TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive...
Transcript of TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive...
UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Faculty of Physics Vienna University of Technology Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics Stadionallee 2 1020 Vienna, Austria T +43-(0)1-588 01-141 393 F +43-(0)1-588 01-141 99 www.tuwien.ac.at TLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT
Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC
Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter Reference ATIS1201 Issue 1 Revision 0 Date of Issue 20/01/2012 Status Authorised Distribution ESTEC
Page 2 of 73 ATIS1201 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
APPROVAL
Title Matroshka-2 Kibō TLD Data Analysis Report/Milestone 2
Issue 1 Revision 0
Authors M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter
Date 20/01/2012
Approved by M. Hajek Date 08/02/2012
CHANGE LOG
Reason for change Issue Revision Date
CHANGE RECORD
Issue Revision
Reason for change Date Pages Paragraph(s)
Cover illustration: ISS023-E-031576 (4 May 2010)—Russian cosmonaut Alexander Skvortsov (left) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi, both Expedition 23 flight engineers, work with the European Matroshka phantom experiment in the Kibō laboratory of the International Space Station. Matroshka, the name for the traditional Russian set of nestling dolls, is an anthropo-morphic model of a human torso designed for radiation studies. Image credit: NASA.
Page 3 of 73 ATIS1201 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. 4
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... 5
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................... 7
APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ..................................................................................................... 8
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 9
1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Matroshka Facility ................................................................................................ 11 1.2 Mission Timeline .................................................................................................. 12
2 DETECTOR INSTRUMENTATION ..................................................................................... 18 2.1 Matroshka-2 Kibō TLD Set ..................................................................................... 18 2.2 TLD Annealing and Readout ................................................................................. 19 2.3 Pre- and Post-flight Calibration .............................................................................. 19 2.4 TL Fading Characteristics ...................................................................................... 20 2.5 Charged Particle Response ................................................................................... 21
3 MATROSHKA-2 KIBŌ EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ................................................................ 24 3.1 Matroshka Tubes .................................................................................................. 24 3.2 Matroshka Organ Boxes ........................................................................................ 53 3.3 Matroshka Poncho Boxes ...................................................................................... 54
4 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................. 56
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ 57
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 58
A. ANNEX: TLD ARRANGEMENT IN MATROSHKA TUBES ...................................................... 60
Page 4 of 73 ATIS1201 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1 | Modular design of the Matroshka facility ............................................................ 11 Figure 1-2 | Preparations for detector installation ................................................................. 13 Figure 1-3 | Installation of passive detectors ........................................................................ 14 Figure 1-4 | Matroshka in Kibō ............................................................................................. 15 Figure 1-5 | Removal of passive detectors from Matroshka .................................................... 16 Figure 1-6 | Passive detector download ............................................................................... 17 Figure 1-7 | Matroshka passive detector pouch ..................................................................... 17 Figure 2-1 | Philips Theratron 780C ...................................................................................... 19 Figure 2-2 | Fading study of TLD response ........................................................................... 20 Figure 2-3 | TLD-700 relative efficiency for heavy charged particles ....................................... 22 Figure 3-1 | Matroshka coordinate system ............................................................................ 25 Figure 3-2 | Three-dimensional dose profile in the Matroshka phantom ................................. 38 Figure 3-3 | Projection of measured dose rates onto the xy-plane .......................................... 38 Figure 3-4 | Projection of measured dose rates onto the xz-plane .......................................... 39 Figure 3-5 | Projection of measured dose rates onto the yz-plane .......................................... 39 Figure 3-6 | Dependence of high-temperature ratio and TL efficiency on LET ......................... 53 Figure 3-7 | Organ dose measurements in Matroshka ........................................................... 54 Figure 3-8 | Poncho dose measurements in Matroshka .......................................................... 55 Figure A-1 | Slice #3 TLD distribution ................................................................................... 60 Figure A-2 | Slice #7 TLD distribution ................................................................................... 61 Figure A-3 | Slice #11 TLD distribution ................................................................................. 62 Figure A-4 | Slice #13 TLD distribution ................................................................................. 63 Figure A-5 | Slice #15 TLD distribution ................................................................................. 64 Figure A-6 | Slice #17 TLD distribution ................................................................................. 65 Figure A-7 | Slice #19 TLD distribution ................................................................................. 66 Figure A-8 | Slice #21 TLD distribution ................................................................................. 67 Figure A-9 | Slice #23 TLD distribution ................................................................................. 68 Figure A-10 | Slice #25 TLD distribution ............................................................................... 69 Figure A-11 | Slice #27 TLD distribution ............................................................................... 70 Figure A-12 | Slice #29 TLD distribution ............................................................................... 71 Figure A-13 | Slice #31 TLD distribution ............................................................................... 72 Figure A-14 | Slice #33 TLD distribution ............................................................................... 73
Page 5 of 73 ATIS1201 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1 | Matroshka science consortium ............................................................................ 12 Table 1-2 | Matroshka mission timeline ................................................................................ 13 Table 1-3 | Radiogram no. 2995u (4 May 2010) .................................................................... 15 Table 1-4 | Radiogram no. 5591u (10 March 2011) ............................................................... 16 Table 2-1 | Matroshka-2 Kibō TLD materials .......................................................................... 18 Table 2-2 | Heavy charged particle TL efficiency ................................................................... 23 Table 3-1 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 3 ............................................................. 25 Table 3-2 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 7 ............................................................. 26 Table 3-3 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 11 ........................................................... 26 Table 3-4 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 13 ........................................................... 27 Table 3-5 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 15 ........................................................... 28 Table 3-6 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 17 ........................................................... 29 Table 3-7 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 19 ........................................................... 30 Table 3-8 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 21 ........................................................... 31 Table 3-9 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 23 ........................................................... 32 Table 3-10 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 25 ......................................................... 33 Table 3-11 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 27 ......................................................... 34 Table 3-12 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 29 ......................................................... 35 Table 3-13 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 31 ......................................................... 36 Table 3-14 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 33 ......................................................... 37 Table 3-15 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 3 ...................................................... 40 Table 3-16 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 7 ...................................................... 41 Table 3-17 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 11 ..................................................... 41 Table 3-18 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 13 ..................................................... 42 Table 3-19 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 15 ..................................................... 43 Table 3-20 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 17 ..................................................... 44 Table 3-21 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 19 ..................................................... 45 Table 3-22 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 21 ..................................................... 46 Table 3-23 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 23 ..................................................... 47 Table 3-24 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 25 ..................................................... 48 Table 3-25 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 27 ..................................................... 49 Table 3-26 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 29 ..................................................... 50 Table 3-27 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 31 ..................................................... 51
Page 6 of 73 ATIS1201 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-28 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 33 ..................................................... 52 Table 3-29 | Organ dose measurements in Matroshka ........................................................... 54 Table 3-30 | Poncho dose measurements in Matroshka ......................................................... 55
Page 7 of 73 ATIS1201 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ATI .............. Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics [German: Atominstitut]
DLR ............. German Aerospace Centre [German: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt]
ELIPS ........... European Programme for Life and Physical Sciences
ESA ............. European Space Agency
EVA ............ Extravehicular activity
FE ............... Flight Engineer
HCP ............ Heavy charged particle
HIMAC ......... Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator
HTR ............. High-temperature ratio
IFJ ............... Institute of Nuclear Physics [Polish: Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej]
ISS .............. International Space Station
IVA ............. Intravehicular activity
JEM ............. Japanese Experiment Module
JPM ............. JEM Pressurized Module
LET ............. Linear energy transfer
NASA .......... National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NCC ............ National Cancer Centre
NIRS ............ National Institute of Radiological Sciences
NSRL ........... NASA Space Radiation Laboratory
PAN ............ Polish Academy of Sciences [Polish: Polskiej Akademii Nauk]
PMMA ......... Polymethyl methacrylate
PMT ............ Photomultiplier tube
PNTD .......... Plastic nuclear track detector
RS ............... Russian Segment
SIS .............. Heavy-Ion Synchrotron [German: Schwerionensynchrotron]
TL ............... Thermoluminescence
TLD ............. Thermoluminescence dosemeter
TUW ........... Vienna University of Technology [German: Technische Universität Wien]
USOS .......... U.S. Orbital Segment
Page 8 of 73 ATIS1201 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
The following specifications, standards and publications are considered applicable to the Ma-troshka-2 Kibō TLD Data Analysis Report at the issue/revision/date specified below. • TUW/PR/MTR-2K/PD-10-11, “Progress Report Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 1”, Issue 1/
Revision 0, Vienna University of Technology, 31/10/2011 • TUW/DR/MTR-2K/PD-10-11, “Design Report Matroshka-2 Kibō Passive Thermoluminescence
Dosimetry”, Issue 1/Revision 0, Vienna University of Technology, 31/10/2011 • MTR.II.KIBO.208, “Matroshka II Kibō Handbook”, Issue 1/Revision 0, German Aerospace Cen-
tre, 25/08/2009 • ISLRA-2004-247, “Study of Depth Dose Distribution Inside a Human Phantom Using the Ma-
troshka Facility”, German Aerospace Centre, 03/05/2004 • MTR-TN-3000-030-DLR, “Matroshka Operations Manual”, Issue 3/Revision 0, German Aero-
space Centre, 06/11/2003 • MTR-ADP-002-DLR “Acceptance Data Package for the Matroshka Flight Model”, Issue 1/
Revision 0, German Aerospace Centre, 07/10/2003 • GPQ-MAN-01, “Documentation Standard for ESA MSM-G Projects”, Issue 2/Revision 0, Euro-
pean Space Agency, 30/06/1999
Page 9 of 73 ATIS1201 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Astronauts working and living in space are exposed to considerably higher doses and different qualities of ionizing radiation than people on ground. Matroshka, a European Space Agency experiment under coordination of the German Aerospace Centre, is the most comprehensive effort so far in radiation protection dosimetry in space using an anthropomorphic upper torso phantom known from radiotherapy treatment planning to map the dose distribution throughout a simulated human body on board the International Space Station. Absorbed dose is measured by miniature thermoluminescence dosemeters embedded in polyethylene tubes and arranged in an orthogonal grid using interstitial spacers. Along with dose measurements at the site of vital organs and application of detailed numerical models of the human organism, the acquired dose profiles are expected to improve cancer risk projections for long-term human space explo-ration and support benchmarking of radiation transport algorithms. To assess the influence of different shielding configurations, Matroshka was exposed under different intra- and extrave-hicular activity conditions. During the previous missions the phantom had been installed in- and outside the Zvezda Service Module and in the Pirs docking compartment, before it was trans-ferred to the Japanese Experiment Module Kibō as part of the fourth mission. The Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics at the Vienna University of Technology was responsible for preparation, calibration, readout and evaluation of 1,110 thermoluminescence extruded rib-bons made of lithium fluoride and doped with magnesium and titanium at the ppm level. The complete detector set was launched by Progress 37P on 28 April 2010 from Baikonur, Kazakh-stan, and loaded into the Matroshka phantom only six days later. Equipped with active and pas-sive radiation sensors, the facility was mounted in the Life Science Payload Rack F2 of the Kibō Pressurized Module, with the front side of the phantom looking aft. On 10 March 2011, after a 310-day exposure, was brought back to the Russian Segment where the passive detector set was removed and six days later downloaded to ground by Soyuz 24S.
Page 10 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
The highest dose rate was found in the mid-back region where the phantom came closest to the spacecraft hull. Although the tissue absorbed dose rate measured in Kibō (0.17 to 0.26 mGy/d) was on average 20% higher than in Zvezda (0.14 to 0.21 mGy/d), the dose pro-files acquired from the outer to the inner layers of the anthropomorphic torso were of qualita-tively similar shape. As a direct consequence of the heavier shielding provided by Kibō and Zvezda, which absorbs a prominent fraction of cosmic-ray protons, the dose gradient towards the centre of the phantom body was markedly flatter than in the less shielded Pirs compartment (0.12 to 0.28 mGy/d). The significant neutron contribution registered in Kibō is believed to be the result of both projectile and target fragmentations within the spacecraft hull and might jus-tify additional effort to investigate neutron effective dose. The agreement of doses evaluated by the Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics with preliminary data provided by other labor-atories participating in the Matroshka-2 Kibō experiment is outstanding and demonstrates the reliability of TL dosimetry in space.
Page 11 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Matroshka Facility
Matroshka, a European Space Agency (ESA) experiment under coordination of the German Aer-ospace Centre (DLR), that received its name from the traditional Russian set of nestling dolls is the most comprehensive effort so far in radiation protection dosimetry in space (Table 1-1) us-ing an Alderson Rando™ anthropomorphic upper torso phantom known from radiotherapy treatment planning to map the dose distribution throughout a simulated human body on board the International Space Station (ISS). The facility was developed within the European Pro-gramme for Life and Physical Sciences (ELIPS), with a natural human skeleton cast inside a pro-prietary urethane formulation that is radiologically equivalent to soft tissue (Dettmann & Reitz, 2003; Dettmann et al., 2007). Unlike previous phantom experiments that had been conducted on different space vehicles (Benton et al., 1990; Berger et al., 2001, 2002, 2004; Cucinotta et al., 2008; Kartsev et al., 2009; Konradi et al., 1992; Shurshakov et al., 2008; Yasuda et al., 2000, 2009), Matroshka is covered by a skin substitute, aka poncho, as well as a carbon fibre container that, along with a multilayer thermal insulation, resembles the shielding properties of a space-suit (Figure 1-1). The facility contains a complete set of active and passive instrumentation to assess the radiation field constituents (Reitz & Berger, 2006). Most notably, around 4,800 minia-ture thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLDs) are accommodated at the site of vital organs and embedded in polyethylene tubes that are arranged in a 2.54-cm orthogonal grid throughout the mannequin. In each mission, the Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics (ATI) at the Vi-enna University of Technology (TUW) was responsible for preparation, calibration, readout and evaluation of about 1,100 thermoluminescence (TL) extruded ribbons made of lithium fluoride (LiF) and doped with magnesium (Mg) and titanium (Ti) at the ppm level. Together with detailed numerical models of the human organism, the acquired dose profiles are expected to improve cancer risk projections for long-term human space exploration and support benchmarking of radiation transport algorithms.
