New Basic Electrical Lab Manual

8/18/2019 New Basic Electrical Lab Manual

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UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM &ENERGY STUDIES

LAB MANUAL

HEAD LABS

H.O.D

Dr.Deepak sharma MR.

N.B.SONI

Page 1 ! 45


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LIST OF E"PERIMENT

#. T $er%! The$e'%'(s )herem.

*. TO $er%! S+per Ps%)%' )herem.

,. TO $er%! Ma-%m+m Per )herem.

/. S)+0 phe'me'' ! res'a'1e %' RL2 ser%es 1%r1+%).

3. T s)+0 L2R para44e4 1%r1+%)s %' res'a'1e 1'0%)%'.

5. Meas+reme') ! e61%e'1 ! a s%'g4e phase

)ra's!rmer 7 4a0 )es).

8. T 1''e1)9s)ar)9re$erse )he 0%re1)%' ! r)a)%' a'0

meas+reme') spee0 ! a ,:phase I'0+1)%' m)r.

;. T 0e)erm%'e 4a0 1hara1)er%s)%1s ! a sh+') +'0 D2

Ge'era)r.

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2ONTENTS

#. OB. RELATED SHORT =UESTIONS

#?. REFERREN2ES

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VERIFI2ATION OF

THEVININ(S THEOREM

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5/45

E"PERIMENT NO.#

#. OB


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*(&. 1: S+,ema!(+ (a&am of appaa!"# fo +o%"+!(o%

3.TE/R0 APPLIATI/NC

Sme)%mes e a') ) 0e)erm%'e )he resp'se @2+rre')9

V4)age r per 0e4%$ere0 %' a s%'g4e 4a0 res%s)a'1e %'

'e)rk 7 a s%mp4e e+%$a4e') 1%r1+%). De)erm%'%'g )he

resp'se %' )he 4a0 res%s)a'1e )he' 7e1mes m+1h eas%er.

The +se ! )h%s )herem %s $er he4p!+4 & )%me sa$%'g he'

e ha$e ) '0 )he resp'se %' a' 7ra'1h ! a g%$e'

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7/45

'e)rk sh' %' F%g 7e4 !r 0%ere') $a4+es ! 4a0

res%s)a'1e.

A11r0%'g ) )he The$e'%'(s )herem A' 4%'ear 'e)rk

1')a%'%'g e'erg s+r1es @ge'era)r &

res%s)a'1es@%mpe0a'1es 1a' 7e rep4a1e0 7 a' e+%$a4e') 1%r1+%)

1's%s)%'g ! a $4)age s+r1e V TH %' ser%es %)h R TH. The $a4+e !V TH( %s )he pe' 1%r1+%) $4)age 7e)ee' )he )erm%'a4s ! )he

'e)rk a'0 R TH %s )he %mpe0a'1e meas+re0 7e)ee' )he

)erm%'a4s %)h a44 e'erg s+r1es )rea)e0 as pe' 1%r1+%). 2+rre')

a1rss )he 4a0 res%s)a'1e @RL %s g%$e' 7 )he e+a)%'

ILV THJ@R THKRL

4.EXPERIMENTAL PR/EDURE

• S!ep1: Rem$e )he 4a0 res%s)a'1e r )he 7ra'1h !rmr%g%'a4 g%$e' 1%r1+%)9 here resp'se r 4ps 1+rre')

ha$e ) 7e meas+re0.

• S!ep 2C al+"la!(o% of T o / : VO2 V.R*J@R#KR* V TH

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• S!ep 3: al+"la!(o% of RT: @# )here)%1a44C Bser%es:para44e4 r s)ar:0e4)a )ra's:!rma)%' e 1a'

1a41+4a)e )he )he$e'%' res%s)a'1e.

Here R THR#IIR*KR,@R# R*JR#KR*KR,

627 Pa+!(+all$: @% e 1a' meas+re )he The$e'%' res%s)a'1e 7

meas+r%'g shr) 1%r1+%) 1+rre') IS2 )hr+gh AB )erm%'a4 7

1''e1)%'g a' amme)er.

