New CHAPTER-6 Thermoluminescence Growth -...

171

CHAPTER-6RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS-II

THERMOLUMINESCENCE DOSIMETRIC STUDY OF MINERALS

Thermoluminescence Growth:

In the present scientific world, ionizing radiations have been found very useful in

engineering, medicine, science and technology. Professionals used them at every walk

of life. In all the applications, the exact amount of absorption of radiation energy in

the exposed material is important factor to get the desired results. The better use can

be achieved mostly by accurate determination of energy absorbed from the radiation

field and it is possible the distribution of this absorbed energy within the material.

Measurements of these quantities form the basis of radiation dosimetry and systems

used for this purpose are referred as dosimeters.

In Russia Post Chernobyl Nuclear power plant accident in 1988 lot of nuclear fuel has

become gas and exhausted into atmosphere. Due to wind directions and atmospheric

conditions the nuclear fuel particles has been transported more than 4000 to 5000 km

and deposited on mountains. These fallout radio nucleoids do emit radiations α, β, γ

and irradiate around the minerals, rocks, and sediments. March 2011 Earthquake leads

to Tsunami in Japan and lead to failure of cooling systems in Fukushima nuclear

power plant. Due to stopping of the cooling system two units of the nuclear power

plant domes blasted because of high pressure inside the reactors. Along with the blast

lot of nuclear fuel in the form of gas was mixed in the atmospheric air and all the

radio nucleoids in the air was fallen up to 30km radius from the nuclear power plant.

The present study on Thermoluminescence of natural minerals and flooring materials

will help in estimating the absorbed radiations around the nuclear power plant in case

of nuclear fallout. It is very difficult to provide the radiation survey meters in a wide

area. The present TL dosimetric study of natural minerals, sanitary ware

manufactured using natural minerals will allow us to find out the quantity of absorbed

radiation for a particular time period. Since immediately after radio-nuclear fallout it

is not possible for the Governments or Atomic energy agencies to find out the

radiation levels and absorbed doses in a vast area. However by using the floor tiles

and natural minerals available in the area affected due to radio nucleoids fallout and

subsequent thermoluminescence study of the minerals and materials can help to

estimate the absorbed radiation doses as and when the regulatory boards desires.

172

In TSL dosimetry the relationship between the TSL signal and the absorbed dose to be

measured must be determined by an appropriate calibration. Thermoluminesce

Dosimeters (TLD) has found increasing applications with the progress made in the

development of solid thermoluminescence dosimeters and instrumentation for reading

them. Many TLD based systems are now commercially available, and are widely used

in routine personal dosimetry, environmental monitoring and clinical radiation

dosimetry. The extreme sensitivity of TSL for detecting the presence of defects, as

few as 109 within a specimen is beneficial for detecting low radiation levels which are

encountered in personal and environmental monitoring.

The application potential of TL-dosimeter is very high. They have been found very

useful in many fields on account of several favorable characteristics such as high

sensitivity, small size, ability to cover wide range of exposure / dose, reusability,

insensitive to environmental conditions. In the past professionals had used the film

budge technique in real practice. Later on they found that TLD technique is better for

many reasons. And hence during last three to four decades they have developed and

established the TLD technique. This is became popular now-a-days prominent

applications of thermoluminescence dosimetry and radiation protection. The

dosimeters have been widely used for in-phantom and in-vivo dosimetry, in medical

applications. Another area, where thermoluminescence dosimeters have found use is

personal monitoring of radiation workers.

This chapter deals with the Thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry work. This chapter

is divided in to two parts (1) TL Growth (2) TL Decay. The first part deals with the

comparative TL study and discussion of glow curves of Ukraine Clay, White Soda,

Ivory Soda, Potash, Snow White, China clay, Potash White, Quartz, Preform granules,

Mixed powder, Ceramic tile powder, Amethyst and Calcite treated with annealing and

quenching from 800oC followed by applying different beta radiation doses as 5Gy,

10Gy, 25Gy, 50Gy, 100Gy, 200Gy and 300Gy using Sr90 beta source. The tables

indicating TL peak temperatures and TL peak intensities will help to compare. Second

part deals with the comparative TL study and discussion of glow curve of samples

Ivory Soda, Potash, Potash White, Quartz, Preform granules, Mixed powder, Ceramic

tile powder and Calcite treated with annealing and quenching from 800oC with fixed

dose 25Gy using Sr90 beta source. The TL of above samples are recorded at different

intervals such as immediately after irradiation and after storage of 24hrs, 48hrs,

173

100hrs,170hrs,210hrs and 280hrs. The tables indicating TL peak temperatures and TL

peak intensities will also furnished for better understanding.

The following characteristics are required for phosphors used in TL dosimeters:

1) High concentration of electron or hole traps

2) High emission efficiency of electrons or holes thermally released from the trap.

3) Large trap depth and small frequency factor.

4) Trap depth distribution to have a small energy range.

5) Thermal emission spectrum that is in a relatively short wavelength region.

6) Trap luminescence center and crystalline lattice that are not damaged

Or otherwise changed by radiation.

The dose response glow curve shape, super linearity, fading and sensitivity are some

of the properties to be examined for practical uses of the TL dosimeters.

6.1 TL Growth of Ukraine clayFig.6.1.1 is the TL growth of Ukraine clay. The mineral was annealed and quenched

from 800oC given various beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 & 300Gy using Sr-90

beta source [1-9]. Curves 1 and 2 are the TL of the 5mg weighed mineral annealed

and quenched from 800oC irradiated with beta doses of 5 and 15Gy. Not much

considerable TL was observed. However a humpy peak around 130oC was observed.

Curves 3 and 4 are the TL of the 5mg weighed mineral annealed and quenched from

800oC irradiated with beta doses of 25 and 50Gy. A broad humpy peak around 129oC

was seen. Curves 5 and 6 are the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given the

doses of 100 and 200Gy. A broad peak around 132oC was observed. Curve 7 is the TL

of the 5mg weighed mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC irradiated with beta

dose of 300Gy. A broad peak around 134oC was observed. It is interesting to note the

TL intensity increases as the dose increases. However the TL emission is observed

from 75 to 200oC. Table-6.1.1 shows the TL peak temperatures and the corresponding

TL peak intensities of Ukraine Clay for different beta doses.

Fig.6.1.2 is the TL growth of Ukraine Clay mineral annealed and quenched from

800oC.The mineral was given the following beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 and

300Gy using Sr-90 beta source. The 5 mg weighed beta irradiated powdered sample

was used for TL measurement. The TL growth curve of Ukraine clay mineral has

linear growth in the beta dose range 5Gy to 300Gy. Table 6.1.2 shows the TL peak

intensities for the corresponding beta doses of the Ukraine Clay mineral irradiated

with different beta doses.

174

Table -6.1.1: TL Growth of Ukraine Clay (AQ800oC)

S.No Time ofIrradiation

TL PeakTemperature

(oC)

TL PeakIntensity (a.u)

1 1-min 130 0.35

2 3-min 130 0.4

3 5-min 129 0.77

4 10-min 129 1.1

5 20-min 132 1.48

6 40-min 132 1.8

7 60-min 134 2.20

75 100 125 150 175 2000.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4134oC

132oC

132oC129oC

129oC

130oC130oC

7

6

5

43

21

Fig-6.1.1: TL Growth of Ukraine Clay(AQ800oC)TL

Inte

nsity

(a.u

)

TemperatureoC

1 Uc1min2 Uc3min3 Uc5min4 Uc10min5 Uc20min6 Uc40min7 Uc60min

175

Table-6.1.2: TL Growth of Ukraine Clay (AQ800oC)

S.No Time ofIrradiation Beta-dose (Gy)TL Peak

Intensity (a.u)1 1-min 5Gy 0.35

2 3-min 15Gy 0.4

3 5-min 25Gy 0.77

4 10-min 50Gy 1.1

5 20-min 100Gy 1.48

6 40-min 200Gy 1.8

7 60-min 300Gy 2.20

0 5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300Gy0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5 Fig-6.1.2: TL Growth of Ukraine Clay (AQ8000C)

TL In

tens

ity (a

.u)

Beta dose in Gy

Uclay

176

6.2 TL Growth of White soda

Fig.6.2.1 is the TL growth of White soda mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC

given various beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 & 300Gy using Sr-90 beta source[10-

15]. Curves 1 and 2 did not show any TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated White Soda

given the doses of 5 and 15Gy. Curves 3 and 4 are the TL of 5mg weighed beta

irradiated mineral given the doses of 25 and 50Gy. A peaky hump around 162 and

150oC with less intensity is observed. Curves 5, 6 and 7 are the TL of 5mg weighed

beta irradiated mineral given the doses of 100, 200 and 300Gy shows an unresolved

peak around 146oC. From the graph it is observed the TL intensity increases as beta

dose increases. However the TL emission is observed from 100 to 300oC. Table-6.2.1

shows the TL peak temperatures and the corresponding TL peak intensities of White

soda for different beta doses.

