OptoElectronic.doc

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Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology Islamabad – Pakistan Electrical Engineering

SEVENTH SEMESTER ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

OPTO-ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Prepared By

Khuram KhanB.Sc Electrical, FUUAST-Islamabad

Checed By

En!r" #u$a%r Kha&%dBSc" C'mpu(er En!!" COMSATS a((d"

COMM)NICATION LABDEPARTMENT O* ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

*edera& )rdu )n%+er,%(y ' Ar(,. Sc%ence / Techn'&'!yG-7/1 Islamabad- Pakistan

!"to#Electronic $evices Pre"ared %y& 'huram 'han

(


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www.!!astisb.ed!."k


)

http://www.fuuastisb.edu.pk/http://www.fuuastisb.edu.pk/


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Name: ____________________________________________

Registration No: ____________________________________

Roll No: ___________________________________________

Semester: _________________________________________

Batch: ____________________________________________


*


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EXPERIMENT NO. 1

INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES

AIM OF EXPRIMENT

The main "ur"ose of this lab is the introduction of different o"toelectronic devices, these are those devices +hich +ill

come across +hile "erforming e"eriments in the lab-

1. LED

-

2. PHOTO TRANSISTOR

-

3. FIBER OPTICS

-

4. FUNCTION GENERATOR


.


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-

/- OSCILLOSCOPE

-

6. OMEGA TYPE FO-003

-


/


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EXPERIMENT NO. 2

INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES TRAINER

FO-003


0


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1


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EXPERIMENT NO. 3

FIBRE OPTIC TRANSMITTER THROUGH DIGITAL CIRCUIT

THEORY

As you learned in your main course, all fiber o"tic systems have three ma2or elements&

3 Transmitter

3 4eceiver

3 !"tical fiber

Fi!"# 1 de"icts these ma2or elements- The transmitter and receiver contain smaller elements or building

blocks, some of +hich you should recogni5e from "revious activities- So far +ith the instructions in this manual +e

have made a light guide, characteri5ed and terminated o"tical fibers, and evaluated 6E$s and detectors- In this

activity +e shall investigate one of the last t+o elements in a fiber o"tic system the driver for the light source-

1473.eps

Figure1 Basic elements in fiber optic links.

As you have studied, there are t+o commonly used light sources in fiber o"tics, 6E$s and laser diodes- The

drivers covered in this activity are for visible and infrared 6E$s- 7e +ill not discuss drivers for laser diodes because

they are outside the sco"e of this manual- They can be very so"histicated, com"le, and cost thousands of dollars-

There are also o"tical safety considerations +hen using laser diodes- In more advanced fiber o"tics classes, or in your

2ob, you +ill find the information you learned here about driving 6E$ is a good "rimer for laser diode driver design-

M$%#"i$&' R#(!i"#)

4ed 6E$ 8IF#E90#blue housing#"ink dot:);*9


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PROCEDURE

(- ?alculate the resistor value, 4c, needed to "ermit a current of )< mA through the 6E$ in Fi!"# 3 +hen the

transistor is saturated- Assume the @ce8sat: volts-

)- ?alculate the maimum value of the base resistor, 4b,needed to drive the transistor into saturation if @i +asconnected to B / volts- Assume @be-1 volts and hfe8min: /


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RESULTS

Table 1 Measured data taken from thecircuit shown in Figure 8.3.

Measurement DataVce (LD on!

Vf (LD!

Vce (LD o"!

A,$&'i' /!#'%i+,'

Is the measured voltage across the collector of 2N3904 transistor in Figure 3 for the LED "on" and "off" compare to

what ou e!pected #h or wh not

#ith the LED "on" in Figure 3 calculate the "on" current using the measured data in this activit for $ce %sat& and

$f'


(


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EXPERIMENT NO. 4

ANALOG SIGNAL THROUGH THE OPTICAL FIBER

A$"$%!'

(- Function Cenerator )- !scillosco"e

*- !"tical Fiber Trainer !=ECA TDPE F!#- 4e"eat the above ste"s by the a""lying the analog in"ut signal through function generator of .@"eak#to#

"eak +ith the freuency of )'5-

(igure' )ine #ave

R#'!&%'


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AVE FORMS

I;PUT 7A@E F!4=

!UTPUT 7A@EF!4=

I;PUT 7A@E F!4=

!UTPUT 7A@EF!4=


()


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EXPERIMENT NO.

OPTICAL FIBER RECEIVER CIRCUIT

E(!i5#,% R#(!i"#)

(- Photo Transistor

)- 4esistors

*- 6E$

.- Po+er Su""ly

/- =ultimeter

0- Solder less %read board

1- ?onnecting +ires

P"+#)!"#

(- ?onnect the circuit as sho+n in the diagram given belo+

)- A""ly B/@ "otential to the collector and emitter should be grounded

*- There should be no in"ut at the base- $o remember that base should al+ays be ke"t o"en-

.- =easure the current "ro"erly at the emitter-

/- 7hen +e a""ly the light at the base of transistor the current flo+s through the emitter resulting in

glo+ing the 6E$-

0- =easure the voltage across the 4esistor +hen the light is a""lied to the "hoto transistor and +hen it is

ke"t !FF-

1- =easure the current across the 4esistor +hen the light is a""lied to the "hoto transistor and +hen it is

ke"t !FF-

(igure * +ptical (i,er -eceiver .ircuit


(*


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R#'!&%'

Li% ON

Li% OFF

V IC IE VRC


(.


