TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive...

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UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901 Faculty of Physics Vienna University of Technology Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics Stadionallee 2 1020 Vienna, Austria T +43-(0)1-588 01-141 393 F +43-(0)1-588 01-141 99 www.tuwien.ac.at TLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter Reference ATIS1201 Issue 1 Revision 0 Date of Issue 20/01/2012 Status Authorised Distribution ESTEC

Transcript of TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive...

Page 1: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901

Faculty of Physics Vienna University of Technology Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics Stadionallee 2 1020 Vienna, Austria T +43-(0)1-588 01-141 393 F +43-(0)1-588 01-141 99 www.tuwien.ac.at TLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT

Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC

Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter Reference ATIS1201 Issue 1 Revision 0 Date of Issue 20/01/2012 Status Authorised Distribution ESTEC

Page 2: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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APPROVAL

Title Matroshka-2 Kibō TLD Data Analysis Report/Milestone 2

Issue 1 Revision 0

Authors M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

Date 20/01/2012

Approved by M. Hajek Date 08/02/2012

CHANGE LOG

Reason for change Issue Revision Date

CHANGE RECORD

Issue Revision

Reason for change Date Pages Paragraph(s)

Cover illustration: ISS023-E-031576 (4 May 2010)—Russian cosmonaut Alexander Skvortsov (left) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi, both Expedition 23 flight engineers, work with the European Matroshka phantom experiment in the Kibō laboratory of the International Space Station. Matroshka, the name for the traditional Russian set of nestling dolls, is an anthropo-morphic model of a human torso designed for radiation studies. Image credit: NASA.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. 4  

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... 5  

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................... 7  

APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ..................................................................................................... 8  

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 9  

1   INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 11  1.1   Matroshka Facility ................................................................................................ 11  1.2   Mission Timeline .................................................................................................. 12  

2   DETECTOR INSTRUMENTATION ..................................................................................... 18  2.1   Matroshka-2 Kibō TLD Set ..................................................................................... 18  2.2   TLD Annealing and Readout ................................................................................. 19  2.3   Pre- and Post-flight Calibration .............................................................................. 19  2.4   TL Fading Characteristics ...................................................................................... 20  2.5   Charged Particle Response ................................................................................... 21  

3   MATROSHKA-2 KIBŌ EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ................................................................ 24  3.1   Matroshka Tubes .................................................................................................. 24  3.2   Matroshka Organ Boxes ........................................................................................ 53  3.3   Matroshka Poncho Boxes ...................................................................................... 54  

4   CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................. 56  

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ 57  

REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 58  

A.   ANNEX: TLD ARRANGEMENT IN MATROSHKA TUBES ...................................................... 60  

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1 | Modular design of the Matroshka facility ............................................................ 11  Figure 1-2 | Preparations for detector installation ................................................................. 13  Figure 1-3 | Installation of passive detectors ........................................................................ 14  Figure 1-4 | Matroshka in Kibō ............................................................................................. 15  Figure 1-5 | Removal of passive detectors from Matroshka .................................................... 16  Figure 1-6 | Passive detector download ............................................................................... 17  Figure 1-7 | Matroshka passive detector pouch ..................................................................... 17  Figure 2-1 | Philips Theratron 780C ...................................................................................... 19  Figure 2-2 | Fading study of TLD response ........................................................................... 20  Figure 2-3 | TLD-700 relative efficiency for heavy charged particles ....................................... 22  Figure 3-1 | Matroshka coordinate system ............................................................................ 25  Figure 3-2 | Three-dimensional dose profile in the Matroshka phantom ................................. 38  Figure 3-3 | Projection of measured dose rates onto the xy-plane .......................................... 38  Figure 3-4 | Projection of measured dose rates onto the xz-plane .......................................... 39  Figure 3-5 | Projection of measured dose rates onto the yz-plane .......................................... 39  Figure 3-6 | Dependence of high-temperature ratio and TL efficiency on LET ......................... 53  Figure 3-7 | Organ dose measurements in Matroshka ........................................................... 54  Figure 3-8 | Poncho dose measurements in Matroshka .......................................................... 55  Figure A-1 | Slice #3 TLD distribution ................................................................................... 60  Figure A-2 | Slice #7 TLD distribution ................................................................................... 61  Figure A-3 | Slice #11 TLD distribution ................................................................................. 62  Figure A-4 | Slice #13 TLD distribution ................................................................................. 63  Figure A-5 | Slice #15 TLD distribution ................................................................................. 64  Figure A-6 | Slice #17 TLD distribution ................................................................................. 65  Figure A-7 | Slice #19 TLD distribution ................................................................................. 66  Figure A-8 | Slice #21 TLD distribution ................................................................................. 67  Figure A-9 | Slice #23 TLD distribution ................................................................................. 68  Figure A-10 | Slice #25 TLD distribution ............................................................................... 69  Figure A-11 | Slice #27 TLD distribution ............................................................................... 70  Figure A-12 | Slice #29 TLD distribution ............................................................................... 71  Figure A-13 | Slice #31 TLD distribution ............................................................................... 72  Figure A-14 | Slice #33 TLD distribution ............................................................................... 73  

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1 | Matroshka science consortium ............................................................................ 12  Table 1-2 | Matroshka mission timeline ................................................................................ 13  Table 1-3 | Radiogram no. 2995u (4 May 2010) .................................................................... 15  Table 1-4 | Radiogram no. 5591u (10 March 2011) ............................................................... 16  Table 2-1 | Matroshka-2 Kibō TLD materials .......................................................................... 18  Table 2-2 | Heavy charged particle TL efficiency ................................................................... 23  Table 3-1 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 3 ............................................................. 25  Table 3-2 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 7 ............................................................. 26  Table 3-3 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 11 ........................................................... 26  Table 3-4 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 13 ........................................................... 27  Table 3-5 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 15 ........................................................... 28  Table 3-6 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 17 ........................................................... 29  Table 3-7 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 19 ........................................................... 30  Table 3-8 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 21 ........................................................... 31  Table 3-9 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 23 ........................................................... 32  Table 3-10 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 25 ......................................................... 33  Table 3-11 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 27 ......................................................... 34  Table 3-12 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 29 ......................................................... 35  Table 3-13 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 31 ......................................................... 36  Table 3-14 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 33 ......................................................... 37  Table 3-15 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 3 ...................................................... 40  Table 3-16 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 7 ...................................................... 41  Table 3-17 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 11 ..................................................... 41  Table 3-18 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 13 ..................................................... 42  Table 3-19 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 15 ..................................................... 43  Table 3-20 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 17 ..................................................... 44  Table 3-21 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 19 ..................................................... 45  Table 3-22 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 21 ..................................................... 46  Table 3-23 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 23 ..................................................... 47  Table 3-24 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 25 ..................................................... 48  Table 3-25 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 27 ..................................................... 49  Table 3-26 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 29 ..................................................... 50  Table 3-27 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 31 ..................................................... 51  

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Table 3-28 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 33 ..................................................... 52  Table 3-29 | Organ dose measurements in Matroshka ........................................................... 54  Table 3-30 | Poncho dose measurements in Matroshka ......................................................... 55  

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ATI .............. Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics [German: Atominstitut]

DLR ............. German Aerospace Centre [German: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt]

ELIPS ........... European Programme for Life and Physical Sciences

ESA ............. European Space Agency

EVA ............ Extravehicular activity

FE ............... Flight Engineer

HCP ............ Heavy charged particle

HIMAC ......... Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator

HTR ............. High-temperature ratio

IFJ ............... Institute of Nuclear Physics [Polish: Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej]

ISS .............. International Space Station

IVA ............. Intravehicular activity

JEM ............. Japanese Experiment Module

JPM ............. JEM Pressurized Module

LET ............. Linear energy transfer

NASA .......... National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NCC ............ National Cancer Centre

NIRS ............ National Institute of Radiological Sciences

NSRL ........... NASA Space Radiation Laboratory

PAN ............ Polish Academy of Sciences [Polish: Polskiej Akademii Nauk]

PMMA ......... Polymethyl methacrylate

PMT ............ Photomultiplier tube

PNTD .......... Plastic nuclear track detector

RS ............... Russian Segment

SIS .............. Heavy-Ion Synchrotron [German: Schwerionensynchrotron]

TL ............... Thermoluminescence

TLD ............. Thermoluminescence dosemeter

TUW ........... Vienna University of Technology [German: Technische Universität Wien]

USOS .......... U.S. Orbital Segment

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APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

The following specifications, standards and publications are considered applicable to the Ma-troshka-2 Kibō TLD Data Analysis Report at the issue/revision/date specified below. • TUW/PR/MTR-2K/PD-10-11, “Progress Report Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 1”, Issue 1/

Revision 0, Vienna University of Technology, 31/10/2011 • TUW/DR/MTR-2K/PD-10-11, “Design Report Matroshka-2 Kibō Passive Thermoluminescence

Dosimetry”, Issue 1/Revision 0, Vienna University of Technology, 31/10/2011 • MTR.II.KIBO.208, “Matroshka II Kibō Handbook”, Issue 1/Revision 0, German Aerospace Cen-

tre, 25/08/2009 • ISLRA-2004-247, “Study of Depth Dose Distribution Inside a Human Phantom Using the Ma-

troshka Facility”, German Aerospace Centre, 03/05/2004 • MTR-TN-3000-030-DLR, “Matroshka Operations Manual”, Issue 3/Revision 0, German Aero-

space Centre, 06/11/2003 • MTR-ADP-002-DLR “Acceptance Data Package for the Matroshka Flight Model”, Issue 1/

Revision 0, German Aerospace Centre, 07/10/2003 • GPQ-MAN-01, “Documentation Standard for ESA MSM-G Projects”, Issue 2/Revision 0, Euro-

pean Space Agency, 30/06/1999

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Astronauts working and living in space are exposed to considerably higher doses and different qualities of ionizing radiation than people on ground. Matroshka, a European Space Agency experiment under coordination of the German Aerospace Centre, is the most comprehensive effort so far in radiation protection dosimetry in space using an anthropomorphic upper torso phantom known from radiotherapy treatment planning to map the dose distribution throughout a simulated human body on board the International Space Station. Absorbed dose is measured by miniature thermoluminescence dosemeters embedded in polyethylene tubes and arranged in an orthogonal grid using interstitial spacers. Along with dose measurements at the site of vital organs and application of detailed numerical models of the human organism, the acquired dose profiles are expected to improve cancer risk projections for long-term human space explo-ration and support benchmarking of radiation transport algorithms. To assess the influence of different shielding configurations, Matroshka was exposed under different intra- and extrave-hicular activity conditions. During the previous missions the phantom had been installed in- and outside the Zvezda Service Module and in the Pirs docking compartment, before it was trans-ferred to the Japanese Experiment Module Kibō as part of the fourth mission. The Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics at the Vienna University of Technology was responsible for preparation, calibration, readout and evaluation of 1,110 thermoluminescence extruded rib-bons made of lithium fluoride and doped with magnesium and titanium at the ppm level. The complete detector set was launched by Progress 37P on 28 April 2010 from Baikonur, Kazakh-stan, and loaded into the Matroshka phantom only six days later. Equipped with active and pas-sive radiation sensors, the facility was mounted in the Life Science Payload Rack F2 of the Kibō Pressurized Module, with the front side of the phantom looking aft. On 10 March 2011, after a 310-day exposure, was brought back to the Russian Segment where the passive detector set was removed and six days later downloaded to ground by Soyuz 24S.

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The highest dose rate was found in the mid-back region where the phantom came closest to the spacecraft hull. Although the tissue absorbed dose rate measured in Kibō (0.17 to 0.26 mGy/d) was on average 20% higher than in Zvezda (0.14 to 0.21 mGy/d), the dose pro-files acquired from the outer to the inner layers of the anthropomorphic torso were of qualita-tively similar shape. As a direct consequence of the heavier shielding provided by Kibō and Zvezda, which absorbs a prominent fraction of cosmic-ray protons, the dose gradient towards the centre of the phantom body was markedly flatter than in the less shielded Pirs compartment (0.12 to 0.28 mGy/d). The significant neutron contribution registered in Kibō is believed to be the result of both projectile and target fragmentations within the spacecraft hull and might jus-tify additional effort to investigate neutron effective dose. The agreement of doses evaluated by the Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics with preliminary data provided by other labor-atories participating in the Matroshka-2 Kibō experiment is outstanding and demonstrates the reliability of TL dosimetry in space.

