OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE XXIV

ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY

Editorial Board:

NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo

IRUN R. COHEN, The Weivnann Institute of Science

DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, Wistar Institute

ABEL LAJTHA, N. S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research

RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan

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OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE XXIV

Edited by

J effrey F. Dunn Harold M. Swartz Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, New Hampshire

Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue. Meeting (27th: 1999: Hanover, N.H.) Oxygen transport to tissue XXlV/edited by Jeffrey F. Dunn and Harold M. Swartz.

p. ; cm. - (Advances in experimental medicine and biology; v. 530) "Presentations made at the 27th Annual Meeting of the International Society on Oxygen

Transport to Tissue (lSOIT) .... held in Hanover, NH, USA, at Dartmouth Medical School"-Pref. Inc1udes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4613-4912-9 ISBN 978-1-4615-0075-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-0075-9

1. Oxygen-Physiological transport-Congresses. 2. Tissue respiration-Congresses. 1. Title: Oxygen transport to tissue 24. II. Title: Oxygen transport to tissue twenty-four. III. Dunn, Jeffrey F. (Jeffrey Frank). 1956- IV. Swartz, Harold M. V. Title. VI. Series.

[DNLM: 1. Oxygen Consumption-physiology-Congresses. 2. Biological Transport-physiology-Congresses. 3. Oxygen-metabolism-Congresses. WF 110 1610 2004] QP99.3.0915 1999 572'.47-dc21

2003050632

This is a proceedings of the 27th annual meeting of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOIT), held at Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, from August 28-September 2, 1999.

© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York in 2003

http://www.wkap.nV

ill 9 8 7 6 5 432 1

A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

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INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY ON OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE

1999

Officers President (1999) Past President (1998) President-Elect (2000) Secretary Treasurer Chairman of the

Knisely Award Committee

Executive Committee

David Benaron, USA Duane Bruley, USA Andras Eke, Hungary Simon Faithfull, USA David Harrison, UK Louis Hoofd, The Netherlands

Scientific Program Committee

International Britton Chance, USA David Delpy, UK David Harrison, UK P. W. Hochachka, Canada Antal Hudetz, USA Paul Okunieff, USA Peter Vaupel, Germany

Harold M. Swartz, USA Andras Eke, Hungary Berend Oeseburg, The Netherlands David F. Wilson, USA Peter E. Kiepert, USA

Duane F. Bruley, USA

Peter Kiepert, USA Josef Moravec, France Paul Okunieff, USA Berend Oeseburg, The Netherlands Oliver Thews, UK David Wilson, USA

Local Ted Abraham Donald Bartlett JeffF. Dunn Richard W. Dow Michael Gazzaniga David Glass Marsh Tenney Bernard Trumpower Keith Paulsen Peter Spiegel Harold M. Swartz

v

TECHNICAL EDITOR Laraine Visser-Isles, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Holland

VOLUME ADMINISTRATORS Elena Jmourova, Dartmouth College Virginia S. ("Dinny") Carreiro, Dartmouth College

SPONSORS The organizers of ISOTT99 are particularly grateful for the sponsorship of the following organizations:

AlIos Therapeutics Alliance Pharmaceutical Corporation Baxter Healthcare Corporation Biopure Corporation Bruker Instruments, Inc. Johnson & Johnson Oxford Optronix Reming Bioinstruments Co. Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Medical School Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Medical School

VB

PREFACE

This volume contains refereed manuscripts prepared from presentations made at the 2ih annual meeting of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT). The meeting was held in Hanover, NH, USA, at Dartmouth Medical School, the 3rd oldest medical school in the USA. ISOTT attempts to produce high quality pUblications on cutting edge topics relating to oxygen in living systerns. The goal is to allow contributors to contribute original data, as with a main-stream journal article, but also to voice individual opinions and ideas in a more relaxed scientific forum.

The meeting brought together an international group of scientists who share a common interest in the measurement and role of oxygen in living systems. The organizers of ISOTT99 made a special effort to bring together people from industry, medicine, and basic sciences in order to improve the links in the chain of discovery through to application. As a result, this volume contains publications on a range of subjects. There are contributions from companies on modifiers of oxygen carrying capacity (allosteric modifiers of hemoglobin and infusible oxygen carriers or blood substitutes); technical reports on oxygen measurement devices including advances in near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging, oxygen electrodes, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, and fluorescence based measurements. There are medically related sections on modifying and measuring tumor oxygenation in order to improve therapy, assessment and interpretation of oxygenation in the central nervous system, and general issues relating oxygen to pathological conditions. There are special sections dealing with the issue of critical p02 in tissues, oxygen related gene activation, and protein C engineering.