Fig.6.2.2 is the TL growth of White soda mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC.

The mineral was given the following beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300Gy

using Sr-90 beta source. The 5 mg weighed beta irradiated powdered sample was used

for TL measurement. The TL growth curve of White soda mineral has linear growth

in the beta dose range 5Gy to 300Gy. Table 6.2.2 shows the TL peak intensities for

the corresponding beta doses of the White soda mineral irradiated with different beta

doses

177

Table-6.2.1: TL Growth of White Soda (AQ800oC)


TL PeakTemperature(oC)

TL Peak Intensity(a.u)

1 1-min 185 0.18

2 3-min 178 0.55

3 5-min 162 1.0

4 10-min 150 1.36

5 20-min 146 1.75

6 40-min 146 2.15

7 60-min 146 2.45

100 150 200 250 3000.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

1

2

3

4

5

67

178oC

185oC

162oC

150oC

146oC

146oC

146oC

Fig-6.2.1: TL Growth of White Soda(AQ800oC)TL

Inte

nsity

(a.u

)

TemperatureoC

1 WS1min2 WS3min3 WS5min4 WS10min5 WS20min6 WS40min7 WS60min

178

Table-6.2.2: TL Growth of White Soda (AQ800oC)


Beta-dose (Gy) TL Peak Intensity(a.u)

1 1-min 5Gy 0.18

2 3-min 15Gy 0.55

3 5-min 25Gy 1.0

4 10-min 50Gy 1.36

5 20-min 100Gy 1.75

6 40-min 200Gy 2.15

7 60-min 300Gy 2.45

5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300Gy

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Fig-6.2.2: TL Growth of White Soda(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

Beta dose in Gy

White Soda

179

6.3 TL Growth of Ivory soda

Fig.6.3.1 is the TL growth of Ivory soda mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC

given various beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 & 300Gy using Sr-90 beta source[16-

20]. Curves1, 2, 3 and 4 are the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given the

doses of 5, 15, 25 and 50Gy. Two humpy peaks around 145 and 270oC were observed.

Curves 5, 6 and 7 are the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated Ivory soda mineral given

the doses of 100, 200 and 300Gy. It is found the two peaks around 154 and 267oC. It

is interesting to note the peaks around 267oC increases its intensity as beta dose

increases when compared to 154oC peaks. The TL emission starts from 100oC extends

up to 350oC. Table-6.3.1 shows the TL peak temperatures and the corresponding TL

peak intensities of Ivory soda for different beta doses.

Fig.6.3.2. is the TL growth of Ivory soda mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC.



for TL measurement. From the figure it is noted the growth increases up to 50Gy after

50Gy up to 300Gy it is a linear growth. Table 6.3.2 shows the TL peak intensities for

the corresponding beta doses of the Ivory soda mineral irradiated with different beta

doses.

180

Table 6.3.1: TL Growth of Ivory Soda (AQ800oC)



TL PeakIntensity

(a.u)1 1-min 145,270 1.8,1.8

2 3-min 145, 270 4.9, 5.3

3 5-min 145, 270 13.7, 14.5

4 10-min 145, 270 28.0, 35.6

5 20-min 154, 267 70, 96

6 40-min 154, 267 123.9,173

7 60-min 154, 267 180.0,250.0

100 150 200 250 300 350

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

270oC123

4

5

6

7

270oC145oC145oC

270oC145oC145oC 270

oC

154oC

267oC

154oC

267oC154oC

267oC

Fig-6.3.1: TL Growth of Ivory Soda(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 IS1min2 IS3min 3 IS5min4 IS10min5 IS20min6 IS40min7 IS60min

181

Table-6.3.2: TL Growth of Ivory Soda (AQ800oC)



1 1-min 5Gy 1.8

2 3-min 15Gy 5.3

3 5-min 25Gy 14.5

4 10-min 50Gy 35.6

5 20-min 100Gy 96

6 40-min 200Gy 173.0

7 60-min 300Gy 250.0

5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300Gy0

50

100

150

200

250

Fig-6.3.2: TL Growth of 267oC peak of Ivory Soda(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

Beta dose in Gy

Ivory soda

182

6.4 TL Growth of Potash

Fig.6.4.1 is the TL growth of Potash mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC

given various beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300Gy using Sr-90 beta

source[21-25]. Curves1, 2, 3 and 4 are the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral

given the doses of 5, 15, 25 and 50Gy. Two humpy peaks around 145 and 288oC were

observed. Curve-5 is the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given the beta

dose of 100Gy. Two humpy peaks around 152 and 278oC were seen. Curves 6 and 7

are the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given the beta doses of 200 and

300Gy. Two humpy peaks around 157 and 275oC were observed. It is interesting to

note the two peaks with nearly same intensity were observed. The TL emission starts

from 100oC extends up to 350oC. Table-6.4.1 shows the TL peak temperatures and the

corresponding TL peak intensities of Potash for different beta doses.

Fig.6.4.2 is the TL growth curve of Potash mineral annealed and quenched from

800oC. The mineral was given the following beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 and


was used for TL measurement. From the figure it is noted the growth increases up to

50Gy after 50Gy up to 300Gy it is a linear growth. Table 6.4.2 shows the TL peak

intensities for the corresponding beta doses of the Potash mineral irradiated with

different beta doses.

183

Table 6.3.1: TL Growth of Potash(AQ800oC)




1 1-min 145 1.5,1.5

2 3-min 145 4.0,3.3

3 5-min 145 13.5,11.6

4 10-min 145 24,22

5 20-min 152, 278 75,72

6 40-min 157, 275 135,135

7 60-min 157, 275 190.0,189.5

100 150 200 250 300 350

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

7

6

5

432

1 288oC145oC

288oC145oC 288

oC145oC

288oC145oC

278oC152oC

275oC157oC

275oC157oC

Fig-6.4.1: TL Growth of Potash(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 P1min2 P3min3 P5min4 P10min5 P20min6 P40min7 P60min

184

Table-6.4.2: TL Growth of Potash (AQ800oC)



1 1-min 5Gy 1.5

2 3-min 15Gy 4.0

3 5-min 25Gy 13.5

4 10-min 50Gy 24

5 20-min 100Gy 75

6 40-min 200Gy 135

7 60-min 300Gy 190

5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300Gy0

50

100

150

200

Fig-6.4.2: TL Growth of 157oC peak ofPotash(AQ800oC)TL

Inte

nsity

(a.u

)

Beta dose in Gy

Potash

185

6.5 TL Growth of Snow white

Fig.6.5.1 is the TL growth of Snow white mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC

given various beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300Gy using Sr-90 beta source

[26-29]. Curves1, 2, 3 and 4 are the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given

the doses of 5, 15, 25 and 50Gy. A humpy peak around 129oC was observed. Curve-5

is the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given the beta dose of 100Gy. A

well resolved peak around 132oC followed by a hump around 265oCwas seen. Curves-

6 and 7 are the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated Snow white mineral given the beta

doses of 200 and 300Gy. A well resolved peak around 137oC followed by a hump

around 265oCwas seen was observed. It is interesting to note the peaks increases its

intensity as beta dose increases. The TL emission starts from 60oC extends up to

300oC. Table-6.5.1 shows the TL peak temperatures and the corresponding TL peak

intensities of Snow white at different beta doses.

Fig.6.5.2 is the TL growth curve of Snow white mineral annealed and quenched from





intensities for the corresponding beta doses of the Snow white mineral irradiated with


186

Table-6.5.1: TL Growth of Snow White (AQ800oC)




1 1-min 129 0.19

2 3-min 129 0.60

3 5-min 129 1.19

4 10-min 129 2.1

5 20-min 132 3.2

6 40-min 137 5.5

7 60-min 137 8.0

100 150 200 250 3000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 23

45

6

7

129oC129oC129oC

129oC

132oC

137oC

137oC

Fig-6.5.1: TL Growth of Snow White(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 SW1min2 SW3min3 SW5min4 SW10min5 SW20min6 SW40min7 SW60min

187

Table-6.5.2: TL Growth of Snow White (AQ800oC)


Beta-dose (Gy) TL PeakIntensity (a.u)

1 1-min 5Gy 0.19

2 3-min 15Gy 0.60

3 5-min 25Gy 1.19

4 10-min 50Gy 2.1

5 20-min 100Gy 3.2

6 40-min 200Gy 5.5

7 60-min 300Gy 8.0

5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300Gy

2

4

6

8

Fig-6.5.2: TL Growth of Snow White(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

Beta dose in Gy

Snow White

188

6.6 TL Growth of China clay

Fig.6.6.1 is the TL growth of China clay mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC


source[30-35]. Curves 1 and 2 did not show any TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated

China clay mineral given the doses of 5 and 15Gy. Curves 3 and 4 are the TL of 5mg

weighed beta irradiated mineral given the doses of 25 and 50Gy. A humpy peak

around 138 and 141oC with less intensity was observed. Curves 5, 6 and 7 are the TL

of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given the doses of 100, 200 and 300Gy shows

broad peaks around 176oC followed by humps. However the TL emission is observed

from 75 to 325oC. Table-6.6.1 shows the TL peak temperatures and the corresponding

TL peak intensities of China clay at different beta doses.