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Matroshka Facility

Matroshka, a European Space Agency (ESA) experiment under coordination of the German Aer-ospace Centre (DLR), that received its name from the traditional Russian set of nestling dolls is the most comprehensive effort so far in radiation protection dosimetry in space (Table 1-1) us-ing an Alderson Rando™ anthropomorphic upper torso phantom known from radiotherapy treatment planning to map the dose distribution throughout a simulated human body on board the International Space Station (ISS). The facility was developed within the European Pro-gramme for Life and Physical Sciences (ELIPS), with a natural human skeleton cast inside a pro-prietary urethane formulation that is radiologically equivalent to soft tissue (Dettmann & Reitz, 2003; Dettmann et al., 2007). Unlike previous phantom experiments that had been conducted on different space vehicles (Benton et al., 1990; Berger et al., 2001, 2002, 2004; Cucinotta et al., 2008; Kartsev et al., 2009; Konradi et al., 1992; Shurshakov et al., 2008; Yasuda et al., 2000, 2009), Matroshka is covered by a skin substitute, aka poncho, as well as a carbon fibre container that, along with a multilayer thermal insulation, resembles the shielding properties of a space-suit (Figure 1-1). The facility contains a complete set of active and passive instrumentation to assess the radiation field constituents (Reitz & Berger, 2006). Most notably, around 4,800 minia-ture thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLDs) are accommodated at the site of vital organs and embedded in polyethylene tubes that are arranged in a 2.54-cm orthogonal grid throughout the mannequin. In each mission, the Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics (ATI) at the Vi-enna University of Technology (TUW) was responsible for preparation, calibration, readout and evaluation of about 1,100 thermoluminescence (TL) extruded ribbons made of lithium fluoride (LiF) and doped with magnesium (Mg) and titanium (Ti) at the ppm level. Together with detailed numerical models of the human organism, the acquired dose profiles are expected to improve cancer risk projections for long-term human space exploration and support benchmarking of radiation transport algorithms.

Figure 1-1 | Modular design of the Matroshka facility. The urethane-based phantom body is covered by a pon-cho that simulates the skin. A carbon fibre container, thermally protected by a multilayer insulation, resembles the shielding properties of an extravehicular activity spacesuit. Image credit: DLR.

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Table 1-1 | Matroshka science consortium. Twenty-one renowned laboratories from Europe, Japan, Russia and the U.S.A. participated in the MTR-2K experiment.

Institution City, country Co-investigator(s)

AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Vienna, Austria Beck

Atomic Energy Research Institute Budapest, Hungary Apathy, Deme, Pálfalvi

Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden Sihver

Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Kiel, Germany Burmeister, Heber

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies Dublin, Ireland O’Sullivan

Eril Research, Inc. Stillwater, OK, U.S.A. Benton

German Aerospace Center Cologne, Germany Berger, Reitz

Health Protection Agency Didcot, United Kingdom Hager

Institute of Biomedical Problems Moscow, Russia Petrov

Institute of Nuclear Physics Kraków, Poland Bilski, Olko

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Tsukuba, Japan Nagamatsu

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA, U.S.A. Miller

NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, TX, U.S.A. Cucinotta, Zapp

National Institute of Nuclear Physics Florence, Italy Spillantini

National Institute of Radiological Sciences Chiba, Japan Uchihori, Yasuda

Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK, U.S.A. McKeever, Yukihara

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Germany Luszik-Bhadra

Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt, Germany Durante

Thales Alenia Space Italia s.p.a. Torino, Italy Lobascio

University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’ Rome, Italy Casolino

Vienna University of Technology Vienna, Austria Hajek

1.2 Mission Timeline

To assess the influence of variable shielding configurations, Matroshka was exposed under dif-ferent intra- (IVA) and extravehicular activity (EVA) conditions (Reitz et al., 2009). During the previous missions (Table 1-2), the phantom had been installed outside (MTR-1) and inside Zvezda (MTR-2B) as well as inside Pirs (MTR-2A), before it was moved to the Japanese Experi-ment Module (JEM) Kibō as part of the fourth mission (MTR-2K). The complete detector set was launched to the ISS by Progress 37P (M-05M) on 28 April 2010 from Baikonur, Kazakhstan, and loaded into the Matroshka phantom by Expedition 23 Flight Engineers Aleksandr A. Skvortsov (FE-1) and Mikhail B. Korniyenko (FE-3) on 4 May 2010 (Figure 1-2, Figure 1-3, Table 1-3). At the same time, Timothy J. Creamer (FE-6) cleared the stowage are in JEM for Matroshka installation. After handover to the U.S. Orbital Segment (USOS), Soichi Noguchi (FE-5) was responsible for transferring the facility to Kibō and mounting it in the Life Science Payload Rack F2 of the JEM Pressurized Module (JPM), with the front side of the phantom looking aft (Figure 1-4).

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Table 1-2 | Matroshka mission timeline. The experiment successfully accomplished four missions, which saw the phantom being exposed in- and outside the ISS. Download dates are given for undocking from the station.

Mission Activity Crew Date

Matroshka launch (13P) 29 Jan. 2004

MTR

-1

(200

4–05

) Extravehicular activity Foale, Kaleri 26 Feb. 2004

Extravehicular activity Krikalev, Phillips 18 Aug. 2005

Disintegration of passive detectors Krikalev, Phillips 14 Sep. 2005

Passive detector download (10S) 10 Oct. 2005

MTR

-2A

(2

006)

Passive detector upload (20P) 21 Dec. 2005

Integration of passive detectors McArthur, Tokarev 05 Jan. 2006

Disintegration of passive detectors Reiter 07 Dec. 2006

Passive detector download (STS-116) 19 Dec. 2006

MTR

-2B

(200

7–09

) Passive detector upload (15S) 10 Oct. 2007

Integration of passive detectors Malenchenko, Yurchikhin 18 Oct. 2007

Disintegration of passive detectors Lonchakov 18 Mar. 2009

Passive detector download (STS-119) 25 Mar. 2009

MTR

-2K

(201

0–11

) Passive detector upload (37P) 28 Apr. 2010

Integration of passive detectors Korniyenko, Skvortsov 04 May 2010

Disintegration of passive detectors Kaleri, Skripochka 10 Mar. 2011

Passive detector download (24S) 16 Mar. 2011

Figure 1-2 | Preparations for detector installation. The Matroshka phantom is getting ready for a new set of passive detectors being loaded into the channels and cut-outs of the anthropomorphic torso. Image credit: NASA.

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Figure 1-3 | Installation of passive detectors. Expedition 23 Flight Engineers Aleksandr A. Skvortsov and Mikhail B. Korniyenko install a new set of passive detectors in the channels and cut-outs of the Matroshka anthropomorphic torso. Flight Engineer Soichi Noguchi awaits the phantom for being transferred to Kibō. Image credit: NASA.

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Table 1-3 | Radiogram no. 2995u (4 May 2010). Crew activities involved detector installation and transfer of the Matroshka facility to the Japanese Experiment Module Kibō.

GMT Crew Activity

08:45-11:45

FE-1, FE-3

Matroshka. Installation of detectors into anthropomorphic phan-tom and handover to USOS

08:50-09:20 FE-6 Clear stowage area in JPM for Matroshka installation

11:45-12:00 FE-5 Transfer of Matroshka to Kibō

12:00-13:20 FE-5 Installation of Matroshka in Kibō

Figure 1-4 | Matroshka in Kibō. The facility was mounted in the Life Science Payload Rack F2 of the Kibō Pressur-ized Module as indicated, with the front side of the phantom looking aft. Expedition 23 Flight Engineer Soichi Nogu-chi is posing next to the experiment. Image credit: JAXA, NASA.

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On 10 March 2011, after a 310-day exposure, Expedition 26 crewmember, ESA astronaut Paolo A. Nespoli (FE-5), dismantled the Matroshka phantom and brought it back to the Russian Seg-ment (RS) where the passive detector set was removed by Flight Engineers Aleksandr Y. Kaleri (FE-1) and Oleg I. Skripochka (FE-2) and packed for return (Figure 1-6, Table 1-4). Download to ground was accomplished by Soyuz 24S (TMA-01M), along with Expedition 26 Commander Scott J. Kelly, Kaleri and Skripochka, undocking from the station on 16 March 2011 and landing at 7:54 GMT near the city of Arkalyk in north central Kazakhstan (Figure 1-6). Upon arrival at DLR headquarters in Cologne, the detectors were distributed to the participating laboratories for readout and evaluation (Figure 1-7).

Table 1-4 | Radiogram no. 5591u (10 March 2011). Crew activities involved transfer of the Matroshka facility to the Russian Segment and detector removal.

GMT Crew Activity

09:45-10:10 FE-5 Dismantle Matroshka in JEM

10:10-10:20 FE-5 Transfer of Matroshka from JEM to RS

10:10-10:20 FE-1, FE-2 Matroshka. Equipment setup and acceptance from FE-5

13:50-14:20 FE-1, FE-2 Matroshka. View DVD to remove anthropomorphic phantom

14:20-17:20 FE-1, FE-2 Matroshka. Remove and prepare detectors for return

Figure 1-5 | Removal of passive detectors from Matroshka. After the Matroshka phantom had been retrieved from Kibō and transferred to the Zarya Functional Cargo Block in the ISS Russian Segment, the passive detector set was removed and prepared for being downloaded to ground. Image credit: NASA.

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Figure 1-6 | Passive detector download. Expedition 26 crewmembers Aleksandr Y. Kaleri, Dmitri Y. Kondrat’yev, Oleg I. Skripochka and Paolo A. Nespoli (from left) pose for a photo with the Matroshka phantom in the Zarya Func-tional Cargo Block. Download of the passive detector set to ground was accomplished with a Soyuz TMA-01M space-craft on 16 March 2011, landing in north central Kazakhstan. Image credit: NASA.

Figure 1-7 | Matroshka passive detector pouch. Following the download to ground, the detector-equipped tubes, the organ and reference boxes, the poncho and the hood have been disintegrated at DLR headquarters in Cologne and distributed to the investigators for readout and evaluation. Image credit: DLR.

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2 DETECTOR INSTRUMENTATION

2.1 Matroshka-2 Kibō TLD Set

TLDs are nowadays used in routine radiological monitoring to determine absorbed dose from a variety of radiation qualities. Electrons released in ionizations are trapped at crystallographic point defects in luminescent materials over long time scales. These defects can be produced intentionally by doping of the crystal. Luminescence emission from the material may be trig-gered by thermal stimulation and used as a measure of the absorbed dose that the sample has received since annealing. Thermoluminescence (TL) intensity can be measured using a photo-multiplier tube. There is no doubt that the commercial development of an extended variety of solid TLDs, hot pressed and extruded ribbons, chips and rods, throw-away capsules, and Teflon™ discs, which can routinely yield 3% precision of measurement, have greatly influenced the acceptance of TLDs in many areas of scientific research (Horowitz, 1981). The most widely used class of TL materials is based on LiF, which provides a good compromise between the desired dosimetric properties (Furetta, 2003). The effective atomic number of LiF (8.14) is sufficiently close to that of biological tissue (7.4) so as to provide a response, which varies only slightly with photon en-ergy. It can thus be considered as tissue-equivalent for gamma and X rays. The most common intentional dopants in commercially available LiF TLDs are Mg and Ti. However, the TL proper-ties of LiF:Mg,Ti are dependent to a very significant extent on the details of the method of preparation. The TLDs used by the Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics (ATI) in the Matroshka-2 Kibō experiment were produced on request by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (former Harshaw Chemi-cal Co.). LiF:Mg,Ti dosemeters are known as TLD-100, TLD-600 and TLD-700, depending on their preparation from natural LiF or LiF enriched with 6Li or 7Li, respectively: 95.6% 6Li and 4.4% 7Li for TLD-600, 0.01% 6Li and 99.99% 7Li for TLD-700. In the single-crystal method, lithium fluo-ride (106 parts by weight), magnesium fluoride (MgF2, 400 parts by weight), lithium cryolite (Li3AlF6, 200 parts by weight) and lithium titanium fluoride (Li2TiF6, 55 parts by weight) were mixed in a graphite crucible. The mixture was placed in a nitrogen-atmosphere oven to grow a single crystal by the Czochralski method at a temperature sufficiently high to obtain a homoge-neous fusion mixture. The mixture was then slowly moved to a lower temperature zone to allow progressive solidification (about 15 mm/h). Once the material was cooled, it was crushed and sieved between 60 and 200 µm. The resulting LiF powder was pressed at 3.5 to 108 Pa at a temperature of 700°C, pushing the mixture with a piston through a hole, which acted as a die. The bars obtained were cut into sections to prepare pellets of uniform size (3.2 mm × 3.2 mm × 0.89 mm), and finally the faces of the pelletized chips were polished. In order to avoid inhomogeneity of TLD response due to variation of dopant concentrations, the LiF:Mg,Ti extruded chips were requested from the same manufacturer’s batch (Table 2-1).

Table 2-1 | Matroshka-2 Kibō TLD materials. The dosimeter set provided by ATI included TLD phosphors with different response to the space radiation environment.

Phosphor Trade name Size (mm³) Batch no. Annealing 6LiF:Mg,Ti TLD-600 3.2×3.2×0.89 S-4545 (S-1) 1 h at 400°C, slow cooling 7LiF:Mg,Ti TLD-700 3.2×3.2×0.89 S-4762 (S-1) 1 h at 400°C, slow cooling

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2.2 TLD Annealing and Readout

Annealing of the employed TLDs at 400°C was always conducted in air using a calibrated Heraeus KM 170 furnace. The detector chips were subject to controlled slow cooling to room temperature (~24 h) in the furnace. The glow curves were read out by contact heating on a nickel chromium austentitic alloy (Nikrothal 80) planchet from room temperature to a maximum temperature of 480°C, at a linear heating rate of 5°C/s. To minimize spurious chemi- and tribo-luminescence, the measurement chamber was first evacuated to ~2.6 Pa and during readout flooded with ultra-pure (5.0) dry nitrogen gas. The in-house developed TL-DAT.II reader em-ploys photon counting using a Thorn EMI 9635 QB photomultiplier tube (PMT) with a bialkali photocathode. In order to attenuate the light incident on the PMT, neutral optical filters (NG3, NG5) were used for doses above 20 mGy. Subtraction of the residual background, comprised primarily of electronic noise and black-body radiation, was achieved by an exponential fit with a constant offset, which proved superior to experimental assessment of the residuum. Since LiF:Mg,Ti emits mainly in the visible range, the black-body background could be minimized through an optical-grade Corning Blue filter.

