

Based on the excerpt, which of the following is true about Cahokia?

(A) The Cahokians were nomadic people

(B) The culture of the Cahokia was not as advanced as other Indian nations in NA.

(C) The social structure of the Cahokia was based on an egalitarian philosophy.

(D) Cahokia had developed a complex society.

Period 2 1607 - 1754

Europeans and American Indians maneuvered and

fought for dominance, control, and security in

North America, and distinctive colonial and

native societies emerged.

Key Concept 2.1: Europeans developed a variety of colonization and migration

patterns, influenced by different imperial goals, cultures, and the varied North

American environments where they settled, and they competed with each other and

American Indians for resources.

Key Concept 2.2: The British colonies participated in political, social, cultural, and economic exchanges with Great Britain that

encouraged both stronger bonds with Britain and resistance to Britain’s control.

Key Concept 2.3: European colonization efforts in North America stimulated

intercultural contact and intensified conflict between the various groups of colonizers

and native peoples.

Period 21607 - 1754

Virginia Colony

Joint Stock Company- Primary goal to make profit- Religious motivation was much

less important than in founding ofMaryland (Catholic), Pennsylvania (Quakers), Rhode Island (freedom of religion) and Massachusetts (Puritans)

Tobacco: made Chesapeake colonies survive

- By mid 1700s tobacco is the most valuable cash crop produced in Southern states

Life in Jamestown

The first English settlers in Jamestown, Virginia, who

arrived in 1607, were eager to find gold and silver. Instead

they found sickness and disease.

First successful permanent English colony- Project of Virginia Company

- Existed to make money - Hopes to find gold in

region like Spanish had- Brought over goldsmiths

and jewelers

Starving Time 1610

- Didn’t enjoy farming- Half died the first year- 400 replacements --- by

1610 BAD winter “Starvation Time” = population down to 65

- No one wanted to come to the “New World” with a 20% survival rate

- Settlers paid people to come over and were given 50 acres of land - PER PERSON = creation of large estates

A Jamestown settler describes life in Virginia,

1622

Analyze Primary Source

- Who wrote it? What is their relationship to the historical event being addressed?

- Who was their intended audience?- What was the author’s point of

view?- What is the purpose?

Why is his perspective important in understanding what life in Jamestown was like in early colonial years?

Growth of SlaveryFrom Servitude to Slavery in the Chesapeake Region 1607-1690

- Indentured servants played key role in the growth of tobacco system in VA & MD. Chief source of agricultural labor

- Planters in VA & MD used the “headright” system to encourage importation of indentured servants. Pay passage-get 50 addtl acres

1619 First ship of African slaves arrived in Virginia

The key to Jamestown’s success?Tobacco and slave labor.

By 1680’s - 30 millions pounds of tobacco a year. THIRTY.

MassachusettsPuritans/Pilgrims

Pilgrims and Puritans

Suppose to land in Virginia, BUT… a little off course. While on the ship - 41 of the 150 colonists signed the Mayflower Compact.

Made themselves bound to follow “just and equal laws.” They chose their representatives.

FIRST WRITTEN FRAMEWORK OF US GOVERNMENT - BIG DEAL.

Landed in winter. Saved by Native Americans led by Squanto.

More freedom and social unity than in Virginia.

John Winthrop<JoJo Win>

English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the second major settlement in New England, following Plymouth Colony.

Elected Gov. 12 times 1631 -1648

Religious leader -

Anne Hutchinson

Gained control of his Boston church in 1636 and endeavoured to convert the whole colony to a religious position that Winthrop considered blasphemous. He was furious.

It was he who led the counterattack against her. His victory was complete. Hutchinson was tried before the general court—chiefly for “traducing the ministers”—and was sentenced to banishment.