R ThV THJIS2

@%% e 1a' meas+re )he The$e'%'(s res%s)a'1e 7 +s%'g 0%g%)a4

m+4)%me)er.

• S!ep 4: N make )he e+%$a4e') 1%r1+%) a'0 1''e1))he s+pp4 ) V TH r VO29 The$e'%' res%s)a'1e R TH &

4a0 res%s)a'1e RL %' ser%es.

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• S!ep 5: N meas+reJ 2a41+4a)e )he 4a0 1+rre') IL )hr+gh 4a0 res%s)a'1e.IL V THJ@R THKRL

3.OBSERVATIONC

S.NO. There)%1a44 Pra1)%1a44#. S+pp4 $4)age

*. The$e'%' $4)age V TH rVO2

,. Shr) 1%r1+%) 1+rre') IS2

/. The$e'%' Res%s)a'1e!rm R TH

3. 2%r1+%) La0 2+rre') IL.ALULATI/N: IL V THJ@R THKRL9

R ThV THJIS2

.RESULTC

#. The $a4+e ! pe' 1%r1+%) $4)age @VO2V TH %s

$4)s.

*. The $a4+e ! The$e'%'(s res%s)a'1e %s

......hms.

,. The $a4+e ! 1+rre') a1rss 4a0 %s

.amps.

N)eCFrm )he rea0%'g9 %) %s !+'0 )ha) meas+re $a4+e ! 1+rre')

%'g )hr+gh )he 4a0 IL are )he same as 0e)erm%'e0 7

The$e'%'(s )herem.

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8.PREAUTI/N a% S/URES of ERR/R:

• A44 1''e1)%'s sh+40 7e )%gh).• A44 s)eps sh+40 7e !44e0 1are!+44.• Rea0%'gs a'0 1a41+4a)%' sh+40 7e )ake' 1are!+44.• D'() )+1h )he 4%$e )erm%'a4s.

9. RELATED S/RT QUESTI/NS:

1.,a! (# !,e "!(l(;a!(o% of !,e2.?(


11/45

VERIFI2ATION OF SUPER

POSITION THEOREM

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12/45

E"PERIMENT NO.*

#. OB


13/45

,.THEORY & APPLI2ATIONC

S+per ps%)%' )herem s)a)es )ha) %' a 'e)rk ! 4%'ear

res%s)a'1es 1')a%'%'g mre )ha' 'e s+r1e ! e.m.! )he

1+rre') h%1h s a) a' p%')s %s )he s+m ! a44 )he 1+rre')s

h%1h +40 a) )ha) p%') %! ea1h e.m.! s+r1e rep4a1e0 !r

)he )%me 7e%'g 7 res%s)a'1es e+a4 ) )he%r %')er'a4

res%s)a'1es.

/.E"PERIMENTAL PRO2EDURE:

• S)ep#C2''e1) )he 1%r1+%) as sh' %' g * )hr+gh pa)1h1r0s. 2's%0er '4 'e $4)age s+r1e a) a )%me9 rs) #*

$4).

• S%)1h ON( )he %'s)r+me') +s%'g ONJOFF s%)1h pr$%0e0 '

)he !r') pa'e4.

• N)e 0' )he respe1)%$e 1+rre')s %#9 %*9 & %, 7 1''e1)%'gamme)er ! *3?mA ra'ge %' ser%es ! res%s)a'1es R#9 R* & R,

%' )a74e #.

F%g *.

• S%m%4ar4 ')e 0' $4)ages V#9 V*9 &V,9 'e 7 'e 72''e1)%'g $4)me)er ! ra'ge #3V a1rss )he ea1h

res%s)a'1e %' )a74e#

• N 1''e1) )he 1%r1+%) aga%' 7 rem$%'g )he B# $4)ages+r1e9 )hr+gh pa)1h 1r0s. 2's%0er '4 'e $4)age

s+r1e a) a )%me9 se1'0 3 V4).