Figure 1-1 | Modular design of the Matroshka facility. The urethane-based phantom body is covered by a pon-cho that simulates the skin. A carbon fibre container, thermally protected by a multilayer insulation, resembles the shielding properties of an extravehicular activity spacesuit. Image credit: DLR.
Page 12 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 1-1 | Matroshka science consortium. Twenty-one renowned laboratories from Europe, Japan, Russia and the U.S.A. participated in the MTR-2K experiment.
Institution City, country Co-investigator(s)
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Vienna, Austria Beck
Atomic Energy Research Institute Budapest, Hungary Apathy, Deme, Pálfalvi
Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden Sihver
Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Kiel, Germany Burmeister, Heber
Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies Dublin, Ireland O’Sullivan
Eril Research, Inc. Stillwater, OK, U.S.A. Benton
German Aerospace Center Cologne, Germany Berger, Reitz
Health Protection Agency Didcot, United Kingdom Hager
Institute of Biomedical Problems Moscow, Russia Petrov
Institute of Nuclear Physics Kraków, Poland Bilski, Olko
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Tsukuba, Japan Nagamatsu
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA, U.S.A. Miller
NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, TX, U.S.A. Cucinotta, Zapp
National Institute of Nuclear Physics Florence, Italy Spillantini
National Institute of Radiological Sciences Chiba, Japan Uchihori, Yasuda
Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK, U.S.A. McKeever, Yukihara
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Germany Luszik-Bhadra
Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt, Germany Durante
Thales Alenia Space Italia s.p.a. Torino, Italy Lobascio
University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’ Rome, Italy Casolino
Vienna University of Technology Vienna, Austria Hajek
1.2 Mission Timeline
To assess the influence of variable shielding configurations, Matroshka was exposed under dif-ferent intra- (IVA) and extravehicular activity (EVA) conditions (Reitz et al., 2009). During the previous missions (Table 1-2), the phantom had been installed outside (MTR-1) and inside Zvezda (MTR-2B) as well as inside Pirs (MTR-2A), before it was moved to the Japanese Experi-ment Module (JEM) Kibō as part of the fourth mission (MTR-2K). The complete detector set was launched to the ISS by Progress 37P (M-05M) on 28 April 2010 from Baikonur, Kazakhstan, and loaded into the Matroshka phantom by Expedition 23 Flight Engineers Aleksandr A. Skvortsov (FE-1) and Mikhail B. Korniyenko (FE-3) on 4 May 2010 (Figure 1-2, Figure 1-3, Table 1-3). At the same time, Timothy J. Creamer (FE-6) cleared the stowage are in JEM for Matroshka installation. After handover to the U.S. Orbital Segment (USOS), Soichi Noguchi (FE-5) was responsible for transferring the facility to Kibō and mounting it in the Life Science Payload Rack F2 of the JEM Pressurized Module (JPM), with the front side of the phantom looking aft (Figure 1-4).
Page 13 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 1-2 | Matroshka mission timeline. The experiment successfully accomplished four missions, which saw the phantom being exposed in- and outside the ISS. Download dates are given for undocking from the station.
Mission Activity Crew Date
Matroshka launch (13P) 29 Jan. 2004
MTR
-1
(200
4–05
) Extravehicular activity Foale, Kaleri 26 Feb. 2004
Extravehicular activity Krikalev, Phillips 18 Aug. 2005
Disintegration of passive detectors Krikalev, Phillips 14 Sep. 2005
Passive detector download (10S) 10 Oct. 2005
MTR
-2A
(2
006)
Passive detector upload (20P) 21 Dec. 2005
Integration of passive detectors McArthur, Tokarev 05 Jan. 2006
Disintegration of passive detectors Reiter 07 Dec. 2006
Passive detector download (STS-116) 19 Dec. 2006
MTR
-2B
(200
7–09
) Passive detector upload (15S) 10 Oct. 2007
Integration of passive detectors Malenchenko, Yurchikhin 18 Oct. 2007
Disintegration of passive detectors Lonchakov 18 Mar. 2009
Passive detector download (STS-119) 25 Mar. 2009
MTR
-2K
(201
0–11
) Passive detector upload (37P) 28 Apr. 2010
Integration of passive detectors Korniyenko, Skvortsov 04 May 2010
Disintegration of passive detectors Kaleri, Skripochka 10 Mar. 2011
Passive detector download (24S) 16 Mar. 2011
Figure 1-2 | Preparations for detector installation. The Matroshka phantom is getting ready for a new set of passive detectors being loaded into the channels and cut-outs of the anthropomorphic torso. Image credit: NASA.
Page 14 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure 1-3 | Installation of passive detectors. Expedition 23 Flight Engineers Aleksandr A. Skvortsov and Mikhail B. Korniyenko install a new set of passive detectors in the channels and cut-outs of the Matroshka anthropomorphic torso. Flight Engineer Soichi Noguchi awaits the phantom for being transferred to Kibō. Image credit: NASA.
Page 15 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 1-3 | Radiogram no. 2995u (4 May 2010). Crew activities involved detector installation and transfer of the Matroshka facility to the Japanese Experiment Module Kibō.
GMT Crew Activity
08:45-11:45
FE-1, FE-3
Matroshka. Installation of detectors into anthropomorphic phan-tom and handover to USOS
08:50-09:20 FE-6 Clear stowage area in JPM for Matroshka installation
11:45-12:00 FE-5 Transfer of Matroshka to Kibō
12:00-13:20 FE-5 Installation of Matroshka in Kibō
Figure 1-4 | Matroshka in Kibō. The facility was mounted in the Life Science Payload Rack F2 of the Kibō Pressur-ized Module as indicated, with the front side of the phantom looking aft. Expedition 23 Flight Engineer Soichi Nogu-chi is posing next to the experiment. Image credit: JAXA, NASA.
Page 16 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
On 10 March 2011, after a 310-day exposure, Expedition 26 crewmember, ESA astronaut Paolo A. Nespoli (FE-5), dismantled the Matroshka phantom and brought it back to the Russian Seg-ment (RS) where the passive detector set was removed by Flight Engineers Aleksandr Y. Kaleri (FE-1) and Oleg I. Skripochka (FE-2) and packed for return (Figure 1-6, Table 1-4). Download to ground was accomplished by Soyuz 24S (TMA-01M), along with Expedition 26 Commander Scott J. Kelly, Kaleri and Skripochka, undocking from the station on 16 March 2011 and landing at 7:54 GMT near the city of Arkalyk in north central Kazakhstan (Figure 1-6). Upon arrival at DLR headquarters in Cologne, the detectors were distributed to the participating laboratories for readout and evaluation (Figure 1-7).
Table 1-4 | Radiogram no. 5591u (10 March 2011). Crew activities involved transfer of the Matroshka facility to the Russian Segment and detector removal.
GMT Crew Activity
09:45-10:10 FE-5 Dismantle Matroshka in JEM
10:10-10:20 FE-5 Transfer of Matroshka from JEM to RS
10:10-10:20 FE-1, FE-2 Matroshka. Equipment setup and acceptance from FE-5
13:50-14:20 FE-1, FE-2 Matroshka. View DVD to remove anthropomorphic phantom
14:20-17:20 FE-1, FE-2 Matroshka. Remove and prepare detectors for return
Figure 1-5 | Removal of passive detectors from Matroshka. After the Matroshka phantom had been retrieved from Kibō and transferred to the Zarya Functional Cargo Block in the ISS Russian Segment, the passive detector set was removed and prepared for being downloaded to ground. Image credit: NASA.
Page 17 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure 1-6 | Passive detector download. Expedition 26 crewmembers Aleksandr Y. Kaleri, Dmitri Y. Kondrat’yev, Oleg I. Skripochka and Paolo A. Nespoli (from left) pose for a photo with the Matroshka phantom in the Zarya Func-tional Cargo Block. Download of the passive detector set to ground was accomplished with a Soyuz TMA-01M space-craft on 16 March 2011, landing in north central Kazakhstan. Image credit: NASA.
Figure 1-7 | Matroshka passive detector pouch. Following the download to ground, the detector-equipped tubes, the organ and reference boxes, the poncho and the hood have been disintegrated at DLR headquarters in Cologne and distributed to the investigators for readout and evaluation. Image credit: DLR.
!"#$%&'()#*+,)-.&/,01*2345,#66789:;5<8=>?,%=97@?,
,
, +A
!"#$%&%'()$*+,"-+%'.#*
, ,",./,$<=,<3@BC3@=,C35,B=:;D=@=B,?7,2E%,;>,"3@6<,+1FF,;>,G77B,67>B;?;7>H,2;5?@;IJ?;7>,7K,?<=,9355;D=,@3B;3?;7>,B=?=6?7@5,<35,3:@=3B4,5?3@?=BH,*
,
,
,
!"#$%&'()#*+,)-.&/,01*2345,#66789:;5<8=>?,%=97@?,
,
, +A
!"#$%&%'()$*+,"-+%'.#*
, ,",./,$<=,<3@BC3@=,C35,B=:;D=@=B,?7,2E%,;>,"3@6<,+1FF,;>,G77B,67>B;?;7>H,2;5?@;IJ?;7>,7K,?<=,9355;D=,@3B;3?;7>,B=?=6?7@5,<35,3:@=3B4,5?3@?=BH,*
,
,
,
Page 18 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
2 DETECTOR INSTRUMENTATION
2.1 Matroshka-2 Kibō TLD Set
TLDs are nowadays used in routine radiological monitoring to determine absorbed dose from a variety of radiation qualities. Electrons released in ionizations are trapped at crystallographic point defects in luminescent materials over long time scales. These defects can be produced intentionally by doping of the crystal. Luminescence emission from the material may be trig-gered by thermal stimulation and used as a measure of the absorbed dose that the sample has received since annealing. Thermoluminescence (TL) intensity can be measured using a photo-multiplier tube. There is no doubt that the commercial development of an extended variety of solid TLDs, hot pressed and extruded ribbons, chips and rods, throw-away capsules, and Teflon™ discs, which can routinely yield 3% precision of measurement, have greatly influenced the acceptance of TLDs in many areas of scientific research (Horowitz, 1981). The most widely used class of TL materials is based on LiF, which provides a good compromise between the desired dosimetric properties (Furetta, 2003). The effective atomic number of LiF (8.14) is sufficiently close to that of biological tissue (7.4) so as to provide a response, which varies only slightly with photon en-ergy. It can thus be considered as tissue-equivalent for gamma and X rays. The most common intentional dopants in commercially available LiF TLDs are Mg and Ti. However, the TL proper-ties of LiF:Mg,Ti are dependent to a very significant extent on the details of the method of preparation. The TLDs used by the Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics (ATI) in the Matroshka-2 Kibō experiment were produced on request by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (former Harshaw Chemi-cal Co.). LiF:Mg,Ti dosemeters are known as TLD-100, TLD-600 and TLD-700, depending on their preparation from natural LiF or LiF enriched with 6Li or 7Li, respectively: 95.6% 6Li and 4.4% 7Li for TLD-600, 0.01% 6Li and 99.99% 7Li for TLD-700. In the single-crystal method, lithium fluo-ride (106 parts by weight), magnesium fluoride (MgF2, 400 parts by weight), lithium cryolite (Li3AlF6, 200 parts by weight) and lithium titanium fluoride (Li2TiF6, 55 parts by weight) were mixed in a graphite crucible. The mixture was placed in a nitrogen-atmosphere oven to grow a single crystal by the Czochralski method at a temperature sufficiently high to obtain a homoge-neous fusion mixture. The mixture was then slowly moved to a lower temperature zone to allow progressive solidification (about 15 mm/h). Once the material was cooled, it was crushed and sieved between 60 and 200 µm. The resulting LiF powder was pressed at 3.5 to 108 Pa at a temperature of 700°C, pushing the mixture with a piston through a hole, which acted as a die. The bars obtained were cut into sections to prepare pellets of uniform size (3.2 mm × 3.2 mm × 0.89 mm), and finally the faces of the pelletized chips were polished. In order to avoid inhomogeneity of TLD response due to variation of dopant concentrations, the LiF:Mg,Ti extruded chips were requested from the same manufacturer’s batch (Table 2-1).
Table 2-1 | Matroshka-2 Kibō TLD materials. The dosimeter set provided by ATI included TLD phosphors with different response to the space radiation environment.
Phosphor Trade name Size (mm³) Batch no. Annealing 6LiF:Mg,Ti TLD-600 3.2×3.2×0.89 S-4545 (S-1) 1 h at 400°C, slow cooling 7LiF:Mg,Ti TLD-700 3.2×3.2×0.89 S-4762 (S-1) 1 h at 400°C, slow cooling
Page 19 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
2.2 TLD Annealing and Readout
Annealing of the employed TLDs at 400°C was always conducted in air using a calibrated Heraeus KM 170 furnace. The detector chips were subject to controlled slow cooling to room temperature (~24 h) in the furnace. The glow curves were read out by contact heating on a nickel chromium austentitic alloy (Nikrothal 80) planchet from room temperature to a maximum temperature of 480°C, at a linear heating rate of 5°C/s. To minimize spurious chemi- and tribo-luminescence, the measurement chamber was first evacuated to ~2.6 Pa and during readout flooded with ultra-pure (5.0) dry nitrogen gas. The in-house developed TL-DAT.II reader em-ploys photon counting using a Thorn EMI 9635 QB photomultiplier tube (PMT) with a bialkali photocathode. In order to attenuate the light incident on the PMT, neutral optical filters (NG3, NG5) were used for doses above 20 mGy. Subtraction of the residual background, comprised primarily of electronic noise and black-body radiation, was achieved by an exponential fit with a constant offset, which proved superior to experimental assessment of the residuum. Since LiF:Mg,Ti emits mainly in the visible range, the black-body background could be minimized through an optical-grade Corning Blue filter.