We trust that you will find the volume as exciting and interesting as we have done in the preparation of this volume.

Jeffrey F. Dunn Harold M. Swartz

IX

CONTENTS

METHODS FOR ASSESSING OXYGEN IN TISSUES

1. MEASUREMENTS OF OXYGEN IN TISSUES: OVERVIEW AND PERSPECTIVES ON METHODS

Harold M. Swartz and Jeff F. Dunn

2. QUANTITATIVE BRAIN TISSUE OXIMETRY, PHASE SPECTROSCOPY AND IMAGING THE RANGE OF HOMEOSTASIS IN PIGLET BRAIN 13

Britton Chance, Hon Van Ma, and Shoko Nioka

3. TUMOR OXIMETRY: COMPARISON OF 19F MAGNETIC RESONANCE ECHO PLANAR IMAGING AND ELECTRODES 19

Ralph P. Mason, Sandeep Hunjan, Anca Constantinescu, Yulin Song, Dawen Zhao, Eric W. Hahn, Peter P. Antich, and Peter Peschke

4. MAPPING CEREBRAL GLUTAMATE l3C TURNOVER AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION BY IN VIVO NMR 29

Fahmeed Hyder, Peter Brown, Terennce W. Nixon, and Kevin L. Behar

5. MONTE·CARLO SIMULATION OF LIGHT TRANSPORT FOR NIRS MEASUREMENTS IN TUMORS OF ELLIPTIC

GEOMETRY 41 Mojca Pavlin, Tomaz larm, and Damijian Miklavcic

6. ARTERIAL PULSA TlONS ARE PRESENT IN ONE THIRD OF THE HUMAN CRANIAL VASCULAR VOLUME PENETRA TED BY NEAR·INFRARED LIGHT 51

Robert Stingele, Emanuela Keller, Benedicht P. Wagner, Thorsten Steiner, Karoline Stingele, and Werner Hacke

Xl

Xll CONTENTS

7. ABSOLUTE FREQUENCY ·DOMAIN PULSE OXIMETRY OF THE BRAIN: METHODOLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS 61

Martin Wolf, Maria A. Franceschini, Lelia A. Paunescu, Vlad Toronov, Antonios Michalos, Ursula Wolf, Enrico Gratton, and Sergio Fantini

8. THE INFLUENCE OF A CLEAR LAYER ON NEAR·INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY: COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENTS IN A LIQUID NEONATAL HEAD PHANTOM TO INFANTS IN VIVO

Martin Wolf, Matthias Keel, Vera Dietz, Kurt von Siebenthal, Jan Teller, Hans-Ulrich Bucher, and Oskar Baenziger

9. STRA TEGIES FOR ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION OF NEAR

75

INFRARED TOMOGRAPHIC TISSUE IMAGING 85 Troy O. McBride, Brian W. Pogue, UlfL. Osterberg, and Keith D. Paulsen

10. BRAIN TISSUE AND SAGITTAL SINUS p02MEASUREMENTS USING THE LIFETIMES OF OXYGEN·QUENCHED LUMINESCENCE OF A RUTHENIUM COMPOUND 101

Casmiar 1. Nwaigwe, Marcie A. Roche, Oleg Grinberg, and JeffF. Dunn

11. PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE PHOTON PATH IN BREAST TISSUE MODEL BY NIR-TRS

Arisha L. Honar, Cory Ricks, and Kyung A. Kang

12. EPR SPECTROSCOPY AND IMAGING OF OXYGEN: APPLICA TIONS TO THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Jay L. Zweier, Guanglong He, Alexandre Samouilov, and Periannan Kuppusamy

PROTEIN C ENGINEERING ISSUES

13. EFFECTS OF BLOCKING BUFFERS AND PLASMA FACTORS ON

113

123

THE PROTEIN C BIOSENSOR PERFORMANCE i 33 Heath I. Balcer, James o. Spiker, and Kyung A. Kang

