Optical fiber manuals

8/18/2019 Optical fiber manuals

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Fiber Optics Technology


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Introduction to Optical Fibers.Fibers of glass

Usually 120 micrometers indiameter

Used to carry signals in the form of

light over distances up to 50 km.No repeaters needed.


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Introduction (Cont…)Core – thin glass center of theber !here light travels.

Cladding – outer optical materialsurrounding the core

Bufer Coating – plasticcoating that protects

the ber.


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Evolution of Fiber 1""0 – #le$ander %raham &ell1'(0 – )atents on tubing

1'50 – )atent for t!o*layer glass !ave*guide

1'+0 – ,aser rst used as light source

1'+5 – -igh loss of light discovered

1'0s – /ening of manufacturing process

1'"0s – F technology becomes backboneof long distance telephone net!orks in N#.


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Advantages of Optical Fibre hinner

,ess $pensive-igher 3arrying 3apacity

,ess 4ignal egradation6 igital4ignals

,ight 4ignals

Non*Flammable

,ight 7eight


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Areas of Application

elecommunications

,ocal #rea Net!orks3able 8

338

ptical Fiber 4ensors


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Type of Fibers ptical bers come in t!o types9

Single-mode bers – used to transmit one

signal per ber :used in telephone and cable 8;. hey have small cores:' microns in diameter;and transmit infra*red light from laser.

Multi-mode bers – used to transmit many

signals per ber :used in computer net!orks;. hey have larger cores:+2.5 microns in diameter;and transmit infra*red light from ,.


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o! "oes Optical FibreTrans#it $ight%% otal


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Total Internal &eflection in Fiber


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o! are Optical Fibre's #ade%% hree 4teps are aking a )reform %lass 3ylinder*ra!ing the Fibre?s from thepreform

*esting the Fibre


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Testing of Optical Fiber ensile 4trength

/efractive


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Optical Fiber $aying >echanical ,inking


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Optical Fiber $aying (Cont…)&lo!ing

Used in laying optical cables in road!ays.

3ables can be blo!n in a tube highdensity )oly thylene

ptical ber is then blo!n in the tube

using an air compressor !hich can propelit up to 2 kilometers a!ay.


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Tools of Trade3leaning =uid and rags&uBer tube cutter

/eagent*grade isopropyl alcohol

3anned air

ape :masking or scotch;

3oating strip

>icroscope or cleaver checker

4plicer

3onnector supplies


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Fiber Optics Test it Featureseter and >ini, or laser source

F test lite soft!are for data logging

ests all net!orks and cable plants

Ne! versions of %igabit thernet

,o! 3ost

#pplications

>easure optical po!er or loss

rouble shooting net!orks


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rotecting Fibers ougher than copper !iresesigned in three concentric layers

3ore – 3ladding – &uBer

!o basic buBer types

A ight buBerA ,oose tubes


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I#ple#entation of "ifferent $A*s


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IEEE +,-. (Cont…)

10FA4tar topology !ith hub in the center

A)assive hub9

– 4hort cables– No cascading

– /eliable

A#ctive hum9

– 4ynchronous– >ay be cascaded

– o not count as one repeater

– #ny 10F active hub must have at

least t!o F


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To/en &ing

#dvantages,ong range


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To/en &ing (Cont…)

isadvantages

/elatively e$pensive cable cost and installation cost

/eDuires specialist kno!ledge and test eDuipment

No


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Fiber "istributed "ata Interface

4tations are connected in a dual ring

ransmission rate is 100 mbps

otal ring length up to 100s of kms.


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ConclusionThis concludes our study of Fiber Optics. We have

looked at how they work and how they are made. We have

examined the properties of fibers, and how fibers are

joined together. lthough this presentation does notcover all the aspects of optical fiber work it will have

e!uipped you knowledge and skills essential to the fiber

optic industry.

Optical fiber manuals

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