2.3 Pre- and Post-flight Calibration

In order to determine the detector response, allow for pre-selection of individual TLD chips ac-cording to sensitivity and verify constant detection properties with time, the TLD batches used for the Matroshka-2 Kibō mission were calibrated pre- and post-flight. TLD irradiations were conducted using a 137Cs source available at ATI (which was employed also for TLD initialisation) and the Philips Theratron 780C 60Co teletherapy unit at the Department of Radiotherapy of the Medical University of Vienna (Figure 2-1). At the latter facility, irradiations have been performed at a distance of 4.5 m from the source, the collimators being set to a field size of 2×2 m2 at the detector site. The TLD chips were kept in dedicated polystyrene holders, with the cover plate being sufficiently thick to approximate as close as possible secondary particle equilibrium. A reference standard for absorbed dose to water was established using ionization chamber measurements. The applied 0.6 cm3 NE Technology Farmer 2570/1B chamber was calibrated against the secondary standard maintained in the EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 accredited Dosimetry Laboratory Seibersdorf.

Figure 2-1 | Philips Theratron 780C. The 60Co teletherapy unit at the Department of Radiotherapy of the Medical University of Vienna was used for pre- and post-flight calibration of the Matroshka-2 Kibō TLD batches.

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2.4 TL Fading Characteristics

In order to investigate the magnitude of TL fading, i.e. the loss of TL output with time, ATI, DLR and the Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics (IFJ) of the Polish Academy of Sci-ences (PAN) initiated a dedicated experimental campaign. For each irradiation at the EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 accredited Laboratory for Calibration of Dosimetric Instruments at IFJ-PAN in Kra-kow, Poland, two identical TLD badges, each consisting of five TLD-600 and five TLD-700 chips, were used. One of them was stored in a lead-shielded container at room temperature, the other one in a freezer. Temperature was monitored carefully and recorded over time, the average amounting to 18.4°C and −17.2°C, respectively. Irradiations were always carried out at room temperature. Dedicated control badges were used to assess the dose from environmental background radiation, which was then subtracted from the reading of the irradiated TLDs. Dosemeter badges were exposed at different times (4 January 2010, 19 August 2010 and 24 March 2011) to an absorbed dose of 40 mGy from a 137Cs gamma-ray source. Calibration of the source was realized using a 30 cm3 ionization chamber that is directly traceable to the Polish primary standard. Figure 2-2 shows the TLD-600 and TLD-700 response for storage at room temperature and in the freezer, normalized to the most recent irradiation, for which no signifi-cant fading was expected. Taking into account statistical uncertainties, no fading effect could be observed, except for the badges irradiated at the earliest occasion on 4 January 2010 that have been stored at room temperature. However, it might be concluded that at least for the exposure period of the Matroshka-2 Kibō experiment fading is insignificant. Further TLD badges of the same composition were subject to six sequential gamma irradiations at a dose level of 4 mGy (exposure dates: 6 January 2010, 19 March 2010, 20 August 2010, 29 October 2010, 28 December 2010 and 24 March 2011), amounting to a total absorbed dose of 24 mGy. This particular scenario certainly came closer to the conditions of a space experiment, in which the dosemeters are continuously exposed to cosmic radiation. The doses read from both of the badges stored at room temperature and in the freezer, agreed within the statistical uncertainty with the nominal value of exposure of 24 mGy. This result confirmed the previous findings and demonstrated that fading is not an issue for the Matroshka-2 Kibō experiment.

Figure 2-2 | Fading study of TLD response. The dosemeter badges were exposed at different times to an ab-sorbed dose of 40 mGy from a 137Cs gamma-ray source and stored at room temperature and in a freezer, respective-ly. TL response was normalized to the most recent irradiation, for which no significant fading was expected.

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2.5 Charged Particle Response

TL response to heavy charged particles (HCPs) prevailing in the space radiation environment is significantly different from the response to gamma rays that are commonly employed for dosemeter calibration. While it is virtually impossible to simulate every detail of the charge and energy spectrum of all cosmic-ray components by a single terrestrial facility, it was plausible to mimic the major aspects of the cosmic radiation climate. The use of ground-based particle ac-celerator facilities had a number of advantages over space-born experiments. In a space exper-iment, the samples are always exposed to the full spectrum of charged particles and to the sec-ondary neutron component created when these particles interact with the mass of the space-craft and its contents. In a ground-based experiment, monoenergetic ion beams could be used, permitting investigation of the sample response to a small but well-defined subset of the space radiation environment. Additionally and perhaps most significantly, execution of ground-based research programmes can be carried out at a small fraction of the cost of spaceflight experi-ments. Well-defined high-energy charged-particle fields were available from the following ac-celerator facilities, access to which was granted free of charge on the basis of long-established co-operations and/or research grants:

• Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (HIMAC), Chiba, Japan

• NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), Brookhaven, NY, U.S.A.

• National Cancer Centre (NCC) Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan

• National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS)-930 Cyclotron, Chiba, Japan

• Heavy-Ion Synchrotron (SIS), Darmstadt, Germany. The following particles and nominal energies have been used to study the TL detector re-sponse to densely ionizing radiation:

• Proton (1H1+): 30, 50, 70, 200, 235 and 450 MeV

• Helium (2H4+): 50 MeV/u

• Carbon (12C6+): 400 MeV/u

• Neon (20Ne10+): 230 MeV/u

• Silicon (28Si14+): 490 MeV/u

• Argon (40Ar20+): 500 MeV/u

• Iron (56Fe26+): 500 and 1000 MeV/u. The particle energy and ionization density at the target, characterized by the linear energy transfer (LET), could be varied in a wide range by passing the beam through polymethyl meth-acrylate (PMMA) binary filters of adjustable thickness. Because of the lack of existing experi-mental data, particular attention has been paid to protons, which are the most abundant parti-cles in the cosmic-ray charge spectrum. From theoretical considerations, it was expected that TL response with respect to 60Co gamma rays exceeded unity, and there was good reason to as-sume that this effect might be batch dependent. Calibrations using protons have therefore been essential to quantify precisely the TL over-response, evaluate the contribution of different ion species to the measured TL signal and facilitate later convolution of experimental data from TLDs and plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs) contained in the Matroshka organ and poncho boxes.

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The measured relative TL response to a variety of charged particles and energies is given nu-merically in Table 2-2 for the TLD types employed in the Matroshka-2 Kibō experiment. The en-tries are based on a large number of individual measurements using five to eight TLD chips from each type. The observed behaviour of HCP TL efficiency with respect to gamma rays as a function of LET is connected with the dose response of the analysed glow peaks at high gam-ma-ray doses, which produce a similar microscopic dose distribution as low doses of densely ionizing particles. The over-response at proton energies of several ten MeV arises because a significant fraction of the local dose along the proton track lies in the supralinear region of the gamma-ray dose response. Similarly, the sharply decreasing efficiency for LET > 10 keV/µm is related to sublinear, saturation-like behaviour. A microdosimetric approach (Waligórski et al., 1986) approximated the radial dose distribution, D (r), along the particle track as

(2.1)

where Z* is the effective charge, v the particle’s velocity and c the speed of light in vacuum. For the same value of LET, the velocity of a particle with greater charge must be higher, leading to lower local ionization density and, consequently, to higher relative TL efficiency (Olko, 2007). As an example, TLD-700 relative efficiency is plotted over LET in Figure 2-3. It is evident that batch effects can be excluded as the recent measurements using the Matroshka-2 Kibō TLD batches fit excellently into the calibration data for other batches (Berger & Hajek, 2008a).

Figure 2-3 | TLD-700 relative efficiency for heavy charged particles. The measured response of the Matroshka-2 Kibō batch (coloured symbols) is plotted over LET and fits excellently into the calibration data collected for other batches (grey symbols).

D(r )! Z *2

(v /c )2r 2

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Table 2-2 | Heavy charged particle TL efficiency. TL response with respect to 60Co gamma rays has been meas-ured for TLD-600 and TLD-700 using a variety of ion beams and energies available from ground-based accelerator facilities as substitute for the cosmic-ray spectrum.

Particle type LET∞ H2O (keV/µm) Glow peak 5 TL efficiency w.r.t. 60Co gamma rays 6LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-600) 7LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-700)

Proton 0.3 ± 0.0 0.972 ± 0.035 0.970 ± 0.053

0.5 ± 0.0 1.039 ± 0.031 1.041 ± 0.021

1.0 ± 0.0 1.106 ± 0.044 1.120 ± 0.450

1.3 ± 0.1 1.165 ± 0.012 1.176 ± 0.033

2.1 ± 0.1 1.025 ± 0.027 1.091 ± 0.024

Helium 2.2 ± 0.0 1.147 ± 0.041 1.144 ± 0.053

3.1 ± 0.0 1.103 ± 0.068 1.144 ± 0.042

4.9 ± 0.1 1.035 ± 0.028 1.106 ± 0.021

5.7 ± 0.3 1.007 ± 0.015 1.065 ± 0.037

6.9 ± 0.4 0.963 ± 0.034 0.954 ± 0.042

8.3 ± 3.0 0.847 ± 0.010 0.848 ± 0.033

Carbon 11.0 ± 0.0 0.970 ± 0.023 0.958 ± 0.019

18.9 ± 0.2 0.854 ± 0.021 0.838 ± 0.046

30.3 ± 0.9 0.738 ± 0.025 0.737 ± 0.045

37.2 ± 3.0 0.697 ± 0.017 0.708 ± 0.009

Neon 46.2 ± 0.1 0.620 ± 0.025 0.598 ± 0.018

70.0 ± 0.3 0.588 ± 0.009 0.563 ± 0.014

92.9 ± 1.5 0.566 ± 0.031 0.537 ± 0.024

123.5 ± 6.0 0.558 ± 0.036 0.523 ± 0.030

Silicon 55.0 ± 0.1 0.613 ± 0.017 0.598 ± 0.029

74.2 ± 0.4 0.544 ± 0.027 0.560 ± 0.020

130.2 ± 2.0 0.540 ± 0.011 0.547 ± 0.014

151.4 ± 5.0 0.538 ± 0.011 0.536 ± 0.024

Argon 96.4 ± 0.2 0.573 ± 0.010 0.537 ± 0.011

140.8 ± 2.1 0.555 ± 0.010 0.528 ± 0.017

180.2 ± 1.5 0.535 ± 0.005 0.515 ± 0.010

315.9 ± 5.0 0.534 ± 0.029 0.487 ± 0.027

Iron 199.7 ± 2.3 0.490 ± 0.014 0.490 ± 0.011

266.7 ± 3.1 0.472 ± 0.009 0.475 ± 0.026

332.9 ± 7.6 0.454 ± 0.010 0.485 ± 0.018

401.4 ± 15.8 0.442 ± 0.010 0.456 ± 0.009

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3 MATROSHKA-2 KIBŌ EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

The broad range of particles and energies encountered in the space radiation environment im-plies that no single detector system is capable of providing sufficient information for reliable radiation risk projection. The Matroshka-2 Kibō experiment applied a variety of active and pas-sive detector systems, which complemented each other. Participation of ATI-TUW comprised TLD measurements in every second slice of the Matroshka phantom as well as dedicated detec-tor boxes deployed at specific organ sites (eye, lung, stomach, kidney, intestine and on top of the head) and in the poncho. The total number of LiF:Mg,Ti TLDs provided for the experiment accounted to 1,110 chips with different Li isotope enrichment (TLD-600 and TLD-700), sized 3.2 mm × 3.2 mm × 0.89 mm. TLD-600 and TLD-700 show almost identical responses to pho-tons and charged particles, but very different neutron efficiencies at energies below 200 keV (Hajek et al., 2000). Analysis of doses obtained from TLD-600 and TLD-700 arranged in paired configuration therefore indicated the presence of slow neutrons, reliably discriminating against other radiations (Hajek et al., 2002). The evaluated absorbed doses were corrected for the ambient background dose accumulated during transport and storage of the detectors on ground and on board the ISS, when the dosemeters had not yet been installed in the Matroshka phantom or already been removed from the facility. The ambient background dose was assessed by means of separate dosemeter badges stored on board and shipped along with the Matroshka TLD set. Since detector installa-tion took place only six days after launch and download to ground was accomplished six days after disintegration, the dose to be subtracted from the Matroshka TLD reading is minor: 3.68 ± 0.14 mGy for TLD-600 and 3.01 ± 0.17 mGy for TLD-700, respectively.