Period 2 Reading

By September 659 - 64

By September 1364 - 100

Period 2 Vocab due 9/13

Definition, Picture?, Connection

Wood, 64 & 65

Wood 92 & 93

AND

Period 2 Day 21607 - 1754

New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies + DBQ

Practice

Period 2 Reading

By September 1364 - 100

Period 2 Vocab due 9/13

Definition, Picture?, Connection

Wood, 64 & 65

Wood 92 & 93

AND

Agenda New NewsVocab Check offLecture 2 - Puritans + New England Colonies DBQ Practice

New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies

Wood, 69-70 & 77-78

Factors, environmental and geographical variations: climate and natural resources, contributed to regional differences in the British colonies.

New England Colonies

The New England colonies, founded primarily by Puritans seeking to establish a community of like-minded religious believers, developed a close-knit, homogeneous society and — aided by favorable environmental conditions — a thriving mixed economy of agriculture and commerce.

Remember him?

Therefore lett us choose life, that wee, and our Seede,

may live; by obeyeing his voyce, and cleaveing to him,

for hee is our life, and our prosperity.

Life in Boston according to JoJo Win.

Massachusetts Puritans

1623

What did religious freedoms mean to the Puritans?

What were their incentives?

● Most important colony in the northern region with the most rules

● Colonists who settled here were willing to listen to the native peoples

● Concerned with raising healthy, Christian families more so than making profit

● Created a representative government, but you had to be a landowning Puritan male if you wanted to vote.

New Hampshire1629

As Massachusetts grew many wanted to expand.

An offshoot of colonists from the Massachusetts colony got permission from Plymouth and the crown to create a new colony in what is now New Hampshire and Maine.

New Hampshire was evidence that the New England model was expanding its reach in North America.

Religiously tolerant, and the colonists mirrored what was taking place in Massachusetts.

Their government was tied to the one in Massachusetts; they created small communities of farmer families, and relied on agriculture and timber for profit.

Connecticut1636

Ready for this? Off shoot of Massachusetts.

Excellent water supplies and fertile land for agriculture.

Founder Thomas Hooker was a Puritan minister and wanted to replicate the religious society in Massachusetts.

Those who lived in Connecticut elevated religious purity to the highest level.

The Fundamental Order (1638): Representative government that formed in Connecticut created the first constitution of sorts., this document argued that the government’s job is to protect the rights of the individual.

Thomas Hooker Leader of the Connecticut Colony.

Prominent Puritan clergyman and theologian who grew dissatisfied with the rigid practices and government of the Puritan church in Massachusetts.

Lead a group of followers to start a new colony in Hartford, Connecticut.

More inclusive:

- All landowners could vote- Limit power of government

Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

1643

The land that would come to be known as Rhode Island was originally settled by the Dutch and was part of the colony of New Netherlands.

Off shoot of Massachusetts founded by Exiled preacher Roger Williams and Baptist leader Anne Hutchinson (Remember her)

They were looking to escape religious persecution taking place in Massachusetts.

Rhode Island became a safe haven for those who were religiously persecuted: Quakers, Jews, Catholics, etc. who did not fit into the Puritan or Protestant models of living found safety here (for the most part).

Roger WilliamsPolitical and religious leader who

founded Rhode Island.

Fled from Massachusetts to avoid being sent back to England.

He felt as though the Puritan church had too much power in the government.

- Separation of church and state

- Peace and order

- Religious freedoms and tolerance

Ideas were used in which documents?

Middle Colonies The demographically, religiously, and ethnically diverse middle colonies supported a flourishing export economy based on cereal crops, while the Chesapeake colonies and North Carolina relied on the cultivation of tobacco, a labor-intensive product based on white indentured servants and African chattel.

i.

New York

New Jersey

Delaware

Southern Colonies The colonies along the southernmost Atlantic coast and the British islands in the West Indies took advantage of long growing seasons by using slave labor to develop economies based on staple crops; in some cases, enslaved Africans constituted the majority of the population.

Virginia (Often known as a Chesapeake

Colony)

Maryland (Often known as a Chesapeake

Colony)

North and South Carolina

Georgia

DBQ Tips Overview:

You will be given an essay prompt, a set of primary source documents (never more than 7), and only 60 minutes to come up with a well written, clear and coherent essay response.