2.3 Pre- and Post-flight Calibration
In order to determine the detector response, allow for pre-selection of individual TLD chips ac-cording to sensitivity and verify constant detection properties with time, the TLD batches used for the Matroshka-2 Kibō mission were calibrated pre- and post-flight. TLD irradiations were conducted using a 137Cs source available at ATI (which was employed also for TLD initialisation) and the Philips Theratron 780C 60Co teletherapy unit at the Department of Radiotherapy of the Medical University of Vienna (Figure 2-1). At the latter facility, irradiations have been performed at a distance of 4.5 m from the source, the collimators being set to a field size of 2×2 m2 at the detector site. The TLD chips were kept in dedicated polystyrene holders, with the cover plate being sufficiently thick to approximate as close as possible secondary particle equilibrium. A reference standard for absorbed dose to water was established using ionization chamber measurements. The applied 0.6 cm3 NE Technology Farmer 2570/1B chamber was calibrated against the secondary standard maintained in the EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 accredited Dosimetry Laboratory Seibersdorf.
Figure 2-1 | Philips Theratron 780C. The 60Co teletherapy unit at the Department of Radiotherapy of the Medical University of Vienna was used for pre- and post-flight calibration of the Matroshka-2 Kibō TLD batches.
Page 20 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
2.4 TL Fading Characteristics
In order to investigate the magnitude of TL fading, i.e. the loss of TL output with time, ATI, DLR and the Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics (IFJ) of the Polish Academy of Sci-ences (PAN) initiated a dedicated experimental campaign. For each irradiation at the EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 accredited Laboratory for Calibration of Dosimetric Instruments at IFJ-PAN in Kra-kow, Poland, two identical TLD badges, each consisting of five TLD-600 and five TLD-700 chips, were used. One of them was stored in a lead-shielded container at room temperature, the other one in a freezer. Temperature was monitored carefully and recorded over time, the average amounting to 18.4°C and −17.2°C, respectively. Irradiations were always carried out at room temperature. Dedicated control badges were used to assess the dose from environmental background radiation, which was then subtracted from the reading of the irradiated TLDs. Dosemeter badges were exposed at different times (4 January 2010, 19 August 2010 and 24 March 2011) to an absorbed dose of 40 mGy from a 137Cs gamma-ray source. Calibration of the source was realized using a 30 cm3 ionization chamber that is directly traceable to the Polish primary standard. Figure 2-2 shows the TLD-600 and TLD-700 response for storage at room temperature and in the freezer, normalized to the most recent irradiation, for which no signifi-cant fading was expected. Taking into account statistical uncertainties, no fading effect could be observed, except for the badges irradiated at the earliest occasion on 4 January 2010 that have been stored at room temperature. However, it might be concluded that at least for the exposure period of the Matroshka-2 Kibō experiment fading is insignificant. Further TLD badges of the same composition were subject to six sequential gamma irradiations at a dose level of 4 mGy (exposure dates: 6 January 2010, 19 March 2010, 20 August 2010, 29 October 2010, 28 December 2010 and 24 March 2011), amounting to a total absorbed dose of 24 mGy. This particular scenario certainly came closer to the conditions of a space experiment, in which the dosemeters are continuously exposed to cosmic radiation. The doses read from both of the badges stored at room temperature and in the freezer, agreed within the statistical uncertainty with the nominal value of exposure of 24 mGy. This result confirmed the previous findings and demonstrated that fading is not an issue for the Matroshka-2 Kibō experiment.
Figure 2-2 | Fading study of TLD response. The dosemeter badges were exposed at different times to an ab-sorbed dose of 40 mGy from a 137Cs gamma-ray source and stored at room temperature and in a freezer, respective-ly. TL response was normalized to the most recent irradiation, for which no significant fading was expected.
Page 21 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
2.5 Charged Particle Response
TL response to heavy charged particles (HCPs) prevailing in the space radiation environment is significantly different from the response to gamma rays that are commonly employed for dosemeter calibration. While it is virtually impossible to simulate every detail of the charge and energy spectrum of all cosmic-ray components by a single terrestrial facility, it was plausible to mimic the major aspects of the cosmic radiation climate. The use of ground-based particle ac-celerator facilities had a number of advantages over space-born experiments. In a space exper-iment, the samples are always exposed to the full spectrum of charged particles and to the sec-ondary neutron component created when these particles interact with the mass of the space-craft and its contents. In a ground-based experiment, monoenergetic ion beams could be used, permitting investigation of the sample response to a small but well-defined subset of the space radiation environment. Additionally and perhaps most significantly, execution of ground-based research programmes can be carried out at a small fraction of the cost of spaceflight experi-ments. Well-defined high-energy charged-particle fields were available from the following ac-celerator facilities, access to which was granted free of charge on the basis of long-established co-operations and/or research grants:
• Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (HIMAC), Chiba, Japan
• NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), Brookhaven, NY, U.S.A.
• National Cancer Centre (NCC) Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
• National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS)-930 Cyclotron, Chiba, Japan
• Heavy-Ion Synchrotron (SIS), Darmstadt, Germany. The following particles and nominal energies have been used to study the TL detector re-sponse to densely ionizing radiation:
• Proton (1H1+): 30, 50, 70, 200, 235 and 450 MeV
• Helium (2H4+): 50 MeV/u
• Carbon (12C6+): 400 MeV/u
• Neon (20Ne10+): 230 MeV/u
• Silicon (28Si14+): 490 MeV/u
• Argon (40Ar20+): 500 MeV/u
• Iron (56Fe26+): 500 and 1000 MeV/u. The particle energy and ionization density at the target, characterized by the linear energy transfer (LET), could be varied in a wide range by passing the beam through polymethyl meth-acrylate (PMMA) binary filters of adjustable thickness. Because of the lack of existing experi-mental data, particular attention has been paid to protons, which are the most abundant parti-cles in the cosmic-ray charge spectrum. From theoretical considerations, it was expected that TL response with respect to 60Co gamma rays exceeded unity, and there was good reason to as-sume that this effect might be batch dependent. Calibrations using protons have therefore been essential to quantify precisely the TL over-response, evaluate the contribution of different ion species to the measured TL signal and facilitate later convolution of experimental data from TLDs and plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs) contained in the Matroshka organ and poncho boxes.
Page 22 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
The measured relative TL response to a variety of charged particles and energies is given nu-merically in Table 2-2 for the TLD types employed in the Matroshka-2 Kibō experiment. The en-tries are based on a large number of individual measurements using five to eight TLD chips from each type. The observed behaviour of HCP TL efficiency with respect to gamma rays as a function of LET is connected with the dose response of the analysed glow peaks at high gam-ma-ray doses, which produce a similar microscopic dose distribution as low doses of densely ionizing particles. The over-response at proton energies of several ten MeV arises because a significant fraction of the local dose along the proton track lies in the supralinear region of the gamma-ray dose response. Similarly, the sharply decreasing efficiency for LET > 10 keV/µm is related to sublinear, saturation-like behaviour. A microdosimetric approach (Waligórski et al., 1986) approximated the radial dose distribution, D (r), along the particle track as
(2.1)
where Z* is the effective charge, v the particle’s velocity and c the speed of light in vacuum. For the same value of LET, the velocity of a particle with greater charge must be higher, leading to lower local ionization density and, consequently, to higher relative TL efficiency (Olko, 2007). As an example, TLD-700 relative efficiency is plotted over LET in Figure 2-3. It is evident that batch effects can be excluded as the recent measurements using the Matroshka-2 Kibō TLD batches fit excellently into the calibration data for other batches (Berger & Hajek, 2008a).
Figure 2-3 | TLD-700 relative efficiency for heavy charged particles. The measured response of the Matroshka-2 Kibō batch (coloured symbols) is plotted over LET and fits excellently into the calibration data collected for other batches (grey symbols).
D(r )! Z *2
(v /c )2r 2
Page 23 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 2-2 | Heavy charged particle TL efficiency. TL response with respect to 60Co gamma rays has been meas-ured for TLD-600 and TLD-700 using a variety of ion beams and energies available from ground-based accelerator facilities as substitute for the cosmic-ray spectrum.
Particle type LET∞ H2O (keV/µm) Glow peak 5 TL efficiency w.r.t. 60Co gamma rays 6LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-600) 7LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-700)
Proton 0.3 ± 0.0 0.972 ± 0.035 0.970 ± 0.053
0.5 ± 0.0 1.039 ± 0.031 1.041 ± 0.021
1.0 ± 0.0 1.106 ± 0.044 1.120 ± 0.450
1.3 ± 0.1 1.165 ± 0.012 1.176 ± 0.033
2.1 ± 0.1 1.025 ± 0.027 1.091 ± 0.024
Helium 2.2 ± 0.0 1.147 ± 0.041 1.144 ± 0.053
3.1 ± 0.0 1.103 ± 0.068 1.144 ± 0.042
4.9 ± 0.1 1.035 ± 0.028 1.106 ± 0.021
5.7 ± 0.3 1.007 ± 0.015 1.065 ± 0.037
6.9 ± 0.4 0.963 ± 0.034 0.954 ± 0.042
8.3 ± 3.0 0.847 ± 0.010 0.848 ± 0.033
Carbon 11.0 ± 0.0 0.970 ± 0.023 0.958 ± 0.019
18.9 ± 0.2 0.854 ± 0.021 0.838 ± 0.046
30.3 ± 0.9 0.738 ± 0.025 0.737 ± 0.045
37.2 ± 3.0 0.697 ± 0.017 0.708 ± 0.009
Neon 46.2 ± 0.1 0.620 ± 0.025 0.598 ± 0.018
70.0 ± 0.3 0.588 ± 0.009 0.563 ± 0.014
92.9 ± 1.5 0.566 ± 0.031 0.537 ± 0.024
123.5 ± 6.0 0.558 ± 0.036 0.523 ± 0.030
Silicon 55.0 ± 0.1 0.613 ± 0.017 0.598 ± 0.029
74.2 ± 0.4 0.544 ± 0.027 0.560 ± 0.020
130.2 ± 2.0 0.540 ± 0.011 0.547 ± 0.014
151.4 ± 5.0 0.538 ± 0.011 0.536 ± 0.024
Argon 96.4 ± 0.2 0.573 ± 0.010 0.537 ± 0.011
140.8 ± 2.1 0.555 ± 0.010 0.528 ± 0.017
180.2 ± 1.5 0.535 ± 0.005 0.515 ± 0.010
315.9 ± 5.0 0.534 ± 0.029 0.487 ± 0.027
Iron 199.7 ± 2.3 0.490 ± 0.014 0.490 ± 0.011
266.7 ± 3.1 0.472 ± 0.009 0.475 ± 0.026
332.9 ± 7.6 0.454 ± 0.010 0.485 ± 0.018
401.4 ± 15.8 0.442 ± 0.010 0.456 ± 0.009
Page 24 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
3 MATROSHKA-2 KIBŌ EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The broad range of particles and energies encountered in the space radiation environment im-plies that no single detector system is capable of providing sufficient information for reliable radiation risk projection. The Matroshka-2 Kibō experiment applied a variety of active and pas-sive detector systems, which complemented each other. Participation of ATI-TUW comprised TLD measurements in every second slice of the Matroshka phantom as well as dedicated detec-tor boxes deployed at specific organ sites (eye, lung, stomach, kidney, intestine and on top of the head) and in the poncho. The total number of LiF:Mg,Ti TLDs provided for the experiment accounted to 1,110 chips with different Li isotope enrichment (TLD-600 and TLD-700), sized 3.2 mm × 3.2 mm × 0.89 mm. TLD-600 and TLD-700 show almost identical responses to pho-tons and charged particles, but very different neutron efficiencies at energies below 200 keV (Hajek et al., 2000). Analysis of doses obtained from TLD-600 and TLD-700 arranged in paired configuration therefore indicated the presence of slow neutrons, reliably discriminating against other radiations (Hajek et al., 2002). The evaluated absorbed doses were corrected for the ambient background dose accumulated during transport and storage of the detectors on ground and on board the ISS, when the dosemeters had not yet been installed in the Matroshka phantom or already been removed from the facility. The ambient background dose was assessed by means of separate dosemeter badges stored on board and shipped along with the Matroshka TLD set. Since detector installa-tion took place only six days after launch and download to ground was accomplished six days after disintegration, the dose to be subtracted from the Matroshka TLD reading is minor: 3.68 ± 0.14 mGy for TLD-600 and 3.01 ± 0.17 mGy for TLD-700, respectively.
3.1 Matroshka Tubes
ATI-TUW supplied detector tubes equipped with a total number of 942 TLD-600 and TLD-700 chips in paired configuration, which were installed in 14 of the 33 slices of the Matroshka torso. TLD arrangement is illustrated in the technical drawings reproduced in the Annex (Figure A-1 to Figure A-14). The Matroshka coordinate system is illustrated in Figure 3-1, with the origin being represented by the central rod, along which the slices are stapled, the abscissa (x) oriented latero-laterally and the ordinate (y) pointing in antero-posterior direction. The z axis runs from top to bottom. The dosemeters were read out and evaluated in the ATI-TUW laboratory according to the pro-tocols outlined in Chapter 2. The distribution of absorbed dose rate measured in the Matroshka slices with TLD-600 and TLD-700 is given numerically in Table 3-1 to Table 3-14 and compared in a three-dimensional plot with results from DLR and IFJ-PAN (Figure 3-2). The excellent agreement of the data obtained individually by different laboratories is also evident from the xy-, xz- and yz-projections of Figure 3-3 to Figure 3-5.
Page 25 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure 3-1 | Matroshka coordinate system. The measured response of the Matroshka-2 Kibō batch (coloured symbols) is plotted over LET and fits excellently into the calibration data collected for other batches (grey symbols).
