THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

OVERVIEW- How many muscles are in the human body?

- There are 640 muscles in the human body.

- What is a muscle?

- A tissue that is made of cells or fibers that contracts and expands.

http://www.innerbody.com/image_musc10/musc36.html

TYPES OF MUSCLES

• - There are 3 types of muscles.

• - Smooth Muscles:

• - Makes up your internal organs (stomach & Intestines)

• - Cardiac Muscles:

• - Muscles found in the heart.

• - Skeletal Muscles:

• - Muscle that is attached to the bone by tendons.

•

SMOOTH MUSCLESSmooth Muscle Makes up many of your body internal organs such as:

Walls of the stomach, Intestines, Walls of blood vessels, Iris of the eye, Veins, Bladder,

Small arteries, Gastrointestinal tract, Respiratory tract, and more…

CARDIAC MUSCLE• - Tissue that makes up a layer of the heart and works to control the pumping.

Cardiac muscle cells

SKELETAL MUSCLEUpper Body Skeletal Muscles (Front):

- Deltoid – (3 parts), Front, side, & rear of

shoulder.

- Pectorals – Cover the front/ top of the rib

cage.

- Bicep – (2 parts) working together as a

single muscle on the front of the upper arm.

- Abdominals –provide postural support &

protect internal organs.

- Obliques – Covers the side of our ribcage.

SKELETAL MUSCLE• Upper Body Skeletal Muscles (Back):

• - Trapezius – Triangular muscles that lay

over the back of the neck and shoulders.

• - Rhomboids – Found on the upper torso of

the back.

• - Triceps – Muscle on the back of the arm

that runs from the shoulder to the elbow.

• - Latissimus – Thin triangular muscles under

arm pits along side of back.

SKELETAL MUSCLE• Lower Body Skeletal Muscles:

• - Gluteals – Connected to the tails bone. One of the strongest

muscles in the human body.

• - Hamstring – (3 muscles) Found on the back of the upper leg.

• - Calf (Gastrocnemius)– Runs from the Achilles tending

attaching through two heads at the femur.

• - Quadriceps – A large 4 headed muscle on the front of the

thigh.

MUSCLES CAUSE MOVEMENT- Muscles work together:

- - Movement of a body part is the result of muscles pulling on the bones that

form a joint.

- - Muscles have two states: They can either contract or Lengthen

Contraction: Causes Flexion

- When the muscle contracts the ends are pulled toward the

center (it gets shorter).

- This can only result in pulling a bone; not pushing.

FLEXION AND EXTENSION• - Flexion - A physical position that decreases the angle between the bones of the limb at

a joint. It occurs when muscles contract and bones move the joint into a bent position.

• - Extension - movement of a joint that increases the angle

• between two bones or body surfaces at a joint. Extension

• usually results in straightening of the bones or body surfaces

• involved.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9VPVg7WY9Y

FLEXIONAND

EXTENSION

APPLY MUSCLE MOVEMENTS PROJECT• - Write about a sport movement you have preformed. Write out a list of the steps involved with

the movement and break down all the flexion and extension that is going on in the order it is

happening (as you see it).

• - What muscles are involved and important to be strong for this motion. How do they help you

preform this motion.

• - Print out a copy of this for the teacher and bring with you to the following class.

• - Extra Credit: Include a video. Must be preform the movement that aligns with your paper The

same movement should be filmed from the front, side and back.

• - Include at top of page: Name, Grade, Period, & Day 1 or 2.

WHAT MUSCLE? (GROUP TRIVIA)- Powerful extensors of the knee joint. They are crucial in walking, running, jumping and squatting

- Quadriceps

- Helps control the motion of two different joints, the shoulder and the elbow.

- Bicep

- Moves the scapulae and support the arm.

- Trapezius

- Extensor muscle of the elbow joint and also fixate the elbow joint when the forearm and hand are used for fine movements, e.g., when writing.

- Triceps

WHAT MUSCLE?- Extend the hip when the trunk is fixed; they also flex the knee and medially (inwardly) rotate the lower leg when the knee is bent.

- Hamstring

- Flexes and extends the foot, ankle, and knee. Important when standing and walking.