Fig.6.6.2 is the TL growth of China clay mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC.



for TL measurement. From the figure it is noted the growth is linear from 5Gy to

300Gy. Table 6.6.2 shows the TL peak intensities for the corresponding beta doses of

the China clay mineral irradiated with different beta doses.

189

Table-6.6.1: TL Growth of China Clay (AQ800oC)




1 1-min 119 0.13

2 3-min 131 0.44

3 5-min 138 0.93

4 10-min 141 1.58

5 20-min 176 2.2

6 40-min 176 2.8

7 60-min 176 3.5

100 150 200 250 3000.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

7

65

43

21119oC

131oC

138oC

141oC

176oC

176oC

176oC

Fig-6.6.1: TL Growth of China Clay(AQ800oC)TL

Inte

nsity

(a.u

)

TemperatureoC

1 CC1min2 CC3min3 CC5min4 CC10min5 CC20min6 CC40min7 CC60min

190

Table-6.6.2: TL Growth of China Clay (AQ800oC)



1 1-min 5Gy 0.13

2 3-min 15Gy 0.44

3 5-min 25Gy 0.93

4 10-min 50Gy 1.58

5 20-min 100Gy 2.2

6 40-min 200Gy 2.8

7 60-min 300Gy 3.5

5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300Gy0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0 Fig-6.6.2: TL Growth of China Clay(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

Beta dose in Gy

China Clay

191

6.7 TL Growth of Potash white

Fig.6.7.1 is the TL growth Potash white mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC


[36-41]. Curves 1, 2 and 3 are the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated Potash white

mineral given the doses of 5, 15 and 25Gy. A humpy peak around 136oC was seen.

Curve 4 is the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given the beta dose of 50Gy.

Two humpy peaks around 145 and 328oC were observed. Curve 5 is the TL of 5mg

weighed beta irradiated mineral given the beta dose of 100Gy. Two broad peaks

around 164 and 261oC were observed. Curves 6 and 7 are the TL of 5mg weighed

beta irradiated mineral given the doses of 200 and 300Gy. Two stable peaks around

167 and 270oC were observed. It is interesting to note the hump around 250oC trying

to resolve as a peak with a little high intensity when compared to peak at 167oC. The

TL emission is observed from 100 to 300oC. Table-6.7.1 shows the TL peak

temperatures and the corresponding TL peak intensities of Potash white at different

beta doses.

Fig.6.7.2 is the TL growth curve of Potash white mineral annealed and quenched from





intensities for the corresponding beta doses of the Potash white mineral irradiated

with different beta doses.

192

Table-6.7.1: TL Growth of Potash White (AQ800oC)

S.No Time of

Irradiation

TL peak

Temperature(oC)

TL Peak Intensity

(a.u)

1 1-min 136 2.3

2 3-min 136 7.0

3 5-min 136 16.5

4 10-min 145, 328 38.5,43.0

5 20-min 164, 261 81,84

6 40-min 167, 270 130,136

7 60-min 167, 270 177, 187

100 150 200 250 300 3500

50

100

150

200

1

23

4

5

6

7270oC

167oC

270oC167oC

261oC164oC

328oC145oC

136oC136oC136oC

Fig-6.7.1: TL Growth of Potash White(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 PW1min2 PW3min3 PW5min4 PW10min5 PW20min6 PW40min7 PW60min

193

Table-6.7.2: TL Growth of Potash White (AQ800oC)


Beta-dose(Gy)

TL PeakIntensity

(a.u)1 1-min 5Gy 2.3

2 3-min 15Gy 7.0

3 5-min 25Gy 16.5

4 10-min 50Gy 38.5

5 20-min 100Gy 81

6 40-min 200Gy 130

7 60-min 300Gy 177

5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300Gy0

50

100

150

200Fig-6.7.2: TL Growth of 167oC peak of Potash white (AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity (a

.u)

Beta dose in Gy

potash white

194

6.8 TL Growth of Quartz

Fig.6.8.1 is the TL growth of Quartz mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC


[42-50]. Curve 1 is the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given the beta dose

of 5Gy. A humpy peak around 128oC was observed. Curves 2 and 3 are the TL of

5mg weighed beta irradiated Quartz mineral given the doses of 15 and 25Gy. A well

resolved isolated peak around 128oC was seen. Curve 4 is the TL of 5mg weighed

beta irradiated mineral given the beta dose of 50Gy. A well defined isolated peak

around 129oC was observed. Curve 5 is the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated

mineral given the beta dose of 100Gy. A well resolved isolated peak around 132oC

followed by a hump around 260oC was observed. Curves 6 and 7 are the TL of 5mg

weighed beta irradiated mineral given the doses of 200 and 300Gy. A well resolved

isolated peak around 134oC followed by a hump around 260oC was observed. It grows

linearly a hump at around 125oC resolved as a well resolved isolated high intensity TL

peak at 134oC as the beta dose increases from 5Gy to 300Gy in annealed and

quenched from 800oC natural Quartz. The TL emission is observed from 75 to 325oC.

Table-6.8.1 shows the TL peak temperatures and the corresponding TL peak

intensities of Quartz at different beta doses.

Fig.6.8.2 is the TL growth of Quartz mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC. The

mineral was given the following beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300Gy using

Sr-90 beta source. The 5 mg weighed beta irradiated powdered sample was used for

TL measurement. From the figure it is noted the growth increases up to 25Gy after


the corresponding beta doses of the Quartz mineral irradiated with different beta doses.

195

Table-6.8.1: TL Growth of Quartz (AQ800oC)



TL PeakIntensity

(a.u)1 1-min 128 3.3

2 3-min 128 11.2

3 5-min 128 24.6

4 10-min 129 64

5 20-min 132 102

6 40-min 134 139

7 60-min 134 186

100 150 200 250 300 3500

50

100

150

200

1

23

4

5

6

7

128oC128oC128oC

129oC

132oC

134oC

134oC

Fig-6.8.1: TL Growth of Quartz(AQ800oC)TL

Inte

nsity

(a.u

)

TemperatureoC

1 Qz1min2 Qz3min3 Qz5min4 Qz10min5 Qz20min6 Qz40min7 Qz60min

196

Table-6.8.2: TL Growth of Quartz (AQ800oC)


Beta-dose(Gy)


1 1-min 5Gy 3.3

2 3-min 15Gy 11.2

3 5-min 25Gy 24.6

4 10-min 50Gy 64

5 20-min 100Gy 102

6 40-min 200Gy 139

7 60-min 300Gy 186

5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300Gy

50

100

150

200

Fig-6.8.2: TL Growth of Quartz(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

Beta dose in Gy

Quartz

197

6.9 TL Growth of Preform granules

Fig.6.9.1 is the TL growth of Preform granules annealed and quenched from 800oC

given various beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300Gy using Sr-90 beta source.

Curves- 1, 2 and 3 are the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated sample given the doses

of 5, 15 and 25Gy. Two humpy peaks around 152 and 276oC were observed. Curve 4

is the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated sample given the beta dose of 50Gy. Two

humpy peaks around 170 and 262oC were observed. Curve 5 is the TL of 5mg

weighed beta irradiated sample given the beta dose of 100Gy. Two humpy peaks


beta irradiated Preform granules sample given the doses of 200 and 300Gy. It is found

the two humpy peaks around 180 and 274oC. It is interesting to note the peaks around

274oC increases its intensity as beta dose increases when compared to 180oC peaks.

The TL emission starts from 100oC extends up to 330oC. Table-6.9.1 shows the TL

peak temperatures and the corresponding TL peak intensities of Preform granules at


Fig.6.9.2 is the TL growth of Preform granules annealed and quenched from 800oC.

The sample was given the following beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300Gy




the corresponding beta doses of the Preform granules irradiated with different beta

doses.