14. PROTEIN C SEPARATION FROM HUMAN BLOOD PLASMA DERIVATIVES USING LOW COST CHROMATOGRAPHY 143

Huiping Wu and Duane F. Bruley

CONTENTS

OXYGEN IN TUMORS

15. GLUTATHIONE DEPLETION OR RADIATION TREA TMENT ALTERS RESPIRATION AND INDUCES APOPTOSIS IN R3230AC MAMMARY CARCINOMA

John E. Biaglow, Intae Lee, Jerry Donahue, Kathy Held, John Mieyal, Mark Dewhirst, and Steve Tuttle

16. OXYGENATION AND VASCULAR PERFUSION IN SPONTANEOUS AND TRANSPLANTED TUMOR MODELS

Bruce M. Fenton and Scott F. Paoni

17. EFFECT OF MILD HYPERGLYCEMIA ± META·IODO· BENZYLGUANIDINE ON THE RADIATION RESPONSE OF R3230 AC TUMORS

Intae Lee, Jerry D. Glickson, Mark W. Dewhirst, Dennis B. Leeper, Randy Burd, Harish Poptani, Lydie Nadal, W. Gillies McKenna, and John E. Biaglow

18. EFFECT OF ONCONASE ± TAMOXIFEN ON ASPC·l HUMAN PANCREATIC TUMORS IN NUDE MICE

Intae Lee, Young H. Lee, Stanislaw M. Mikulski, and Kuslima Shogen

19 OXYGENATION IN A HUMAN TUMOR XENOGRAFT: MANIPULATION THROUGH RESPIRATORY

xiii

153

165

177

187

CHALLENGE AND ANTIBODY·DIRECTED INFARCTION 197 Ralph P. Mason, Anca Constantinescu, Sophia Ran, and Philip E. Thorpe

20. TUMOR pOl ASSESSMENTS IN HUMAN XENOGRAFT TUMORS MEASURED BY EPR OXIMETRY: LOCATION OF PARAMAGNETIC MATERIALS 205

Julia A. O'Hara, Rosalyn D. Blumenthal, Oleg Y. Grinberg, Stalina Grinberg, Carmen Wilmot, David M. Goldenberg, and Harold M. Swartz

21. HEMOGLOBIN IMAGING WITH HYBRID MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND NEAR·INFRARED DIFFUSE TOMOGRAPHY

Brian W. Pogue,Haoqin Zhu, Casmair Nwaigwe, Troy O. McBride, U1f L. Osterberg, Keith D. Paulsen, and Jeffrey F. Dunn

22. TUMOR OXYGEN DYNAMICS: COMPARISON OF 19F MR EPI AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN NIR SPECTROSCOPY

Yulin Song, Kate L. Worden, Xin Jiang, Dawen Zhao, Anca Constantinescu, Hanli Liu, and Ralph P. Mason

215

225

Xl V CONTENTS

23. MICROCIRCULATORY FUNCTION, TISSUE OXYGENATION, MICROREGIONAL REDOX STATUS AND ATP DISTRIBUTION IN TUMORS UPON LOCALIZED INFRARED-A-HYPERTHERMIA AT 42°C 237

Oliver Thews, Yanping Li, Debra K. Kelleher, Britton Chance, and Peter Vaupel

ENHANCING OXYGENATION

24. ALLOSTERIC MODIFICATION OF HEMOGLOBIN BY RSRl3 AS A THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY 249

Robert P. Steffen, Jean-Francois Liard, Michael J. Gerber, and Stephen J. Hoffman

25. THE PHARMACOLOGY OF TISSUE OXYGENATION BY BIOPURE'S HEMOGLOBIN-BASED OXYGEN CARRIER, HEMOPURE® (HBOC-201) 261

L. Bruce Pearce and Maria S. Gawryl

26. THE CONCEPT OF HEMOGLOBIN EQUIVALENCY OF PERFLUOROCHEMICAL EMULSIONS 271

N. Simon Faithfull

27. THE DOSE-DEPENDENT EFFECT OF RSRI3, A SYNTHETIC ALLOSTERIC MODIFIER OF HEMOGLOBIN, ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND BRAIN TISSUE OXYGENATION IN RATS

Oleg Y. Grinberg, Minoru Miyake, Huagang Hou, Robert P. Steffen, and Harold M. Swartz

28. COMPUTER MODELING OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRITICAL PV02, V02MAX AND BLOOD SUPPLY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE AT WORKING WITH A RIGHT-

287

SHIFTED BLOOD O2 DISSOCIA TION CURVE 297 Katherine G. Lyabakh and Irinia N. Mankovskaya