Dedicate about 15 of those precious minutes to planning and the last 45 to writing.

Differences between the geographic regions?

New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina, and Georgia.

Homework BY Friday

Fill in notes on Middle and Southern colonies.

Write down ONLY info that is important.

Be ready to discuss the differences between the NE, Middle, and Southern British colonies.

http://tinyurl.com/APUSHColonyPSE

Period 2 Reading

By September 1364 - 100

Period 2 Vocab due 9/13

Definition, Picture, Connection

Wood, 64 & 65

Wood 92 & 93

AND

Middle + Southern Colonies Notes

Period 2 Day 31607 - 1754

APUSH Key Concept 2.3: Slave Trade, African Diaspora, Mercantilism, British Navigation Acts

APUSH Key Concept 2.3:The increasing political, economic, and cultural exchanges within the “Atlantic World” had a profound impact on the development of the colonial societies in N.A.

I. “Atlantic World” commercial, religious, philosophical, and political interactions among Europeans, Africans, and American native peoples stimulated economic growth, expanded social networks, and reshaped labor systems

A. The growth of an Atlantic economy throughout the 18th century created a shared labor market and a wide exchange of New World and European goods, as seen in the African slave trade and the shipment of products from the Americas.

B. The presence of slavery and the impact of colonial wars stimulated the growth of ideas on race in this Atlantic system, leading to the emergence of racial stereotyping and the development of strict racial categories among British colonists, which contrasted with Spanish and French acceptance of racial gradations.

Period 2 ReadingSeptember 13

64 - 100

Period 1-2 ExamSeptember 18th

Period 2 Vocab due 9/13

Wood, 64 & 65

Wood 92 & 93

African Diaspora Diaspora - Greek word meaning “dispersal”

The African diaspora is based upon a globalized notion of blackness - the African diaspora as

community and identity.

A label that is used to describe the dispersed people removed/exiled from a common

territorial/geographic origin.

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

● The abundance of land, a shortage of indentured servants, the lack of an effective means to enslave native peoples, and the growing European demand for colonial goods led to the emergence of the Atlantic slave trade.

Middle Passage● 11-12 million humans to Brazil,

Carribean, and the British colonies (5%)

Stono Rebellion September 9, 173920 miles from Charleston, South CarolinaLargest slave revolt in colonial America

How did Stono Rebellion affect the treatment of slaves in the colonial America?

Reaction? Slave Code of South Carolina, May 1740

Aimed to controlled the population of slaves by: prohibited slaves from gathering without white supervision, learning to read and write, and growing their own food. It also created harsher punishments for disobeying the law.

Crash Course Trans-Atlantic

Slave Trade

Key Concept 2.3 II. Britain’s desire to maintain a viable North American empire in the face of growing internal challenges and external competition inspired efforts to strengthen its imperial control, stimulating increasing resistance from colonists who had grown accustomed to a large measure of autonomy.

A. As regional distinctiveness among the British colonies diminished over time, they developed largely similar patterns of culture, laws,institutions, and governance within the context of the Britishimperial system.

B. Late 17th-century efforts to integrate Britain’s colonies into acoherent, hierarchical imperial structure and pursue mercantilisteconomic aims met with scant success due largely to variedforms of colonial resistance and conflicts with American Indiangroups, and were followed by nearly a half-century of the Britishgovernment’s relative indifference to colonial governance.

Mercantilism Economic philosophy or practice in which England established the colonies to provide raw materials to the Mother Country; the colonies received manufactured goods in return.

Wealth is power, key to wealth:Export more than import.

European countries competed for world power and needed colonies to provide necessary raw materials.

Colonies’ role: provide raw materials (so mother country does not have to import from other nations) and markets for exports

The Navigation Act

The Navigation Act of 1651: This Act began the policy of regulating trade in the colonial America by stated that British trade should be carried out in British ships.