- Calf (Gastrocnemius)

- Help to control the movement of the arms while also assisting in deep breathing.

- Pectoral Muscle

- Moves and stabilizes the shoulder joint

- Deltoid

- Responsible for movement of the hip, thigh, and leg.

- Gluteal

CONNECTIVE TISSUE• Ligaments

• - Tissue that connects two bones. Helps control and maintain the movement of our

joints.

• http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-ligaments-definition-types-quiz.html

Tendons

- Connects muscle to bone.

- Tendons help to hold our bodies together and deliver the strength we work so

hard to improve. Big strong muscles and weak tendons are like cereal with no milk !

MUSCLE SYSTEM QUIZ• Identify each area of muscle.

LIGAMENTS OF THE KNEE

• - What it s Ligament?

• - Connects bone to bone.

LIGAMENTS OF THE KNEE• - Why is the knee and thigh area so susceptible to injury?

• - Because of the size, impotence, and amount of use we get out of the muscles

around the knee.

• - Everything is coming together in one place around our largest muscles and bones

making it the site for many injuries.

COMMON PROBLEMS

- Muscle Cramp – Sudden and unusual painful contraction of the muscle,

usually happening at night or after the exercise. (Dehydration)

- Strain – Overstretching and possible tearing of the muscle due to overuse or

misuse.

- Tendinitis – Inflammation of a muscle cause by aging or excessive oversize.

- Shin Splints – pain in the shin caused by damage or irritation to the muscles

on the front of the lower leg.

COMMON PROBLEMS• - Muscular Dystrophy– Genetic diseases that lead to muscle weakness and in some

cases destruction of skeletal muscle tissue

• - Inguinal Hernia– Condition which the intestine bulges through the abdominal muscle;

often caused by improper lifting of heavy objects.

COMMON PROBLEMS: SPORTS• - ACL Strain or Tear – Usually happens when a person or athlete is trying to

decelerate, like stopping on the dime or cut in another direction, but can also

be caused by hyper extension or pivoting in place.

• - Hamstring & Quadriceps pulls, strains, or tears, & Tennis elbow

• - Usually happens due to the overuse of a muscle or when muscles are not

prepared for the sport you are participating in. The stronger you are, and

more prepared you are for physical activity, the less likely you are to sustain

an injury.

STRAIN VS. SPRAIN• Strain is the stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon.

Tendon – Attaches muscle to bone

• Sprain is the stretching or tearing of a ligament.

Ligament – Connects tow bones or cartilages, or holds together a joint.

• http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sprains-and-strains/basics/definition/con-20020958

SPRAINS

• First degree (mildest) –

• Little tearing, pain or swelling; joint stability is good.

• Second degree –

• Broadest range of damage, with moderate instability and moderate to severe pain

and swelling.

• Third degree (most severe) –

• Ligament is completely ruptured; joint is unstable; severe pain and swelling; other

tissues are often damaged.

PROJECT 2 - CREATE A STUDY GAME

-Using the information covered in the in our muscular or injury unit create a interactive

game to be played by the class.

- - On the top of the first slide or page of instructions include:

- Name & Class (Period, grade, and Day 1 or 2)

- You must use animation and sound effects. The format of the game is up to you.

- You may come up with your own game or use a template from the following web link.

• http://powerpointgames.wikispaces.com/PowerPoint+Game+Templates

- Google: PowerPoint Game Templates

INJURY PREVENTION• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYZ2vcmJUTU

• 4 Steps to a good Warm up.

• - General Warm-up – Should consist of light physical activity. Elevating heart and

respirator rate and increasing blood flow.

• - Static Stretching – Now that the muscles are warm it is safe to stretch the major

groups increasing our bodies flexibility.

• - Sport Specific Warm-up – Sport specific warm- up. Can involve more vagarious

activity but should focus on the essential demands of the athletes sport.

• - Dynamic Stretching – Can cause injury is used incorrectly. Here there should be a

soft balance or swinging motion of the muscles.

CONNECTIVE TISSUE, INJURY, & INJURY PREVENTION STUDY GAME

CONNECTIVE TISSUE, INJURY, & INJURY PREVENTION QUIZ.