198

Table-6.9.1: TL Growth of Preform granules (AQ800oC)


TL PeakTemperature

(oC)


1 1-min 152, 276 1.4, 1.4

2 3-min 152, 276 2.7, 3.4

3 5-min 152, 276 6.8, 7.9

4 10-min 170, 262 14.3, 15.4

5 20-min 174, 255 31.2, 32.2

6 40-min 180, 274 50.1, 55.0

7 60-min 180, 274 66.7, 78

100 150 200 250 300 3500

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

152oC

7

6

5

4

32 1

274oC

180oC

274oC

180oC

255oC174oC

262oC170oC

276oC152oC276oC152oC276oC

Fig-6.9.1: TL Growth of Preform granules(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity (a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 PG1min2 PG3min3 PG5min4 PG10min5 PG20min6 PG40min7 PG60min

199

Table-6.9.2: TL Growth of Preform granules (AQ800oC)


Beta-dose(Gy)

TL PeakIntensity

(a.u)1 1-min 5Gy 1.4

2 3-min 15Gy 3.4

3 5-min 25Gy 7.9

4 10-min 50Gy 15.4

5 20-min 100Gy 32.2

6 40-min 200Gy 55.0

7 60-min 300Gy 78

5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300Gy

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Fig-6.9.2: TL Growth of 274oC peak of Preform granules(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

Beta dose in Gy

Preform granules

200

6.10 TL Growth of Mixed powder

Fig.6.10.1 is the TL growth of Mixed powder sample annealed and quenched from

800oC given various beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300Gy using Sr-90 beta

source. Curves- 1, 2 and 3 are the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated sample given

the doses of 5, 15 and 25Gy. Two humpy peaks around 149 and 284oC were observed.

Curve 4 is the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated sample given the beta dose of 50Gy.

Two humpy peaks around 159 and 274oC were observed. Curve 5 is the TL of 5mg

weighed beta irradiated sample given the beta dose of 100Gy. Two humpy peaks


beta irradiated Mixed powder sample given the doses of 200 and 300Gy. It is found

the two humpy peaks around 180 and 274oC. It is interesting to note the peaks around

274oC increases its intensity as beta dose increases when compared to 180oC peaks.

The TL emission starts from 100oC extends up to 330oC. Table-6.10.1 shows the TL

peak temperatures and the corresponding TL peak intensities of Mixed powder at


Fig.6.10.2 is the TL growth curve of Mixed powder annealed and quenched from

800oC. The sample was given the following beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 and




intensities for the corresponding beta doses of the Mixed powder irradiated with


201

Table-6.10.1: TL Growth of Mixed Powder (AQ800oC)



TL PeakIntensity

(a.u)1 1-min 149, 284 1.21, 1.5

2 3-min 149, 284 3.6, 4.6

3 5-min 149, 284 7.2 9.4

4 10-min 159, 274 20.4, 28.7

5 20-min 180, 257 37.5, 47

6 40-min 180, 274 53.5, 66.7

7 60-min 180, 274 71, 88.6

100 150 200 250 300 3500

20

40

60

80

100

7

6

5

4

321

257oC

274oC

274oC

180oC

180oC

180oC

274oC

159oC

284oC149oC284oC149oC284oC149oC

Fig-6.10.1: TL Growth of Mixed Powder(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 MP1min2 MP3min3 MP5min4 MP10min5 MP20min6 MP40min7 MP60min

202

Table-6.10.2: TL Growth of Mixed Powder (AQ800oC)



1 1-min 5Gy 1.5

2 3-min 15Gy 4.6

3 5-min 25Gy 9.4

4 10-min 50Gy 28.7

5 20-min 100Gy 47

6 40-min 200Gy 66.7

7 60-min 300Gy 88.6

5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300Gy0

20

40

60

80

100Fig-6.10.2: TL Growth of 274oC peak of Mixed Powder(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

Beta dose in Gy

Mixed Powder

203

6.11 TL Growth of Ceramic Tile Powder

Fig.6.11.1 is the TL growth of Ceramic Tile Powder sample annealed and quenched

from 800oC given various beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300Gy using Sr-90

beta source. Curves 1, 2 and 3 are the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated sample

given the doses of 5, 15 and 25Gy. Two humpy peaks around 152 and 284oC were

observed. Curve 4 is the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated sample given the beta

dose of 50Gy. Two humpy peaks around 162 and 284oC were observed. Curve 5 is

the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated sample given the beta dose of 100Gy. Two

humpy peaks around 180 and 258oC were observed. Curves 6 and 7 are the TL of

5mg weighed beta irradiated Mixed powder sample given the doses of 200 and 300Gy.

It is found the two humpy peaks around 180 and 274oC. It is interesting to note the

peaks around 274oC increases its intensity as beta dose increases when compared to

180oC peaks. The TL emission starts from 100oC extends up to 330oC.Table-6.11.1

shows the TL peak temperatures and the corresponding TL peak intensities of

Ceramic Tile Powder at different beta doses.

Fig.6.11.2 is the TL growth curve of Ceramic Tile Powder annealed and quenched

from 800oC. The sample was given the following beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200

and 300Gy using Sr-90 beta source. The 5 mg weighed beta irradiated powdered

sample was used for TL measurement. From the figure it is noted the growth

increases up to 100Gy after 100Gy up to 300Gy it is a linear growth. Table 6.11.2

shows the TL peak intensities for the corresponding beta doses of the Ceramic Tile

Powder irradiated with different beta doses.

204

Table-6.11.1: TL Growth of Ceramic Tile Powder (AQ800oC)




1 1-min 152, 284 1.2, 1.2

2 3-min 152, 284 3.0, 3.8

3 5-min 152, 284 6.6, 8.2

4 10-min 162, 284 14.4, 19.2

5 20-min 180, 258 31.9, 36.4

6 40-min 180, 274 53.3, 60.6

7 60-min 180, 274 80, 90.9

100 150 200 250 300 3500

20

40

60

80

100

7

6

5

4

32

1 284oC284oC284oC

284oC

258oC

274oC

274oC

152oC152oC152oC162oC

180oC

180oC

180oC

Fig-6.11.1: TL Growth of Ceramic Tile Powder(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 CTP1min2 CTP3min3 CTP5min4 CTP10min5 CTP20min6 CTP40min7 CTP60min

205

Table-6.11.2: TL Growth of Ceramic Tile Powder(AQ800oC)


Beta-dose(Gy)


1 1-min 5Gy 1.2

2 3-min 15Gy 3.8

3 5-min 25Gy 8.2

4 10-min 50Gy 19.2

5 20-min 100Gy 36.4

6 40-min 200Gy 60.6

7 60-min 300Gy 90.9

5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300Gy0

20

40

60

80

100Fig-6.11.2: TL Growth of 274oC peak of Ceramic Tile Powder(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

Beta dose in Gy

CT Powder

206

6.12 TL Growth of Amethyst

Fig.6.12.1 is the TL growth of Amethyst mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC


source[51-54]. Curves 1 is the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given the

doses of 5Gy. A humpy peak around 135oC is observed. Curve 2 is the TL of 5mg

weighed beta irradiated mineral given the beta dose of 15Gy. A humpy peak around

140oC is observed. Curve 3 is the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given

the beta dose of 25Gy. A humpy peak around 145oC is observed. Curve 4 is the TL of

5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given the beta dose of 50Gy. A humpy peak


mineral given the beta dose of 100Gy. A broad peak around 160oC was observed.

Curves 6 is the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated Amethyst mineral given the dose

of 200Gy. A broad peak around 167oC was observed. Curves 7 is the TL of 5mg

weighed beta irradiated Amethyst mineral given the dose of 300Gy. A broad peak

around 169oC was observed The TL emission starts from 75oC extends up to 350oC.

Table-6.12.1 shows the TL peak temperatures and the corresponding TL peak

intensities of Amethyst at different beta doses.

Fig.6.12.2 is the TL growth of Amethyst mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC.





the corresponding beta doses of the Amethyst mineral irradiated with different beta

doses.

Fig.6.12.3 is the TL growth of Amethyst mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC.



for TL measurement. From the figure it is noted the TL peak temperature increases

linearly with increase of beta dose. Table 6.12.3 shows the TL peak temperatures for

the corresponding beta doses of the Amethyst mineral irradiated with different beta

doses. As dose increases TL peak temperature continuously increases.

