Nutraceuticals 1 Edit

8/12/2019 Nutraceuticals 1 Edit

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NUTRACEUTICALSAjeng DiantiniWiwiek Indiarti

Keri Lestari

Moelyadi GT


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INTRODUCTION

Over the last 20 years the number of nutraceuticals

available for self medication in pharmacies or for sale in

supermarkets and healthfood shops has grown

enormously

Patient rush to self medicate, in the hope that these

products will be effective in treating diseases

unsatisfactorily treated with pharmaceuticals, or that the

adverse effect of pharmaceuticals may be avoided


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DEFINITION

Dr. Stephen De Felice1989: Nutraceutical comes from:

- Nutrition

- Pharmaceutical

Nutraceutical:

a food (or part of food that provides medical or healthbenefits, including the prevention and/or treatment of adisease.

Functional Foods = healthy food, dietary supplement

- Provides the body with the required amount of vitamins,fats, proteins, carbohydrates, etc, needed for its survival


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Nutraceutical : functional food aids in the prevention

and/or treatment of disease (s) and/or disorder (s)


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DIETARYSUPPLEMENT(DSHEA):

is a product (other than tobacco) that is intended tosupplement the diet that bears or contains one or more

of the following dietary ingredients : a vitamin, a mineral,an herb or ather botanical, an amio acid, a dietarysubstance for use by man to supplement the diet byincreasing the total daily intake, or a concentrate,metabolite, constituent, extract, or combinations of these

ingredients. Is intended for ingestion in pill, capsule, tablet, or liquid

form

Is not represend for use as a conventional food or as thesole item of a meal or diet

Is labelles as diateary supplement Include products such as an approved new drug,

certified antibiotic, or licensed biologic, that wasmarketed as a dietary supplement or food beforeapproval, certification, or license


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Nutraceuticals must not only supplement the dietbut should also aid in the prevention and/or

treatment disease and/or disorder

Nutraceuticals : a medicinal or nutritionalcomponent that includes a food, plant or naturally

occuring material, which may have been purified or

concentrated, and that is used for the improvement

of health, by preventing or treating a disease.


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Amerika :

1994 : UU Dietary Supplement Health and EducationAct (DSHEA) : khasiat nutraceutical harus dibuktikan sptobat

Indonesia :

nutraceutical = food supplementMasuk kategori makanan atau terdaftar sebagai ObatTradisional

SK Dirjen POM no. HK 00.063.02360 : supl makanan

adalah produk utk melengkapi makanan.Produk tsb mengandung satu atau lebih bahan nutrisitertentu, yaitu: vitamin, mineral, ekstrak herba, danasam amino utk mencapai AKG (Angka KecukupanGizi)


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Nutrition: Vitamin, mineral, amino acid

Dietary supplement : health product that contain one or

more nutriton or drug

Medicine : obtained from plant or animal tissue which

has an activity as medicine


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ILL/DISEASE?

HOMEOSTATIS HEALTHY

GANGGUAN

KESEIMBANGANDisease

Infection, allergy, and

symptom


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Pharmaceuticals

Neutraceuticals

Functional food Vitamins

Herbal remedies


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PERKEMBANGAN

Gangguan keseimbangan ---- gangguan kesehatan

Supplemen : mengatasi gangguan fungsi metabolik

Peran enzim dan ko-faktor (vitamin atau mineral)

contoh :

Vitamin C utk supplemen : 60 mg

utk menyembuhkan radang dan

meningkatkan imunitas: 1000 mg


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FOOD SUPPLEMENT

Vitamin Mineral

Enzim

Asam amino

Hormon Herba

Antioksidan

Prebiotik


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VITAMIN

Membantu metabolisme tubuh dan produksi energi

Vitamin larut lemak : ADEK

Vitamin larut air :

- vitamin B-kompleks

- asam folat

- biotin

- vitamin C


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MINERAL

Untuk proses metabolisme

22 jenis mineral

Mineral mayor : kalsium, fosfor, kalium, natrium

klorida, magnesium, dan sulfur

Mineral minor trace element):

boron, kromium.kobalt, fluorida, iodin, mangan


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ENZIM

= pemecahan dan penyerapan nutrisi dari makanan

= antioksidan

= terdiri dari protein (apoenzim) dan kofaktor

pembentuk enzim (vitamin dan mineral)

Protease

Amilase

Lipase Oxbile


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PROBIOTIK

bakteri baik yang masih hidup dan disebut sebagai flora

usus

Mengembalikan keseimbangan antara bakteri baik danbakteri patogen

Laktobacillus dan bifidobakteri

Menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri merugikan : virus,jamur (fungi), ragi dan parasit

PROBIOTIK DAN PREBIOTIK ==== meningkatkankesehatan secara SIMBIOTIK

Prebiotik : serat sbg makanan bakteri

Mengaktivasi pertahanan tubuh, membantupembuangan bakteri patogen bersama feses


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SERAT

Serat adalah substansi tak tercerna dalam tubuh Membantu proses pencernaan

Mengatasi konstipasi

Diet 100-170 gram/hari ----feses 500 gram/transit

30 jam

20 gram/hari-------feses 100 gram/48 jam


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KONSEP PENYAKIT

Penyakit didefinisikan sebagai perubahan padaindividu yang menyebabkan prameter kesehatanmereka berada di kisaran abnormal

Parameter di tetapkan berdasarkan nilai rata-rata

yang dianggap normalvariasi individuAgen infeksius bukan merupakan penyakit

perubahan tubuhlah yang aka berkembang menjadipenyakit

Pengobatan hendaknya memahami :

Variabel yang mempengaruhi perubahan proses-prosesnormal

Sifat-sifat gangguan

Akibat sekunder


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DEFINISI-DEFINISI

Stadium sub-klinis

Masa dimana fungsi pasien masih berjalan normal,

meskipun sudah terdapat proses perkembangan

penyakit

Lesi

Perubahan struktural yang dapat terlihat dalam

proses perkembangan penyakit

Penyakit herediter

Penyakit yang mengacu pada penyakit yang secaragenetis diwarisi dari salah satu orang tuanya


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FUNGSI:

Proses metabolisme Proses perbaikan sel

Mengurangi penuaan dini

Mencegah penyakit (jangka panjang)


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KAPAN DAN SEBERAPA BANYAK ?

Kenali sinyal: kulit bersisik/kering, lesu, nyeri sendi,

sariawan, gusi berdarah

----- gangguan homeostasis

Perhatikan jika sedang mengkonsumsi obat-obatan

Vit B : merangsang otot dan syaraf Ca dan Mg : menenangkan dan menstabilkan

Ca: terkandung dalam brokoli, bayam

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