3.1 Matroshka Tubes

ATI-TUW supplied detector tubes equipped with a total number of 942 TLD-600 and TLD-700 chips in paired configuration, which were installed in 14 of the 33 slices of the Matroshka torso. TLD arrangement is illustrated in the technical drawings reproduced in the Annex (Figure A-1 to Figure A-14). The Matroshka coordinate system is illustrated in Figure 3-1, with the origin being represented by the central rod, along which the slices are stapled, the abscissa (x) oriented latero-laterally and the ordinate (y) pointing in antero-posterior direction. The z axis runs from top to bottom. The dosemeters were read out and evaluated in the ATI-TUW laboratory according to the pro-tocols outlined in Chapter 2. The distribution of absorbed dose rate measured in the Matroshka slices with TLD-600 and TLD-700 is given numerically in Table 3-1 to Table 3-14 and compared in a three-dimensional plot with results from DLR and IFJ-PAN (Figure 3-2). The excellent agreement of the data obtained individually by different laboratories is also evident from the xy-, xz- and yz-projections of Figure 3-3 to Figure 3-5.

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Figure 3-1 | Matroshka coordinate system. The measured response of the Matroshka-2 Kibō batch (coloured symbols) is plotted over LET and fits excellently into the calibration data collected for other batches (grey symbols).

Table 3-1 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 3. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

3 A1 269 63.5 15.6 65.0 0.303 0.218

A2 110 63.5 41.0 65.0 0.304 0.230

3 B1 261 38.1 -35.2 65.0 0.326 0.210

B2 267 38.1 -9.8 65.0 0.333 0.208

B3 289 38.1 15.6 65.0 0.342 0.201

B4 287 38.1 41.0 65.0 0.314 0.208

B5 262 38.1 66.4 65.0 0.301 0.241

3 C1 138 12.7 41.0 65.0 0.332 0.202

C2 276 12.7 66.4 65.0 0.309 0.232

3 D1 245 -12.7 41.0 65.0 0.333 0.204

D2 73 -12.7 66.4 65.0 0.302 0.222

3 E1 300 -38.1 -9.8 65.0 0.333 0.214

E2 81 -38.1 15.6 65.0 0.322 0.200

E3 291 -38.1 41.0 65.0 0.313 0.212

E4 272 -38.1 66.4 65.0 0.308 0.234

3 F1 63 -63.5 -9.8 65.0 0.328 0.218

F2 58 -63.5 15.6 65.0 0.339 0.224

F3 258 -63.5 41.0 65.0 0.362 0.234

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Table 3-2 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 7. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

7 A1 119 38.1 -35.2 165.0 0.318 0.228

A2 56 38.1 -9.8 165.0 0.325 0.217

A3 66 38.1 15.6 165.0 0.322 0.222

7 B1 200 -12.7 -73.3 165.0 0.317 0.223

B2 202 12.7 -73.3 165.0 0.318 0.224

7 C1 17 -12.7 41.0 165.0 0.326 0.244

C2 108 12.7 41.0 165.0 0.341 0.257

7 D1 260 -12.7 -47.9 165.0 0.345 0.225

D2 284 12.7 -47.9 165.0 0.352 0.223

7 E1 68 -38.1 -35.2 165.0 0.329 0.216

E2 268 -38.1 -9.8 165.0 0.341 0.219

E3 274 -38.1 15.6 165.0 0.351 0.226

Table 3-3 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 11. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

11 A1 15 88.9 -10.0 265.0 0.314 0.219

A2 247 88.9 15.4 265.0 0.341 0.212

A3 281 88.9 40.8 265.0 0.350 0.226

A4 48 88.9 66.2 265.0 0.301 0.235

11 C1 220 38.1 -10.0 265.0 0.371 0.226

C2 138 38.1 15.4 265.0 0.341 0.237

C3 121 38.1 40.8 265.0 0.339 0.223

C4 94 38.1 66.2 265.0 0.344 0.234

11 E2 237 -12.7 91.6 265.0 0.338 0.254

E4 263 38.1 91.6 265.0 0.344 N/A

11 F1 61 -12.7 40.8 265.0 0.338 0.216

F2 90 -12.7 66.2 265.0 0.327 0.226

11 H1 160 -63.5 -10.0 265.0 0.349 0.227

H2 241 -63.5 15.4 265.0 0.357 0.226

H3 137 -63.5 40.8 265.0 0.337 0.240

H4 222 -63.5 66.2 265.0 0.325 0.237

Page 27: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

Page 27 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901

Table 3-4 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 13. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

13 A1 299 139.7 -10.0 315.0 0.335 0.218

A2 297 139.7 15.4 315.0 0.334 0.207

A3 231 139.7 40.8 315.0 0.338 0.217

A4 116 139.7 66.2 315.0 0.315 0.232

13 C1 188 88.9 -35.4 315.0 0.348 0.225

C2 266 88.9 -10.0 315.0 0.368 0.212

C3 141 88.9 15.4 315.0 0.333 0.215

C4 235 88.9 40.8 315.0 0.342 0.227

C5 50 88.9 66.2 315.0 0.316 0.218

C6 265 88.9 91.6 315.0 0.327 0.240

13 E1 216 38.1 -35.4 315.0 0.372 0.211

E2 189 38.1 -10.0 315.0 0.331 0.224

E3 70 38.1 15.4 315.0 0.346 0.215

E4 92 38.1 40.8 315.0 0.338 0.218

E5 152 38.1 66.2 315.0 0.329 0.236

E6 67 38.1 91.6 315.0 0.337 0.253

13 F1 204 -12.7 -60.8 315.0 0.401 0.246

13 H1 120 -12.7 -35.4 315.0 0.413 0.234

13 I1 111 -12.7 40.8 315.0 0.360 0.219

I2 282 -12.7 66.2 315.0 0.331 0.211

I3 250 -12.7 91.6 315.0 0.331 0.238

13 L1 279 -63.5 -35.4 315.0 0.343 0.222

L2 172 -63.5 -10.0 315.0 0.344 0.216

L3 238 -63.5 15.4 315.0 0.326 0.228

L4 197 -63.5 40.8 315.0 0.330 0.221

L5 139 -63.5 66.2 315.0 0.322 0.238

L6 294 -63.5 91.6 315.0 0.331 0.238

13 N1 264 -114.3 -35.4 315.0 0.315 0.224

N2 219 -114.3 -10.0 315.0 0.336 0.208

N3 22 -114.3 15.4 315.0 0.339 0.214

N4 239 -114.3 40.8 315.0 0.345 0.213

N5 205 -114.3 66.2 315.0 0.303 0.224

Page 28: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

Page 28 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901

Table 3-5 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 15. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

15 A1 89 139.7 -35.4 365.0 0.341 0.215

A2 207 139.7 -10.0 365.0 0.350 0.212

A3 233 139.7 15.4 365.0 0.352 0.216

A4 124 139.7 40.8 365.0 0.343 0.212

A5 234 139.7 66.2 365.0 0.359 0.232

15 C1 104 88.9 -60.8 365.0 0.348 0.213

C2 246 88.9 -35.4 365.0 0.359 0.225

C3 34 88.9 -10.0 365.0 0.359 0.215

C4 55 88.9 15.4 365.0 0.348 0.225

C5 102 88.9 40.8 365.0 0.363 0.219

C6 106 88.9 66.2 365.0 0.361 0.214

C7 114 88.9 91.6 365.0 0.348 0.231

15 E1 249 38.1 -60.8 365.0 0.362 0.213

E2 273 38.1 -35.4 365.0 0.379 0.211

E3 126 38.1 -10.0 365.0 0.336 0.209

E4 283 38.1 15.4 365.0 0.356 0.212

E5 292 38.1 40.8 365.0 0.342 0.211

E6 53 38.1 66.2 365.0 0.339 0.217

E7 52 38.1 91.6 365.0 0.348 0.225

15 H1 158 -12.7 -60.8 365.0 0.344 0.211

H2 298 -12.7 -35.4 365.0 0.351 0.202

15 I1 98 -12.7 40.8 365.0 0.355 0.194

I2 240 -12.7 66.2 365.0 0.326 0.206

I3 271 -12.7 91.6 365.0 0.350 0.214

15 L1 295 -63.5 40.8 365.0 0.329 0.213

L2 64 -63.5 66.2 365.0 0.339 0.222

L3 97 -63.5 91.6 365.0 0.321 0.237

15 N1 101 -114.3 -35.4 365.0 0.339 0.208

N2 255 -114.3 -10.0 365.0 0.340 0.200

N3 146 -114.3 15.4 365.0 0.330 0.194

N4 280 -114.3 40.8 365.0 0.323 0.204

N5 228 -114.3 66.2 365.0 0.322 0.203

N6 194 -114.3 91.6 365.0 0.320 0.241

Page 29: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

Page 29 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901

Table 3-6 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 17. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

17 A1 93 139.7 -10.0 415.0 0.324 0.226

A2 42 139.7 15.4 415.0 0.328 0.236

A3 242 139.7 40.8 415.0 0.331 0.233

A4 145 139.7 66.2 415.0 0.319 0.244

17 C1 36 88.9 -60.8 415.0 0.349 0.222

C2 232 88.9 -35.4 415.0 0.351 0.227

C3 37 88.9 -10.0 415.0 0.348 0.203

C4 244 88.9 15.4 415.0 0.339 0.225

C5 149 88.9 40.8 415.0 0.342 0.241

C6 123 88.9 66.2 415.0 0.340 0.238

C7 163 88.9 91.6 415.0 0.356 0.238

17 E1 49 38.1 -86.2 415.0 0.324 0.223

E2 213 38.1 -60.8 415.0 0.352 0.221

E3 46 38.1 -35.4 415.0 0.339 0.204

E4 201 38.1 -10.0 415.0 0.355 0.209

E5 170 38.1 15.4 415.0 0.350 0.195

E6 105 38.1 40.8 415.0 0.334 0.211

E7 118 38.1 66.2 415.0 0.337 0.223

E8 79 38.1 91.6 415.0 0.330 0.227

17 H1 11 -12.7 -86.2 415.0 0.330 0.226

H2 75 -12.7 -60.8 415.0 0.340 0.213

H3 191 -12.7 -35.4 415.0 0.349 0.201

17 I1 76 -12.7 40.8 415.0 0.313 0.189

I2 112 -12.7 66.2 415.0 0.312 0.203

I3 23 -12.7 91.6 415.0 0.308 0.220

17 L1 107 -63.5 -60.8 415.0 0.346 0.210

L2 16 -63.5 -35.4 415.0 0.326 0.209

L3 134 -63.5 -10.0 415.0 0.321 0.202

L4 227 -63.5 15.4 415.0 0.309 0.197

L5 236 -63.5 40.8 415.0 0.318 0.197

L6 45 -63.5 66.2 415.0 0.307 0.216

L7 71 -63.5 91.6 415.0 0.343 0.226

17 N1 218 -114.3 -60.8 415.0 0.310 0.201

N2 159 -114.3 -35.4 415.0 0.304 0.198

N3 84 -114.3 -10.0 415.0 0.311 0.207

N4 154 -114.3 15.4 415.0 0.296 0.192

N5 60 -114.3 40.8 415.0 0.325 0.209

N6 243 -114.3 66.2 415.0 0.304 0.212

N7 147 -114.3 91.6 415.0 0.317 0.234

Page 30: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

Page 30 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901

Table 3-7 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 19. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

19 B1 20 88.9 -60.8 465.0 0.331 0.238

B2 143 88.9 -35.4 465.0 0.354 0.207

B3 130 88.9 -10.0 465.0 0.331 0.205

B4 142 88.9 15.4 465.0 0.307 0.216

B5 198 88.9 40.8 465.0 0.327 0.216

B6 150 88.9 66.2 465.0 0.320 0.221

B7 140 88.9 91.6 465.0 0.323 0.240

19 D1 135 38.1 -60.8 465.0 0.321 0.220

D2 206 38.1 -35.4 465.0 0.347 0.210

D3 69 38.1 -10.0 465.0 0.351 0.193

D4 214 38.1 15.4 465.0 0.338 0.201

D5 122 38.1 40.8 465.0 0.321 0.197

D6 72 38.1 66.2 465.0 0.337 0.221

D7 6 38.1 91.6 465.0 0.313 0.231

19 G1 212 -12.7 -60.8 465.0 0.326 0.208

G2 47 -12.7 -35.4 465.0 0.331 0.189

19 H1 8 -12.7 40.8 465.0 0.306 0.196

H2 21 -12.7 66.2 465.0 0.317 0.198

H3 209 -12.7 91.6 465.0 0.318 0.230

19 K1 51 -63.5 -60.8 465.0 0.340 0.217

K2 12 -63.5 -35.4 465.0 0.349 0.214

K3 19 -63.5 -10.0 465.0 0.328 0.222

K4 2 -63.5 15.4 465.0 0.324 0.200

K5 192 -63.5 40.8 465.0 0.344 0.217

K6 173 -63.5 66.2 465.0 0.305 0.214

K7 293 -63.5 91.6 465.0 0.319 0.239

19 M1 85 -114.3 -35.4 465.0 0.334 0.214

M2 59 -114.3 -10.0 465.0 0.326 0.208

M3 33 -114.3 15.4 465.0 0.320 0.218

M4 171 -114.3 40.8 465.0 0.318 0.224

M5 74 -114.3 66.2 465.0 0.320 0.223

M6 32 -114.3 91.6 465.0 0.325 0.234

Page 31: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

Page 31 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901

Table 3-8 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 21. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