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• Repea) )he s)eps * ) 3• 2''e1) )he 1%r1+%) as sh' %' F%g #9 ) meas+re 'e)

a4ge7ra%1 s+m ! 1+rre') he' 7)h )he $4)age s+r1es

@#* $4) a'0 3 V4) 1''e1)e0 s%m+4)a'e+s4.• Aga%' repea) )he s)eps * ) 3.• 2mpare )he $a4+es ! 14+m's / &39 ; &> a'0 #* ,.

3.OBSERVATION TABLEC

Ta74e #

eas+rea' R# R* R,

I'

g*

I'

g

,

S+m

!

g*

&g,

I'

g

#

I'

g

*

I'

g,

S+m

!

g*

&g

,

I'

g

#

I'

g*

I'

g

,

S+m

!

g*

&g,

I'

g

4)ageV%@

#*9,4)s

+rre')

@#9*9,

mA

Page 14 ! 45


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5. 2AL2ULATIONC

8. RESULTC

;.PRE2AUTION & SOUR2E OF ERRORC

• I' A2 per s+pp4%es )here are a4as $ar%a)%'s prese')a) +)p+) 0+e ) +1)+a)%'s %' ma%'s %'p+). These

+1)+a)%'s ma 0%s)+r7 )he +)p+) res+4)9 s 7e 1are!+4

he' + are per!rm%'g $er%1a)%' ! s+per ps%)%'

)herem %' A2 1%r1+%)s.

• Res%s)a'1e )4era'1eC #?• 2he1k A2 +)p+) $4)age e$er )%me he' + areper!rm%'g )he e-per%me')s.

>. RELATED SHORT =UESTIONS:

#.De%e S"pepo#(!(o% !,eoem>

2.,a! o " mea% @$ !,e al&e@a(+ #"m of !,e

+"e%!#.

3.oC C(ll " % !,e +"e%! "e !o a #(%&le

#?. REFERRAN2EC *"%ame%!al of Ba#(+ ele+!(+al e%&(%ee(%& @$ ?.B

?UPTA

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VERIFI2ATION OF

MA"IMAM POER THEOREM

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17/45

E"PERIMENT NO.,

1. OB


18/45

,. THEORY & APPLI2ATIONC

A11r0%'g ) )he ma-%m+m per )ra's!er )herem as

app4%e0 ) D.2. 'e)rk9 a res%s)%$e 4a0 %44 a7s)ra1)

ma-%m+m per !rm a 'e)rk he' )he 4a0

res%s)a'1e %s e+a4 ) )he res%s)a'1e ! )he 'e)rk as$%ee0 !rm )he +)p+) )erm%'a4s9 %)h a44 e'erg

s+r1es rep4a1e0 7 )he%r %')er'a4 res%s)a'1e. I' )he

1ase ! A.2. 'e)rk 4a0 %mpe0a'1e sh+40 7e

1mp4e- 1'+ga)e ! s+r1e %mpe0a'1e.

/. E"PERIMENTAL PRO2EDUREC

• 2''e1)%' 0%agram %s sh' a7$e %' g+re9 here R %s-e0 a) sme s+%)a74e $a4+e9 4a0 res%s)a'1e RL $ar%es a'0amme)er a'0 $4)me)er rea0%'gs are ')e0.

• Th%s pr1ess %s repea)e0 !r 0%ere') $a4+es ! R.• Fr e$er $a4+e ! RL9 1+r$e %s p4))e0 7e)ee' per

1's+me0 %' )he 4a0 res%s)a'1e a'0 4a0 res%s)a'1e RL a'0!rm )he 1+r$e s 0ra' )he $a4+e ! RL !r ma-%m+m per0ra' %' 0e)erm%'e0.

