0.Basic Engineering Practice Electrical and Electronics Lab

7/31/2019 0.Basic Engineering Practice Electrical and Electronics Lab

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BASIC ENGINEERING PRACTICE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

LAB

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Study of Electrical and Electronic Components

I .a) Solid Conductor

b) Strandard Conductor

II. Fuses: Types of Fuses and Ratings

III. How to use a tester

IV. Single Phase Supply & Three Phase Supply

V. How to find the neutral link Cut

VI. Coding of Resistor (Each Student Should Be Given a Resistor)

VII. Identify a Capacitor (Condenser)

VIII. Identify an Inductor (Choke)

IX. Starter

X. Double Pole Single Throw Switch (DPST)

XI. Double Pole Double Throw Switch (DPDT)

XII. Insulator

XIII. Diode & Zener Diode

XIV.PN Junction Diode

2. Fluorescent Lamp Wiring

3. Staircase Wiring

4. Measurement of Electrical QuantitiesVoltage, Current, Power & Power Factor in RLC

Circuit.

5. Measurement of Energy Using Single Phase Energy Meter.


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6. Residential House Wiring Using Switches Fuse, Indicator, Lamp and Energy Meter.

7. Measurement of Earth Resistance.

ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING PRACTICE

1. Characteristics of PN Junction Diode.

2. Characteristics of Zener Diode

3. Characteristics of BJT (any one)

4. Characteristics of JFET

5. Characteristics of Photo Diode

6. Verification of Logic Gates

7. Design and Implementation of Adders


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ENGINEERING PRACTICES LABOURATORY

STUDY OF BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

SOLID CONDUCTORS

It is made up of a single, solid conducting wire surrounded by an insulator.

STRANDED CONDUCTORS:

It is made up of a bundle of smaller wire strands. These are arranged so that several wires

(commonly 6 or 18) surround a single wire at the bundles center.

Fuse:

It is a type of sacrificial overcurrent protection device. Its essential component is a metal wire orstrip that melts when too much current flows, which interrupts the circuit in which it is

connected. A fuse interrupts excessive current (blows) so that further damage by overheating or

fire is prevented.Cartridge Fuses where the fuse element or the fuselink is located in a cartridge

and Wirable Fuses where the fuselink is a wire that is wired over a ceramic fuse carriers

Fuse rating:

the two basic ratings for fuses are the current rating, the current which, when exceeded, willcause the fuse will fail, and the voltage rating, the maximum voltage in the circuit in which the

fuse is to be safely used.

Tester


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A low-cost type of test lamp only contacts one side of the circuit under test, and relies on

stray capacitance and current passing through the user's body to complete the circuit. The devicemay have the form of a screwdriver. The tip of the tester is touched to the conductor being tested

(for instance, it can be used on a wire in a switch, or inserted into a hole of an electric socket). A

neon lamp takes very little current to light, and thus can use the user's body capacitance to earth

ground to complete the circuit.

Neon-lamp type tester, which has no amplifier; this type requires a direct metallic contact to the

circuit to be tested.

Screwdriver-type test lamps are very inexpensive, but cannot meet the construction requirementsof UK GS 38. The long exposed shaft provides a shock hazard to the user, and the internal

construction of the tester provides no protection against short-circuit faults. Failure of the resistor

and lamp series network can put the user in direct metallic contact with the circuit under test.Even if an internal short circuit does not electrocute the user, the resulting electric shock may

result in a fall or other injury. The lamp provides no indication below the strike voltage of the

neon lamp, and so cannot detect certain hazardous leakage conditions.

Single phase supply

In electrical engineering, single-phase electric power refers to the distribution of alternating

current electric power using a system in which all the voltages of the supply vary in unison.Single-phase distribution is used when loads are mostly lighting and heating, with few largeelectric motors. A single-phase supply connected to an alternating current electric motor does not

produce a revolving magnetic field; single-phase motors need additional circuits for starting, and

such motors are uncommon above 10 or 20 kW in rating. Most household loads are single-phase

Standard frequencies of single-phase power systems are either 50 or 60 Hz.