1. The Navigation Act of 1651: This Act began the policy of regulating trade in the colonial United States by stated that British trade should be carried out in British ships.

2. The Navigation Act of 1660: This Act built on the 1651 Act, by stating that the ships that engaged in British trade – and two-thirds of the ships’ crew – had to be British.

3. The Navigation Act of 1663: This Act required that all European goods that were to be sent to any of the colonies (including the 13 original) had to go through England first, in order to make sure that all foreign imports to the colonies were paying proper taxes on those goods.

Was it reasonable for England to pass laws such as these to control Colonial trade?

Why would it be difficult for Great Britain to enforce these laws?

How do you think the colonist will react?

1. C 2. B. 3. A

Mercantilist Ideals by Thomas Mun

1. According to the excerpt, what is the intention of mercantilism and who is it meant to benefit?

2. What motivations might the English have for settling in the New World according to Mercantilist Ideas?

3. What strategies does Mercantilist ideas give for nations looking to enhance their self-sufficiency through mercantilist policies?

4. What role would the colonies have played in England’s quest for self-sufficiency through mercantilist policy?

5. What unique issues would mercantilist nations have encountered when attempting to export their goods to other mercantilist nations?

Homework by Monday:

Watch Gilder Lehrman Period 2 Study Guide Summary

Enjoy your weekend!

Period 2 Day 41607 - 1754

Bacon’s Rebellion, Enlightenment, The Great Awakening, Salem Witch Trials

Period 2 Reading

By September 1364 - 100

Period 2 Vocab due 9/13

Definition, Picture?, Connection

Wood, 64 & 65

Wood 92 & 93

Tobacco Economy and Indentured Servitude

The Chesapeake was well-suited to tobacco growing; most people quickly planted it

Tobacco planting quickly depleted the soil● This forced settlers to move inland for

more land, further encroaching on Indian land and provoking further attacks

Overproduction of tobacco led to a price depression

● 1.5 million pounds were exported in the 1630s; 40 million pounds exported by 1700

● Chesapeake farmers responded by growing even more tobacco

Tobacco Economy Indentured servants became the solution to the Chesapeake labor problem● These were white English farmers who had been

displaced by the enclosure movement

Indentured servants had difficult lives● They were basically “white slaves” who had the

hope of eventual freedom● Received harsh punishment (including

lengthened service) for misbehavior● Land grants as part of freedom dues became less

common as good land became more scarce● Even after freedom was granted, poor workers

had little choice but to rent themselves out to former masters for very low wages

Bacon’s Rebellion In 1676 1,000 Virginians, led by 29-year- old planter Nathaniel Bacon rebelled

● Most rebels were frontiersman forced into backcountry searching for farmable land

● They rebels resented Governor Berkeley’s relations with the Indians

● The governor monopolized the fur trade with the Indians in the Chesapeake

● He also refused to retaliate for Indian attacks on frontier settlements

Bacon’s Rebellion ● Rebels attacked the Indians, whether they were friendly or not to whites, as revenge for their

attacks● Governor Berkeley driven from

Jamestown and they then burned the city

● Rebels then went on a rampage of plundering

● During the rebellion, Bacon suddenly died of disease

● After they lost their leader, Berkeley was able to brutally crush the rebellion and hanged 20 rebels

Effects of Bacon’s Rebellion

Bacon’s rebellion exposed resentment between inland frontiersman and landless former servants against gentry on coastal plantations● The rebellion was suppressed, but

resentment remained● Upper class planters searched for

laborers less likely to rebel

This led to large-scale African slavery

Colonial Slavery ● By the mid 1680s, black slaves outnumbered white servants

● In 1698 the Royal African Company lost its charter (granted in 1672) for a monopoly on slave transport to Americas

● Americans (especially Rhode Islanders) moved in to transport slaves to America

● By the mid 1700s, slaves came to outnumber whites in some Southern colonies

Africans in Colonial America

Black slavery in the deep South was the harshest● Worked on rice and indigo

plantations● Climate was extremely unhealthy● Labor was difficult and lonely

(because plantations were so spread out)

● Mostly male laborers (meaning no family life for most)

● Slave population only increased with fresh imports, not natural procreation

The First Great Awakening

In late 17th Century England, fighting between religious and political groups came to a halt with the Glorious Revolution of 1688, an event which established the Church of England as the reigning church of the country.