207

Table-6.12.1: TL Growth of Amethyst (AQ800oC)


TL PeakTemperature

(oC)


1 1-min 135 0.6

2 3-min 140 1.0

3 5-min 145 1.9

4 10-min 152 3.2

5 20-min 160 8.6

6 40-min 167 13.4

7 60-min 169 18.2

100 150 200 250 300 350

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

7

6

5

432

1135oC140oC145oC

152oC

160oC

167oC

169oC

Fig-6.12.1: TL Growth of Amethyst(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 AMT1min2 AMT3min3 AMT5min4 AMT10min5 AMT20min6 AMT40min7 AMT60min

208

Table-6.12.2: TL Growth of Amethyst (AQ800oC)


Beta-dose(Gy)

TL PeakIntensity

(a.u)1 1-min 5Gy 0.6

2 3-min 15Gy 1.0

3 5-min 25Gy 1.9

4 10-min 50Gy 3.2

5 20-min 100Gy 8.6

6 40-min 200Gy 13.4

7 60-min 300Gy 18.2

5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300Gy

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20 Fig-6.12.2: TL Growth of Amethyst(AQ800oC)

TL In

tans

ity(a

.u)

Beta dose in Gy

Amethyst

209

5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300Gy135

140

145

150

155

160

165

170

Fig-6.12.3: TL Growth of Amethyst(AQ800oC)TL

Pea

k Te

mpe

ratu

reo C

Beta dose in Gy

Amethyst

Table-6.12.3: TL growth of amethyst (AQ800oC)

S.No Beta-dose (Gy) TL PeakTemperature (oC)

1 5Gy 135

2 15Gy 140

3 25Gy 145

4 50Gy 152

5 100Gy 160

6 200Gy 167

7 300Gy 169

210

6.13 TL Growth of Calcite

6.13.1 Annealed and Quenched at 800oC

Fig.6.13.1 is the TL growth of Calcite mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC


[55-59]. Curves 1 is the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given the doses of

5Gy. A well resolved peak around 160oC is observed. Curve 2 is the TL of 5mg

weighed beta irradiated mineral given the beta dose of 15Gy. A humpy peak around

165oC is observed. Curve 3 is the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given

the beta dose of 25Gy. A humpy peak around 172oC is observed. Curve 4 is the TL of

5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given the beta dose of 50Gy. A humpy peak


mineral given the beta dose of 100Gy. A broad peak around 184oC was observed.

Curves 6 is the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated Calcite mineral given the dose of

200Gy. A broad peak around 189oC was observed. Curves 7 is the TL of 5mg

weighed beta irradiated Amethyst mineral given the dose of 300Gy with greater

intensity. A broad peak around 192oC was observed The TL emission starts from

100oC extends up to 350oC.Table-6.13.1 shows the TL peak temperatures and the

corresponding TL peak intensities of Calcite at different beta doses.

Fig.6.13.2 is the TL growth of Calcite mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC.





the corresponding beta doses of the Calcite mineral and irradiated with different beta

doses.




for TL measurement. From the figure it is noted the TL peak temperature increases

linearly with increase of beta dose. Table 6.13.3 shows the TL peak temperatures for

the corresponding beta doses of the Calcite mineral irradiated with different beta

doses. It is found that the TL peak temperature continuously increases to higher side

as the β-dose increases. This may be due to more number of TL traps formed at higher

energy levels.

211

Table-6.13.1: TL Growth of Calcite (AQ800oC)


TL PeakTemperature

(oC)


1 1-min 160 15

2 3-min 165 49.7

3 5-min 172 81.9

4 10-min 178 125

5 20-min 184 351

6 40-min 189 593

7 60-min 192 886

100 150 200 250 300 3500

200

400

600

800

1000

7

6

5

4321160

oC165oC

172oC178oC

184oC

189oC

192oC

Fig-6.13.1: TL Growth of Calcite(AQ800oC)TL

Inte

nsity

(a.u

)

TemperatureoC

1 C1min2 C3min3 C5min4 C10min5 C20min6 C40min7 C60min

212



Beta-dose(Gy)


1 1-min 5Gy 15

2 3-min 15Gy 49.7

3 5-min 25Gy 81.9

4 10-min 50Gy 125

5 20-min 100Gy 351

6 40-min 200Gy 593

7 60-min 300Gy 886

5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300Gy0

200

400

600

800

1000 Fig-6.13.2: TL Growth of Calcite(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

Beta dose in Gy

Calcite

213

Table-6.13.3: TL growth of Calcite (AQ800oC)

S.No Beta-dose(Gy)

TL PeakTemperature (oC)

1 5Gy 160

2 15Gy 165

3 25Gy 172

4 50Gy 178

5 100Gy 184

6 200Gy 189

7 300Gy 192

5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300Gy160

165

170

175

180

185

190

195 Fig-6.13.3: TL Growth of Calcite(AQ800oC)

TL P

eak

Tem

pera

ture

o C

Beta dose in Gy

Calcite

214

6.13.4 Annealed and Quenched at 600oC

Fig.6.13.4 is the TL growth of Calcite mineral annealed and quenched from 600oC

given various beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300Gy using Sr-90 beta source.

Curves 1and 2 are the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given the doses of 5

and 15Gy. A well resolved peak around 168oC was observed. Curves 3, 4 and 5 are

the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given the beta doses of 25, 50 and

100Gy. A broad peak around 178oC was observed with high intensity. Curves 6 and 7

are the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given the beta dose of 200 and

300Gy. A broad peak around 190oC was observed with greater intensity. It is

interesting to note the TL peak intensity rapidly increases with increase of beta dose

ranges from 100Gy to 300Gy. The TL emission starts from 100oC extends up to

300oC.Table-6.13.4 shows the TL peak temperatures and the corresponding TL peak

intensities of Calcite at different beta doses.




for TL measurement. From the figure it is noted the growth increases up to 100Gy

after 100Gy up to 300Gy it is a linear growth. Table 6.13.5 shows the TL peak

intensities for the corresponding beta doses of the Calcite mineral irradiated with

different beta doses

215





1 1-min 168 25

2 3-min 168 77

3 5-min 178 130

4 10-min 178 265

5 20-min 178 510

6 40-min 190 913.4

7 60-min 190 1411

100 150 200 250 300 3500

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1 234

5

6

7

Fig-6.13.4: TL Growth of Calcite(AQ600oC)

168oC

178oC

178oC

178oC

168oC

190oC

190oC

TL In

tens

ity (a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 C1min2 C3min3 C5min4 C10min5 C20min6 C40min7 C60min

216




1 1-min 5Gy 25

2 3-min 15Gy 77

3 5-min 25Gy 130

4 10-min 50Gy 265

5 20-min 100Gy 510

6 40-min 200Gy 913.4

7 60-min 300Gy 1411

5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300Gy

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600 Fig-6.13.5: Tl Growth of Calcite (AQ600oC)

TL In

tens

ity (a

.u)

Beta dose in Gy

Calcite

217

6.13.6 As Received Calcite Sample

By considering higher TL intensity of natural Calcite the TL dosimetry of natural

Calcite was studied. Fig.6.13.6 is the TL growth of Calcite as received mineral given

various beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300Gy using Sr-90 beta source. Curves

1and 2 are the TL of 5mg weighed beta irradiated mineral given the doses of 5 and

15Gy. A humpy peak around 166oC was observed. Curve 3 is the TL of 5mg weighed

beta irradiated mineral given the beta dose of 25Gy. A well resolved high TL intensity

broad peak around 178oC was observed. Curves 4, 5, 6 and 7 are the TL of 5mg

weighed beta irradiated mineral given the beta doses of 50, 100, 200 and 300Gy. A

broad peak around 188oC was observed. It is interesting to note the TL peak intensity

rapidly increases with increase of beta dose ranges from 100Gy to 300Gy. The TL

emission starts from 100oC extends up to 300oC. Table-6.13.6 shows the TL peak

temperatures and the corresponding TL peak intensities of Calcite at different beta

doses.

Fig.6.13.7 is the TL growth of Calcite as received mineral. The mineral was given the

following beta doses 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300Gy using Sr-90 beta source. The 5

mg weighed beta irradiated powdered sample was used for TL measurement. From

the figure it is noted the growth increases up to 100Gy after 100Gy up to 300Gy it is a

linear growth. Table 6.13.7 shows the TL peak intensities for the corresponding beta

doses of the Calcite as received mineral and irradiated with different beta doses.

218

Table- 6.13.6: TL Growth of Calcite (AR)


TL PeakTemperature

(oC)

TL PeakIntensity

(a.u)1 1-min 166 25

2 3-min 166 74

3 5-min 178 165

4 10-min 188 279.8

5 20-min 188 466.7

6 40-min 188 1044.8

7 60-min 188 1745

100 150 200 250 300 3500

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

7

6

5

43

2

1

188oC

188oC

188oC

188oC178oC

166oC166oC

Fig-6.13.6: TL Growth of Calcite(AR)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 C1min2 C3min3 C5min 4 C10min5 C20min6 C40min7 C60min

219

Table-6.13.7: TL Growth of Calcite (AR)


Beta-dose(Gy)


1 1-min 5Gy 25

2 3-min 15Gy 74

3 5-min 25Gy 165

4 10-min 50Gy 279.8.

5 20-min 100Gy 466.7

6 40-min 200Gy 1044.8

7 60-min 300Gy 1745

5Gy 15Gy 25Gy 50Gy 100Gy 200Gy 300GY

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Fig-6.13.7: TL Growth of Calcite(AR)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

Beta dose in Gy

Calcite

220

Thermoluminescence Decay6.14 TL Decay of Ivory soda

Fig.6.14.1(a) is the TL of 5 mg weighed Ivory soda(ISoda) mineral annealed and

quenched from 800oC. The TL was recorded immediately after beta irradiation given

a dose of 25Gy using Sr-90 beta source. It is found the two peaks first one is sharp

and the latter was broad around 143 and 289oC with nearly equal intensities.