29. SMALL-VOLUME RESUSCITATION WITH THE HEMOGLOBIN SUBSTITUTE HBOC·20t: EFFECT ON BRAIN TISSUE OXYGENATION 311

Geoffrey T. Manley, 1. Claude Hemphill, Diane Morabito, Vanessa Erickson, John J. Holcroft, Nakita Derugin, and M. Margaret Knudson

CONTENTS XV

30. EFFECT OF RSR13, A SYNTHETIC ALLOSTERIC MODIFIER OF HEMOGLOBIN, ON BRAIN TISSUE pOl (MEASURED BY EPR OXIMETRY) FOLLOWING SEVERE HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN RATS 319

Minoru Miyake, Oleg Y. Grinberg, Huagang Hou, Robert P. Steffen, Hisham Elkadi, and Harold M. Swartz

31. EXPRESSION OF MYOGLOBIN IN THE TRANSGENIC MOUSE BRAIN

Ross D. Shonat and Alan P. Koretsky

CNS OXYGENATION

32. THE CEREBRAL MICROCIRCULATION IN ISCHEMIA AND HYPOXEMIA

Antal G. Hudetz

33. INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE IN REGULA TING BLOOD FLOW AND OXYGEN DELIVERY FROM IN VIVO ELECTROCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS

331

347

IN EYE AND BRAIN 359 Donald G. Buerk, Dmitriy N. Atochin, and Charles E. Riva

34. NIRS MONITORING OF PILOTS SUBJECTED TO +Gz ACCELERA TION AND G·INDUCED LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (G·LOC)

Paul B. Benni, John K-J. Li, Bo Chen, Joseph Cammarota, and David W. Amory

35. CORRELATION OF NIRS DETERMINED CEREBRAL OXYGENA TION WITH SEVERITY OF PILOT +Gz ACCELERA TION SYMPTOMS

Paul B. Benni, John K-J. Li, Bo Chen, Joseph Cammarota, and David W. Amory

36. ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION FOLLOWING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS AND CIRCULATORY ARREST

Tatiana Zaitseva, Gregory Schears, Jin Shen, Jennifer Creed, David F. Wilson, and Anna Pastuszko

371

381

391

xvi

37. DOMINANT EVENTS THAT MODULATE MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT OF OXYGEN IN CERERAL CORTEX

Fahmeed Hyder, Ikuhiro Kida, Kevin L. Behar, Richard P. Kennan, and Douglas L. Rothman

38. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REDOX BEHAVIOR OF BRAIN CYTOCHROME OXIDASE AND NEUROLOGICAL PROGNOSIS

Yasuyuki Kakihana, Tomotsu Kuniyoshi, Sumikazu Isowaki, Kazumi Tobo, Etsuro Nagata, Naoko Okayama, Kouichirou Kitahara, Takahiro Moriyama, Takeshi Omae, Masayuki Kawakami, Yuichi Kanmura, and Mamoru Tamura

39. ARE YEP CORRELATED FAST OPTICAL SIGNALS DETECTABLE IN THE HUMAN ADULT BY NON­INVASIVE NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (NIRS)?

Frank Syre, Hellmuth Obrig, Jens Steinbrink, Matthias Kohl, RUdiger Wenzel, and Arno Villringer

APPLICATION OF BOLD IMAGING

40. USING HIGH SPECTRAL AND SPATIAL RESOLUTION BOLD MRI TO CHOOSE THE OPTIMAL OXYGENATING TREATMENT FOR INDIVIDUAL CANCER PATIENTS

Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Marta A. Zamora, Brian L. Fish, Howard 1. Halpern, John E. Moulder, and Gregory S. Karczmar

41. ISSUES IN GRE & SE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING TO PROBE TUMOR OXYGENATION

Franklyn A. Howe, Simon P. Robinson, Loreta M. Rodrigues, Marion Stubbs, and John R. Griffiths

42. FMRI FOR MONITORING DYNAMIC CHANGES IN TISSUE OXYGENA TIONIBLOOD FLOW: POTENTIAL APPLICA TIONS FOR TUMOR RESPONSE TO CARBOGEN TREATMENT

Jianhui Zhong, W .C.Edmund Kwok, and Paul Okunieff

43. COMPARISON STUDY OF OXYGEN-INDUCED MRI-SIGNAL CHANGES AND pOz CHANGES IN MURINE TUMORS

Lothar Weissfloch, Michael Peller, Juergen Weber, Hans-Juergen Feldmann, Reingart Senekowitsch-Schmidtke, Karlheinz Tempel, Jeffrey A. Coderre, Michael Molls, and Michael Reiser