Table 3-1 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 3. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
3 A1 269 63.5 15.6 65.0 0.303 0.218
A2 110 63.5 41.0 65.0 0.304 0.230
3 B1 261 38.1 -35.2 65.0 0.326 0.210
B2 267 38.1 -9.8 65.0 0.333 0.208
B3 289 38.1 15.6 65.0 0.342 0.201
B4 287 38.1 41.0 65.0 0.314 0.208
B5 262 38.1 66.4 65.0 0.301 0.241
3 C1 138 12.7 41.0 65.0 0.332 0.202
C2 276 12.7 66.4 65.0 0.309 0.232
3 D1 245 -12.7 41.0 65.0 0.333 0.204
D2 73 -12.7 66.4 65.0 0.302 0.222
3 E1 300 -38.1 -9.8 65.0 0.333 0.214
E2 81 -38.1 15.6 65.0 0.322 0.200
E3 291 -38.1 41.0 65.0 0.313 0.212
E4 272 -38.1 66.4 65.0 0.308 0.234
3 F1 63 -63.5 -9.8 65.0 0.328 0.218
F2 58 -63.5 15.6 65.0 0.339 0.224
F3 258 -63.5 41.0 65.0 0.362 0.234
Page 26 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-2 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 7. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
7 A1 119 38.1 -35.2 165.0 0.318 0.228
A2 56 38.1 -9.8 165.0 0.325 0.217
A3 66 38.1 15.6 165.0 0.322 0.222
7 B1 200 -12.7 -73.3 165.0 0.317 0.223
B2 202 12.7 -73.3 165.0 0.318 0.224
7 C1 17 -12.7 41.0 165.0 0.326 0.244
C2 108 12.7 41.0 165.0 0.341 0.257
7 D1 260 -12.7 -47.9 165.0 0.345 0.225
D2 284 12.7 -47.9 165.0 0.352 0.223
7 E1 68 -38.1 -35.2 165.0 0.329 0.216
E2 268 -38.1 -9.8 165.0 0.341 0.219
E3 274 -38.1 15.6 165.0 0.351 0.226
Table 3-3 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 11. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
11 A1 15 88.9 -10.0 265.0 0.314 0.219
A2 247 88.9 15.4 265.0 0.341 0.212
A3 281 88.9 40.8 265.0 0.350 0.226
A4 48 88.9 66.2 265.0 0.301 0.235
11 C1 220 38.1 -10.0 265.0 0.371 0.226
C2 138 38.1 15.4 265.0 0.341 0.237
C3 121 38.1 40.8 265.0 0.339 0.223
C4 94 38.1 66.2 265.0 0.344 0.234
11 E2 237 -12.7 91.6 265.0 0.338 0.254
E4 263 38.1 91.6 265.0 0.344 N/A
11 F1 61 -12.7 40.8 265.0 0.338 0.216
F2 90 -12.7 66.2 265.0 0.327 0.226
11 H1 160 -63.5 -10.0 265.0 0.349 0.227
H2 241 -63.5 15.4 265.0 0.357 0.226
H3 137 -63.5 40.8 265.0 0.337 0.240
H4 222 -63.5 66.2 265.0 0.325 0.237
Page 27 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-4 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 13. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
13 A1 299 139.7 -10.0 315.0 0.335 0.218
A2 297 139.7 15.4 315.0 0.334 0.207
A3 231 139.7 40.8 315.0 0.338 0.217
A4 116 139.7 66.2 315.0 0.315 0.232
13 C1 188 88.9 -35.4 315.0 0.348 0.225
C2 266 88.9 -10.0 315.0 0.368 0.212
C3 141 88.9 15.4 315.0 0.333 0.215
C4 235 88.9 40.8 315.0 0.342 0.227
C5 50 88.9 66.2 315.0 0.316 0.218
C6 265 88.9 91.6 315.0 0.327 0.240
13 E1 216 38.1 -35.4 315.0 0.372 0.211
E2 189 38.1 -10.0 315.0 0.331 0.224
E3 70 38.1 15.4 315.0 0.346 0.215
E4 92 38.1 40.8 315.0 0.338 0.218
E5 152 38.1 66.2 315.0 0.329 0.236
E6 67 38.1 91.6 315.0 0.337 0.253
13 F1 204 -12.7 -60.8 315.0 0.401 0.246
13 H1 120 -12.7 -35.4 315.0 0.413 0.234
13 I1 111 -12.7 40.8 315.0 0.360 0.219
I2 282 -12.7 66.2 315.0 0.331 0.211
I3 250 -12.7 91.6 315.0 0.331 0.238
13 L1 279 -63.5 -35.4 315.0 0.343 0.222
L2 172 -63.5 -10.0 315.0 0.344 0.216
L3 238 -63.5 15.4 315.0 0.326 0.228
L4 197 -63.5 40.8 315.0 0.330 0.221
L5 139 -63.5 66.2 315.0 0.322 0.238
L6 294 -63.5 91.6 315.0 0.331 0.238
13 N1 264 -114.3 -35.4 315.0 0.315 0.224
N2 219 -114.3 -10.0 315.0 0.336 0.208
N3 22 -114.3 15.4 315.0 0.339 0.214
N4 239 -114.3 40.8 315.0 0.345 0.213
N5 205 -114.3 66.2 315.0 0.303 0.224
Page 28 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-5 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 15. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
15 A1 89 139.7 -35.4 365.0 0.341 0.215
A2 207 139.7 -10.0 365.0 0.350 0.212
A3 233 139.7 15.4 365.0 0.352 0.216
A4 124 139.7 40.8 365.0 0.343 0.212
A5 234 139.7 66.2 365.0 0.359 0.232
15 C1 104 88.9 -60.8 365.0 0.348 0.213
C2 246 88.9 -35.4 365.0 0.359 0.225
C3 34 88.9 -10.0 365.0 0.359 0.215
C4 55 88.9 15.4 365.0 0.348 0.225
C5 102 88.9 40.8 365.0 0.363 0.219
C6 106 88.9 66.2 365.0 0.361 0.214
C7 114 88.9 91.6 365.0 0.348 0.231
15 E1 249 38.1 -60.8 365.0 0.362 0.213
E2 273 38.1 -35.4 365.0 0.379 0.211
E3 126 38.1 -10.0 365.0 0.336 0.209
E4 283 38.1 15.4 365.0 0.356 0.212
E5 292 38.1 40.8 365.0 0.342 0.211
E6 53 38.1 66.2 365.0 0.339 0.217
E7 52 38.1 91.6 365.0 0.348 0.225
15 H1 158 -12.7 -60.8 365.0 0.344 0.211
H2 298 -12.7 -35.4 365.0 0.351 0.202
15 I1 98 -12.7 40.8 365.0 0.355 0.194
I2 240 -12.7 66.2 365.0 0.326 0.206
I3 271 -12.7 91.6 365.0 0.350 0.214
15 L1 295 -63.5 40.8 365.0 0.329 0.213
L2 64 -63.5 66.2 365.0 0.339 0.222
L3 97 -63.5 91.6 365.0 0.321 0.237
15 N1 101 -114.3 -35.4 365.0 0.339 0.208
N2 255 -114.3 -10.0 365.0 0.340 0.200
N3 146 -114.3 15.4 365.0 0.330 0.194
N4 280 -114.3 40.8 365.0 0.323 0.204
N5 228 -114.3 66.2 365.0 0.322 0.203
N6 194 -114.3 91.6 365.0 0.320 0.241
Page 29 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-6 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 17. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
17 A1 93 139.7 -10.0 415.0 0.324 0.226
A2 42 139.7 15.4 415.0 0.328 0.236
A3 242 139.7 40.8 415.0 0.331 0.233
A4 145 139.7 66.2 415.0 0.319 0.244
17 C1 36 88.9 -60.8 415.0 0.349 0.222
C2 232 88.9 -35.4 415.0 0.351 0.227
C3 37 88.9 -10.0 415.0 0.348 0.203
C4 244 88.9 15.4 415.0 0.339 0.225
C5 149 88.9 40.8 415.0 0.342 0.241
C6 123 88.9 66.2 415.0 0.340 0.238
C7 163 88.9 91.6 415.0 0.356 0.238
17 E1 49 38.1 -86.2 415.0 0.324 0.223
E2 213 38.1 -60.8 415.0 0.352 0.221
E3 46 38.1 -35.4 415.0 0.339 0.204
E4 201 38.1 -10.0 415.0 0.355 0.209
E5 170 38.1 15.4 415.0 0.350 0.195
E6 105 38.1 40.8 415.0 0.334 0.211
E7 118 38.1 66.2 415.0 0.337 0.223
E8 79 38.1 91.6 415.0 0.330 0.227
17 H1 11 -12.7 -86.2 415.0 0.330 0.226
H2 75 -12.7 -60.8 415.0 0.340 0.213
H3 191 -12.7 -35.4 415.0 0.349 0.201
17 I1 76 -12.7 40.8 415.0 0.313 0.189
I2 112 -12.7 66.2 415.0 0.312 0.203
I3 23 -12.7 91.6 415.0 0.308 0.220
17 L1 107 -63.5 -60.8 415.0 0.346 0.210
L2 16 -63.5 -35.4 415.0 0.326 0.209
L3 134 -63.5 -10.0 415.0 0.321 0.202
L4 227 -63.5 15.4 415.0 0.309 0.197
L5 236 -63.5 40.8 415.0 0.318 0.197
L6 45 -63.5 66.2 415.0 0.307 0.216
L7 71 -63.5 91.6 415.0 0.343 0.226
17 N1 218 -114.3 -60.8 415.0 0.310 0.201
N2 159 -114.3 -35.4 415.0 0.304 0.198
N3 84 -114.3 -10.0 415.0 0.311 0.207
N4 154 -114.3 15.4 415.0 0.296 0.192
N5 60 -114.3 40.8 415.0 0.325 0.209
N6 243 -114.3 66.2 415.0 0.304 0.212
N7 147 -114.3 91.6 415.0 0.317 0.234
Page 30 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-7 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 19. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
19 B1 20 88.9 -60.8 465.0 0.331 0.238
B2 143 88.9 -35.4 465.0 0.354 0.207
B3 130 88.9 -10.0 465.0 0.331 0.205
B4 142 88.9 15.4 465.0 0.307 0.216
B5 198 88.9 40.8 465.0 0.327 0.216
B6 150 88.9 66.2 465.0 0.320 0.221
B7 140 88.9 91.6 465.0 0.323 0.240
19 D1 135 38.1 -60.8 465.0 0.321 0.220
D2 206 38.1 -35.4 465.0 0.347 0.210
D3 69 38.1 -10.0 465.0 0.351 0.193
D4 214 38.1 15.4 465.0 0.338 0.201
D5 122 38.1 40.8 465.0 0.321 0.197
D6 72 38.1 66.2 465.0 0.337 0.221
D7 6 38.1 91.6 465.0 0.313 0.231
19 G1 212 -12.7 -60.8 465.0 0.326 0.208
G2 47 -12.7 -35.4 465.0 0.331 0.189
19 H1 8 -12.7 40.8 465.0 0.306 0.196
H2 21 -12.7 66.2 465.0 0.317 0.198
H3 209 -12.7 91.6 465.0 0.318 0.230
19 K1 51 -63.5 -60.8 465.0 0.340 0.217
K2 12 -63.5 -35.4 465.0 0.349 0.214
K3 19 -63.5 -10.0 465.0 0.328 0.222
K4 2 -63.5 15.4 465.0 0.324 0.200
K5 192 -63.5 40.8 465.0 0.344 0.217
K6 173 -63.5 66.2 465.0 0.305 0.214
K7 293 -63.5 91.6 465.0 0.319 0.239
19 M1 85 -114.3 -35.4 465.0 0.334 0.214
M2 59 -114.3 -10.0 465.0 0.326 0.208
M3 33 -114.3 15.4 465.0 0.320 0.218
M4 171 -114.3 40.8 465.0 0.318 0.224
M5 74 -114.3 66.2 465.0 0.320 0.223
M6 32 -114.3 91.6 465.0 0.325 0.234
Page 31 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-8 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 21. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
21 B1 9 88.9 -35.4 515.0 0.345 0.206
B2 91 88.9 -10.0 515.0 0.357 0.220
B3 217 88.9 15.4 515.0 0.345 0.209
B4 14 88.9 40.8 515.0 0.364 0.214
B5 248 88.9 66.2 515.0 0.326 0.218
B6 224 88.9 91.6 515.0 0.321 0.244
21 D1 196 38.1 -60.8 515.0 0.342 0.221
D2 31 38.1 -35.4 515.0 0.341 0.188
D3 7 38.1 -10.0 515.0 0.337 0.195
D4 30 38.1 15.4 515.0 0.345 0.190
D5 251 38.1 40.8 515.0 0.325 0.197
D6 195 38.1 66.2 515.0 0.326 0.202
D7 164 38.1 91.6 515.0 0.323 0.229
21 G1 288 -12.7 -60.8 515.0 0.347 0.210
G2 168 -12.7 -35.4 515.0 0.352 0.204
21 H1 148 -12.7 40.8 515.0 0.325 0.200
H2 41 -12.7 66.2 515.0 0.309 0.207
H3 13 -12.7 91.6 515.0 0.320 0.227
21 K1 162 -63.5 -60.8 515.0 0.344 0.212
K2 278 -63.5 -35.4 515.0 0.313 0.193
K3 174 -63.5 -10.0 515.0 0.326 0.198
K4 185 -63.5 15.4 515.0 0.305 0.192
K5 40 -63.5 40.8 515.0 0.313 0.203
K6 178 -63.5 66.2 515.0 0.317 0.201
K7 131 -63.5 91.6 515.0 0.303 0.217
21 M1 80 -114.3 -35.4 515.0 0.326 0.217
M2 38 -114.3 -10.0 515.0 0.330 0.202
M3 99 -114.3 15.4 515.0 0.314 0.207
M4 127 -114.3 40.8 515.0 0.315 0.209
M5 86 -114.3 66.2 515.0 0.308 0.218
M6 277 -114.3 91.6 515.0 0.313 0.236
Page 32 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-9 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 23. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
