PancreasPancreaslec .7 16 lec .7 16 March 14 March 14

Physiological anatomy &functionsPhysiological anatomy &functions

Head located within curvature of Head located within curvature of duodenumduodenum

Body and tail extends to the spleenBody and tail extends to the spleen..functionsfunctions

11..endocrine portion-endocrine portion--- islets of islets of LangerhansLangerhans Insulinby B CELLSInsulinby B CELLS and and glucagon---glucagon--- --blood--blood

22..Exocrine portion of pancreas Exocrine portion of pancreas pancreatic pancreatic juicejuice------

. .

Exocrine function of Exocrine function of pancreaspancreas

Functional AnatomyFunctional Anatomy

.Digestive enzymes by the pancreatic .Digestive enzymes by the pancreatic acinar acinar cellscells bicarbonate by bicarbonate by duct cells-------pancreatic duct cells-------pancreatic

duct-- duct-- ..--------join common bile ductjoin common bile duct (from liver (from liver and gallbladder)and gallbladder)------sphincter of Oddi sphincter of Oddi ------duodenum.duodenum.

Composition of Composition of Pancreatic juicePancreatic juice

11..pancreatic digestive enzymespancreatic digestive enzymes

22 . .anions (HCO3anions (HCO3--)) Cations Cations ( (NaNa++, K, K++ , Ca , Ca++ , ) , )

33 . .Large amounts of waterLarge amounts of water

..

The two important components of pancreatic juice, are The two important components of pancreatic juice, are bicarbonate ions and waterbicarbonate ions and water

functions of pH 8 : functions of pH 8 : aa. which provides a favorable conditions for digestive . which provides a favorable conditions for digestive

enzymes enzymes b.helps to neutralize the acidic chyme as it arrives from b.helps to neutralize the acidic chyme as it arrives from

the stomach the stomach .. C.C.intestine blocks the action of intestine blocks the action of pepsin pepsin which might which might

damage the duodenal wall. damage the duodenal wall.

Digestive EnzymesDigestive Enzymes

1Carbohydrates--1Carbohydrates-- pancreatic amylase pancreatic amylase

2.fat enzymes 2.fat enzymes --- --- pancreatic lipasepancreatic lipase cholesterlesterasecholesterlesterase;;phospholipasphospholipasee

3.Proteolytic enzymes--trypsin , 3.Proteolytic enzymes--trypsin , chymotrypsin , carboxypolypeptidasechymotrypsin , carboxypolypeptidase

Trypsin inhibitors-Trypsin inhibitors--- Prevents digestion of -- Prevents digestion of the Pancreas Itselfthe Pancreas Itself

Regulation of Pancreatic Secretion Regulation of Pancreatic Secretion

1.hormonal1.hormonal 2.Neural---ACH2.Neural---ACH

Hormonal---mostlyHormonal---mostlyCCK----CCK----..Secretin-Secretin-------. .

Neural control Neural control Acetylcholine----Acetylcholine----

Phases of Pancreatic Phases of Pancreatic SecretionSecretion

1.1. cephalic phase -cephalic phase -----ACH—enzymatic ----ACH—enzymatic stimulationstimulation

2. Gastric phase -- 2. Gastric phase -- Distension of Distension of stomach-----ACHstomach-----ACH

3.Intestinal phase:acid --3.Intestinal phase:acid --secretin—high secretin—high HCO3+waterHCO3+water