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EXPERIMENT NO. 6

DIGITAL SIGNAL THROUGH THE OPTICAL FIBER

A$"$%!'

/- Function Cenerator-0- !scillosco"e-

1- !"tical Fiber Trainer !=ECA TDPE F!#


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AVE FORMS

I;PUT 7A@E F!4=

!UTPUT 7A@EF!4=

I;PUT 7A@E F!4=

!UTPUT 7A@EF!4=


(0


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EXPERIMENT NO. 7

TO DETERMINE THE NUMERICAL APERTURE OF OPTICAL SIGNAL


(1


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(>


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EXPERIMENT NO. 8

STUDY THE OPTICAL 9E-O: CHARACTERISTOCS OF FIBER OPTIC 660,5

CONVERTER


(9


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)


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EXPERIMENT NO. ;

STUDY OF OPTICAL TO ELECTRICAL 9O-E: CHARACTERISTICS OF FIBER OPTIC

PHOTOTRANSISTOR CONVERTER


)(


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))


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EXPERIMENT NO. 10

AMPLITUDE MODULATED SIGNAL THROUGH THE OPTICAL FIBER

A$"$%!'

9- ?ommunication system trainer '6#(


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AVE FORMS

I;PUT 7A@E F!4=

!UTPUT 7A@EF!4=

I;PUT 7A@E F!4=

!UTPUT 7A@EF!4=


).


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EXPERIMENT NO. 11

FRE/UENCY MODULATED SIGNAL THROUGH THE OPTICAL FIBER

A$"$%!'

(*- ?ommunication system trainer '6#(- Ad2ust the gain of the system- Its gain should be (-

)9- Take the !ut"ut and measure the loss in am"litude of the signal

*


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AVE FORMS

I;PUT 7A@E F!4=

!UTPUT 7A@EF!4=

I;PUT 7A@E F!4=

!UTPUT 7A@EF!4=


)0


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EXPERIMENT NO. 12

PHASE MODULATED SIGNAL THROUGH THE OPTICAL FIBER

A$"$%!'

(1- ?ommunication system trainer '6#(- ;ote the in"ut and out"ut measured values in the table sho+n belo+*9- $ra+ the in"ut and out"ut +aveforms of the signals

.


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AVE FORMS

I;PUT 7A@E F!4=

!UTPUT 7A@EF!4=

I;PUT 7A@E F!4=

!UTPUT 7A@EF!4=


)>


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EXPERIMENT NO. 13

LOSSES IN OPTICAL FIBER AT 660NM AND 80NM


)9


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EXPERIMENT NO. 14

MA=ING A LIGHT GUIDE CIRCUIT

T#+"

In this activity you +ill construct a sim"le light guide using +ater and a length of vinyl tubing- The +ater andvinyl tubing +ill act as the core, +hile air +ill act as the cladding or boundary layer- The e"eriment +ill demonstrate

ho+ effective even a sim"le light guide is for cou"ling energy from a light source to a detector- Dou +ill also observe

ho+ the light guide can carry light Haround a corner +ith relatively little loss com"ared to +hen light travels in a

straight line-

Figure 1 %ross section of an optical fiber with a light ray

tra!eling down the core.

M$%#"i$&' R#(!i"#)

R#) LED P$#" %+


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Figure 1 %ross section of an optical fiber with a light ray

tra!eling down the core.

1- 6ight should be visible from the red 6E$ at this "oint- If not, check the electrical

connections to the 6E$-

>- The multimeter should indicate current flo+ through the "hototransistor- If not, check the electrical

connections and correct "olarity for the "hototransistor-

To obtain best results in this activity, you may need to dim the room lights or cover the light guide +ith a

dark cloth or bo- This +ill minimi5e the chance of ambient light being ca"tured by the "hototransistor, and

Im"rove the accuracy of your measurements-

9- In T$* 1 record the current measured by the multimeter 86E$ !;:-

(- Turn off the "o+er su""ly and return all items to their "ro"er storage containers and locations-


*)


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RESULTS

Table 1 m#irical data for 1$ cm (%&inch! light guidewith air core.

LDs LD 'FF LD '

)ed

Table * m#irical data for 1$ cm light guide withwater core.

LDs LD 'FF LD '

)ed

Table 3 m#irical data for light guide with +,&degreebend.

LDs LD 'FF LD '

)ed

A,$&'i' /!#'%i+,'

#hat is the amount of light in milliwatts %m#& that falls on the phototransistor when using the red LED with the light

guide and water core assuming the responsivit of the phototransistor to ,e 0 milliamperes 5 milliwatts %m/5m#&6

#hat is it with no water in the core

Does the light guide send more or less light onto the phototransistor with water in the core #h

Did the 907degree ,end significantl change the amount of light hitting the phototransistor #h or #h not


**


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EXPERIMENT NO. 1

TRIANGULAR AVE THROUGH THE OPTICAL FIBER

A$"$%!'

)(- ?ommunication system trainer '6#(- 4e"eat the above ste"s by the a""lying the Triangular in"ut signal through communication system trainer

at other carrier am"litudes-

(igure' 8riangular #ave

R#'!&%'


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AVE FORMS

I;PUT 7A@E F!4=

!UTPUT 7A@EF!4=

I;PUT 7A@E F!4=

!UTPUT 7A@EF!4=


*/


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EXPERIMENT NO. 16

DESIGN AND STUDY OF A LINEAR FIBER OPTIC INTENSITY MODULATIO SYSTEM

FOR ANALOGUE TRANSMISSION.


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