Papernol
description
Transcript of Papernol
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Papernol Technical, Economic and Environmental aspects of converting waste paper into Ethanol
February 26, 2008
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Outline Ethanol facts Ethanol sources Comparison to Papernol Papernol process
Hydrolysis Fermentation Purification
Full scale outlook
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Fossil Fuel Burden
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Fossil Fuel BurdenU.S. Average Annual Gasoline Price 1973-2007
$0.00
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
$3.00
Year
$/g
allo
n
Source: US DOE, Energy Information Admin.
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U.S.NigeriaLibyaRussiaVenezuelaU.A.E.KuwaitIraqIranCanadaSaudi Arabia
2%2%
3%5%
6%8%8%
9%10%
14%21%
Rate of Use
FranceS. KoreaBrazilCanadaIndiaRussiaGermanyChina
U.S.Japan
Mexico
0% 10% 15% 20%5% 25%
Oil Reserves
Updated July 2005. Source: International Energy Annual 2003 (EIA), Tables 1.2 and 8.1-O&GJ. Canada’s reserves include tar sands.
The United States uses more oil than the next five highest-consuming nations combined.3%
3%3%3%3%3%3%
7%
25%7%
3%
U.S. Dependence on Foreign OilU.S. Dependence on Foreign Oil
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Fossil Fuel
Comes From Politically Unstable Parts of the World
Weakening Pressure on the Dollar High CO2 Emissions Fixed Availability
50 -100 years of supply left
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Acres to Replace Gasoline
Farmland Available vs. Farmland Required
310 330
580
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1
Mill
ion
Acre
s
Irrigable Land
Switchgrass
Corn grain
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U.S. Ethanol ProductionU.S. Ethanol ProductionRFA, 4/3/07
Currently: 6.5 bgy capacity at 124 biorefineries (purple dots)
Near Future: Additional 6.4 bgy capacity at 76 biorefineries under construction and 7 under expansion (yellow)
TOTAL: More than 12.8 bgy capacity
Source: Renewable Fuels Association, 8/1/07
FAR
FARTHER
VERY FAR
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U.S. Ethanol ProductionU.S. Ethanol ProductionRFA, 4/3/07
Currently: 6.5 bgy capacity at 124 biorefineries (purple dots)
Near Future: Additional 6.4 bgy capacity at 76 biorefineries under construction and 7 under expansion (yellow)
TOTAL: More than 12.8 bgy capacity
Source: Renewable Fuels Association, 8/1/07
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Increase in the Price of Corn
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Bio-Fuel Draw Backs:Dead Zone in Gulf of Mexico
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Starving the Poor
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/
id/22902512/
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They Have What We Don’t
Paper Corn SwitchgrassLand x x
Fertilizer x xTilling x x
Harvesting x xTransportation x xEnergy Input x x xProcessing x x x
Requirements for Each Source of Ethanol
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Papernol over Ethanol/ Gas
No Transportation or Farm land Lower Energy cost Lower Dollar Cost
Takes Advantage of Waste Local: No Foreign Out Sourcing Improves Local Economy Fills in Gaps in Bio-Ethanol Map
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Papernol
Preparation andHydrolysis
Fermentation Purification
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Three Steps to Papernol
Acid Hydrolysis Dilute acid to generate glucose from
cellulose Fermentation
Converting Glucose into Ethanol Distillation
Separating Ethanol from water
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Stages of Project DevelopmentLabConcept ProofMedium
Small DemonstrationPilot
Integrated Processing
Orange GroveFull Unit
Lab Scale – Proof of ConceptCurrently in process at UTCAvailable budget: $500Restricted Testing
Medium Scale: 2008-2009Small DemonstrationBudget needed: $150,000Tested using UTC ENGR labs
Pilot Scale: 2009-2010
Integrated ProcessingUtilize TVA/UTC Chickamauga siteEstimated budget needed: $1,000,000
Orange Grove: 2010-2011
Full Unit – Skid MountedModularEstimated budget needed: $3,000,000
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Parallel Development
Analysis of Development of: Process Equipment Materials Economics
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Energy Equivalent Prices of Gas
Equivalent $/gallon gas (1.6:1)
$1.59$2.05
$4.70
$2.60
$3.35
$7.69
$0.00
$1.00
$2.00
$3.00
$4.00
$5.00
$6.00
$7.00
$8.00
$9.00
Corn EtOH (nosub)
Switchgrass Corn EtOH
Fuels
Dollar CostEtOH $/gallon
Gas $/gallon
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Visioning the Energy FutureVisioning the Energy Future
25x’25 By 2025, America’s farms, ranches and forests will
provide 25% of the total energy consumed in the U.S.while continuing to produce safe, abundant and affordable food, feed and fiber
20 in 10 Goal in President’s 2007 State of the Union Address to replace
20% of our transportation fuels with renewable sources by 2017
30 by ’30 DOE’s 2002 “Vision”: goal of replacing 30% of our energy use
with renewable sources in 30 years 36 bgy RFS by 2022
New legislation proposed to increase the RFS from 7.5 bgy in 2012 to 36 bgy in 10 more years, 21 bgy from advanced ethanol sources
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Economic Outlook
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Economic Outlook
$0.00
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
$3.00
$/gall
on
Source: US DOE, Energy Information Admin.
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10 Year Price History of Ethanol
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Thank You For Having us !
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