3.OBSERVATIONC

al"e of R

S.N Re#(#!a%+e "e%! (% ol!a&e L PoCe +o%#"me

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o. RL (% o,m# ampee#

6IL7

(%

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20/45

2. I# (! alCa$# po##(@le !o opea!e a! Ma(m"mpoCe !a%#fe>

3. ,a! (# !,e eF+(e%+$ of ma(m"m poCe!a%#fe>

#?. REFERREN2ES: *"%ame%!al of Ba#(+ ele+!(+al e%&(%ee(%&@$ ?.B ?UPTA

STUDY OF PHENOMENON

OF RESONAN2E IN R L 2SERIES 2IR2UIT

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21/45

E"PERIMENT NO./

#.OB


22/45

*(&. 1: S+,ema!(+ (a&am of appaa!"# fo +o%"+!(o%


2's%0er a' A.2. 1%r1+%) 1')a%'%'g a res%s)a'1e R9 a'0%'0+1)a'1e L a'0 a 1apa1%)a'1e 2 1''e1)e0 %' ser%es as sh'

%' F%g.

O;;;

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A) res'a'1e $4)age9 "L"2 @%' mag'%)+0e '4 S 9 a)

res'a'1e

@% N) rea1)a'1e %s er %.e.9 " ?@%% Impe0a'1e ! )he 1%r1+%)9 R@%%% The 1+rre') %'g )hr+gh )he 1%r1+%) %s ma-%m+m a'0 %'

phase %)h )he app4%e0 $4)age. The mag'%)+0e ! 1+rre') %se+a4 ) VJ R.@%$ The V4)age 0rp a1rss )he %'0+1)a'1e %s e+a4 ) )he $4)age0rp a1rss )he 1apa1%)a'1e.@$ The per !a1)r %s +'%).he' )h%s 1'0%)%' e-%s)s9 )he 1%r1+%) %s sa%0 ) 7e %' res'a'1e)he !re+e'1 a) h%1h %) 11+rs %s k'' as res'a'1e !re+e'1.

I) %s 0e')e0 7 f r )he' "L "1 ωL #Jω2 *πf r L #J*πf r 2 f r #J*π√L2.Frm )he a7$e e-press%' %) %s 7$%+s )ha) )he $a4+e !res'a'1e !re+e'1 0epe'0s ' )he parame)er ! )he )e'erg:s)r%'g e4eme')s.

/.E"PERIMENTAL PRO2EDUREC

A' '':%'0+1)%$e res%s)r R9 a' %'0+1)r L a'0 a 2apa1%)er 2

are 1''e1)e0 %' ser%es9 1''e1) a $4)me)er a'0 a'

amme)er9 as sh' %' g a7$e 9 s+1h )ha) )he 1+rre') I VJR

0es ') e-1ee0 )he sa!e $a4+e a'0 %)h a sma44 1apa1%)r )hes+pp4 %s s%)1he0 ' a'0 a44 rea0%'gs are re1r0e0. The

!re+e'1 %s gra0+a44 %'1reases rea0%'g 7e%'g ')e0 a) se$era4

%')er$a4s. The 1+r$es are p4))e0 !r 1+rre') a'0 !re+e'1

1apa1%)a'1e h%1h %s sh' %' g 7e4

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3.OBSERVATIONCR ::::::hms S+pp4 $4)age V# ::::V4)s

@A.2.I'0+1)a'1e9 L 2apa1%)a'1e9 2

2.

5.2A2ULATIONC

The res'a'1e !re+e'1 fr fr ..H

Page 24 ! 45

S.N

o.

*eG"e%+$ 6(%

;7

I 6(% mA7


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8.RESULTC

The per !a1)r r%ses %' a s%m%4ar a as )he 1%r1+%) 1+rre')%.e.9 %) r%ses rs) ) a ma-%m+m $a4+e ! +'%) a) res'a'1ep%') a'0 )he' !a44s. A) res'a'1e )he 1%r1+%) 7eha$es 4%ke ap+re res%s)er.