23 B1 221 88.9 -35.4 565.0 0.348 0.227
B2 27 88.9 -10.0 565.0 0.370 0.214
B3 208 88.9 15.4 565.0 0.342 0.211
B4 10 88.9 40.8 565.0 0.349 0.211
B5 117 88.9 66.2 565.0 0.357 0.233
B6 115 88.9 91.6 565.0 0.333 0.234
23 D1 3 38.1 -60.8 565.0 0.360 0.215
D2 77 38.1 -35.4 565.0 0.361 0.217
D3 193 38.1 -10.0 565.0 0.374 0.203
D4 166 38.1 15.4 565.0 0.338 0.188
D5 57 38.1 40.8 565.0 0.328 0.211
D6 290 38.1 66.2 565.0 0.356 0.207
D7 1 38.1 91.6 565.0 0.312 0.227
23 G1 65 -12.7 -60.8 565.0 0.377 0.229
G2 177 -12.7 -35.4 565.0 0.366 0.195
23 H1 161 -12.7 40.8 565.0 0.313 0.211
H2 254 -12.7 66.2 565.0 0.308 0.204
H3 5 -12.7 91.6 565.0 0.316 0.224
23 K1 169 -63.5 -60.8 565.0 0.344 0.223
K2 24 -63.5 -35.4 565.0 0.358 0.210
K3 211 -63.5 -10.0 565.0 0.354 0.205
K4 128 -63.5 15.4 565.0 0.345 0.197
K5 252 -63.5 40.8 565.0 0.323 0.202
K6 96 -63.5 66.2 565.0 0.321 0.205
K7 100 -63.5 91.6 565.0 0.321 0.239
23 M1 167 -114.3 -10.0 565.0 0.333 0.218
M2 78 -114.3 15.4 565.0 0.324 0.208
M3 184 -114.3 40.8 565.0 0.309 0.211
M4 176 -114.3 66.2 565.0 0.306 0.226
Page 33 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-10 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 25. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
25 B1 28 88.9 -35.4 615.0 0.362 0.235
B2 109 88.9 -10.0 615.0 0.377 0.230
B3 259 88.9 15.4 615.0 0.340 0.206
B4 18 88.9 40.8 615.0 0.358 0.216
B5 144 88.9 66.2 615.0 0.336 0.224
B6 153 88.9 91.6 615.0 0.344 0.251
25 D1 296 38.1 -60.8 615.0 0.347 0.239
D2 285 38.1 -35.4 615.0 0.353 0.209
D3 44 38.1 -10.0 615.0 0.374 0.190
D4 129 38.1 15.4 615.0 0.329 0.197
D5 225 38.1 40.8 615.0 0.323 0.184
D6 95 38.1 66.2 615.0 0.326 0.175
D7 43 38.1 91.6 615.0 0.330 0.199
25 G1 132 -12.7 -60.8 615.0 0.367 0.195
G2 257 -12.7 -35.4 615.0 0.363 0.201
25 H1 62 -12.7 40.8 615.0 0.326 0.188
H2 286 -12.7 66.2 615.0 0.317 0.181
H3 215 -12.7 91.6 615.0 0.303 0.207
25 K1 39 -63.5 -60.8 615.0 0.340 0.213
K2 270 -63.5 -35.4 615.0 0.350 0.201
K3 156 -63.5 -10.0 615.0 0.410 0.192
K4 229 -63.5 15.4 615.0 0.343 0.188
K5 253 -63.5 40.8 615.0 0.336 0.185
K6 199 -63.5 66.2 615.0 0.296 0.191
K7 113 -63.5 91.6 615.0 0.312 0.206
25 M1 226 -114.3 -10.0 615.0 0.343 0.215
M2 157 -114.3 15.4 615.0 0.325 0.216
M3 88 -114.3 40.8 615.0 0.318 0.209
M4 306 -114.3 66.2 615.0 0.296 0.228
Page 34 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-11 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 27. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
27 B1 310 88.9 -35.4 665.0 0.303 0.211
B2 308 88.9 -10.0 665.0 0.328 0.191
B3 256 88.9 15.4 665.0 0.360 0.200
B4 165 88.9 40.8 665.0 0.338 0.212
B5 210 88.9 66.2 665.0 0.345 0.189
B6 181 88.9 91.6 665.0 0.315 0.234
27 D1 179 38.1 -60.8 665.0 0.352 0.213
D2 29 38.1 -35.4 665.0 0.350 0.188
D3 103 38.1 -10.0 665.0 0.340 0.195
D4 83 38.1 15.4 665.0 0.373 0.237
D5 190 38.1 40.8 665.0 0.334 0.196
D6 182 38.1 66.2 665.0 0.336 0.192
D7 302 38.1 91.6 665.0 0.327 0.200
27 F1 183 -63.5 117.0 665.0 0.280 N/A
F3 180 -12.7 117.0 665.0 0.326 N/A
F5 275 38.1 117.0 665.0 0.443 0.250
27 H1 26 -12.7 -60.8 665.0 0.356 0.208
H2 312 -12.7 -35.4 665.0 0.353 0.200
27 I1 223 -12.7 40.8 665.0 0.303 0.179
I2 203 -12.7 66.2 665.0 0.315 0.182
I3 309 -12.7 91.6 665.0 0.313 0.207
27 L1 304 -63.5 15.4 665.0 0.334 0.185
L2 315 -63.5 40.8 665.0 0.315 0.193
L3 82 -63.5 66.2 665.0 0.329 0.197
L4 303 -63.5 91.6 665.0 0.308 0.196
27 N1 125 -114.3 -10.0 665.0 0.336 0.222
N2 87 -114.3 15.4 665.0 0.297 0.216
N3 175 -114.3 40.8 665.0 0.342 0.207
N4 54 -114.3 66.2 665.0 0.325 0.212
Page 35 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-12 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 29. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
29 B1 155 88.9 -35.4 715.0 0.348 0.206
B2 151 88.9 -10.0 715.0 0.367 0.198
B3 320 88.9 15.4 715.0 0.332 0.187
B4 25 88.9 40.8 715.0 0.346 0.189
B5 317 88.9 66.2 715.0 0.323 0.198
B6 230 88.9 91.6 715.0 0.342 0.212
B7 316 88.9 117.0 715.0 0.343 0.238
29 D1 186 38.1 -60.8 715.0 0.327 0.202
D2 323 38.1 -35.4 715.0 0.350 0.199
D3 4 38.1 -10.0 715.0 0.367 0.202
D4 313 38.1 15.4 715.0 0.341 0.192
D5 324 38.1 40.8 715.0 0.324 0.179
D6 191 38.1 66.2 715.0 0.335 0.195
D7 305 38.1 91.6 715.0 0.314 0.196
D8 307 38.1 117.0 715.0 0.320 0.216
29 G1 327 -12.7 -60.8 715.0 0.320 0.209
G2 187 -12.7 -35.4 715.0 0.363 0.197
29 H1 314 -12.7 40.8 715.0 0.319 0.191
H2 328 -12.7 66.2 715.0 0.303 0.189
H3 322 -12.7 91.6 715.0 0.307 0.202
H4 301 -12.7 117.0 715.0 0.315 0.222
29 K1 326 -63.5 -35.4 715.0 0.332 0.199
K2 330 -63.5 -10.0 715.0 0.348 0.195
K3 318 -63.5 15.4 715.0 0.334 0.190
K4 325 -63.5 40.8 715.0 0.324 0.182
K5 329 -63.5 66.2 715.0 0.315 0.177
K6 321 -63.5 91.6 715.0 0.308 0.208
K7 319 -63.5 117.0 715.0 0.327 0.213
29 M1 136 -114.3 -10.0 715.0 0.333 0.213
M2 462 -114.3 15.4 715.0 0.323 0.209
M3 482 -114.3 40.8 715.0 0.314 0.204
M4 361 -114.3 66.2 715.0 0.270 0.206
M5 357 -114.3 91.6 715.0 0.310 0.216
Page 36 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-13 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 31. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
31 A1 494 139.7 15.4 765.0 0.308 0.220
A2 490 139.7 40.8 765.0 0.287 0.207
A3 497 139.7 66.2 765.0 0.314 0.227
31 C1 453 88.9 -35.4 765.0 0.339 0.210
C2 458 88.9 -10.0 765.0 0.342 0.208
C3 352 88.9 15.4 765.0 0.344 0.195
C4 468 88.9 40.8 765.0 0.316 0.188
C5 491 88.9 66.2 765.0 0.314 0.199
C6 351 88.9 91.6 765.0 0.312 0.193
C7 364 88.9 117.0 765.0 0.311 0.213
31 E1 451 38.1 -60.8 765.0 0.323 0.210
E2 480 38.1 -35.4 765.0 0.343 0.194
E3 461 38.1 -10.0 765.0 0.342 0.185
E4 452 38.1 15.4 765.0 0.335 0.182
E5 457 38.1 40.8 765.0 0.336 0.196
E6 465 38.1 66.2 765.0 0.293 0.195
E7 402 38.1 91.6 765.0 0.297 0.206
E8 401 38.1 117.0 765.0 0.297 0.214
31 H1 477 -12.7 -60.8 765.0 0.314 0.209
H2 500 -12.7 -35.4 765.0 0.345 0.196
31 I1 368 -12.7 40.8 765.0 0.316 0.181
I2 472 -12.7 66.2 765.0 0.320 0.187
I3 460 -12.7 91.6 765.0 0.313 0.203
I4 475 -12.7 117.0 765.0 0.315 0.221
31 L1 464 -63.5 -35.4 765.0 0.347 0.210
L2 496 -63.5 -10.0 765.0 0.337 0.209
L3 499 -63.5 15.4 765.0 0.330 0.194
L4 493 -63.5 40.8 765.0 0.336 0.201
L5 495 -63.5 66.2 765.0 0.288 0.195
L6 454 -63.5 91.6 765.0 0.317 0.192
L7 485 -63.5 117.0 765.0 0.323 0.208
31 N1 430 -114.3 -10.0 765.0 0.324 0.209
N2 478 -114.3 15.4 765.0 0.419 0.193
N3 445 -114.3 40.8 765.0 0.312 0.199
N4 488 -114.3 66.2 765.0 0.320 0.197
N5 455 -114.3 91.6 765.0 0.334 0.221
Page 37 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-14 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 33. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
33 A1 467 139.7 -10.0 815.0 0.299 0.224
A2 389 139.7 15.4 815.0 0.301 0.219
A3 367 139.7 40.8 815.0 0.301 0.220
A4 406 139.7 66.2 815.0 0.287 0.236
A5 456 139.7 91.6 815.0 0.297 0.241
33 C1 483 88.9 -35.4 815.0 0.308 0.234
C2 471 88.9 -10.0 815.0 0.323 0.212
C3 374 88.9 15.4 815.0 0.296 0.223
C4 498 88.9 40.8 815.0 0.291 0.221
C5 388 88.9 66.2 815.0 0.297 0.214
C6 463 88.9 91.6 815.0 0.322 0.221
C7 370 88.9 117.0 815.0 0.305 0.241
33 E1 487 38.1 -35.4 815.0 0.323 0.223
E2 417 38.1 -10.0 815.0 0.293 0.205
E3 484 38.1 15.4 815.0 0.289 0.194
E4 476 38.1 40.8 815.0 0.294 0.198
E5 474 38.1 66.2 815.0 0.285 0.197
E6 403 38.1 91.6 815.0 0.277 0.197
E7 470 38.1 117.0 815.0 0.297 0.228
33 F1 347 -12.7 -35.4 815.0 0.389 0.221
33 H1 486 -12.7 40.8 815.0 0.291 0.200
H2 436 -12.7 66.2 815.0 0.301 0.204
H3 397 -12.7 91.6 815.0 0.285 0.200
H4 309 -12.7 117.0 815.0 0.263 0.217
33 K1 442 -63.5 -35.4 815.0 0.311 0.212
K2 372 -63.5 -10.0 815.0 0.297 0.201
K3 343 -63.5 15.4 815.0 0.285 0.197
K4 469 -63.5 40.8 815.0 0.309 0.217
K5 466 -63.5 66.2 815.0 0.305 0.197
K6 415 -63.5 91.6 815.0 0.294 0.195
K7 373 -63.5 117.0 815.0 0.287 0.212
33 M1 398 -114.3 -35.4 815.0 0.310 0.222
M2 378 -114.3 -10.0 815.0 0.301 0.224
M3 433 -114.3 15.4 815.0 0.304 0.218
M4 381 -114.3 40.8 815.0 0.280 0.209
M5 416 -114.3 66.2 815.0 0.292 0.210
M6 394 -114.3 91.6 815.0 0.286 0.207
M7 426 -114.3 117.0 815.0 0.283 0.227
Page 38 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure 3-2 | Three-dimensional dose profile in the Matroshka phantom. The figures show the evolution of the absorbed dose rate distribution measured with TLDs from ATI (left), ATI and DLR (centre) and ATI, DLR and IFJ-PAN (right) at 1,597 points in a 2.54-cm orthogonal grid. Data from DLR and IFJ-PAN are preliminary. The back of the phantom was oriented towards the Kibō hull and shows significantly higher doses than the front.
Figure 3-3 | Projection of measured dose rates onto the xy-plane. The data evaluated individually by different laboratories are plotted as a function of the z coordinate (top to bottom).
Page 39 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure 3-4 | Projection of measured dose rates onto the xz-plane. The data evaluated individually by different laboratories are plotted as a function of the y coordinate (front to back).
Figure 3-5 | Projection of measured dose rates onto the yz-plane. The data evaluated individually by different laboratories are plotted as a function of the x coordinate (left to right).