Other religions, such as Catholicism, Judaism, and Puritanism, were subsequently suppressed.

Did the Great Awakening contribute to the colonists’ desire to declare their independence from England?

Effects of the First Great Awakening

Politically: this led to stability since everyone now practiced the same religion.

Instead of being a positive driving force for religious belief in general, it created complacency and spiritual “dryness” among believers.

Religion became something of a pastime in which people would “go through the motions” during religious services without deeply-felt convictions of the heart and soul.

Effects of the First Awakening

Significance: Prepared the colonies for its war of Independence.

In the decades before the war, revivalism taught people that they could be bold when confronting religious authority, and that when churches weren’t living up to the believers’ expectations, the people could break off and form new ones.

Through the Awakening, the Colonists realized that religious power resided in their own hands, rather than in the hands of the Church of England, or any other religious authority.

Jonathan Edwards Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. A Sermon Preached at Enfield, July 8th, 1741.

Theorist

First to step up during TGA

George Whitefield

Anglican priest and powerful orator with charismatic appeal. At the age of 25, he created a sensation in England by preaching outdoors and going over the heads of other priests to reach their congregations. In 1740, he brought that same defiance of authority to America, along with a savvy sense of the media.

Newspaper ads announced his sermons; messengers rode ahead to spread the news of his coming appearances.

Whitefield was a staunch Calvinist. His central theme -- what must I do to be saved? -- was not new. His preaching style was.

Ignited the Great Awakening

At its core, the Awakening changed the way that people experienced God. Instead of receiving religious instruction from their ministers, ordinary men and women unleashed their emotions to make an immediate, intense and personal connection with the divine.

From New England to Georgia, the revival was marked by a broad populist tone -- small farmers, traders, artisans, servants and laborers

Salem Witch TrialThe Salem Witch trials began in 1692 in Massachusetts● Some young girls claimed to be

possessed by some older women who they claimed were witches

● In the ensuing “witch hunt”, 20 people were killed, 19 by hanging; 1 by pressing; 2 dogs were also hanged

● Witch hunts were then common in Europe

● Several outbreaks had occurred before in the colonies, and were often directed against property-owning women

Salem Witch Trials Causes

The causes of the Salem trial were different● Not only from the superstitions of the

time● Also reflected the widening social

stratification of New England and the fear that Puritanism was being corrupted by commercialism

● Most of the accused witches came from families associated with Salem’s growing market economy, closer to coast

● The accusers came mostly from subsistence farming families in the interior of Salem

Ending of SWT By 1693, the witchcraft hysteria had ended in Salem● The Massachusetts governor acted

(alarmed by accusation against his wife) with responsible members of the clergy

● He prohibited further trials and pardoned convicted witches

20 years later, the Massachusetts legislature annulled the convictions of accused witches and paid reparations to their heirs

1. Read the Question

What the question is asking you.

Figuring out what the prompt is asking you is critical.

No matter how good of a writer you are, or how much history you may know, if you don’t answer the question, you are sunk.

A neat tip might be to write out in your own words what the question is asking.

Read the Question Continued

Be on the lookout for which skills they are trying to test you on.

Every DBQ is looking to test your skills of historical argumentation, use of historical evidence, contextualization, and synthesis.

In addition to these critical skills, a DBQ will be looking to analyze one of a number of certain skills. These include: causation, change/continuity over time, comparison, interpretation, or periodization.

2. Dig Into Sources

Underline or highlight things that stand out, and make notes out to the side.