;.PRE2AUTION & SOUR2ES OF ERRORC

• 2''e1) )he $4)me)er a'0 amme)er as per )he 1%r1+%)0%agram9

• I'1rease )he $a4+e ! 1apa1%)r s44 a!)er -e0 %')er$a4 !)%me.

• Take rea0%'g a11+ra)e4.

• Meas+re per !a1)r %)h e$er rea0%'g.• D ') )+1h )he 4%$e %re 0+r%'g pra1)%1a4.

9.RELATED S/RT QUESTI/NS:

#. ha) %s res'a'1eW

*. ha) 0 + mea' 7 res'a'1e 1+r$eW

,. ha) %s =:!a1)rW

/. ha) are %mpr)a') 1hara1)er%s)%1s ! para44e4 res'a'1eW

#?. REFERREN2ES:

*"%ame%!al of Ba#(+ ele+!(+al e%&(%ee(%& @$ ?.B ?UPTA

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STUDY OF L2R PARALLEL

2IR2UITS IN

RESONAN2E 2ONDITION

Page 2 ! 45


27/45

E"PERIMENT NO.3

#.OB


28/45

1apa1%)r 2 as sh' %' F%g+re. R %s a sma44 res%s)a'1e ass1%a)e0

%)h )he 1%4. The 1apa1%)r 2 %s ass+me0 ) 7e 4ss4ess. The

)+'e0 1%r1+%) %s 0r%$e' 7 a $4)age s+r1e V. S+1h a para44e4:)+'e0

1%r1+%) %s 1mm'4 +se0 %' )+'e0 amp4%ers9 s1%44a)rs9 e)1.


• 2''e1) V4)me)er ) V( s1ke)s a'0 M%44% Ame)er ) mAs1ke)s.

• 2''e1) +)p+) )erm%'a4s ' !+'1)%' ge'era)r ) s1ke)s

marke0 s%g'a4 +)p+).• Qeep !+'1)%' ge'era)r se4e1)r s%)1h a) s%'e a$e.• Qeep 0%a4 a) m%'%m+m %.e. #??1Js a'0 %)h amp4%)+0e 1')r4

se) $4)me)er rea0%'g , ) / $4).

• N)e !re+e'1 !rm )he 0%a4 a'0 1+rre') !rm )he m%4%Amme)er.

• 2ha'ge )he !re+e'1 !rm )he 0%a4 %' s)eps ! #?? r s a'0')e 0' )he 1rresp'0%'g 1+rre') )%44 )he 1hara1)er%s)%1s

! para44e4 res'a'1e %s 7)a%'e0.

P4) a graph 7e)ee' !re+e'1 a'0 1+rre') %' mA.

• Repea) )he s)eps / ) 8 !r 0%ere') R & L.

Page 28 ! 45


29/45

3. OBSERVATIONSC

R ------o,m# S"ppl$


30/45

;. PRE2AUTION & SOUR2ES OF ERRORC

2''e1) )he $4)me)er a'0 amme)er as per )he 1%r1+%)

0%agram9I'1rease )he $a4+e ! 1apa1%)r s44 a!)er -e0 %')er$a4 !

)%me. Take rea0%'g a11+ra)e4.

Meas+re per !a1)r %)h e$er rea0%'g.D ') )+1h )he 4%$e %re 0+r%'g pra1)%1a4.

>. RELATED SHORT =UESTIONS: #.ha) %s res'a'1eW *. ha) %s =:!a1)rW

#O.REFERREN2ES: *"%ame%!al of Ba#(+ ele+!(+al e%&(%ee(%&@$ ?.B ?UPTA

Page 3 ! 45


31/45

MEASUREMENT OF

EFFI2IEN2Y OF A SINGLE

PHASE TRANSFORMERBY LOAD TEST

Page 31 ! 45


32/45

E"PERIMENT NO. 5

#. OB


33/45

S+,ema!(+ (a&am of appaa!"# fo +o%"+!(o%

,. THEORY & APPLI2ATIONC The e61%e'1 ! a )ra's!rmer %s g%$e' 7)he e-press%'

η @O+)p+) perJ I'p+) per - #?? r η P* J P# - #??