The evaluated dose rates reveal a noticeable gradient of up to 35% from the outer towards the inner layers of the Matroshka phantom body. The dose rate was highest in the mid-back region where the phantom came closest to the spacecraft hull. Compared with previous missions ac-complished in Pirs and Zvezda, the neutron contribution in Kibō was significant, as can be seen from the different reading of the TLD-600 and TLD-700 detectors. The 60Co-equivalent neutron absorbed dose rate at energies below 200 keV was found to be as high as 0.160 mGy/d and, due to moderation of higher-energy neutrons, generally increased towards the centre of the body.
Page 40 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Analysis of the well-investigated LET-dependent high-temperature TL from TLD-600 and TLD-700 according to a method developed at ATI-TUW (Berger & Hajek, 2008b; Schöner et al., 1999) permitted obtaining information about radiation quality. Normalized to the glow peak 5-intensity and 60Co gamma-ray response (Hajek et al., 2006a, b), the so-called high-temperature ratio (HTR) exhibits a slope similar to that of the quality factor, when plotted over LET (Figure 3-6). Radiobiological experiments indeed revealed an empirical correlation of luminescence properties of alkali halides and biological endpoints, such as DNA strand breaks in human fibro-blasts (Fürweger et al., 2007), which not only confirms the validity of the high-temperature ratio as a tracer for the radiobiological effectiveness of a particular radiation field, but opens up promising opportunities for bioequivalent solid-state dosimetry. Analysis of the nanodosimetric response to different radiation modalities using track structure theory and general multi-target, multi-hit models made evident that the targets for radiation-induced effects in physical and bio-logical systems are of comparable size (Hajek, 2009).
Table 3-15 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 3. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
3 A1 269 63.5 15.6 65.0 3.113 1.460
A2 110 63.5 41.0 65.0 2.792 1.490
3 B1 261 38.1 -35.2 65.0 3.856 1.420
B2 267 38.1 -9.8 65.0 4.028 1.510
B3 289 38.1 15.6 65.0 3.973 1.509
B4 287 38.1 41.0 65.0 3.636 1.474
B5 262 38.1 66.4 65.0 2.801 1.473
3 C1 138 12.7 41.0 65.0 3.860 1.480
C2 276 12.7 66.4 65.0 3.293 1.506
3 D1 245 -12.7 41.0 65.0 3.857 1.497
D2 73 -12.7 66.4 65.0 3.257 1.469
3 E1 300 -38.1 -9.8 65.0 4.055 1.479
E2 81 -38.1 15.6 65.0 3.943 1.516
E3 291 -38.1 41.0 65.0 4.035 1.505
E4 272 -38.1 66.4 65.0 2.920 1.499
3 F1 63 -63.5 -9.8 65.0 3.188 1.440
F2 58 -63.5 15.6 65.0 3.102 1.484
F3 258 -63.5 41.0 65.0 2.792 1.521
Page 41 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-16 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 7. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
7 A1 119 38.1 -35.2 165.0 3.412 1.472
A2 56 38.1 -9.8 165.0 3.555 1.469
A3 66 38.1 15.6 165.0 3.329 1.446
7 B1 200 -12.7 -73.3 165.0 3.470 1.472
B2 202 12.7 -73.3 165.0 3.539 1.473
7 C1 17 -12.7 41.0 165.0 3.350 1.489
C2 108 12.7 41.0 165.0 3.312 1.400
7 D1 260 -12.7 -47.9 165.0 3.833 1.476
D2 284 12.7 -47.9 165.0 4.123 1.487
7 E1 68 -38.1 -35.2 165.0 3.660 1.482
E2 268 -38.1 -9.8 165.0 3.849 1.493
E3 274 -38.1 15.6 165.0 3.629 1.467
Table 3-17 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 11. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
11 A1 15 88.9 -10.0 265.0 3.260 1.520
A2 247 88.9 15.4 265.0 3.607 1.482
A3 281 88.9 40.8 265.0 3.480 1.478
A4 48 88.9 66.2 265.0 3.361 1.427
11 C1 220 38.1 -10.0 265.0 3.678 1.458
C2 138 38.1 15.4 265.0 3.788 1.509
C3 121 38.1 40.8 265.0 3.557 1.512
C4 94 38.1 66.2 265.0 3.335 1.498
11 E2 237 -12.7 91.6 265.0 2.779 1.516
E4 263 38.1 91.6 265.0 2.610 1.465
11 F1 61 -12.7 40.8 265.0 3.849 1.469
F2 90 -12.7 66.2 265.0 3.526 1.477
11 H1 160 -63.5 -10.0 265.0 3.530 1.495
H2 241 -63.5 15.4 265.0 3.646 1.473
H3 137 -63.5 40.8 265.0 3.481 1.437
H4 222 -63.5 66.2 265.0 3.339 1.495
Page 42 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-18 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 13. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
13 A1 299 139.7 -10.0 315.0 3.891 1.484
A2 297 139.7 15.4 315.0 4.002 1.536
A3 231 139.7 40.8 315.0 3.629 1.487
A4 116 139.7 66.2 315.0 3.299 1.530
13 C1 188 88.9 -35.4 315.0 3.779 1.518
C2 266 88.9 -10.0 315.0 3.778 1.528
C3 141 88.9 15.4 315.0 3.883 1.534
C4 235 88.9 40.8 315.0 3.671 1.552
C5 50 88.9 66.2 315.0 3.528 1.543
C6 265 88.9 91.6 315.0 3.118 1.525
13 E1 216 38.1 -35.4 315.0 3.979 1.504
E2 189 38.1 -10.0 315.0 3.964 1.548
E3 70 38.1 15.4 315.0 3.958 1.505
E4 92 38.1 40.8 315.0 3.827 1.478
E5 152 38.1 66.2 315.0 3.408 1.506
E6 67 38.1 91.6 315.0 3.200 1.521
13 F1 204 -12.7 -60.8 315.0 1.508 1.488
13 H1 120 -12.7 -35.4 315.0 1.488 1.456
13 I1 111 -12.7 40.8 315.0 3.972 1.446
I2 282 -12.7 66.2 315.0 3.689 1.516
I3 250 -12.7 91.6 315.0 3.136 1.539
13 L1 279 -63.5 -35.4 315.0 3.629 1.504
L2 172 -63.5 -10.0 315.0 3.750 1.514
L3 238 -63.5 15.4 315.0 3.755 1.531
L4 197 -63.5 40.8 315.0 3.538 1.509
L5 139 -63.5 66.2 315.0 3.369 1.519
L6 294 -63.5 91.6 315.0 3.013 1.538
13 N1 264 -114.3 -35.4 315.0 3.623 1.503
N2 219 -114.3 -10.0 315.0 3.894 1.482
N3 22 -114.3 15.4 315.0 4.000 1.498
N4 239 -114.3 40.8 315.0 3.759 1.500
N5 205 -114.3 66.2 315.0 3.438 1.528
Page 43 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-19 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 15. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
15 A1 89 139.7 -35.4 365.0 3.193 1.499
A2 207 139.7 -10.0 365.0 3.865 1.529
A3 233 139.7 15.4 365.0 3.786 1.505
A4 124 139.7 40.8 365.0 3.568 1.513
A5 234 139.7 66.2 365.0 3.251 1.528
15 C1 104 88.9 -60.8 365.0 3.488 1.470
C2 246 88.9 -35.4 365.0 3.832 1.476
C3 34 88.9 -10.0 365.0 3.791 1.492
C4 55 88.9 15.4 365.0 3.711 1.542
C5 102 88.9 40.8 365.0 3.589 1.480
C6 106 88.9 66.2 365.0 3.430 1.534
C7 114 88.9 91.6 365.0 3.070 1.492
15 E1 249 38.1 -60.8 365.0 3.876 1.458
E2 273 38.1 -35.4 365.0 4.169 1.498
E3 126 38.1 -10.0 365.0 3.902 1.538
E4 283 38.1 15.4 365.0 3.917 1.497
E5 292 38.1 40.8 365.0 3.612 1.447
E6 53 38.1 66.2 365.0 3.402 1.469
E7 52 38.1 91.6 365.0 3.162 1.513
15 H1 158 -12.7 -60.8 365.0 3.913 1.472
H2 298 -12.7 -35.4 365.0 3.985 1.498
15 I1 98 -12.7 40.8 365.0 3.766 1.499
I2 240 -12.7 66.2 365.0 3.641 1.497
I3 271 -12.7 91.6 365.0 3.180 1.444
15 L1 295 -63.5 40.8 365.0 3.572 1.465
L2 64 -63.5 66.2 365.0 3.243 1.479
L3 97 -63.5 91.6 365.0 2.999 1.506
15 N1 101 -114.3 -35.4 365.0 3.801 1.457
N2 255 -114.3 -10.0 365.0 3.788 1.485
N3 146 -114.3 15.4 365.0 3.693 1.494
N4 280 -114.3 40.8 365.0 3.646 1.500
N5 228 -114.3 66.2 365.0 3.373 1.496
N6 194 -114.3 91.6 365.0 2.811 1.523
Page 44 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-20 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 17. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
17 A1 93 139.7 -10.0 415.0 3.048 1.487
A2 42 139.7 15.4 415.0 3.076 1.489
A3 242 139.7 40.8 415.0 3.114 1.463
A4 145 139.7 66.2 415.0 2.677 1.501
17 C1 36 88.9 -60.8 415.0 3.530 1.440
C2 232 88.9 -35.4 415.0 3.814 1.498
C3 37 88.9 -10.0 415.0 3.748 1.444
C4 244 88.9 15.4 415.0 3.610 1.465
C5 149 88.9 40.8 415.0 3.497 1.461
C6 123 88.9 66.2 415.0 3.278 1.506
C7 163 88.9 91.6 415.0 3.061 1.452
17 E1 49 38.1 -86.2 415.0 3.385 1.501
E2 213 38.1 -60.8 415.0 3.942 1.338
E3 46 38.1 -35.4 415.0 4.068 1.462
E4 201 38.1 -10.0 415.0 4.100 1.507
E5 170 38.1 15.4 415.0 3.971 1.486
E6 105 38.1 40.8 415.0 3.872 1.464
E7 118 38.1 66.2 415.0 3.471 1.466
E8 79 38.1 91.6 415.0 3.162 1.490
17 H1 11 -12.7 -86.2 415.0 3.516 1.429
H2 75 -12.7 -60.8 415.0 4.042 1.444
H3 191 -12.7 -35.4 415.0 4.164 1.436
17 I1 76 -12.7 40.8 415.0 3.921 1.462
I2 112 -12.7 66.2 415.0 3.614 1.426
I3 23 -12.7 91.6 415.0 3.236 1.412
17 L1 107 -63.5 -60.8 415.0 3.694 1.412
L2 16 -63.5 -35.4 415.0 3.848 1.435
L3 134 -63.5 -10.0 415.0 3.827 1.460
L4 227 -63.5 15.4 415.0 3.697 1.405
L5 236 -63.5 40.8 415.0 3.511 1.426
L6 45 -63.5 66.2 415.0 3.383 1.410
L7 71 -63.5 91.6 415.0 2.971 1.458
17 N1 218 -114.3 -60.8 415.0 3.297 1.450
N2 159 -114.3 -35.4 415.0 3.718 1.426
N3 84 -114.3 -10.0 415.0 3.632 1.437
N4 154 -114.3 15.4 415.0 3.574 1.442
N5 60 -114.3 40.8 415.0 3.281 1.463
N6 243 -114.3 66.2 415.0 3.236 1.424
N7 147 -114.3 91.6 415.0 2.828 1.422
Page 45 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-21 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 19. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
19 B1 20 88.9 -60.8 465.0 3.381 1.465
B2 143 88.9 -35.4 465.0 3.968 1.508
B3 130 88.9 -10.0 465.0 3.900 1.525
B4 142 88.9 15.4 465.0 3.922 1.522
B5 198 88.9 40.8 465.0 3.814 1.521
B6 150 88.9 66.2 465.0 3.619 1.484
B7 140 88.9 91.6 465.0 3.101 1.531
19 D1 135 38.1 -60.8 465.0 4.055 1.530
D2 206 38.1 -35.4 465.0 4.262 1.479
D3 69 38.1 -10.0 465.0 4.357 1.495
D4 214 38.1 15.4 465.0 4.248 1.498
D5 122 38.1 40.8 465.0 4.002 1.460
D6 72 38.1 66.2 465.0 3.720 1.500
D7 6 38.1 91.6 465.0 3.272 1.531
19 G1 212 -12.7 -60.8 465.0 4.274 1.522
G2 47 -12.7 -35.4 465.0 4.339 1.482
19 H1 8 -12.7 40.8 465.0 4.047 1.460
H2 21 -12.7 66.2 465.0 3.771 1.486
H3 209 -12.7 91.6 465.0 3.191 1.513
19 K1 51 -63.5 -60.8 465.0 3.801 1.489
K2 12 -63.5 -35.4 465.0 3.799 1.503
K3 19 -63.5 -10.0 465.0 3.913 1.446
K4 2 -63.5 15.4 465.0 3.775 1.532
K5 192 -63.5 40.8 465.0 3.769 1.536
K6 173 -63.5 66.2 465.0 3.478 1.526
K7 293 -63.5 91.6 465.0 3.077 1.503
19 M1 85 -114.3 -35.4 465.0 3.578 1.516
M2 59 -114.3 -10.0 465.0 3.628 1.478
M3 33 -114.3 15.4 465.0 3.632 1.489
M4 171 -114.3 40.8 465.0 3.478 1.546
M5 74 -114.3 66.2 465.0 3.371 1.511
M6 32 -114.3 91.6 465.0 2.888 1.521
Page 46 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-22 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 21. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