21 B1 9 88.9 -35.4 515.0 0.345 0.206

B2 91 88.9 -10.0 515.0 0.357 0.220

B3 217 88.9 15.4 515.0 0.345 0.209

B4 14 88.9 40.8 515.0 0.364 0.214

B5 248 88.9 66.2 515.0 0.326 0.218

B6 224 88.9 91.6 515.0 0.321 0.244

21 D1 196 38.1 -60.8 515.0 0.342 0.221

D2 31 38.1 -35.4 515.0 0.341 0.188

D3 7 38.1 -10.0 515.0 0.337 0.195

D4 30 38.1 15.4 515.0 0.345 0.190

D5 251 38.1 40.8 515.0 0.325 0.197

D6 195 38.1 66.2 515.0 0.326 0.202

D7 164 38.1 91.6 515.0 0.323 0.229

21 G1 288 -12.7 -60.8 515.0 0.347 0.210

G2 168 -12.7 -35.4 515.0 0.352 0.204

21 H1 148 -12.7 40.8 515.0 0.325 0.200

H2 41 -12.7 66.2 515.0 0.309 0.207

H3 13 -12.7 91.6 515.0 0.320 0.227

21 K1 162 -63.5 -60.8 515.0 0.344 0.212

K2 278 -63.5 -35.4 515.0 0.313 0.193

K3 174 -63.5 -10.0 515.0 0.326 0.198

K4 185 -63.5 15.4 515.0 0.305 0.192

K5 40 -63.5 40.8 515.0 0.313 0.203

K6 178 -63.5 66.2 515.0 0.317 0.201

K7 131 -63.5 91.6 515.0 0.303 0.217

21 M1 80 -114.3 -35.4 515.0 0.326 0.217

M2 38 -114.3 -10.0 515.0 0.330 0.202

M3 99 -114.3 15.4 515.0 0.314 0.207

M4 127 -114.3 40.8 515.0 0.315 0.209

M5 86 -114.3 66.2 515.0 0.308 0.218

M6 277 -114.3 91.6 515.0 0.313 0.236

Page 32: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

Page 32 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901

Table 3-9 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 23. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

23 B1 221 88.9 -35.4 565.0 0.348 0.227

B2 27 88.9 -10.0 565.0 0.370 0.214

B3 208 88.9 15.4 565.0 0.342 0.211

B4 10 88.9 40.8 565.0 0.349 0.211

B5 117 88.9 66.2 565.0 0.357 0.233

B6 115 88.9 91.6 565.0 0.333 0.234

23 D1 3 38.1 -60.8 565.0 0.360 0.215

D2 77 38.1 -35.4 565.0 0.361 0.217

D3 193 38.1 -10.0 565.0 0.374 0.203

D4 166 38.1 15.4 565.0 0.338 0.188

D5 57 38.1 40.8 565.0 0.328 0.211

D6 290 38.1 66.2 565.0 0.356 0.207

D7 1 38.1 91.6 565.0 0.312 0.227

23 G1 65 -12.7 -60.8 565.0 0.377 0.229

G2 177 -12.7 -35.4 565.0 0.366 0.195

23 H1 161 -12.7 40.8 565.0 0.313 0.211

H2 254 -12.7 66.2 565.0 0.308 0.204

H3 5 -12.7 91.6 565.0 0.316 0.224

23 K1 169 -63.5 -60.8 565.0 0.344 0.223

K2 24 -63.5 -35.4 565.0 0.358 0.210

K3 211 -63.5 -10.0 565.0 0.354 0.205

K4 128 -63.5 15.4 565.0 0.345 0.197

K5 252 -63.5 40.8 565.0 0.323 0.202

K6 96 -63.5 66.2 565.0 0.321 0.205

K7 100 -63.5 91.6 565.0 0.321 0.239

23 M1 167 -114.3 -10.0 565.0 0.333 0.218

M2 78 -114.3 15.4 565.0 0.324 0.208

M3 184 -114.3 40.8 565.0 0.309 0.211

M4 176 -114.3 66.2 565.0 0.306 0.226

Page 33: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

Page 33 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901

Table 3-10 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 25. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

25 B1 28 88.9 -35.4 615.0 0.362 0.235

B2 109 88.9 -10.0 615.0 0.377 0.230

B3 259 88.9 15.4 615.0 0.340 0.206

B4 18 88.9 40.8 615.0 0.358 0.216

B5 144 88.9 66.2 615.0 0.336 0.224

B6 153 88.9 91.6 615.0 0.344 0.251

25 D1 296 38.1 -60.8 615.0 0.347 0.239

D2 285 38.1 -35.4 615.0 0.353 0.209

D3 44 38.1 -10.0 615.0 0.374 0.190

D4 129 38.1 15.4 615.0 0.329 0.197

D5 225 38.1 40.8 615.0 0.323 0.184

D6 95 38.1 66.2 615.0 0.326 0.175

D7 43 38.1 91.6 615.0 0.330 0.199

25 G1 132 -12.7 -60.8 615.0 0.367 0.195

G2 257 -12.7 -35.4 615.0 0.363 0.201

25 H1 62 -12.7 40.8 615.0 0.326 0.188

H2 286 -12.7 66.2 615.0 0.317 0.181

H3 215 -12.7 91.6 615.0 0.303 0.207

25 K1 39 -63.5 -60.8 615.0 0.340 0.213

K2 270 -63.5 -35.4 615.0 0.350 0.201

K3 156 -63.5 -10.0 615.0 0.410 0.192

K4 229 -63.5 15.4 615.0 0.343 0.188

K5 253 -63.5 40.8 615.0 0.336 0.185

K6 199 -63.5 66.2 615.0 0.296 0.191

K7 113 -63.5 91.6 615.0 0.312 0.206

25 M1 226 -114.3 -10.0 615.0 0.343 0.215

M2 157 -114.3 15.4 615.0 0.325 0.216

M3 88 -114.3 40.8 615.0 0.318 0.209

M4 306 -114.3 66.2 615.0 0.296 0.228

Page 34: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

Page 34 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901

Table 3-11 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 27. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

27 B1 310 88.9 -35.4 665.0 0.303 0.211

B2 308 88.9 -10.0 665.0 0.328 0.191

B3 256 88.9 15.4 665.0 0.360 0.200

B4 165 88.9 40.8 665.0 0.338 0.212

B5 210 88.9 66.2 665.0 0.345 0.189

B6 181 88.9 91.6 665.0 0.315 0.234

27 D1 179 38.1 -60.8 665.0 0.352 0.213

D2 29 38.1 -35.4 665.0 0.350 0.188

D3 103 38.1 -10.0 665.0 0.340 0.195

D4 83 38.1 15.4 665.0 0.373 0.237

D5 190 38.1 40.8 665.0 0.334 0.196

D6 182 38.1 66.2 665.0 0.336 0.192

D7 302 38.1 91.6 665.0 0.327 0.200

27 F1 183 -63.5 117.0 665.0 0.280 N/A

F3 180 -12.7 117.0 665.0 0.326 N/A

F5 275 38.1 117.0 665.0 0.443 0.250

27 H1 26 -12.7 -60.8 665.0 0.356 0.208

H2 312 -12.7 -35.4 665.0 0.353 0.200

27 I1 223 -12.7 40.8 665.0 0.303 0.179

I2 203 -12.7 66.2 665.0 0.315 0.182

I3 309 -12.7 91.6 665.0 0.313 0.207

27 L1 304 -63.5 15.4 665.0 0.334 0.185

L2 315 -63.5 40.8 665.0 0.315 0.193

L3 82 -63.5 66.2 665.0 0.329 0.197

L4 303 -63.5 91.6 665.0 0.308 0.196

27 N1 125 -114.3 -10.0 665.0 0.336 0.222

N2 87 -114.3 15.4 665.0 0.297 0.216

N3 175 -114.3 40.8 665.0 0.342 0.207

N4 54 -114.3 66.2 665.0 0.325 0.212

Page 35: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

Page 35 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901

Table 3-12 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 29. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

29 B1 155 88.9 -35.4 715.0 0.348 0.206

B2 151 88.9 -10.0 715.0 0.367 0.198

B3 320 88.9 15.4 715.0 0.332 0.187

B4 25 88.9 40.8 715.0 0.346 0.189

B5 317 88.9 66.2 715.0 0.323 0.198

B6 230 88.9 91.6 715.0 0.342 0.212

B7 316 88.9 117.0 715.0 0.343 0.238

29 D1 186 38.1 -60.8 715.0 0.327 0.202

D2 323 38.1 -35.4 715.0 0.350 0.199

D3 4 38.1 -10.0 715.0 0.367 0.202

D4 313 38.1 15.4 715.0 0.341 0.192

D5 324 38.1 40.8 715.0 0.324 0.179

D6 191 38.1 66.2 715.0 0.335 0.195

D7 305 38.1 91.6 715.0 0.314 0.196

D8 307 38.1 117.0 715.0 0.320 0.216

29 G1 327 -12.7 -60.8 715.0 0.320 0.209

G2 187 -12.7 -35.4 715.0 0.363 0.197

29 H1 314 -12.7 40.8 715.0 0.319 0.191

H2 328 -12.7 66.2 715.0 0.303 0.189

H3 322 -12.7 91.6 715.0 0.307 0.202

H4 301 -12.7 117.0 715.0 0.315 0.222

29 K1 326 -63.5 -35.4 715.0 0.332 0.199

K2 330 -63.5 -10.0 715.0 0.348 0.195

K3 318 -63.5 15.4 715.0 0.334 0.190

K4 325 -63.5 40.8 715.0 0.324 0.182

K5 329 -63.5 66.2 715.0 0.315 0.177

K6 321 -63.5 91.6 715.0 0.308 0.208

K7 319 -63.5 117.0 715.0 0.327 0.213

29 M1 136 -114.3 -10.0 715.0 0.333 0.213

M2 462 -114.3 15.4 715.0 0.323 0.209

M3 482 -114.3 40.8 715.0 0.314 0.204

M4 361 -114.3 66.2 715.0 0.270 0.206

M5 357 -114.3 91.6 715.0 0.310 0.216

Page 36: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Table 3-13 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 31. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

31 A1 494 139.7 15.4 765.0 0.308 0.220

A2 490 139.7 40.8 765.0 0.287 0.207

A3 497 139.7 66.2 765.0 0.314 0.227

31 C1 453 88.9 -35.4 765.0 0.339 0.210

C2 458 88.9 -10.0 765.0 0.342 0.208

C3 352 88.9 15.4 765.0 0.344 0.195

C4 468 88.9 40.8 765.0 0.316 0.188

C5 491 88.9 66.2 765.0 0.314 0.199

C6 351 88.9 91.6 765.0 0.312 0.193

C7 364 88.9 117.0 765.0 0.311 0.213

31 E1 451 38.1 -60.8 765.0 0.323 0.210

E2 480 38.1 -35.4 765.0 0.343 0.194

E3 461 38.1 -10.0 765.0 0.342 0.185

E4 452 38.1 15.4 765.0 0.335 0.182

E5 457 38.1 40.8 765.0 0.336 0.196

E6 465 38.1 66.2 765.0 0.293 0.195

E7 402 38.1 91.6 765.0 0.297 0.206

E8 401 38.1 117.0 765.0 0.297 0.214

31 H1 477 -12.7 -60.8 765.0 0.314 0.209

H2 500 -12.7 -35.4 765.0 0.345 0.196

31 I1 368 -12.7 40.8 765.0 0.316 0.181

I2 472 -12.7 66.2 765.0 0.320 0.187

I3 460 -12.7 91.6 765.0 0.313 0.203

I4 475 -12.7 117.0 765.0 0.315 0.221

31 L1 464 -63.5 -35.4 765.0 0.347 0.210

L2 496 -63.5 -10.0 765.0 0.337 0.209

L3 499 -63.5 15.4 765.0 0.330 0.194

L4 493 -63.5 40.8 765.0 0.336 0.201

L5 495 -63.5 66.2 765.0 0.288 0.195

L6 454 -63.5 91.6 765.0 0.317 0.192

L7 485 -63.5 117.0 765.0 0.323 0.208

31 N1 430 -114.3 -10.0 765.0 0.324 0.209

N2 478 -114.3 15.4 765.0 0.419 0.193

N3 445 -114.3 40.8 765.0 0.312 0.199

N4 488 -114.3 66.2 765.0 0.320 0.197

N5 455 -114.3 91.6 765.0 0.334 0.221

Page 37: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Table 3-14 | Absorbed dose rate in Matroshka Slice 33. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