CONTENTS

401

413

421

433

441

449

461

CONTENTS xvii

MUSCLE OXYGENATION AND METABOLISM

44. VENOUS·ARTERIOLAR REFLEX IN HUMAN GASTROCNEMIUS STUDIED BY NIRS 467

Tiziano Binzoni, Loan Ngo, Massimo Girardis, Roger Springett, Fran~ois Terrier, and David Delpy

45. MUSCLE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AT ONSET OF EXERCISE BY NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY IN HUMANS

Takafumi Hamaoka, Toshihito Katsumura, Norio Murase, Takayuki Sato, Hiroyuki Higuchi, Motohide Murakami, Kazuki Esake, Ryotaro Kime, Toshiyuki Homma, Akiko Sugeta, Yuko Kurosawa, Teruichi Shimomitsu, and Britton Chance

46. MODELING OF OXYGEN DIFFUSION FROM THE BLOOD VESSELS TO INTRACELLULAR ORGANELLES

Aleksander S. Popel, Daniel Goldman, and Arjun Vadapalli

47. MUSCLE REOXYGENATION RATE AFTER ISOMETRIC EXERCISE AT VARIOUS INTENSITIES IN RELATION TO MUSCLE OXIDATIVE CAPACITY

Ryotaro Kime, Toshihito Katsumura, Takafumi Hamaoka, Takuya Osada, Takayuki Sako, Motohide Murakami, Sang Yong Bae, Koji Toshinai, Shukoh Haga, and Teruichi Shimomitsu

48. OXYGEN DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT AND OXYGEN PERMEABILITY OF METMYOGLOBIN SOLUTIONS DETERMINED IN A DIFFUSION CHAMBER USING A NON·STEADY STATE METHOD

Iolanda P.W.M. Lamers-Lemmers, Louis I.C. Hoofd, and Berend Oeseburg

49. PINACIDIL·INDUCED OPENING, LIKE GLIBENCLAMIDE· INDUCED CLOSURE OF CARDIAC KATP CHANNELS, PROTECTS CARDIAC FUNCTION AGAINST ISCHEMIA IN ISOLATED, WORKING, ERYTHROCYTE

475

485

497

509

PERFUSED RAT HEARTS 519 Roger I. Legtenberg, Ralph I.F. Houston, Paul Smits, and Berend Oeseburg

50. EFFECT OF IRRADIATION ON ENZYMES OF THE CAPILLARY BED IN RAT VENTRICLES 527

Ming Gao, Hiroki Shirato, Kazuo Miyasaka, and Tomiyasu Koyama

xviii CONTENTS

CRITICAL pOl

51. THE REDOX STATE OF CYTOCHROME OXYDASE IN BRAIN IN VIVO: AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 535

Jospeh C. LaMalina

52. A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF OXYGEN AS A METABOLIC REGULATOR

Krishnan Radhakrishnan, Joseph C. LaManna, and Marco E. Cabrera

53. THE OXYGEN DEPENDENCY OF CEREBRAL OXIDATIVE METABOLISM IN THE NEWBORN PIGLET STUDIED WITH 31p NMRS AND NIRS

Roger 1. Springett, Marzena Wylezinska, Ernest B. Cady, Veronica Hollis, Mark Cope, and David T. Delpy

54. EFFECT OF MYOGLOBIN INACTIVATION ON INTRACELLULAR GRADIENTS OF NADH FLUORESCENCE AT CRITICAL MITOCHONDRIAL OXYGEN SUPPLY

Eiji Takahashi, Hiroshi Endoh, Mizue Ishikawa, Machiko Kishi,and Katsuhiko Doi

55. EFFECTS OF ANESTHESIA ON CEREBRAL TISSUE OXYGEN TENSION: USE OF EPR OXIMETRY TO MAKE REPEA TED MEASUREMENTS

Harold M. Swartz, Satoshi Taie, Minoru Miyake, Oleg Y. Grinberg, Huagang Hou, Hisham EI-Kadi, and JeffF. Dunn

OXYGEN RELATED GENE ACTIVATION

56. CAPILLARIZA TION AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR EXPRESSION IN HYPERTROPHYING ANTERIOR LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE OF THE