21 B1 9 88.9 -35.4 515.0 3.862 1.544
B2 91 88.9 -10.0 515.0 4.127 1.500
B3 217 88.9 15.4 515.0 4.106 1.495
B4 14 88.9 40.8 515.0 4.049 1.528
B5 248 88.9 66.2 515.0 3.812 1.456
B6 224 88.9 91.6 515.0 3.145 1.526
21 D1 196 38.1 -60.8 515.0 3.941 1.523
D2 31 38.1 -35.4 515.0 4.282 1.511
D3 7 38.1 -10.0 515.0 4.154 1.503
D4 30 38.1 15.4 515.0 4.371 1.495
D5 251 38.1 40.8 515.0 4.042 1.511
D6 195 38.1 66.2 515.0 3.800 1.516
D7 164 38.1 91.6 515.0 3.253 1.532
21 G1 288 -12.7 -60.8 515.0 4.121 1.529
G2 168 -12.7 -35.4 515.0 4.399 1.513
21 H1 148 -12.7 40.8 515.0 4.124 1.475
H2 41 -12.7 66.2 515.0 3.751 1.492
H3 13 -12.7 91.6 515.0 3.134 1.536
21 K1 162 -63.5 -60.8 515.0 3.667 1.472
K2 278 -63.5 -35.4 515.0 3.966 1.514
K3 174 -63.5 -10.0 515.0 4.125 1.520
K4 185 -63.5 15.4 515.0 4.132 1.484
K5 40 -63.5 40.8 515.0 3.936 1.522
K6 178 -63.5 66.2 515.0 3.639 1.513
K7 131 -63.5 91.6 515.0 3.289 1.513
21 M1 80 -114.3 -35.4 515.0 3.484 1.520
M2 38 -114.3 -10.0 515.0 3.706 1.483
M3 99 -114.3 15.4 515.0 3.840 1.542
M4 127 -114.3 40.8 515.0 3.633 1.518
M5 86 -114.3 66.2 515.0 3.539 1.525
M6 277 -114.3 91.6 515.0 2.821 1.538
Page 47 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-23 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 23. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
23 B1 221 88.9 -35.4 565.0 3.788 1.516
B2 27 88.9 -10.0 565.0 4.102 1.550
B3 208 88.9 15.4 565.0 4.177 1.515
B4 10 88.9 40.8 565.0 3.825 1.484
B5 117 88.9 66.2 565.0 3.481 1.541
B6 115 88.9 91.6 565.0 2.960 1.541
23 D1 3 38.1 -60.8 565.0 4.074 1.515
D2 77 38.1 -35.4 565.0 4.374 1.494
D3 193 38.1 -10.0 565.0 4.400 1.487
D4 166 38.1 15.4 565.0 4.236 1.500
D5 57 38.1 40.8 565.0 4.029 1.496
D6 290 38.1 66.2 565.0 3.665 1.484
D7 1 38.1 91.6 565.0 3.127 1.497
23 G1 65 -12.7 -60.8 565.0 4.151 1.489
G2 177 -12.7 -35.4 565.0 4.231 1.502
23 H1 161 -12.7 40.8 565.0 4.077 1.483
H2 254 -12.7 66.2 565.0 3.670 1.524
H3 5 -12.7 91.6 565.0 3.217 1.525
23 K1 169 -63.5 -60.8 565.0 3.628 1.521
K2 24 -63.5 -35.4 565.0 4.150 1.506
K3 211 -63.5 -10.0 565.0 4.112 1.517
K4 128 -63.5 15.4 565.0 4.205 1.505
K5 252 -63.5 40.8 565.0 3.938 1.473
K6 96 -63.5 66.2 565.0 3.469 1.466
K7 100 -63.5 91.6 565.0 3.048 1.518
23 M1 167 -114.3 -10.0 565.0 3.565 1.496
M2 78 -114.3 15.4 565.0 3.630 1.476
M3 184 -114.3 40.8 565.0 3.463 1.547
M4 176 -114.3 66.2 565.0 3.171 1.510
Page 48 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-24 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 25. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
25 B1 28 88.9 -35.4 615.0 N/A 1.492
B2 109 88.9 -10.0 615.0 3.850 1.479
B3 259 88.9 15.4 615.0 3.973 1.492
B4 18 88.9 40.8 615.0 3.924 1.490
B5 144 88.9 66.2 615.0 3.609 1.502
B6 153 88.9 91.6 615.0 3.061 1.489
25 D1 296 38.1 -60.8 615.0 3.692 1.494
D2 285 38.1 -35.4 615.0 4.229 1.511
D3 44 38.1 -10.0 615.0 3.985 1.476
D4 129 38.1 15.4 615.0 4.072 1.474
D5 225 38.1 40.8 615.0 3.997 1.444
D6 95 38.1 66.2 615.0 3.800 1.498
D7 43 38.1 91.6 615.0 3.334 1.511
25 G1 132 -12.7 -60.8 615.0 3.972 1.483
G2 257 -12.7 -35.4 615.0 4.213 1.483
25 H1 62 -12.7 40.8 615.0 4.077 1.493
H2 286 -12.7 66.2 615.0 3.806 1.495
H3 215 -12.7 91.6 615.0 3.276 1.478
25 K1 39 -63.5 -60.8 615.0 3.451 1.460
K2 270 -63.5 -35.4 615.0 4.077 1.450
K3 156 -63.5 -10.0 615.0 3.559 1.452
K4 229 -63.5 15.4 615.0 4.087 1.435
K5 253 -63.5 40.8 615.0 3.953 1.534
K6 199 -63.5 66.2 615.0 3.754 1.492
K7 113 -63.5 91.6 615.0 3.203 1.535
25 M1 226 -114.3 -10.0 615.0 3.263 1.504
M2 157 -114.3 15.4 615.0 3.425 1.457
M3 88 -114.3 40.8 615.0 3.331 1.485
M4 306 -114.3 66.2 615.0 3.090 1.517
Page 49 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-25 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 27. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
27 B1 310 88.9 -35.4 665.0 3.353 1.525
B2 308 88.9 -10.0 665.0 3.801 1.518
B3 256 88.9 15.4 665.0 3.840 1.485
B4 165 88.9 40.8 665.0 4.053 1.465
B5 210 88.9 66.2 665.0 3.768 1.504
B6 181 88.9 91.6 665.0 3.358 1.493
27 D1 179 38.1 -60.8 665.0 3.432 1.488
D2 29 38.1 -35.4 665.0 4.183 1.519
D3 103 38.1 -10.0 665.0 4.241 1.514
D4 83 38.1 15.4 665.0 4.110 1.484
D5 190 38.1 40.8 665.0 4.077 1.473
D6 182 38.1 66.2 665.0 3.920 1.422
D7 302 38.1 91.6 665.0 3.474 1.458
27 F1 183 -63.5 117.0 665.0 2.479 N/A
F3 180 -12.7 117.0 665.0 2.357 N/A
F5 275 38.1 117.0 665.0 N/A 1.540
27 H1 26 -12.7 -60.8 665.0 3.848 1.468
H2 312 -12.7 -35.4 665.0 4.233 1.506
27 I1 223 -12.7 40.8 665.0 4.329 1.467
I2 203 -12.7 66.2 665.0 3.812 1.488
I3 309 -12.7 91.6 665.0 3.540 1.485
27 L1 304 -63.5 15.4 665.0 4.103 1.465
L2 315 -63.5 40.8 665.0 4.076 1.492
L3 82 -63.5 66.2 665.0 3.869 1.475
L4 303 -63.5 91.6 665.0 3.483 1.518
27 N1 125 -114.3 -10.0 665.0 3.101 1.479
N2 87 -114.3 15.4 665.0 3.483 1.499
N3 175 -114.3 40.8 665.0 3.459 1.513
N4 54 -114.3 66.2 665.0 3.245 1.499
Page 50 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-26 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 29. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
29 B1 155 88.9 -35.4 715.0 3.583 1.488
B2 151 88.9 -10.0 715.0 4.181 1.510
B3 320 88.9 15.4 715.0 4.298 1.512
B4 25 88.9 40.8 715.0 4.118 1.501
B5 317 88.9 66.2 715.0 3.980 1.480
B6 230 88.9 91.6 715.0 3.653 1.484
B7 316 88.9 117.0 715.0 2.922 1.492
29 D1 186 38.1 -60.8 715.0 3.647 1.490
D2 323 38.1 -35.4 715.0 4.294 1.486
D3 4 38.1 -10.0 715.0 4.356 1.477
D4 313 38.1 15.4 715.0 4.348 1.524
D5 324 38.1 40.8 715.0 4.175 1.530
D6 191 38.1 66.2 715.0 3.951 1.499
D7 305 38.1 91.6 715.0 3.688 1.494
D8 307 38.1 117.0 715.0 3.100 1.536
29 G1 327 -12.7 -60.8 715.0 3.811 1.476
G2 187 -12.7 -35.4 715.0 4.417 1.442
29 H1 314 -12.7 40.8 715.0 4.156 1.498
H2 328 -12.7 66.2 715.0 3.926 1.459
H3 322 -12.7 91.6 715.0 3.767 1.497
H4 301 -12.7 117.0 715.0 3.016 1.556
29 K1 326 -63.5 -35.4 715.0 3.731 1.497
K2 330 -63.5 -10.0 715.0 4.279 1.511
K3 318 -63.5 15.4 715.0 4.237 1.512
K4 325 -63.5 40.8 715.0 4.150 1.494
K5 329 -63.5 66.2 715.0 3.907 1.538
K6 321 -63.5 91.6 715.0 3.548 1.514
K7 319 -63.5 117.0 715.0 3.037 1.532
29 M1 136 -114.3 -10.0 715.0 3.549 1.525
M2 462 -114.3 15.4 715.0 3.716 1.490
M3 482 -114.3 40.8 715.0 3.853 1.504
M4 361 -114.3 66.2 715.0 3.444 1.525
M5 357 -114.3 91.6 715.0 3.182 1.768
Page 51 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-27 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 31. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
31 A1 494 139.7 15.4 765.0 3.267 1.545
A2 490 139.7 40.8 765.0 3.349 1.549
A3 497 139.7 66.2 765.0 3.023 1.527
31 C1 453 88.9 -35.4 765.0 3.902 1.532
C2 458 88.9 -10.0 765.0 4.360 1.571
C3 352 88.9 15.4 765.0 4.321 1.546
C4 468 88.9 40.8 765.0 4.210 1.539
C5 491 88.9 66.2 765.0 4.145 1.569
C6 351 88.9 91.6 765.0 3.855 1.607
C7 364 88.9 117.0 765.0 3.338 1.524
31 E1 451 38.1 -60.8 765.0 3.523 1.514
E2 480 38.1 -35.4 765.0 4.219 1.496
E3 461 38.1 -10.0 765.0 4.509 1.568
E4 452 38.1 15.4 765.0 4.349 1.515
E5 457 38.1 40.8 765.0 4.262 1.503
E6 465 38.1 66.2 765.0 4.056 1.525
E7 402 38.1 91.6 765.0 3.850 1.476
E8 401 38.1 117.0 765.0 3.388 1.513
31 H1 477 -12.7 -60.8 765.0 3.749 1.612
H2 500 -12.7 -35.4 765.0 4.278 1.524
31 I1 368 -12.7 40.8 765.0 4.285 1.540
I2 472 -12.7 66.2 765.0 4.141 1.528
I3 460 -12.7 91.6 765.0 3.754 1.526
I4 475 -12.7 117.0 765.0 3.164 1.545
31 L1 464 -63.5 -35.4 765.0 3.987 1.521
L2 496 -63.5 -10.0 765.0 4.166 1.514
L3 499 -63.5 15.4 765.0 4.291 1.543
L4 493 -63.5 40.8 765.0 4.281 1.541
L5 495 -63.5 66.2 765.0 3.912 1.565
L6 454 -63.5 91.6 765.0 3.862 1.519
L7 485 -63.5 117.0 765.0 3.377 1.586
31 N1 430 -114.3 -10.0 765.0 3.767 1.537
N2 478 -114.3 15.4 765.0 0.756 N/A
N3 445 -114.3 40.8 765.0 3.827 1.545
N4 488 -114.3 66.2 765.0 3.816 1.556
N5 455 -114.3 91.6 765.0 3.444 1.544
Page 52 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-28 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 33. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.
Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z
High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700
33 A1 467 139.7 -10.0 815.0 2.804 1.489
A2 389 139.7 15.4 815.0 2.984 1.475
A3 367 139.7 40.8 815.0 2.917 1.499
A4 406 139.7 66.2 815.0 2.898 1.475
A5 456 139.7 91.6 815.0 2.679 1.505
33 C1 483 88.9 -35.4 815.0 3.253 1.499
C2 471 88.9 -10.0 815.0 3.531 1.500
C3 374 88.9 15.4 815.0 3.402 1.508
C4 498 88.9 40.8 815.0 3.281 1.576
C5 388 88.9 66.2 815.0 3.237 1.455
C6 463 88.9 91.6 815.0 3.183 1.511
C7 370 88.9 117.0 815.0 2.938 1.530
33 E1 487 38.1 -35.4 815.0 3.314 1.480
E2 417 38.1 -10.0 815.0 3.063 1.508
E3 484 38.1 15.4 815.0 3.105 1.438
E4 476 38.1 40.8 815.0 3.262 1.504
E5 474 38.1 66.2 815.0 3.397 1.495
E6 403 38.1 91.6 815.0 3.183 1.494
E7 470 38.1 117.0 815.0 2.824 1.498
33 F1 347 -12.7 -35.4 815.0 N/A 1.493
33 H1 486 -12.7 40.8 815.0 3.213 1.490
H2 436 -12.7 66.2 815.0 3.288 1.473
H3 397 -12.7 91.6 815.0 3.111 1.529
H4 309 -12.7 117.0 815.0 2.759 1.441
33 K1 442 -63.5 -35.4 815.0 3.206 1.509
K2 372 -63.5 -10.0 815.0 3.415 1.524
K3 343 -63.5 15.4 815.0 3.262 1.492
K4 469 -63.5 40.8 815.0 3.265 1.432
K5 466 -63.5 66.2 815.0 3.267 1.477
K6 415 -63.5 91.6 815.0 3.165 1.491
K7 373 -63.5 117.0 815.0 2.871 1.531
33 M1 398 -114.3 -35.4 815.0 2.873 1.511
M2 378 -114.3 -10.0 815.0 3.195 1.503
M3 433 -114.3 15.4 815.0 3.280 1.506
M4 381 -114.3 40.8 815.0 3.192 1.493
M5 416 -114.3 66.2 815.0 3.092 1.503
M6 394 -114.3 91.6 815.0 3.023 1.491
M7 426 -114.3 117.0 815.0 2.610 1.536
Page 53 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure 3-6 | Dependence of high-temperature ratio and TL efficiency on LET. When plotted as a function of LET, the slope of the high-temperature ratio resembles that of the quality factor (left); the markedly increased effi-ciency of the high-temperature TL with respect to glow peak 5 may be used advantageously as indication of slow neutrons (right).