33 A1 467 139.7 -10.0 815.0 0.299 0.224

A2 389 139.7 15.4 815.0 0.301 0.219

A3 367 139.7 40.8 815.0 0.301 0.220

A4 406 139.7 66.2 815.0 0.287 0.236

A5 456 139.7 91.6 815.0 0.297 0.241

33 C1 483 88.9 -35.4 815.0 0.308 0.234

C2 471 88.9 -10.0 815.0 0.323 0.212

C3 374 88.9 15.4 815.0 0.296 0.223

C4 498 88.9 40.8 815.0 0.291 0.221

C5 388 88.9 66.2 815.0 0.297 0.214

C6 463 88.9 91.6 815.0 0.322 0.221

C7 370 88.9 117.0 815.0 0.305 0.241

33 E1 487 38.1 -35.4 815.0 0.323 0.223

E2 417 38.1 -10.0 815.0 0.293 0.205

E3 484 38.1 15.4 815.0 0.289 0.194

E4 476 38.1 40.8 815.0 0.294 0.198

E5 474 38.1 66.2 815.0 0.285 0.197

E6 403 38.1 91.6 815.0 0.277 0.197

E7 470 38.1 117.0 815.0 0.297 0.228

33 F1 347 -12.7 -35.4 815.0 0.389 0.221

33 H1 486 -12.7 40.8 815.0 0.291 0.200

H2 436 -12.7 66.2 815.0 0.301 0.204

H3 397 -12.7 91.6 815.0 0.285 0.200

H4 309 -12.7 117.0 815.0 0.263 0.217

33 K1 442 -63.5 -35.4 815.0 0.311 0.212

K2 372 -63.5 -10.0 815.0 0.297 0.201

K3 343 -63.5 15.4 815.0 0.285 0.197

K4 469 -63.5 40.8 815.0 0.309 0.217

K5 466 -63.5 66.2 815.0 0.305 0.197

K6 415 -63.5 91.6 815.0 0.294 0.195

K7 373 -63.5 117.0 815.0 0.287 0.212

33 M1 398 -114.3 -35.4 815.0 0.310 0.222

M2 378 -114.3 -10.0 815.0 0.301 0.224

M3 433 -114.3 15.4 815.0 0.304 0.218

M4 381 -114.3 40.8 815.0 0.280 0.209

M5 416 -114.3 66.2 815.0 0.292 0.210

M6 394 -114.3 91.6 815.0 0.286 0.207

M7 426 -114.3 117.0 815.0 0.283 0.227

Page 38: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Figure 3-2 | Three-dimensional dose profile in the Matroshka phantom. The figures show the evolution of the absorbed dose rate distribution measured with TLDs from ATI (left), ATI and DLR (centre) and ATI, DLR and IFJ-PAN (right) at 1,597 points in a 2.54-cm orthogonal grid. Data from DLR and IFJ-PAN are preliminary. The back of the phantom was oriented towards the Kibō hull and shows significantly higher doses than the front.

Figure 3-3 | Projection of measured dose rates onto the xy-plane. The data evaluated individually by different laboratories are plotted as a function of the z coordinate (top to bottom).

Page 39: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Figure 3-4 | Projection of measured dose rates onto the xz-plane. The data evaluated individually by different laboratories are plotted as a function of the y coordinate (front to back).

Figure 3-5 | Projection of measured dose rates onto the yz-plane. The data evaluated individually by different laboratories are plotted as a function of the x coordinate (left to right).

The evaluated dose rates reveal a noticeable gradient of up to 35% from the outer towards the inner layers of the Matroshka phantom body. The dose rate was highest in the mid-back region where the phantom came closest to the spacecraft hull. Compared with previous missions ac-complished in Pirs and Zvezda, the neutron contribution in Kibō was significant, as can be seen from the different reading of the TLD-600 and TLD-700 detectors. The 60Co-equivalent neutron absorbed dose rate at energies below 200 keV was found to be as high as 0.160 mGy/d and, due to moderation of higher-energy neutrons, generally increased towards the centre of the body.

Page 40: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Analysis of the well-investigated LET-dependent high-temperature TL from TLD-600 and TLD-700 according to a method developed at ATI-TUW (Berger & Hajek, 2008b; Schöner et al., 1999) permitted obtaining information about radiation quality. Normalized to the glow peak 5-intensity and 60Co gamma-ray response (Hajek et al., 2006a, b), the so-called high-temperature ratio (HTR) exhibits a slope similar to that of the quality factor, when plotted over LET (Figure 3-6). Radiobiological experiments indeed revealed an empirical correlation of luminescence properties of alkali halides and biological endpoints, such as DNA strand breaks in human fibro-blasts (Fürweger et al., 2007), which not only confirms the validity of the high-temperature ratio as a tracer for the radiobiological effectiveness of a particular radiation field, but opens up promising opportunities for bioequivalent solid-state dosimetry. Analysis of the nanodosimetric response to different radiation modalities using track structure theory and general multi-target, multi-hit models made evident that the targets for radiation-induced effects in physical and bio-logical systems are of comparable size (Hajek, 2009).

Table 3-15 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 3. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

3 A1 269 63.5 15.6 65.0 3.113 1.460

A2 110 63.5 41.0 65.0 2.792 1.490

3 B1 261 38.1 -35.2 65.0 3.856 1.420

B2 267 38.1 -9.8 65.0 4.028 1.510

B3 289 38.1 15.6 65.0 3.973 1.509

B4 287 38.1 41.0 65.0 3.636 1.474

B5 262 38.1 66.4 65.0 2.801 1.473

3 C1 138 12.7 41.0 65.0 3.860 1.480

C2 276 12.7 66.4 65.0 3.293 1.506

3 D1 245 -12.7 41.0 65.0 3.857 1.497

D2 73 -12.7 66.4 65.0 3.257 1.469

3 E1 300 -38.1 -9.8 65.0 4.055 1.479

E2 81 -38.1 15.6 65.0 3.943 1.516

E3 291 -38.1 41.0 65.0 4.035 1.505

E4 272 -38.1 66.4 65.0 2.920 1.499

3 F1 63 -63.5 -9.8 65.0 3.188 1.440

F2 58 -63.5 15.6 65.0 3.102 1.484

F3 258 -63.5 41.0 65.0 2.792 1.521

Page 41: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Table 3-16 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 7. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

7 A1 119 38.1 -35.2 165.0 3.412 1.472

A2 56 38.1 -9.8 165.0 3.555 1.469

A3 66 38.1 15.6 165.0 3.329 1.446

7 B1 200 -12.7 -73.3 165.0 3.470 1.472

B2 202 12.7 -73.3 165.0 3.539 1.473

7 C1 17 -12.7 41.0 165.0 3.350 1.489

C2 108 12.7 41.0 165.0 3.312 1.400

7 D1 260 -12.7 -47.9 165.0 3.833 1.476

D2 284 12.7 -47.9 165.0 4.123 1.487

7 E1 68 -38.1 -35.2 165.0 3.660 1.482

E2 268 -38.1 -9.8 165.0 3.849 1.493

E3 274 -38.1 15.6 165.0 3.629 1.467

Table 3-17 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 11. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

11 A1 15 88.9 -10.0 265.0 3.260 1.520

A2 247 88.9 15.4 265.0 3.607 1.482

A3 281 88.9 40.8 265.0 3.480 1.478

A4 48 88.9 66.2 265.0 3.361 1.427

11 C1 220 38.1 -10.0 265.0 3.678 1.458

C2 138 38.1 15.4 265.0 3.788 1.509

C3 121 38.1 40.8 265.0 3.557 1.512

C4 94 38.1 66.2 265.0 3.335 1.498

11 E2 237 -12.7 91.6 265.0 2.779 1.516

E4 263 38.1 91.6 265.0 2.610 1.465

11 F1 61 -12.7 40.8 265.0 3.849 1.469

F2 90 -12.7 66.2 265.0 3.526 1.477

11 H1 160 -63.5 -10.0 265.0 3.530 1.495

H2 241 -63.5 15.4 265.0 3.646 1.473

H3 137 -63.5 40.8 265.0 3.481 1.437

H4 222 -63.5 66.2 265.0 3.339 1.495

Page 42: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Table 3-18 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 13. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

13 A1 299 139.7 -10.0 315.0 3.891 1.484

A2 297 139.7 15.4 315.0 4.002 1.536

A3 231 139.7 40.8 315.0 3.629 1.487

A4 116 139.7 66.2 315.0 3.299 1.530

13 C1 188 88.9 -35.4 315.0 3.779 1.518

C2 266 88.9 -10.0 315.0 3.778 1.528

C3 141 88.9 15.4 315.0 3.883 1.534

C4 235 88.9 40.8 315.0 3.671 1.552

C5 50 88.9 66.2 315.0 3.528 1.543

C6 265 88.9 91.6 315.0 3.118 1.525

13 E1 216 38.1 -35.4 315.0 3.979 1.504

E2 189 38.1 -10.0 315.0 3.964 1.548

E3 70 38.1 15.4 315.0 3.958 1.505

E4 92 38.1 40.8 315.0 3.827 1.478

E5 152 38.1 66.2 315.0 3.408 1.506

E6 67 38.1 91.6 315.0 3.200 1.521

13 F1 204 -12.7 -60.8 315.0 1.508 1.488

13 H1 120 -12.7 -35.4 315.0 1.488 1.456

13 I1 111 -12.7 40.8 315.0 3.972 1.446

I2 282 -12.7 66.2 315.0 3.689 1.516

I3 250 -12.7 91.6 315.0 3.136 1.539

13 L1 279 -63.5 -35.4 315.0 3.629 1.504

L2 172 -63.5 -10.0 315.0 3.750 1.514

L3 238 -63.5 15.4 315.0 3.755 1.531

L4 197 -63.5 40.8 315.0 3.538 1.509

L5 139 -63.5 66.2 315.0 3.369 1.519

L6 294 -63.5 91.6 315.0 3.013 1.538

13 N1 264 -114.3 -35.4 315.0 3.623 1.503

N2 219 -114.3 -10.0 315.0 3.894 1.482

N3 22 -114.3 15.4 315.0 4.000 1.498

N4 239 -114.3 40.8 315.0 3.759 1.500

N5 205 -114.3 66.2 315.0 3.438 1.528

Page 43: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Table 3-19 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 15. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

15 A1 89 139.7 -35.4 365.0 3.193 1.499

A2 207 139.7 -10.0 365.0 3.865 1.529

A3 233 139.7 15.4 365.0 3.786 1.505

A4 124 139.7 40.8 365.0 3.568 1.513

A5 234 139.7 66.2 365.0 3.251 1.528

15 C1 104 88.9 -60.8 365.0 3.488 1.470

C2 246 88.9 -35.4 365.0 3.832 1.476

C3 34 88.9 -10.0 365.0 3.791 1.492

C4 55 88.9 15.4 365.0 3.711 1.542

C5 102 88.9 40.8 365.0 3.589 1.480

C6 106 88.9 66.2 365.0 3.430 1.534

C7 114 88.9 91.6 365.0 3.070 1.492

15 E1 249 38.1 -60.8 365.0 3.876 1.458

E2 273 38.1 -35.4 365.0 4.169 1.498

E3 126 38.1 -10.0 365.0 3.902 1.538

E4 283 38.1 15.4 365.0 3.917 1.497

E5 292 38.1 40.8 365.0 3.612 1.447

E6 53 38.1 66.2 365.0 3.402 1.469

E7 52 38.1 91.6 365.0 3.162 1.513

15 H1 158 -12.7 -60.8 365.0 3.913 1.472

H2 298 -12.7 -35.4 365.0 3.985 1.498

15 I1 98 -12.7 40.8 365.0 3.766 1.499

I2 240 -12.7 66.2 365.0 3.641 1.497

I3 271 -12.7 91.6 365.0 3.180 1.444

15 L1 295 -63.5 40.8 365.0 3.572 1.465

L2 64 -63.5 66.2 365.0 3.243 1.479

L3 97 -63.5 91.6 365.0 2.999 1.506

15 N1 101 -114.3 -35.4 365.0 3.801 1.457

N2 255 -114.3 -10.0 365.0 3.788 1.485

N3 146 -114.3 15.4 365.0 3.693 1.494

N4 280 -114.3 40.8 365.0 3.646 1.500

N5 228 -114.3 66.2 365.0 3.373 1.496

N6 194 -114.3 91.6 365.0 2.811 1.523

Page 44: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Table 3-20 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 17. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

17 A1 93 139.7 -10.0 415.0 3.048 1.487

A2 42 139.7 15.4 415.0 3.076 1.489

A3 242 139.7 40.8 415.0 3.114 1.463

A4 145 139.7 66.2 415.0 2.677 1.501

17 C1 36 88.9 -60.8 415.0 3.530 1.440

C2 232 88.9 -35.4 415.0 3.814 1.498

C3 37 88.9 -10.0 415.0 3.748 1.444

C4 244 88.9 15.4 415.0 3.610 1.465

C5 149 88.9 40.8 415.0 3.497 1.461

C6 123 88.9 66.2 415.0 3.278 1.506

C7 163 88.9 91.6 415.0 3.061 1.452

17 E1 49 38.1 -86.2 415.0 3.385 1.501

E2 213 38.1 -60.8 415.0 3.942 1.338

E3 46 38.1 -35.4 415.0 4.068 1.462

E4 201 38.1 -10.0 415.0 4.100 1.507

E5 170 38.1 15.4 415.0 3.971 1.486

E6 105 38.1 40.8 415.0 3.872 1.464

E7 118 38.1 66.2 415.0 3.471 1.466

E8 79 38.1 91.6 415.0 3.162 1.490

17 H1 11 -12.7 -86.2 415.0 3.516 1.429

H2 75 -12.7 -60.8 415.0 4.042 1.444

H3 191 -12.7 -35.4 415.0 4.164 1.436

17 I1 76 -12.7 40.8 415.0 3.921 1.462

I2 112 -12.7 66.2 415.0 3.614 1.426

I3 23 -12.7 91.6 415.0 3.236 1.412

17 L1 107 -63.5 -60.8 415.0 3.694 1.412

L2 16 -63.5 -35.4 415.0 3.848 1.435

L3 134 -63.5 -10.0 415.0 3.827 1.460

L4 227 -63.5 15.4 415.0 3.697 1.405

L5 236 -63.5 40.8 415.0 3.511 1.426

L6 45 -63.5 66.2 415.0 3.383 1.410

L7 71 -63.5 91.6 415.0 2.971 1.458

17 N1 218 -114.3 -60.8 415.0 3.297 1.450

N2 159 -114.3 -35.4 415.0 3.718 1.426

N3 84 -114.3 -10.0 415.0 3.632 1.437

N4 154 -114.3 15.4 415.0 3.574 1.442

N5 60 -114.3 40.8 415.0 3.281 1.463

N6 243 -114.3 66.2 415.0 3.236 1.424

N7 147 -114.3 91.6 415.0 2.828 1.422

Page 45: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Table 3-21 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 19. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