Fig.6.14.1(b) is the TL decay of Ivory soda mineral annealed and quenched from

800oC.

TL was recorded after 24, 48, 100, 170, 210, 280hours of beta irradiation initially

irradiated with beta dose of 25Gy using Sr-90 beta source. Curves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

are the TL of 5mg weighed Ivory soda mineral recorded after 24, 48, 100, 170, 210,

280hours of beta irradiation. A broad peak around 270oC is observed. It is interesting

to note the first peak of immediate TL record was disappears in TL record after

storage. It was found the TL intensity is gradually decreases as time after beta

irradiation increases. The TL emission starts from 150oC extends up to 350oC.Table

6.14.1 shows the TL peak temperatures and the corresponding TL peak intensities of

the Ivory soda mineral with different times of storage after beta irradiation.

Fig.6.14.2 is the TL decay of Ivory soda mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC.


irradiated with beta dose of 25Gy using Sr-90 beta source. The 5 mg weighed beta

irradiated powdered sample was used for TL measurement. From the figure it is noted

the TL Intensity is gradually decreased with increasing the time of storage after beta

irradiation. The TL decay percentage of Ivory soda is about 66%. Table 6.14.2 shows

the TL peak intensities for the corresponding times of storage after beta irradiation. It

is interesting to note the TL peak at 143oC is completely disappeared after storage of

24hours. This may be due to high number of shallow traps leads to generate the 143oC

peak.

221

Table – 6.14.1: TL Decay of Ivory Soda (AQ 800oC)

S. No Time of Storageafter Irradiation

(hours)

TL PeakTemperature

(oC)

TL PeakIntensity

(a. u)1 0h 289 14.6

2 24h 270 8.6

3 48h 270 6.4

4 100h 270 5.7

5 170h 270 5.3

6 210h 270 5.1

7 280h 270 5.0

100 150 200 250 300 350 400

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16 Fig-6.14.1(a): TL Decay of Ivory Soda(AQ800oC)

(289oC, 14,6)(143oC, 14.2)

TL In

tens

ity (a

.u)

TemperatureoC

Ivory Soda 0h

150 200 250 300 3500

2

4

6

8

10

6543

2

1

270oC270oC270oC270oC

270oC

Fig-6.14.1(b): TL Decay of Ivory Soda(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 ISoda24h2 ISoda48h3 ISoda100h4 ISoda170h5 ISoda210h6 ISoda280h

222

Table -6.14.2: TL Decay of Ivory Soda (AQ800oC)

S. No Time of Storage afterIrradiation (hours)

TL Peak Intensity(a. u)

1 0h 14.6

2 24h 8.6

3 48h 6.4

4 100h 5.7

5 170h 5.3

6 210h 5.1

7 280h 5.0

0h 24h 48h 100h 170h 210h 280h4

6

8

10

12

14

16 Fig-6.14.2: TL Decay of Ivory Soda(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

Time of Storage after Beta Irradiation

Ivory Soda

223

6.15 TL Decay of Potash

Fig.6.15.1(a) is the TL of 5 mg weighed Potash mineral annealed and quenched from

800oC. The TL was recorded immediately after beta irradiation given a dose of 25Gy

using Sr-90 beta source. It is found the two peaks first one is sharp and the latter was

broad around 145 and 292oC with less intensity compared to first peak.

Fig.6.15.1(b) is the TL decay of Potash mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC.


irradiated with beta dose of 25Gy using Sr-90 beta source. Curves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

are the TL of 5mg weighed Potash mineral recorded after 24, 48, 100, 170, 210,

280hours of beta irradiation. A humpy broad peak around 275oC is observed. It is

interesting to note the first peak of immediate TL record was disappears in TL record

after storage. It was found the TL intensity is gradually decreases as time after beta

irradiation increases. The TL emission starts from 150oC extends up to 350oC. Table

6.15.1 shows the TL peak temperatures and the corresponding TL peak intensities of

the sample Potash with different times of storage after beta irradiation.

Fig.6.15.2 is the TL decay of Potash mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC. TL

was recorded after 24, 48, 100, 170, 210, 280 hours of beta irradiation initially




irradiation. The TL decay percentage of Potash is about 68%. Table 6.15.2 shows the

TL peak intensities for the corresponding times of storage after beta irradiation.

224

Table – 6.15.1: TL Decay of Potash (AQ 800oC)

S.No

Time ofStorage afterIrradiation

(hours)

TL PeakTemperature

(oC)

TL PeakIntensity

(a. u)

1 0h 292 11.5

2 24h 276 7.6

3 48h 276 5.5

4 100h 276 4.4

5 170h 276 4.0

6 210h 276 3.8

7 280h 276 3.7

100 150 200 250 300 350

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16 Fig-6.15.1(a): TL Decay of Potash(AQ800oC)

(292oC, 11.5)

(145oC, 14.6)

TL In

tens

ity (a

.u)

TemperatureoC

Potash (oh)

100 150 200 250 300 3500

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

6543

2

1

275oC275oC275oC

275oC

275oC

Fig-6.15.1(b): TL Decay of Potash(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 Potash24h2 Potash48h3 Potash100h4 Potash170h5 Potash210h6 Potash280h

225

Table– 6.15.2: TL Decay of Potash (AQ800oC)


(hours)


1 0h 11.5

2 24h 7.6

3 48h 5.5

4 100h 4.4

5 170h 4.0

6 210h 3.8

7 280h 3.7

0h 24h 48h 100h 170h 210h 280h

4

6

8

10

12

Fig-6.15.2: TL Decay of Potash (AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)


Potash

226

6.16 TL Decay of Potash white

Fig.6.16.1(a) is the TL of 5 mg weighed Potash white mineral annealed and quenched

from 800oC. The TL was recorded immediately after beta irradiation given a dose of

25Gy using Sr-90 beta source. It is found the two peaks first one is sharp and the latter

was broad around 137 and 288oC with less intensity compared to first peak.

Fig.6.16.1(b) is the TL decay of Potash white mineral annealed and quenched from

800oC. TL was recorded after 24, 48, 100, 170, 210, 280hours of beta irradiation

initially irradiated with beta dose of 25Gy using Sr-90 beta source. Curves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

and 6 are the TL of 5mg weighed Potash white mineral recorded after 24, 48, 100,

170, 210, 280hours of beta irradiation. A humpy broad peak around 271oC is observed.

It is interesting to note the first peak of immediate TL record was disappears in TL

record after storage. It was found the TL intensity is gradually decreases as time after

beta irradiation increases. The TL emission starts from 150oC extends up to 350oC.

Table 6.16.1 shows the TL peak temperatures and the corresponding TL peak

intensities of the sample potash white with different times of storage after beta

irradiation.

Fig.6.16.2 is the TL decay curve of potash white mineral annealed and quenched from


initially irradiated with beta dose of 25Gy using Sr-90 beta source. The 5 mg weighed

beta irradiated powdered sample was used for TL measurement. From the figure it is

noted the TL Intensity is gradually decreased with increasing the time of storage after

beta irradiation. The TL decay percentage of Potash is about 61%. Table 6.16.2 shows

the TL peak intensities for the corresponding times of storage after beta irradiation.

227

Table – 6.16.1: TL Decay of Potash White (AQ 800oC)


(hours)

TL PeakTemperature

(oC)

TL PeakIntensity

(a. u)1 0h 288 12.5

2 24h 271 7.6

3 48h 271 6.3

4 100h 271 5.5

5 170h 271 5.15

6 210h 271 4.9

7 280h 271 4.82

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18Fig-6.16.1(a): TL Decay of Potash White(AQ800oC)

(137oC, 16.4)

(288oC, 12.5)

TL In

tens

ity (a

.u)

TemperatureoC

Potash White(oh)

150 200 250 300 3500

2

4

6

8

6543

2

1

271oC271oC

271oC271oC

271oC

Fig-6.16.1(b): TL decay of Potash White(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 PW24h2 PW48h3 PW100h4 PW170h5 PW210h6 PW280h

228

Table – 6.16.2: TL Decay of Potash White (AQ800oC)

S. No. Time of Storage afterIrradiation (hours)

TL PeakIntensity (a. u)

1 0h 12.5

2 24h 7.6

3 48h 6.3

4 100h 5.5

5 170h 5.15

6 210h 4.9

7 280h 4.82

0h 24h 48h 100h 170h 210h 280h4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13Fig-6.16.2: TL Decay of Potash White(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)


Potash White

229

6.17 TL Decay of Quartz

Fig.6.17.1 is the TL decay of Quartz mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC. The

TL was recorded immediately after beta irradiation and after 24, 48, 100, 170, 210,

280hours of beta irradiation initially irradiated with beta dose of 25Gy using Sr-90

beta source. Curves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are the TL of 5mg weighed Quartz mineral

recorded after 0, 24, 48, 100, 170, 210, 280hours of beta irradiation. A well resolved

isolated peak around 128oC with a small hump was observed. It was found the TL

intensity is linearly decreases as time after beta irradiation increases. The TL emission

starts from 75oC extends up to 325oC.Table 6.17.1 shows the TL peak temperatures

and the corresponding TL peak intensities of the sample Quartz with different times

of storage after beta irradiation.