The )ra's!rmer e61%e'1 1a' 7e 7)a%'e0 7 0%re1)

meas+reme') ! +)p+) a'0 %'p+) 0es ') g%$e a11+ra)e res+4)9

as )he per 4sses are +%)e 4a @ ! )he r0er ! #:/ . The

0%ere'1e 7e)ee' )he rea0%'g ! +)p+) a'0 +)p+) %'s)r+me') %s)he' s sma44 )ha) a' %'s)r+me') errr as 4 as ?.3 +40

1a+se a' errr ! )he r0er ! #3:*? %' )he per 4sses. There

%s a as)age ! 4arge am+') ! per a'0 ' %'!rma)%' %s

a$a%4a74e !rm s+1h a )es) a7+) )he prpr)%' ! 1pper a'0 %r'

4sses.


• Make )he 1''e1)%' a11r0%'g ) )he 1%r1+%) 0%agram assh' a7$e %' g.

• 2''e1) )he a))me)ers9 amme)ers a'0 $4)me)ers7)h %' pr%mar as e44 as %' se1'0ar %'0%'g a'01''e1) a 4a0 a1rss )he +)p+) ! )he se1'0ar%'0%'g +'0er )es) a11r0%'g ) )he 1%r1+%) 0%agram.

Page 33 ! 45


34/45

• The s+pp4 %s s%)1he0 ' ) )he 1%r1+%) )hr+gh DPI2s%)1h.

• The rea0%'gs ! $4)me)ers9 amme)ers a'0 a))me)ers 9' %'p+) @pr%mar a'0 +)p+) @se1'0ar are ')e0 !r0%ere') 4a0s a'0 repea) )hese rea0%'gs a) 4eas) )hree)%me a'0 )he' )ake )he%r mea'.

3. OBSERVATIONC

S.N.

V# %'$4)s

I# %'amps

.

P# %'a))s

I* %'amps

.

2s P* %'a))s

V*I*2s

*

η P*JP# -#??

5.2AL2ULATIONC:

Per %'p+) @Pr%mar s%0e9 P# a))s.

Per %' +)p+) @Se1'0ar s%0e P* V* I*2s ..a))s.

Tra's!rmer e61%e'1 η P*JP# - #?? r η.

8. RESULTC

The e61%e'1 ! )he g%$e' s%'g4e phase )ra's!rmer %s

.

;. PRE2AUTION & SOUR2ES OF ERRORC:

#. A44 1''e1)%'s sh+40 7e )%gh).

Page 34 ! 45


35/45

*. A44 appara)+s sh+40 7e ! s+%)a74e ra'ge.,. Ne$er )+1h 4%$e 1'0+1)rs r )erm%'a4s./. Rea0%'gs sh+40 7e )ake' a11+ra)e4.

>. RELATED SHORT =UESTIONSC

1. H 1a' e re0+1e )he e00 1+rre') 4ssesW2. G%$e )he 'ame ! ma)er%a4 7 h%1h )he 1re ! )ra's!rmer

%s ma0e a'0 h.

3. ha) %44 happe' %! )ra's!rmer %s 1''e1)e0 ) ra)e0 D.2s+pp4 a'0 hW

4. H 1a' e 0e)erm%'e )he HV a'0 LV %'0%'g !)ra's!rmerW

5. ha) %s )he +'%) ! ra)%'g ! )ra's!rmer a'0 hW

#? .REFERREN2ESC

*"%ame%!al of Ba#(+ ele+!(+al e%&(%ee(%& @$ ?.B

?UPTA

Page 35 ! 45


36/45

TO 2ONNE2T START AND

REVERSE THE

DIRE2TION OF A ,:PHASE INDU2TION

MOTOR

Page 3 ! 45


37/45

E"PERIMENT NO.8

#. OB


38/45

EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP USED

*(&. 1: S+,ema!(+ (a&am of appaa!"# fo

+o%"+!(o%

,.THEORY & APPLI2ATION C

M)r %s 1''e1)e0 ) a )hree phase a1 s+pp4 ma%'s )hr+gh

s)ar:0e4)a s)ar)er a'0 TPI2 s%)1h9 as sh' %' g+re. The

0%re1)%' ! r)a)%' ! ,:phase %'0+1)%' m)r 1a' 7e

re$erse0 7 %')er1ha'g%'g a' ) )erm%'a4s a) )he TPI2 s%)1h.