19 B1 20 88.9 -60.8 465.0 3.381 1.465

B2 143 88.9 -35.4 465.0 3.968 1.508

B3 130 88.9 -10.0 465.0 3.900 1.525

B4 142 88.9 15.4 465.0 3.922 1.522

B5 198 88.9 40.8 465.0 3.814 1.521

B6 150 88.9 66.2 465.0 3.619 1.484

B7 140 88.9 91.6 465.0 3.101 1.531

19 D1 135 38.1 -60.8 465.0 4.055 1.530

D2 206 38.1 -35.4 465.0 4.262 1.479

D3 69 38.1 -10.0 465.0 4.357 1.495

D4 214 38.1 15.4 465.0 4.248 1.498

D5 122 38.1 40.8 465.0 4.002 1.460

D6 72 38.1 66.2 465.0 3.720 1.500

D7 6 38.1 91.6 465.0 3.272 1.531

19 G1 212 -12.7 -60.8 465.0 4.274 1.522

G2 47 -12.7 -35.4 465.0 4.339 1.482

19 H1 8 -12.7 40.8 465.0 4.047 1.460

H2 21 -12.7 66.2 465.0 3.771 1.486

H3 209 -12.7 91.6 465.0 3.191 1.513

19 K1 51 -63.5 -60.8 465.0 3.801 1.489

K2 12 -63.5 -35.4 465.0 3.799 1.503

K3 19 -63.5 -10.0 465.0 3.913 1.446

K4 2 -63.5 15.4 465.0 3.775 1.532

K5 192 -63.5 40.8 465.0 3.769 1.536

K6 173 -63.5 66.2 465.0 3.478 1.526

K7 293 -63.5 91.6 465.0 3.077 1.503

19 M1 85 -114.3 -35.4 465.0 3.578 1.516

M2 59 -114.3 -10.0 465.0 3.628 1.478

M3 33 -114.3 15.4 465.0 3.632 1.489

M4 171 -114.3 40.8 465.0 3.478 1.546

M5 74 -114.3 66.2 465.0 3.371 1.511

M6 32 -114.3 91.6 465.0 2.888 1.521

Page 46: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Table 3-22 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 21. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

21 B1 9 88.9 -35.4 515.0 3.862 1.544

B2 91 88.9 -10.0 515.0 4.127 1.500

B3 217 88.9 15.4 515.0 4.106 1.495

B4 14 88.9 40.8 515.0 4.049 1.528

B5 248 88.9 66.2 515.0 3.812 1.456

B6 224 88.9 91.6 515.0 3.145 1.526

21 D1 196 38.1 -60.8 515.0 3.941 1.523

D2 31 38.1 -35.4 515.0 4.282 1.511

D3 7 38.1 -10.0 515.0 4.154 1.503

D4 30 38.1 15.4 515.0 4.371 1.495

D5 251 38.1 40.8 515.0 4.042 1.511

D6 195 38.1 66.2 515.0 3.800 1.516

D7 164 38.1 91.6 515.0 3.253 1.532

21 G1 288 -12.7 -60.8 515.0 4.121 1.529

G2 168 -12.7 -35.4 515.0 4.399 1.513

21 H1 148 -12.7 40.8 515.0 4.124 1.475

H2 41 -12.7 66.2 515.0 3.751 1.492

H3 13 -12.7 91.6 515.0 3.134 1.536

21 K1 162 -63.5 -60.8 515.0 3.667 1.472

K2 278 -63.5 -35.4 515.0 3.966 1.514

K3 174 -63.5 -10.0 515.0 4.125 1.520

K4 185 -63.5 15.4 515.0 4.132 1.484

K5 40 -63.5 40.8 515.0 3.936 1.522

K6 178 -63.5 66.2 515.0 3.639 1.513

K7 131 -63.5 91.6 515.0 3.289 1.513

21 M1 80 -114.3 -35.4 515.0 3.484 1.520

M2 38 -114.3 -10.0 515.0 3.706 1.483

M3 99 -114.3 15.4 515.0 3.840 1.542

M4 127 -114.3 40.8 515.0 3.633 1.518

M5 86 -114.3 66.2 515.0 3.539 1.525

M6 277 -114.3 91.6 515.0 2.821 1.538

Page 47: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

Page 47 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901

Table 3-23 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 23. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

23 B1 221 88.9 -35.4 565.0 3.788 1.516

B2 27 88.9 -10.0 565.0 4.102 1.550

B3 208 88.9 15.4 565.0 4.177 1.515

B4 10 88.9 40.8 565.0 3.825 1.484

B5 117 88.9 66.2 565.0 3.481 1.541

B6 115 88.9 91.6 565.0 2.960 1.541

23 D1 3 38.1 -60.8 565.0 4.074 1.515

D2 77 38.1 -35.4 565.0 4.374 1.494

D3 193 38.1 -10.0 565.0 4.400 1.487

D4 166 38.1 15.4 565.0 4.236 1.500

D5 57 38.1 40.8 565.0 4.029 1.496

D6 290 38.1 66.2 565.0 3.665 1.484

D7 1 38.1 91.6 565.0 3.127 1.497

23 G1 65 -12.7 -60.8 565.0 4.151 1.489

G2 177 -12.7 -35.4 565.0 4.231 1.502

23 H1 161 -12.7 40.8 565.0 4.077 1.483

H2 254 -12.7 66.2 565.0 3.670 1.524

H3 5 -12.7 91.6 565.0 3.217 1.525

23 K1 169 -63.5 -60.8 565.0 3.628 1.521

K2 24 -63.5 -35.4 565.0 4.150 1.506

K3 211 -63.5 -10.0 565.0 4.112 1.517

K4 128 -63.5 15.4 565.0 4.205 1.505

K5 252 -63.5 40.8 565.0 3.938 1.473

K6 96 -63.5 66.2 565.0 3.469 1.466

K7 100 -63.5 91.6 565.0 3.048 1.518

23 M1 167 -114.3 -10.0 565.0 3.565 1.496

M2 78 -114.3 15.4 565.0 3.630 1.476

M3 184 -114.3 40.8 565.0 3.463 1.547

M4 176 -114.3 66.2 565.0 3.171 1.510

Page 48: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

Page 48 of 73 ATIS1201 Date 20/01/2011, Issue 1, Revision 0 UID AT U37675002 DVR 0005886 UniCredit Bank Austria AG BIC BKAUATWW IBAN AT14 1200 0514 2914 1901

Table 3-24 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 25. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

25 B1 28 88.9 -35.4 615.0 N/A 1.492

B2 109 88.9 -10.0 615.0 3.850 1.479

B3 259 88.9 15.4 615.0 3.973 1.492

B4 18 88.9 40.8 615.0 3.924 1.490

B5 144 88.9 66.2 615.0 3.609 1.502

B6 153 88.9 91.6 615.0 3.061 1.489

25 D1 296 38.1 -60.8 615.0 3.692 1.494

D2 285 38.1 -35.4 615.0 4.229 1.511

D3 44 38.1 -10.0 615.0 3.985 1.476

D4 129 38.1 15.4 615.0 4.072 1.474

D5 225 38.1 40.8 615.0 3.997 1.444

D6 95 38.1 66.2 615.0 3.800 1.498

D7 43 38.1 91.6 615.0 3.334 1.511

25 G1 132 -12.7 -60.8 615.0 3.972 1.483

G2 257 -12.7 -35.4 615.0 4.213 1.483

25 H1 62 -12.7 40.8 615.0 4.077 1.493

H2 286 -12.7 66.2 615.0 3.806 1.495

H3 215 -12.7 91.6 615.0 3.276 1.478

25 K1 39 -63.5 -60.8 615.0 3.451 1.460

K2 270 -63.5 -35.4 615.0 4.077 1.450

K3 156 -63.5 -10.0 615.0 3.559 1.452

K4 229 -63.5 15.4 615.0 4.087 1.435

K5 253 -63.5 40.8 615.0 3.953 1.534

K6 199 -63.5 66.2 615.0 3.754 1.492

K7 113 -63.5 91.6 615.0 3.203 1.535

25 M1 226 -114.3 -10.0 615.0 3.263 1.504

M2 157 -114.3 15.4 615.0 3.425 1.457

M3 88 -114.3 40.8 615.0 3.331 1.485

M4 306 -114.3 66.2 615.0 3.090 1.517

Page 49: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Table 3-25 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 27. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

27 B1 310 88.9 -35.4 665.0 3.353 1.525

B2 308 88.9 -10.0 665.0 3.801 1.518

B3 256 88.9 15.4 665.0 3.840 1.485

B4 165 88.9 40.8 665.0 4.053 1.465

B5 210 88.9 66.2 665.0 3.768 1.504

B6 181 88.9 91.6 665.0 3.358 1.493

27 D1 179 38.1 -60.8 665.0 3.432 1.488

D2 29 38.1 -35.4 665.0 4.183 1.519

D3 103 38.1 -10.0 665.0 4.241 1.514

D4 83 38.1 15.4 665.0 4.110 1.484

D5 190 38.1 40.8 665.0 4.077 1.473

D6 182 38.1 66.2 665.0 3.920 1.422

D7 302 38.1 91.6 665.0 3.474 1.458

27 F1 183 -63.5 117.0 665.0 2.479 N/A

F3 180 -12.7 117.0 665.0 2.357 N/A

F5 275 38.1 117.0 665.0 N/A 1.540

27 H1 26 -12.7 -60.8 665.0 3.848 1.468

H2 312 -12.7 -35.4 665.0 4.233 1.506

27 I1 223 -12.7 40.8 665.0 4.329 1.467

I2 203 -12.7 66.2 665.0 3.812 1.488

I3 309 -12.7 91.6 665.0 3.540 1.485

27 L1 304 -63.5 15.4 665.0 4.103 1.465

L2 315 -63.5 40.8 665.0 4.076 1.492

L3 82 -63.5 66.2 665.0 3.869 1.475

L4 303 -63.5 91.6 665.0 3.483 1.518

27 N1 125 -114.3 -10.0 665.0 3.101 1.479

N2 87 -114.3 15.4 665.0 3.483 1.499

N3 175 -114.3 40.8 665.0 3.459 1.513

N4 54 -114.3 66.2 665.0 3.245 1.499

Page 50: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Table 3-26 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 29. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

29 B1 155 88.9 -35.4 715.0 3.583 1.488

B2 151 88.9 -10.0 715.0 4.181 1.510

B3 320 88.9 15.4 715.0 4.298 1.512

B4 25 88.9 40.8 715.0 4.118 1.501

B5 317 88.9 66.2 715.0 3.980 1.480

B6 230 88.9 91.6 715.0 3.653 1.484

B7 316 88.9 117.0 715.0 2.922 1.492

29 D1 186 38.1 -60.8 715.0 3.647 1.490

D2 323 38.1 -35.4 715.0 4.294 1.486

D3 4 38.1 -10.0 715.0 4.356 1.477

D4 313 38.1 15.4 715.0 4.348 1.524

D5 324 38.1 40.8 715.0 4.175 1.530

D6 191 38.1 66.2 715.0 3.951 1.499

D7 305 38.1 91.6 715.0 3.688 1.494

D8 307 38.1 117.0 715.0 3.100 1.536

29 G1 327 -12.7 -60.8 715.0 3.811 1.476

G2 187 -12.7 -35.4 715.0 4.417 1.442

29 H1 314 -12.7 40.8 715.0 4.156 1.498

H2 328 -12.7 66.2 715.0 3.926 1.459

H3 322 -12.7 91.6 715.0 3.767 1.497

H4 301 -12.7 117.0 715.0 3.016 1.556

29 K1 326 -63.5 -35.4 715.0 3.731 1.497

K2 330 -63.5 -10.0 715.0 4.279 1.511

K3 318 -63.5 15.4 715.0 4.237 1.512

K4 325 -63.5 40.8 715.0 4.150 1.494

K5 329 -63.5 66.2 715.0 3.907 1.538

K6 321 -63.5 91.6 715.0 3.548 1.514

K7 319 -63.5 117.0 715.0 3.037 1.532

29 M1 136 -114.3 -10.0 715.0 3.549 1.525

M2 462 -114.3 15.4 715.0 3.716 1.490

M3 482 -114.3 40.8 715.0 3.853 1.504

M4 361 -114.3 66.2 715.0 3.444 1.525

M5 357 -114.3 91.6 715.0 3.182 1.768

Page 51: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Table 3-27 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 31. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