547

555

565

569

JAPANESE QUAIL 577 Hans Degens, Rebecca K. Anderson, and Stephen E. Always

57. EXPRESSION OF PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN IN RAT HEARTS SUBJECTED TO TRANSIENT ISCHEMIA FOLLOWED BY REPERFUSION 587

Tomiyasu Koyama, Zhonglin Xie, Jun'ichi Suzuki, and Kazuhiro Abe

CONTENTS xix

58. FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS (FGFS) INCREASE BREAST TUMOR GROWTH RATE, METASTASES, BLOOD FLOW, AND OXYGENATION WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT CHANGE IN VASCULAR DENSITY 593

Paul Okunieff, Bruce M. Fenton, Lurong Zhang, Francis G. Kern, Timothy Wu, 1. Robert Greg, and Ivan Ding

59. MECHANISMS OF FGFl AND VEGF MEDIATED ANGIOGENESIS KHT TUMOR BEARING MICE 603

Ivan Ding, Weimin Liu, Jianzhong Sun, Scott F. Paoni, Eric Hernady, Bruce M. Fenton, and Paul Okun;eff

60. HIF·la AND VEGF EXPRESSION AFTER TRANSIENT GLOBAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA 611

Paolo Pichiule, Faton Agani, Juan C. Chavez, Kui Xu,. and Joseph C. LaManna

61. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GENE EXPRESSION OF C·FOS AND DEGREE OF HYPOXIA IN RAT BRAIN, AS REVEALED BY NEAR·INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY 619

Yasutomo Nomura, Masataka Kinjo, and Mamoru Tamura

OXYGEN METABOLISM AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

62. BLOOD VOLUME CHANGES ARE CONTROLLED CENTRALLY, NOT LOCALLY· A NEAR·INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF ONE·LEGGED AEROBIC EXERCISE 627

Chris E. Cooper and Caroline Angus

63. A MODELING INVESTIGATION TO THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF MYOGLOBIN IN HUMAN MUSCLE IN NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (NIRS) MEASUREMENTS 637

Louis Hoofd, Willy Colier, and Berend Oeseburg

64. TISSUE HYPOXIA DURING BACTERIAL SEPSIS IS ATTENUATED BY PR·39, AN ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDE 645

Philip E. James, Melani Madhani. Chris Ross. Linda Klei, Aaron Barchowsky. and Harold M.Swartz

xx CONTENTS

65. EFFECTS OF THE CONTRAST MEDIUM IOPROMIDE ON RENAL HEMODYNAMiCS AND OXYGEN TENSION IN THE DIABETIC RAT KIDNEY 653

Fredrick Palm, Per-Ola Carlsson, Angelica Fasching, Olof Hellberg, Anders Nygren, Peter Hansell, and Per Liss

66. POSTOCCLUSIVE REACTIVE HYPEREMIA IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS AND PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE MEASURED BY THREE NONINVASIVE METHODS

Tomai Jarm, Rudi Kragelj, Aadam Liebert, Piotr Lukasiewitz, Tatjana Erjavec, Marketa Pr~eren-Strukel, Roman Maniewski, Pavle Poredo§, and Damijan Miklav~i~

67. ROLE OF MYOGLOBIN IN REGULATING RESPIRATION Thomas Jue and Youngran Chung

68. OXIDATIVE DEFENSES IN THE SEA BASS, DICENTRARCHUS LABRAX

Giulia Guerriero, A1essandra Di Finizio, and Gaetano Ciarcia

69. RHEOLOGIC DISSIMILARITIES IN FEMALE AND MALE BLOOD: POTENTIAL LINK TO DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Marina V. Kameneva, Mary 1. Watach, and Harvey S. Borovetz

70. PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF THE APPLICATION OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS

Lino K. Korah, Frederick D. Scott, G. Melville Williams, and Kyung A. Kang

71. CEREBROVASCULAR RESPONSE TO ACUTE METABOLIC ACIDOSIS IN HUMANS

Marjo 1.T. Van de Ven, Willy N.J.M. Colier, Bregina T.P. Kersten, Berend Oeseburg, and Hans Foigering

72. FREE FLAP MONITORING IN PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY

John A. Pickett, Maureen S. Thorniley, Nigel Carver, and Deric P. Jones

661

671

681

689

697

707

717

CONTENTS

73. INHIBITION OF MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION DURING EARLY STAGE SEPSIS

Nathan A. Davies, Chris E. Cooper, Ray StidwiIJ, and Mervyn Singer

AUTHOR INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX

x..xi

725

737

741