The 1''e1)%'s ! a ,:phase %'0+1)%' m)r are ma0e )

)he s)ar:0e4)a s)ar)er a'0 ) )he TPI2 s%)1h. The TPI2 s%)1h

%s 14se0 a'0 )he m)r %s s)ar)e0 7 )ak%'g )he 4e$er ! )he

s)ar)er ) )he s)ar) @s)ar ps%)%' a'0 )he' %)h a erk ) )he

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r+' ps%)%' @r 0e4)a 1''e1)%'s. The 0%re1)%' ! )he

r)a)%' ! )he m)r %s 7ser$e0. Sa9 %) %s %' 141k:%se

0%re1)%'. Meas+re )he spee0. N )he m)r %s s)ppe0 7

p+sh%'g )he s)p 7+))' a'0 s+pp4 ) )he m)r %s

rem$e0 7 pe'%'g TPI2 s%)1h. The ) 4ea0s ! m)r %s

%')er1ha'g%'g ) )he TPI2 s%)1h. TPI2 s%)1h %s 14se0 a'0

m)r %s s)ar)e0 aga%'. The 0%re1)%' ! r)a)%' ! )he m)r

%s 7ser$e0.

3.RESULTC

The 0%re1)%' ! m)r %s !+'0 re$erse0 he' ) 4ea0s ! m)rare %')er1ha'ge0.

.PRE2AUTION & SOUR2ES OF ERRORC:• A44 1''e1)%'s sh+40 7e )%gh).

• Ne$er )+1h )he 4%$e )erm%'a4s.• Be!re 1ha'ge )he 1''e1)%' OFF )he s+pp4 prper4.• I'1rease )he 4a0 gra0+a44.

• D'() ear )he 4se 0ress 0+r%'g )he e-per%me')9 %)ma 7e 0a'ger+s.

• A4as +se )he s)ar)er ! prper ra)%'g.

8. RELATED SHORT =UESTIONS1. ha) %s )he s4%pW2. ha) %s a s'1hr'+s spee0W3. h )he s)ar)er %s 'e1essar )r s)ar4%'g a , %'0+1)%'

m)rW4. H 1a' e re$erse )he r)a)%' ! , %'0+1)%' m)rW

;. REFERREN2ESC


?UPTA

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DETERMINATION OF A

LOAD 2HARA2TERISTI2

OF SHUNT OUND D2GENERATOR

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E"PERIMENT NO.;

#. OB


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A 0.1 sh+') ge'era)r %s a se4!

e-1%)e0 ge'era)r. A 0.1 sh+') m)r %)h 1's)a') spee0

1hara1)er%s)%1s 1a' 7e +se0 as a pr%me m$er. The m)r a'0

ge'era)r are rm4 1+p4e0. T e'a74e )he ge'era)r )

0e$e4p )he $4)age9 %) %s 0r%$e' 7 m)r +s%'g s)ar)er.