Fig.6.17.2 is the TL decay of Quartz mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC. TL

was recorded after 0, 24, 48, 100, 170, 210, 280hours of beta irradiation initially



the TL Intensity is linearly decreased with increasing the time of storage after beta

irradiation. The TL decay percentage of Quartz is about 48%. Table 6.17.2 shows the

TL peak intensities for the corresponding times of storage after beta irradiation. As it

is concluded that the TL growth and decay are linear, it may be a good material for

accidental TL dosimetry.

230

Table – 6.17.1: TL Decay of Quartz (AQ 800oC)

S. No.Time of

Storage afterIrradiation

(hours)

TL PeakTemperature

(oC)

TL PeakIntensity

(a. u)

1 0h 128 24.8

2 24h 128 22.4

3 48h 128 20

4 100h 128 17.8

5 170h 128 15.7

6 210h 128 14.1

7 280h 128 12.9

100 150 200 250 300 350

5

10

15

20

25

7

654

3

21

128oC

128oC

Fig-6.17.1: TL Decay of Quartz(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 Quartz0h2 Quartz24h3 Quartz48h4 Quartz100h5 Quartz170h6 Quartz210h7 Quartz280h

231

Table – 6.17.2: TL Decay of Quartz (AQ800oC)



1 0h 24.8

2 24h 22.4

3 48h 20

4 100h 17.8

5 170h 15.7

6 210h 14.1

7 280h 12.9

0h 24h 48h 100h 170h 210h 280h

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26 Fig-6.17.2: TL Decay of Quartz (AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)


Quartz

232

6.18 TL Decay of Preform granules:

Fig.6.18.1(a) is the TL of 5 mg weighed Preform granules annealed and quenched

from 800oC. The TL was recorded immediately after beta irradiation given a dose of

25Gy using Sr-90 beta source. It is found the two broad peaks around 151 and 281oC.

The second peak intensity is more compared to first peak.

Fig.6.18.1(b) is the TL decay of Preform granules annealed and quenched from


initially irradiated with beta dose of 25Gy using Sr-90 beta source. Curve 1 is the TL

of 5mg weighed Preform granules recorded after 24hours of beta irradiation. A

humpy peak around 266oC is seen. Curves 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are the TL of 5mg weighed

Preform granules recorded after 48, 100, 170, 210, 280hours of beta irradiation. A

humpy broad peak around 275oC is observed. It is interesting to note the first peak of

immediate TL record was disappears in TL record after storage. It was found the TL

intensity is gradually decreases as time after beta irradiation increases. The TL

emission starts from 150oC extends up to 350oC.Table 6.18.1 shows the TL peak

temperatures and the corresponding TL peak intensities of the sample Ivory dust with

different times of storage after beta irradiation.

Fig.6.18.2 shows the TL decay curve of Preform granules annealed and quenched

from 800oC. TL was recorded after 24, 48, 100, 170, 210, 280hours of beta irradiation




beta irradiation. The TL decay percentage of Preform granules is about 57.5%.Table

6.18.2 shows the TL peak intensities for the corresponding times of storage after beta

irradiation.

233

Table – 6.18.1: TL Decay of Preform granules (AQ 800oC)S. No Time of

Storage afterIrradiation

(hours)

TL PeakTemperature

(oC)

TL PeakIntensity

(a. u)

1 0h 281 8.0

2 24h 266 5.2

3 48h 276 4.3

4 100h 276 3.8

5 170h 276 3.6

6 210h 276 3.5

7 280h 276 3.4

100 150 200 250 300 350

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(281oC, 8.0)

(151oC, 6.7)

Fig-6.18.1(a): TL Decay of Preform granules(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity (a

.u)

TemperatureoC

Preform granules (oh)

150 200 250 300 3500

1

2

3

4

5

6

6

54

3

2

1

275oC275oC275oC

275oC

266oC

Fig-6.18.1(b): TL Decay of Preform granules(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 Pgranules24h2 Pgranules48h3 Pgranules100h4 Pgranules170h5 Pgranules210h6 Pgranules280h

234

Table – 6.18.2: TL Decay of Preform granules (AQ800oC)

S. No. Time of Storage afterIrradiation

(hours)


1 0h 8.0

2 24h 5.2

3 48h 4.3

4 100h 3.8

5 170h 3.6

6 210h 3.5

7 280h 3.4

0h 24h 48h 100h 170h 210h 280h3

4

5

6

7

8

Fig-6.18.2:TL Decay of Preform granules(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)


Preform granules

235

6.19 TL Decay of Mixed powder

Fig.6.19.1(a) is the TL of 5 mg weighed Mixed powder annealed and quenched from

800oC. The TL was recorded immediately after beta irradiation given a dose of 25Gy

using Sr-90 beta source. It is found the two broad peaks around 147 and 287oC. The

second peak intensity is more compared to first peak.

Fig.6.19.1(b) is the TL decay of Mixed powder annealed and quenched from 800oC.


irradiated with beta dose of 25Gy using Sr-90 beta source. Curve 1 is the TL of 5mg

weighed Mixed powder recorded after 24hours of beta irradiation. A humpy peak

around 272oC is seen. Curves 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are the TL of 5mg weighed Mixed

powder recorded after 48, 100, 170, 210, 280hours of beta irradiation. A humpy broad

peak around 278oC is observed. It is interesting to note the first peak of immediate TL

record was disappears in TL record after storage. It was found the TL intensity is

gradually decreases as time after beta irradiation increases. The TL emission starts

from 150oC extends up to 350oC. Table 6.19.1 shows the TL peak temperatures and

the corresponding TL peak intensities of the sample Mixed powder with different

times of storage after beta irradiation.

Fig.6.19.2 is the TL decay of Mixed powder annealed and quenched from 800oC. TL

was recorded after 24, 48, 100, 170, 210, 280hours of beta irradiation initially




irradiation. The TL decay percentage of Mixed powder is about 55%.Table 6.19.2

shows the TL peak intensities for the corresponding times of storage after beta

irradiation. After 100 hours of storage the decay is almost zero.

236

Table – 6.19.1: TL Decay of Mixed Powder (AQ 800oC)


(hours)

TL PeakTemperature

(oC)

TL PeakIntensity

(a. u)1 0h 287 9.5

2 24h 272 6.3

3 48h 278 5.1

4 100h 278 4.7

5 170h 278 4.5

6 210h 278 4.4

7 280h 278 4.3

100 150 200 250 300 350 400

2

4

6

8

10

Fig-6.19.1(a): TL Decay of Mixed Powder(AQ800oC)

(287oC, 9.5)

(147oC, 7.2)

TL In

tens

ity (a

.u)

TemperatureoC

Mixed Powder0h

100 150 200 250 300 3500

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

654

32

1

278oC278oC278oC

278oC

272oC

Fig-6.19.1(b): TL Decay of Mixed Powder(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 MPowder24h2 MPowder48h3 MPowder100h4 MPowder170h5 MPowder210h6 MPowder280h

237

Table – 6.19.2: TL Decay of Mixed Powder (AQ800oC)

S. No. Time of Storageafter Irradiation

(hours)


1 0h 9.5

2 24h 6.3

3 48h 5.1

4 100h 4.7

5 170h 4.5

6 210h 4.4

7 280h 4.3

0h 24h 48h 10h 170h 210h 280h

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 Fig-6.19.2: TL Decay of Mixed Powder(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)


Mixed Powder

238

6.20 TL Decay of Ceramic Tile Powder

Fig.6.20.1 (a) is the TL of 5 mg weighed Ceramic Tile Powder annealed and

quenched from 800oC. The TL was recorded immediately after beta irradiation given

a dose of 25Gy using Sr-90 beta source. It is found the two broad peaks around 152

and 284oC. The second peak intensity is more compared to first peak.

Fig.6.20.1(b) is the TL decay of Ceramic Tile Powder annealed and quenched from


initially irradiated with beta dose of 25Gy using Sr-90 beta source. Curve 1 is the TL

of 5mg weighed Ceramic Tile Powder recorded after 24hours of beta irradiation. A

humpy peak around 267oC is seen. Curves 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are the TL of 5mg weighed

Ceramic Tile Powder recorded after 48, 100, 170, 210, 280hours of beta irradiation. A

humpy broad peak around 279oC is observed. It is interesting to note the first peak of

immediate TL record was disappears in TL record after storage. It was found the TL

intensity is gradually decreases as time after beta irradiation increases. The TL

emission starts from 150oC extends up to 350oC.Table 6.20.1 shows the TL peak

temperatures and the corresponding TL peak intensities of the sample Ceramic Tile

Powder with different times of storage after beta irradiation.