Write a quick sentence or two that summarizes the main idea of each document. (15-minute planning)

Look for main ideas and details that really stand out.

To take this one step further, you can organize the documents into groups based on their main point.

3. Make an Outline

Thesis + think about how you want to use your primary source documents to support that thesis.

Think about what kinds of outside information you might want to bring in to further support your argument, and where it will fit into your essay as a whole.

Be sure that you include documents where they fit in the response. This will make it much easier to incorporate them into your answer.

4. Start Writing

Most of your highly intensive, critical thinking type stuff should already have happened and now it is just all about putting those thoughts into words.

If you played your cards right and made good use of the first 15 minutes, this part of the process should be pretty straightforward.

Start with a brief introduction that gives a little context to the subject matter and shows that you know some of the details surrounding the subject matter. Introduce your thesis,then a few of your main ideas that support your thesis.

5. Conclusion

Don’t draw it out and don’t introduce new ideas in the conclusion.

Make it short and to the point. Summarize what your main thesis and arguments were and leave it at that.

Don’t try to be too clever or witty or trite and you actually don’t have to use the term “In conclusion” every time you write a conclusion.

Enlightenment HW Class webpage

Period 2 Day 51607 - 1754

Enlightenment, Native Tensions, King Phillip’s War, Rise of colonies against the crown, Exam Review

Agenda New NewsVocab checkQuizFinal Period 2 LectureVocab game (if time allows)

Quiz Time!

Key Concept 2. 3 Several factors promoted Anglicization in the British colonies: 1) The growth of autonomous political communities based on English models2) The development of commercial ties and legal structures, the emergence of trans-atlantic print culture 3) Protestant evangelism, religious toleration, and the spread of European Enlightenment ideas

Native Tensions After the Pequot War, a war between New England settlers and Indians in 1636-1637, New England was free of major Indian wars for about forty years.

During this period, the region's Native American population declined rapidly and suffered severe losses of land and cultural independence.

Between 1600-1675, New England's Native American population fell from 140,000 to 10,000, while the English population grew to 50,000.

New England Puritans launched a campaign to convert the Indians to Protestantism.

One leading missionary convinced about 2000 Indians to live in "praying towns," where they were expected to adopt white customs.

King Phillip’s War 1675 - 1676: Chief of the Pokanokets, Metacomet (English called King Philip)

- Forged a military alliance including about two- thirds of the region's Indians.

- He led an attack on Swansea, Massachusetts. Over the next year, both sides raided villages

- Twelve out of ninety New England towns were destroyed.

Aftermath of King Phillip’s War

Relative to the size of the population, King Philip's War was the most destructive conflict in American history.

5% of New England's population was killed

Indian casualties were far higher; perhaps 40% of New England's Indian population was killed or fled the region.

When the war was over, the power of New England's Indians was broken. The region's remaining Indians would live in small, scattered communities.

Enlightenment Ideals and Ideas

● A movement in the 1700’s that rejected traditional ways of life and looked for a more rational and scientific way to explain the world we live in

It was an emphasis on the sciences and reason to explain things

- Generally we are good and it our environment that influences us

- The use of science and reason could answer life’s mysteries

- Science and reason could also answer man’s questions concerning government and himself

John LockeTwo Treatises of Government

○ Natural rights – “life, liberty, and property.”

○ “Consent of the governed” – government rules with people’s (governed) permission; people can overthrow governments if necessary

○ Influenced the Declaration of Independence

Baron de Montesquieu

The Spirit of Laws○ Advocated checks and

balances and separation of powers

○ Dividing power among branches would help prevent government abuse

○ Influenced our current government system established under the Constitution

Enlightenment’s Impact on Colonies

Great surge of literacy in the colonies

Newspapers and book publications increase

Deism, God is the great clock maker

People are born with natural rights

Government has an obligation to protect those natural rights

Kings have no right to govern people, people empower government

Rise of Colonies How did the Enlightenment impact colonial politics and society?