D+r%'g )h%s pr1ess9 )here %s ' 1''e1)%' ! 4a0 )erm%'a4s! )he ge'era)r. The e40 )erm%'a4s ! )he ge'era)r a'0 )he

e40 res%s)a'1e ! )he sh+') ge'era)r %s $ar%e0 +s%'g

rhes)a) %' )he e40 1%r1+%)9as sh' %' g. s' as )he )erm%'a4 $4)age ' ' 4a0

rea0 7 )he $4)me)er V* rea1he0 )he ra)e0 ' 4a0 $4)age9

)he sh+') e40 res%s)a'1e %s kep) -e0 a) )h%s $a4+e. La0

res%s)a'1e@rhes)a) %s ' 1''e1)e0 a1rss )he 4a0

)erm%'a4s. A' $ar%a)%' %' )he e40 a'0 1'se+e')4 )he)erm%'a4 $4)age. D+e ) $4)age 0rp %' )he arma)+re

res%s)a'1e as e44 as 0+e ) arma)+re rea1)%'9 )here %44 7e

a 0rp %' )erm%'a4 $4)age !rm %)s ':4a0 $a4+e9 %)h

0%ere') $a4+es ! 4a09 %.e9 4a0 1+rre')9 La0 1hara1)er%s)%1s

! a 0.1 ge'era)r 0ep%1)s )he $ar%a)%' ! )erm%'a4

$4)age@V %)h 4a0 1+rre') @I9 he' 7)h )he spee0 a'0 )he

e-1%)%'g 1+rre') are kep) 1's)a'). Fr )he D.2 sh+')

ge'era)r e p4) a 1+r$e 7e)ee' 4a0 1+rre') a'0 )erm%'a4$4)age. I' )h%s ge'era)r )erm%'a4 $4)age re0+1es 0+e )C

#.Arma)+re rea1)%'.

*. Res%s)%$e 0rp %' %'0%'gs a'0 7r+shes.

,.ea4 e-1%)a%)%'.

B %'1reas%'g 4a0 1+rre') as sh' %' graph.

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Frm )he 4a0 1hara1)er%s)%1s ! 0.1. sh+') ge'era)r %) %s 14earC

@% The )erm%'a4 $4)age ! a 0.1 sh+') ge'era)r 0e1reases%)h %'1rease %' 4a0 1+rre').

@%% I' )he 7eg%''%'g )he 4a0 1+rre') rea1hes a 1er)a%' $a4+e

@m+1h h%gher )ha' !+44 4a0 1+rre')? !+r)her 0e1rease %'

4a0 res%s)a'1e 1a+ses a 0e1rease %' 4a0 1+rre') ra)her

)ha' %'1rease a'0 )he e-)er'a4 1hara1)er%s)%1s )+r' 7a1k.

Th%s %s 0+e ) pre0m%'a') 0emag'e)%%'g arma)+re

rea1)%' ee1) a'0 arma)+re $4)age 0rp $er )he ee1)

! 0e1rease %' 4a0 res%s)a'1e.


• 2''e1) a44 )he e+%pme')s as 1%r1+%) 0%agram.• S)ar) )he m)r.• N9 rea0 )he amme)er & $4)me)er rea0%'gs $ar%'g )he

4a0 res%s)a'1e.• N)e )he rea0%'gs %' 7ser$a)%' )a74e a'0 p4) a graph.

• S%)1h )he ma%' s+pp4.

3.OBSERVATIONC

S.N La0 1+rre') Term%'a4 $4)age

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. IL amp V T $4)#*,

5.RESULT: The 1hara1)er%s)%1s ! D.2 sh+') ge'era)r %s !+'0 as

7ser$e0 %' 7ser$a)%' )a74e a'0 1rresp'0%'g graph.

8.PRE2AUTION & SOUR2ES OF ERRORC:

• A44 1''e1)%' sh+40 7e )%gh).• Rea0%'g sh+40 7e )ake' 1are!+44.• Rea0%'gs sh+40 7e )ake'9 %'1reas%'g )he 4a0 1+rre').

;.RELATED SHORT =UESTIONSC

1. #.ha) %s )he 1's)r+1)%'a4 0%ere'1e 7e)ee' D.2 m)ra'0 D.2 ge'era)r .

2. ha) %s )he !+'1)%' ! 1mm+)a)r %' a D.2. ge'era)rW

3. ha) %s )he !+'1)%' ! 1mm+)a)r %s a D.2. m)rW

>.REFERREN2ESC

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