Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander...
-
Upload
blaise-ray -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander...
![Page 1: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Part 1: The Great DepressionPart 2: FDR and the New Deal
Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon
Lander University
![Page 2: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Stock Market Crash
1920s background: Production Tariffs Credit Farmers
![Page 3: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Stock Market Crash
ProsperityThe inflated market
Buying on margin Speculation Holding companies Overvalued companies
Utilities, railroads, radioRCA: $11 1911, $450
1928
![Page 4: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Stock Market Crash
The bubble bursts Oct. 24, 1929 -
“Black Thursday” Oct. 29 - “Black
Tuesday”
![Page 5: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Causes of the Crash
Speeding the sell-off: Margin buying Investigations Poor banking
structure Panic
![Page 6: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1932, The Worst Year
Farmer’s Holiday Association Milo Reno*
![Page 9: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
1932, The Worst YearThe Bonus Army*, 1932
Bonuses for WWI veterans - 1924 Adj. Compensation Act Anacostia Flats Douglas Macarthur
![Page 10: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1932, The Worst Year
1932, the worst year GNP = 1/2 Businesses went under Banks closed down 1/3 population unemployed Homelessness NYC - 95 starvations 1931
![Page 11: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Living in the Depression
Effects of the Depression Unemployment Partial employment Gradual effects Hoboeism Health issues
![Page 12: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Living in the Depression
Society during the Depression The farm belt
Dust Bowl
Psychological impact Coping with the
Depression “We lived lean.” Maintain normality Neighborhood associations
![Page 13: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Living in the Depression
Society during the Depression Families Everyone worked Divorces Birth rate declines
![Page 14: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Living in the Depression
Aid Federal? Employers Banks Churches Bread lines
![Page 15: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Hoover and the Depression
Herbert Hoover* Background Voluntarism “trickle-down” 1932, Reconstruction
Finance Corporation Public Works Bill Tariffs Tax increase
FDR elected
![Page 16: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Roosevelt*, the ManCrippledElected 4 timesEleanor*, the First Lady
![Page 17: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Roosevelt Biography
Born 1882 Hyde ParkFather & motherEarly political career:
1910 NY State Senate 1913 Asst. Secty. Of Navy 1921-24 Polio 1928 Gov. of NY
Practice for New Deal
![Page 18: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The First New Deal
Relief and Recovery (1933-34)The 100 Days
Emergency Banking Relief Act Glass-Steagall Banking Act Securities Act
![Page 19: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The First New Deal
Civilian Conservation Corps* (CCC)
Young men on federal work projects
$30/month500,000 jobs
![Page 20: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The First New DealFederal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)
Emergency Relief Administration, Harry Hopkins
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)“Parity”Subsidies, crop reduction1935 unconstitutional
U.S. v. Butler
![Page 21: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The First New Deal
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
![Page 22: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The First New Deal
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
Business/government cooperationLabor, form unionsHugh Johnson1935 “Sick chicken” case
![Page 23: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The First New Deal Assessed1934, New Deal successes:
Unemployment down Wages up Banks, stocks stable
Limitations: Unemployment Racism, sexism
![Page 24: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Voices of Protest
From the Right: Herbert Hoover
Big governmentCurtail freedoms
American Liberty LeagueNew Deal anti-businessPresident too powerfulTaxes
Newspapers
![Page 25: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Voices of Protest
From the Left: Upton Sinclair
Run for gov. of CA 1934EPICCooperativesCampaign undermined
![Page 26: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Voices of Protest
From the Left: Huey Long
Gov., senator from LAPublic works“Share Our Wealth”
Free educationFoodMin. and max. salariesOld age pensionsVeterans’ benefits
Assass. By Dr. Carl Weiss
![Page 27: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Voices of ProtestFrom the Left:
Father Charles CoughlinCatholicDetroitRadioPolitical views
Dr. Francis TownsendOld age pensions
![Page 28: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Second New Deal
Conditions: Popular support Pressure from the left Agencies in place Frustration with the courts Deficit spending
![Page 29: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
1935 Emergency Relief Appropriations Act
Works Progress Administration Harry Hopkins $1.5 billion
Resettlement Administration Rexford Tugwell “Greenbelt” towns
Federal Theater Project etc.
![Page 30: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Wagner Act
Robert Wagner Unions Strikes Yellow-dog contracts Agricultural workers
![Page 31: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Social Security Act
Frances Perkins Payroll tax Old age pensions Unemployment compensation Aid to dependent children Limitations
![Page 32: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Fair Labor Standards Act
June 1938 Child labor Minimum wage Limit work hours
![Page 33: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Election of 1936
Popularity “Roosevelt coalition” Alfred Landon, KA Pop. Vote:
28 mil - 17 mil
Elec. Vote:523 - 8
![Page 34: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Court Packing Schecter v. USU.S. v. Butler The Plan
Judges over 70 Allies:
Court too powerfulEase case load
Opponents:FDR too powerfulNo warning
Defeated FDR wins the war
![Page 35: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Other problems
Labor clashes Memorial Day Massacre
The South 1938 elections
The “Roosevelt Recession”
![Page 36: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The Roosevelt RecessionThe recessionCauses:
WPA cuts Social Security tax Labor tensions Less $$ circulating
Response $5 bil - “prime the pump” Work relief Tax cuts
![Page 37: Part 1: The Great Depression Part 2: FDR and the New Deal Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e605503460f94b5a379/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The End of the New Deal
Republican rebound Shortcomings:
Blacks and womenEconomyLabor
Successes:New Deal coalitionWelfare stateUnited the nation