Fig.6.20.2 is the TL decay curve of Ceramic Tile Powder annealed and quenched

from 800oC. TL was recorded after 24, 48, 100, 170, 210, 280hours of beta irradiation




beta irradiation. The TL decay percentage of Ceramic tile powder is about 51%.Table


irradiation. After 100- 280 hours of storage the decay is only 10%. This may be good

TL dosimetric material for accidental nuclear fallout.

239

Table –6.20.1: TL Decay of Ceramic Tile Powder (AQ 800oC)


(hours)

TL PeakTemperature

(oC)

TL PeakIntensity

( a. u )1 0h 284 8.2

2 24h 258 6.1

3 48h 279 4.9

4 100h 279 4.4

5 170h 279 4.2

6 210h 279 4.0

7 280h 279 3.9

100 150 200 250 300 350 400

2

4

6

8(284oC, 8.2)

(152oC, 6.7)

Fig-6.20.1(a): TL Decay of CTPowder(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity (a

.u)

TemperatureoC

CeramicTilePowder(oh)

150 200 250 300 3500

1

2

3

4

5

6

6543

2

1

279oC279oC

279oC

279oC

267oC

Fig-6.20.1(b): TL Decay of Ceramic Tile Powder(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 CTP24h2 CTP48h3 CTP100h4 CTP170h5 CTP210h6 CTP280h

240

Table – 6.20.2: TL Decay of Ceramic Tile Powder (AQ800oC)

S. No. Time of Storage afterIrradiation (hours)


1 0h 8.2

2 24h 6.1

3 48h 4.9

4 100h 4.4

5 170h 4.2

6 210h 4.0

7 280h 3.9

0h 24h 48h 100h 170h 210h 280h

4

5

6

7

8

9Fig-6.20.2: TL Decay Ceramic Tile Powder(AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)


Ceramic Tile Powder

241

6.21 TL Decay of Calcite

6.21.1 Annealed and Quenched from 800oC

Fig.6.21.1 is the TL decay of Calcite mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC. The

TL was recorded immediately after beta irradiation (0h) and after 24, 48, 100, 150,

220, 300hours of beta irradiation initially irradiated with beta dose of 25Gy using Sr-

90 beta source. Curves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are the TL of 5mg weighed Calcite

mineral recorded after 0, 24, 48, 100, 150, 220, 300hours of beta irradiation. A well

resolved isolated peak around 163oC was observed. It was found the TL intensity is

linearly decreases as time after beta irradiation increases. The TL emission starts from

100oC extends up to 275oC.Table 6.21.1 shows the TL peak temperatures and the

corresponding TL peak intensities of the sample Calcite with different times of

storage after beta irradiation.

Fig.6.21.2 is the TL decay of Calcite mineral annealed and quenched from 800oC. TL





irradiation. The TL decay percentage of Calcite is about 37.3%. Table 6.21.2 shows

the TL peak intensities for the corresponding times of storage after beta irradiation.

As such we cannot name the material as calcite it is dissociated to CaO. However it is

the one of the left out chemical constituent of calcite. The TL is interesting.

242

Table – 6.21.1: TL Decay of Calcite (AQ8000C)

S. No Time of Storageafter

Irradiation(hours)

TL PeakTemperature

(oC)

TL PeakIntensity

(a. u)

1 0h 163 48.3

2 24h 163 44.1

3 48h 163 40.8

4 100h 163 37.4

5 150h 163 34.7

6 220h 163 33.0

7 300h 163 30.3

100 150 200 250 300

10

20

30

40

50

7654

32

1

163oC163oC

163oC

163oC163oC

163oC

Fig-6.21.1: TL Decay of Calcite (AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity (a

.u)

TemperatureoC

1 Calcite 0h2 Calcite 24h3 Calcite 48h4 Calcite 100h5 Calcite 150h6 Calcite 220h7 Calcite 300h

243

Table – 6.21.2: TL Decay of Calcite (AQ800oC)



1 0h 48.3

2 24h 44.1

3 48h 40.8

4 100h 37.4

5 150h 34.7

6 220h 33.0

7 300h 30.3

0h 24h 48h 100h 150h 220h 300h28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50 Fig-6.21.2: TL Decay of Calcite (AQ800oC)

TL In

tens

ity (a

.u)


Calcite

244

6.21.3 Annealed and Quenched from 600oC

Fig.6.21.3 is the TL decay of Calcite mineral annealed and quenched from 600oC. The

TL was recorded immediately after beta irradiation (0h) and after 24, 48, 100, 150,

220, 300hours of beta irradiation initially irradiated with beta dose of 25Gy using Sr-

90 beta source. Curves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are the TL of 5mg weighed Calcite

mineral recorded after 0, 24, 48, 100, 150, 220, 300hours of beta irradiation. A well

resolved isolated peak around 125oC was observed. It was found the TL intensity is

linearly decreases as time after beta irradiation increases. The TL emission starts from

75oC extends up to 200oC.Table 6.21.3 shows the TL peak temperatures and the

corresponding TL peak intensities of the sample Calcite with different times of

storage after beta irradiation.

Fig.6.21.4 is the TL decay of Calcite mineral annealed and quenched from 600oC. TL





irradiation. The TL decay percentage of the mineral Calcite is about 48%. Table


irradiation.

245

Table – 6.21.3: TL Decay of Calcite (AQ 600oC)


(hours)

TL PeakTemperature

(oC)

TL PeakIntensity

(a. u)1 0h 125 57.5

2 24h 125 48.5

3 48h 125 41.9

4 100h 125 38.5

5 150h 125 35.3

6 220h 125 32.4

7 300h 125 30.0

100 150 200 250

10

20

30

40

50

60

7654

3

2

1

125oC

125oC

125oC

125oC

125oC

125oC

Fig-6.21.3: TL Decay of Calcite (AQ600oC)

TL In

tens

ity(a

.u)

TemperatureoC


246

Table – 6.21.4: TL Decay of Calcite (AQ600oC)


(hours)


1 0h 57.7

2 24h 48.5

3 48h 41.9

4 100h 38.5

5 150h 35.3

6 220h 32.4

7 300h 30.0

0h 24h 48h 100h 150h 220h 300h

30

35

40

45

50

55

60Fig-6.21.4: TL Decay of Calcite (AQ600oC)

TL In

tens

ity (a

.u)


Calcite

247

6.21.5 As Received Calcite mineral

Fig.6.21.5 is the TL decay of as received Calcite mineral. The TL was recorded

immediately after beta irradiation (0h) and after 24, 48, 100, 150, 220, 300hours of

beta irradiation initially irradiated with beta dose of 25Gy using Sr-90 beta source.

Curves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are the TL of 5mg weighed Calcite mineral recorded after

0, 24, 48, 100, 150, 220, 300hours of beta irradiation. A well resolved isolated peak

around 166oC was observed. It was found the TL intensity is linearly decreases as

time after beta irradiation increases. The TL emission starts from 100oC extends up to

300oC. Table 6.21.5 shows the TL peak temperatures and the corresponding TL peak

intensities of the sample Calcite with different times of storage after beta irradiation.

Fig.6.21.6 is the TL decay curve of as received Calcite mineral. TL was recorded after

0, 24, 48, 100, 150, 220, 300hours of beta irradiation initially irradiated with beta dose

of 25Gy using Sr-90 beta source. The 5 mg weighed beta irradiated powdered sample

was used for TL measurement. From the figure it is noted the TL Intensity is linearly

decreased with increasing the time of storage after beta irradiation. The TL decay

percentage of the mineral Calcite is about 44%. Table 6.21.6 shows the TL peak

intensities for the corresponding times of storage after beta irradiation.

248

Table – 6.21.5: TL Decay of Calcite (AR)


(hours)

TL PeakTemperature

(oC)

TL PeakIntensity

(a. u)1 0h 166 73.9

2 24h 166 67.3

3 48h 166 59.8

4 100h 166 56.3

5 150h 166 48.0

6 220h 166 44.6

7 300h 166 41.3

100 150 200 250 300

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

765

43

2

1 166oC

166oC166oC

166oC

166oC

166oC

166oC

Fig-6.21.5: TL Decay of Calcite (AR)

TL In

tens

ity (a

.u)

TemperatureoC


249

Table –6.21.6: TL Decay of Calcite (AR)

S. No Time of Storage

after Irradiation

(hours)

TL Peak Intensity

(a. u)

1 0h 73.9

2 24h 67.3

3 48h 59.8

4 100h 54.3

5 150h 48.0

6 220h 44.6

7 300h 41.3

0h 24h 48h 100h 150h 220h 300h

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

Fig-6.21.6: TL Decay of Calcite (AR)

TL In

tens

ity (a

.u)


Calcite

250

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