The markedly increased efficiency of the high-temperature TL with respect to glow peak 5 at LET > 10 keV/µm (Figure 3-6) makes the HTR an even more sensitive indicator of the presence of slow neutrons, which are detected through the 6Li(n,α)3H reaction in TLD-600. The HTR dis-tribution measured in 14 slices of the Matroshka phantom (Table 3-15 to Table 3-28) shows an increase in the HTR of TLD-600, while the HTR of TLD-700 is comparably constant.
3.2 Matroshka Organ Boxes
Absorbed dose rate and HTR measured by means of TLD-600 and TLD-700 dosemeters in six detector boxes placed at the site of vital organs (eye, lung, stomach, kidney, intestine and on top of the head) are summarized in Table 3-29 and illustrated graphically in Figure 3-7. Every box contained six dosemeter chips of each type supplied by ATI-TUW. While the absorbed dose rate measured with TLD-700 is highest on top of the head and slightly decreases towards the lower part of the Matroshka torso, this effect is compensated by an enhanced abundance of slow neutrons, which makes the dose distribution determined with TLD-600 comparatively flat. A similar behaviour is observed in the HTR.
Page 54 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-29 | Organ dose measurements in Matroshka. Absorbed dose rate and high-temperature ratio were determined using TLD-600 and TLD-700 thermoluminescence dosemeters. Statistical uncertainties were calculated from six individual measurements.
Box Organ Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) High-temperature ratio TLD-600 TLD-700 TLD-600 TLD-700
1 Eye 0.311 ± 0.012 0.227 ± 0.011 3.306 ± 0.257 1.441 ± 0.034
2 Lung 0.307 ± 0.009 0.218 ± 0.014 3.320 ± 0.126 1.422 ± 0.050
3 Stomach 0.300 ± 0.015 0.219 ± 0.008 2.972 ± 0.122 1.429 ± 0.023
4 Kidney 0.274 ± 0.010 0.223 ± 0.007 2.626 ± 0.060 1.483 ± 0.014
5 Intestine 0.298 ± 0.015 0.202 ± 0.008 3.115 ± 0.073 1.472 ± 0.020
6 Head 0.302 ± 0.007 0.263 ± 0.008 1.919 ± 0.035 1.478 ± 0.044
Figure 3-7 | Organ dose measurements in Matroshka. Absorbed dose rate is plotted from top to bottom and was determined using dosemeters with different neutron efficiency: neutron sensitive TLD-600 and neutron-insensitive TLD-700. Statistical uncertainties were calculated from six individual measurements.
3.3 Matroshka Poncho Boxes
Absorbed dose rate and HTR measured by means of TLD-600 and TLD-700 dosemeters in six detector boxes placed at different locations on the Matroshka poncho (mid thorax, upper ab-domen, lateral right, lateral left, mid dorsal and lumbar spine) are summarized in Table 3-30 and illustrated graphically in Figure 3-8. Every box contained eight dosemeter chips of each type supplied by ATI-TUW. Compared with the organ dose measurements, the dose rates absorbed on the skin much less depend on position, and the contribution of slow neutrons is significantly smaller than inside the body. A similar behaviour is observed in the HTR.
Page 55 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Table 3-30 | Poncho dose measurements in Matroshka. Absorbed dose rate and high-temperature ratio were determined using TLD-600 and TLD-700 thermoluminescence dosemeters. Statistical uncertainties were calculated from six individual measurements.
Box Location Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) High-temperature ratio TLD-600 TLD-700 TLD-600 TLD-700
1 Mid thorax 0.288 ± 0.010 0.236 ± 0.008 2.276 ± 0.085 1.487 ± 0.027
2 Upper abdomen 0.294 ± 0.010 0.238 ± 0.011 2.259 ± 0.099 1.488 ± 0.017
3 Lateral right 0.302 ± 0.013 0.255 ± 0.007 2.114 ± 0.079 1.518 ± 0.020
4 Lateral left 0.285 ± 0.006 0.235 ± 0.011 2.179 ± 0.077 1.514 ± 0.021
5 Mid dorsal 0.302 ± 0.004 0.264 ± 0.008 1.883 ± 0.056 1.523 ± 0.037
6 Lumbar spine 0.306 ± 0.010 0.264 ± 0.011 1.918 ± 0.057 1.524 ± 0.016
Figure 3-8 | Poncho dose measurements in Matroshka. Absorbed dose rate was determined using dosemeters with different neutron efficiency: neutron sensitive TLD-600 and neutron-insensitive TLD-700. Statistical uncertain-ties were calculated from eight individual measurements.
Page 56 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
4 CONCLUSIONS
The results obtained from passive TL dosimetry within the Matroshka-2 Kibō experiment allow for some important conclusions to be drawn. Although the tissue absorbed dose rate measured in Kibō (MTR-2K; 0.17 to 0.26 mGy/d) was on average 20% higher than in Zvezda (MTR-2B; 0.14 to 0.21 mGy/d), the dose profiles acquired from the outer to the inner layers of the anthropo-morphic phantom body were of qualitatively similar shape. As a direct consequence of the heavier shielding provided by Kibō and Zvezda, which absorbs a prominent fraction of cosmic-ray protons, the dose gradient towards the centre of the body was markedly flatter than in the less shielded Pirs compartment (MTR-2A; 0.12 to 0.28 mGy/d). The significant neutron contribu-tion registered in Kibō is believed to be the result of both projectile and target fragmentations within the spacecraft hull and might justify additional effort to investigate neutron effective dose. The agreement of doses evaluated by ATI-TUW with preliminary data provided by DLR and IFJ-PAN is outstanding and demonstrates the reliability of TL dosimetry in space.
Page 57 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to express their gratitude for the support of the operating staffs and the fol-lowing collaborators during the ground-based experiments at high-energy accelerator facilities: Hisashi Kitamura, Satoshi Kodaira, Yukio Uchihori and Nakahiro Yasuda (National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan); Marco Durante, Chiara La Tessa and Dieter Schardt (GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany); Adam Rusek (NASA Space Ra-diation Laboratory). The experiments at HIMAC have been performed between February 2009 and February 2011 under Research Grant No. 20P240. In January and February 2011, proton irradiations could be realized at NIRS-930 Cyclotron and NCC Hospital East within the NIRS International Open Labor-atory programme, which further supported the project by covering a considerable part of the travel expenses for one scientist. Calibrations of the detector response to heavy ions at SIS have been conducted in August 2009 and April 2010 under Research Grant No. AO-08-IBER-12.
Page 58 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
REFERENCES
Berger, T., Hajek, M., Schöner, W., Fugger, M., Vana, N., Noll, M., Ebner, R., Akatov, Y., Shurshakov, V. & Arkhangelsky, V. (2001). Measurement of the depth distribution of aver-age LET and absorbed dose inside a water-filled phantom on board space station Mir. Phys. Medica 17, S128-S130.
Berger, T., Hajek, M., Schöner, W., Fugger, M., Vana, N., Akatov, Y., Shurshakov, V., Arkhan-gelsky, V. & Kartashov, D. (2002). Application of the high-temperature ratio method for evaluation of the depth distribution of dose equivalent in a water-filled phantom on board space station Mir. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 100, 503-506.
Berger, T., Hajek, M., Summerer, L., Vana, N., Akatov, Y., Shurshakov, V. & Arkhangelsky, V. (2004). Austrian dose measurements onboard space station MIR and the International Space Station – Overview and comparison. Adv. Space Res. 34, 1414-1419.
Berger, T. & Hajek, M. (2008a). TL-efficiency – Overview and experimental results over the years. Radiat. Meas. 43, 146-156.
Berger, T. & Hajek, M. (2008b). On the linearity of the high-temperature emission from 7LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-700). Radiat. Meas. 43, 1467-1473.
Cucinotta, F. A., Kim, M.-H. Y., Willingham, V. & George, K. A. (2008). Physical and biological organ dosimetry analysis for International Space Station astronauts. Radiat. Res. 170, 127-138.
Dettmann, J. & Reitz, G. (2003). Matroshka: Measuring radiation hazards for spacewalkers. On Station 13, 20-21.
Dettmann, J., Reitz, G. & Gianfiglio, G. (2007). Matroshka – The first ESA external payload on the International Space Station. Acta Astronaut. 60, 17-23.
Furetta, C. (2003). Handbook of Thermoluminescence. Singapore: World Scientific.
Fürweger, C., Hajek, M., Vana, N., Kodym, R. & Okayasu, R. (2007). Cellular signal transduction events as a function of linear energy transfer (LET). Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 126, 418-422.
Hajek, M., Berger, T., Schöner, W. & Vana, N. (2000). Comparison of measurements with active and passive Bonner sphere spectrometers. Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc. 83, 263-265.
Hajek, M., Berger, T., Schöner, W. & Vana, N. (2002). Advantages of passive detectors for the determination of the cosmic ray induced neutron environment. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 100, 541-544.
Hajek, M., Berger, T., Fürstner, M., Vana, N., Akatov, Y., Shurshakov, V. & Arkhangelsky, V. (2006a). BRADOS – Dose determination in the Russian Segment of the International Space Station. Adv. Space Res. 37, 1664-1667.
Hajek, M., Berger, T., Fugger, M., Vana, N., Akatov, Y., Shurshakov, V. & Arkhangelsky, V. (2006b). Dose distribution in the Russian Segment of the International Space Station. Ra-diat. Prot. Dosim. 120, 446-449.
Page 59 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Hajek, M. (2009). In Maringer, F. J., Czarwinski, R., Geringer, T., Brandl, A. & Steurer, A. (eds), Leben mit Strahlung – Von den Grundlagen zur Praxis (pp. 310-313). Cologne: TÜV Media.
Horowitz, Y. S. (1981). The theoretical and microdosimetric basis of thermoluminescence and applications to dosimetry. Phys. Med. Biol. 26, 765-824.
Kartsev, I. S., Tolochek, R. V., Shurshakov, V. A. & Akatov, Y. A. (2009). In Dachev, T. & Petkov, D. (chairs), Fundamental Space Research (pp. 80-83). Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
Konradi, A., Atwell, W., Badhwar, G. D., Cash, B. L. & Hardy, K. A. (1992). Low Earth orbit radia-tion dose distribution in a phantom head. Int. J. Radiat. Appl. Instrum. D: Nucl. Tracks Ra-diat. Meas. 20, 49-54.
Olko, P. (2007). Microdosimetry, track structure and the response of thermoluminescence de-tectors. Radiat. Meas. 41, S57-S70.
Reitz, G. & Berger, T. (2006). The Matroshka facility – Dose determination during an EVA. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 120, 442-445.
Reitz, G., Berger, T., Bilski, P., Facius, R., Hajek, M., Petrov, V., Puchalska, M., Zhou, D., Boss-ler, J., Akatov, Y., Shurshakov, V., Olko, P., Ptaszkiewicz, M., Bergmann, R., Fugger, M., Vana, N., Beaujean, R., Burmeister, S., Bartlett, D., Hager, L., Pálfalvi, J., Szabó, J., O’Sullivan, D., Kitamura, H., Uchihori, Y., Yasuda, N., Nagamatsu, A., Tawara, H., Ben-ton, E., Gaza, R., McKeever, S., Sawakuchi, G., Yukihara, E., Cucinotta, F., Semones, E, Zapp, N., Miller, J. & Dettmann, J. (2009). Astronaut’s organ doses inferred from meas-urements in a human phantom outside the International Space Station. Radiat. Res. 171, 225-235.
Schöner, W., Vana, N. & Fugger, M. (1999). The LET dependence of LiF:Mg,Ti dosemeters and its application for LET measurements in mixed radiation fields. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 85, 263-266.
Shurshakov, V. A., Akatov, Y. A., Kartsev, I. S., Petrov, V. M., Tolochek, R. V., Petrov, V. I., Po-lenov, B. V. & Lyagushin, V. I. (2008). In Dachev, T. & Petkov, D. (chairs), Fundamental Space Research (pp. 234-238). Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
Waligòrski, M. P. R., Hamm, R. N. & Katz, R. (1986). The radial distribution of dose around the path of a heavy ion in liquid water. Int. J. Radiat. Appl. Instrum. D 11, 309-319.
Yasuda, H., Badhwar, G. D., Komiyama, T. & Fujitaka, K. (2000). Effective dose equivalent on the ninth Shuttle–Mir mission (STS-91). Radiat. Res. 154, 705-713.
Yasuda, H. (2009). Effective dose measured with a life size human phantom in a low Earth orbit mission. J. Radiat. Res. 50, 89-96.
Page 60 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
A. ANNEX: TLD ARRANGEMENT IN MATROSHKA TUBES
Figure A-1 | Slice #3 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.
Page 61 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure A-2 | Slice #7 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.
Page 62 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure A-3 | Slice #11 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.
Page 63 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure A-4 | Slice #13 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.
Page 64 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure A-5 | Slice #15 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.
Page 65 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure A-6 | Slice #17 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.
Page 66 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure A-7 | Slice #19 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.
Page 67 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure A-8 | Slice #21 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.
Page 68 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure A-9 | Slice #23 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.
Page 69 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure A-10 | Slice #25 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.
Page 70 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure A-11 | Slice #27 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.
Page 71 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure A-12 | Slice #29 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.
Page 72 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure A-13 | Slice #31 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.
Page 73 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901
Figure A-14 | Slice #33 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.