31 A1 494 139.7 15.4 765.0 3.267 1.545

A2 490 139.7 40.8 765.0 3.349 1.549

A3 497 139.7 66.2 765.0 3.023 1.527

31 C1 453 88.9 -35.4 765.0 3.902 1.532

C2 458 88.9 -10.0 765.0 4.360 1.571

C3 352 88.9 15.4 765.0 4.321 1.546

C4 468 88.9 40.8 765.0 4.210 1.539

C5 491 88.9 66.2 765.0 4.145 1.569

C6 351 88.9 91.6 765.0 3.855 1.607

C7 364 88.9 117.0 765.0 3.338 1.524

31 E1 451 38.1 -60.8 765.0 3.523 1.514

E2 480 38.1 -35.4 765.0 4.219 1.496

E3 461 38.1 -10.0 765.0 4.509 1.568

E4 452 38.1 15.4 765.0 4.349 1.515

E5 457 38.1 40.8 765.0 4.262 1.503

E6 465 38.1 66.2 765.0 4.056 1.525

E7 402 38.1 91.6 765.0 3.850 1.476

E8 401 38.1 117.0 765.0 3.388 1.513

31 H1 477 -12.7 -60.8 765.0 3.749 1.612

H2 500 -12.7 -35.4 765.0 4.278 1.524

31 I1 368 -12.7 40.8 765.0 4.285 1.540

I2 472 -12.7 66.2 765.0 4.141 1.528

I3 460 -12.7 91.6 765.0 3.754 1.526

I4 475 -12.7 117.0 765.0 3.164 1.545

31 L1 464 -63.5 -35.4 765.0 3.987 1.521

L2 496 -63.5 -10.0 765.0 4.166 1.514

L3 499 -63.5 15.4 765.0 4.291 1.543

L4 493 -63.5 40.8 765.0 4.281 1.541

L5 495 -63.5 66.2 765.0 3.912 1.565

L6 454 -63.5 91.6 765.0 3.862 1.519

L7 485 -63.5 117.0 765.0 3.377 1.586

31 N1 430 -114.3 -10.0 765.0 3.767 1.537

N2 478 -114.3 15.4 765.0 0.756 N/A

N3 445 -114.3 40.8 765.0 3.827 1.545

N4 488 -114.3 66.2 765.0 3.816 1.556

N5 455 -114.3 91.6 765.0 3.444 1.544

Page 52: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Table 3-28 | High-temperature ratio in Matroshka Slice 33. The margin of error is ±7% at a 95% confidence level.

Slice Position Chip Coordinates (mm) y z

High-temperature ratio x y z TLD-600 TLD-700

33 A1 467 139.7 -10.0 815.0 2.804 1.489

A2 389 139.7 15.4 815.0 2.984 1.475

A3 367 139.7 40.8 815.0 2.917 1.499

A4 406 139.7 66.2 815.0 2.898 1.475

A5 456 139.7 91.6 815.0 2.679 1.505

33 C1 483 88.9 -35.4 815.0 3.253 1.499

C2 471 88.9 -10.0 815.0 3.531 1.500

C3 374 88.9 15.4 815.0 3.402 1.508

C4 498 88.9 40.8 815.0 3.281 1.576

C5 388 88.9 66.2 815.0 3.237 1.455

C6 463 88.9 91.6 815.0 3.183 1.511

C7 370 88.9 117.0 815.0 2.938 1.530

33 E1 487 38.1 -35.4 815.0 3.314 1.480

E2 417 38.1 -10.0 815.0 3.063 1.508

E3 484 38.1 15.4 815.0 3.105 1.438

E4 476 38.1 40.8 815.0 3.262 1.504

E5 474 38.1 66.2 815.0 3.397 1.495

E6 403 38.1 91.6 815.0 3.183 1.494

E7 470 38.1 117.0 815.0 2.824 1.498

33 F1 347 -12.7 -35.4 815.0 N/A 1.493

33 H1 486 -12.7 40.8 815.0 3.213 1.490

H2 436 -12.7 66.2 815.0 3.288 1.473

H3 397 -12.7 91.6 815.0 3.111 1.529

H4 309 -12.7 117.0 815.0 2.759 1.441

33 K1 442 -63.5 -35.4 815.0 3.206 1.509

K2 372 -63.5 -10.0 815.0 3.415 1.524

K3 343 -63.5 15.4 815.0 3.262 1.492

K4 469 -63.5 40.8 815.0 3.265 1.432

K5 466 -63.5 66.2 815.0 3.267 1.477

K6 415 -63.5 91.6 815.0 3.165 1.491

K7 373 -63.5 117.0 815.0 2.871 1.531

33 M1 398 -114.3 -35.4 815.0 2.873 1.511

M2 378 -114.3 -10.0 815.0 3.195 1.503

M3 433 -114.3 15.4 815.0 3.280 1.506

M4 381 -114.3 40.8 815.0 3.192 1.493

M5 416 -114.3 66.2 815.0 3.092 1.503

M6 394 -114.3 91.6 815.0 3.023 1.491

M7 426 -114.3 117.0 815.0 2.610 1.536

Page 53: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Figure 3-6 | Dependence of high-temperature ratio and TL efficiency on LET. When plotted as a function of LET, the slope of the high-temperature ratio resembles that of the quality factor (left); the markedly increased effi-ciency of the high-temperature TL with respect to glow peak 5 may be used advantageously as indication of slow neutrons (right).

The markedly increased efficiency of the high-temperature TL with respect to glow peak 5 at LET > 10 keV/µm (Figure 3-6) makes the HTR an even more sensitive indicator of the presence of slow neutrons, which are detected through the 6Li(n,α)3H reaction in TLD-600. The HTR dis-tribution measured in 14 slices of the Matroshka phantom (Table 3-15 to Table 3-28) shows an increase in the HTR of TLD-600, while the HTR of TLD-700 is comparably constant.

3.2 Matroshka Organ Boxes

Absorbed dose rate and HTR measured by means of TLD-600 and TLD-700 dosemeters in six detector boxes placed at the site of vital organs (eye, lung, stomach, kidney, intestine and on top of the head) are summarized in Table 3-29 and illustrated graphically in Figure 3-7. Every box contained six dosemeter chips of each type supplied by ATI-TUW. While the absorbed dose rate measured with TLD-700 is highest on top of the head and slightly decreases towards the lower part of the Matroshka torso, this effect is compensated by an enhanced abundance of slow neutrons, which makes the dose distribution determined with TLD-600 comparatively flat. A similar behaviour is observed in the HTR.

Page 54: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Table 3-29 | Organ dose measurements in Matroshka. Absorbed dose rate and high-temperature ratio were determined using TLD-600 and TLD-700 thermoluminescence dosemeters. Statistical uncertainties were calculated from six individual measurements.

Box Organ Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) High-temperature ratio TLD-600 TLD-700 TLD-600 TLD-700

1 Eye 0.311 ± 0.012 0.227 ± 0.011 3.306 ± 0.257 1.441 ± 0.034

2 Lung 0.307 ± 0.009 0.218 ± 0.014 3.320 ± 0.126 1.422 ± 0.050

3 Stomach 0.300 ± 0.015 0.219 ± 0.008 2.972 ± 0.122 1.429 ± 0.023

4 Kidney 0.274 ± 0.010 0.223 ± 0.007 2.626 ± 0.060 1.483 ± 0.014

5 Intestine 0.298 ± 0.015 0.202 ± 0.008 3.115 ± 0.073 1.472 ± 0.020

6 Head 0.302 ± 0.007 0.263 ± 0.008 1.919 ± 0.035 1.478 ± 0.044

Figure 3-7 | Organ dose measurements in Matroshka. Absorbed dose rate is plotted from top to bottom and was determined using dosemeters with different neutron efficiency: neutron sensitive TLD-600 and neutron-insensitive TLD-700. Statistical uncertainties were calculated from six individual measurements.

3.3 Matroshka Poncho Boxes

Absorbed dose rate and HTR measured by means of TLD-600 and TLD-700 dosemeters in six detector boxes placed at different locations on the Matroshka poncho (mid thorax, upper ab-domen, lateral right, lateral left, mid dorsal and lumbar spine) are summarized in Table 3-30 and illustrated graphically in Figure 3-8. Every box contained eight dosemeter chips of each type supplied by ATI-TUW. Compared with the organ dose measurements, the dose rates absorbed on the skin much less depend on position, and the contribution of slow neutrons is significantly smaller than inside the body. A similar behaviour is observed in the HTR.

Page 55: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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Table 3-30 | Poncho dose measurements in Matroshka. Absorbed dose rate and high-temperature ratio were determined using TLD-600 and TLD-700 thermoluminescence dosemeters. Statistical uncertainties were calculated from six individual measurements.

Box Location Absorbed dose rate (mGy/d) High-temperature ratio TLD-600 TLD-700 TLD-600 TLD-700

1 Mid thorax 0.288 ± 0.010 0.236 ± 0.008 2.276 ± 0.085 1.487 ± 0.027

2 Upper abdomen 0.294 ± 0.010 0.238 ± 0.011 2.259 ± 0.099 1.488 ± 0.017

3 Lateral right 0.302 ± 0.013 0.255 ± 0.007 2.114 ± 0.079 1.518 ± 0.020

4 Lateral left 0.285 ± 0.006 0.235 ± 0.011 2.179 ± 0.077 1.514 ± 0.021

5 Mid dorsal 0.302 ± 0.004 0.264 ± 0.008 1.883 ± 0.056 1.523 ± 0.037

6 Lumbar spine 0.306 ± 0.010 0.264 ± 0.011 1.918 ± 0.057 1.524 ± 0.016

Figure 3-8 | Poncho dose measurements in Matroshka. Absorbed dose rate was determined using dosemeters with different neutron efficiency: neutron sensitive TLD-600 and neutron-insensitive TLD-700. Statistical uncertain-ties were calculated from eight individual measurements.

Page 56: TLD Data Analysis ReportTLD DATA ANALYSIS REPORT Matroshka-2 Kibō/Milestone 2 Passive Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Contract No. 4000104121/11/NL/FC Prepared by M. Hajek, Ch. Hofstätter

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4 CONCLUSIONS

The results obtained from passive TL dosimetry within the Matroshka-2 Kibō experiment allow for some important conclusions to be drawn. Although the tissue absorbed dose rate measured in Kibō (MTR-2K; 0.17 to 0.26 mGy/d) was on average 20% higher than in Zvezda (MTR-2B; 0.14 to 0.21 mGy/d), the dose profiles acquired from the outer to the inner layers of the anthropo-morphic phantom body were of qualitatively similar shape. As a direct consequence of the heavier shielding provided by Kibō and Zvezda, which absorbs a prominent fraction of cosmic-ray protons, the dose gradient towards the centre of the body was markedly flatter than in the less shielded Pirs compartment (MTR-2A; 0.12 to 0.28 mGy/d). The significant neutron contribu-tion registered in Kibō is believed to be the result of both projectile and target fragmentations within the spacecraft hull and might justify additional effort to investigate neutron effective dose. The agreement of doses evaluated by ATI-TUW with preliminary data provided by DLR and IFJ-PAN is outstanding and demonstrates the reliability of TL dosimetry in space.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors wish to express their gratitude for the support of the operating staffs and the fol-lowing collaborators during the ground-based experiments at high-energy accelerator facilities: Hisashi Kitamura, Satoshi Kodaira, Yukio Uchihori and Nakahiro Yasuda (National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan); Marco Durante, Chiara La Tessa and Dieter Schardt (GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany); Adam Rusek (NASA Space Ra-diation Laboratory). The experiments at HIMAC have been performed between February 2009 and February 2011 under Research Grant No. 20P240. In January and February 2011, proton irradiations could be realized at NIRS-930 Cyclotron and NCC Hospital East within the NIRS International Open Labor-atory programme, which further supported the project by covering a considerable part of the travel expenses for one scientist. Calibrations of the detector response to heavy ions at SIS have been conducted in August 2009 and April 2010 under Research Grant No. AO-08-IBER-12.

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A. ANNEX: TLD ARRANGEMENT IN MATROSHKA TUBES

Figure A-1 | Slice #3 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.

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Figure A-2 | Slice #7 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.

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Figure A-3 | Slice #11 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.

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Figure A-4 | Slice #13 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.

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Figure A-5 | Slice #15 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.

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Figure A-6 | Slice #17 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.

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Figure A-7 | Slice #19 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.

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Figure A-8 | Slice #21 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.

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Figure A-9 | Slice #23 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.

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Figure A-10 | Slice #25 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.

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Figure A-11 | Slice #27 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.

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Figure A-12 | Slice #29 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.

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Figure A-13 | Slice #31 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.

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Figure A-14 | Slice #33 TLD distribution. The drawing shows the scaled layout of TLDs inserted into polyethylene tubes. The dimensional outlines are given in mm. Tubes provided by ATI-TUW are framed in red.