Three phase supply

Three-phase electric power is a common method of alternating-current electric power

generation, transmission, and distribution. In a three-phase system, three circuit conductors carrythree alternating currents (of the same frequency) which reach their instantaneous peak values at

different times. Taking one conductor as the reference, the other two currents are delayed in timeby one-third and two-thirds of one cycle of the electric current. Three-phase systems may have a

neutral wire. A neutral wire allows the three-phase system to use a higher voltage while still

supporting lower-voltage single-phase appliances. In high-voltage distribution situations, it iscommon not to have a neutral wire as the loads can simply be connected between phases (phase-

phase connection).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phasenpruefer_01-l_KMJ.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phasenpruefer_01-l_KMJ.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phasenpruefer_01-l_KMJ.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phasenpruefer_01-l_KMJ.jpg


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Generation and distribution

At the power station, an electrical generator converts mechanical power into a set of three AC

electric currents, one from each coil (or, winding) of the generator. The windings are arranged

such that the currents vary sinusoidally at the same frequency but with the peaks and troughs of

their wave forms offset to provide three complementary currents with a phase separation of one-third cycle (120 or

23 radians). The generator frequency is typically 50 or 60 Hz, varying by

country.

Large power generators provide an electric current at a potential which can be a few hundred

volts or up to about 30 kV. At the power station, transformers step this voltage up to one suitablefor transmission.

After numerous further conversions in the transmission and distribution network, the power is

finally transformed to the standard utilization voltage for lighting and equipment. Single-phase

loads are connected from one phase to neutral or between two phases. Three-phase loads such as

larger motors must be connected to all three phases of the supply.

Switch:

a switch has two conductive pieces, oftenmetal, called contacts, connected to an externalcircuit,

that touch to complete (make) the circuit, and separate to open (break) the circuit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_potentialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:3-phase_flow.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:3-phase_flow.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:3-phase_flow.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:3-phase_flow.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_potentialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_generator


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Inelectronics, a switch is anelectrical componentthat can break anelectrical circuit, interrupting

thecurrentor diverting it from one conductor to another.Switches are classified according to thearrangement of their contacts in electronics. A pair of contacts is said to be "closed" when

current can flow from one to the other. When the contacts are separated by aninsulating air gap,

they are said to be "open", and no current can flow between them at normal voltages. The terms

"make" for closure of contacts and "break" for opening of contacts are also widely used.

a "2-pole" switch has two separate identical sets of contacts controlled by the same knob. Thenumber of "throws" is the number of separate positions that the switch can adopt. A single-throw

switch has one pair of contacts that can either be closed or open. A double-throw switch has a

contact that can be connected to either of two other contacts,

SPST :

Single pole, single throw (One-way) .A simple on-off switch: The two terminals are eitherconnected together or disconnected from each other. An example is. a light switch

SPDT Single pole, double throw (Two-way). A simple changeover switch: C (COM, Common)

is connected to L1 or to L2

.

DPST

Double pole, single throw Double pole Double pole Equivalent to two SPSTswitches controlled

by a single mechanism

DPDT

Double pole, double throw Equivalent to two SPDT switches controlled by a single mechanism:

A is connected to B and D to E, or A is connected to C and D to F.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_componenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_componenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_componenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator_%28electric%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator_%28electric%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator_%28electric%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DPST-symbol.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SPDT-Switch.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SPST-Switch.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DPST-symbol.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SPDT-Switch.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SPST-Switch.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DPST-symbol.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SPDT-Switch.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SPST-Switch.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator_%28electric%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_componenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics


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The Starter

The traditional starter consists of a small bulb containing a gas (usually argon) and a bi-metal

contact. When power is first applied to the fixture and is unable to flow through the fluorescent

lamp, a small amount of electricity arcs through the argon gas in the starter bulb. Because of

where the starter is wired into the electrical circuit, when current flows through the starter, it also

flows through the lamp.As current continues to flow through gas in the starter, the gas in thestarter heats and starts to bend one of the metal contacts inside, in the same way that a bi-metal

thermostat works. When sufficiently heated, the bi-metal moves out of position and creates a

direct electrical circuit in the starter. Now, the maximum amount of current flows through the

filaments of the fluorescent lamp, which heats the gas in the fluorescent lamp.

Choke:

A choke ballast is a device chokeintended to limit the amount of current in an electric circuit.

Fluorescent lamps require a ballast to stabilize the current through the lamp, and to provide the

initial striking voltage required to start the arc discharge. The Ballast handles the job of makingsure that each lamp can only draw a certain amount of electricity no matter how hot the gas is.As

to the current-limiting function of the ballast, they only come in two types: Magnetic and

Electronic.

Magnetic (sometimes called Inductive) ballasts contain an electrical choke, which is a specially

wound coil of wire. Since electrical current flowing through a wire generates a changing

magnetic field around the wire, and a changing magnetic field generates electrical current in

wires within that magnetic field, a ballast uses these opposing magnetic forces to limit the

amount of electrical current that can pass through the coils inside. As the current flow through

the ballast increases, the coils inside the ballast generate a stronger magnetic field that opposesthe flow of current that is trying to pass through the ballast to the lamps. This interaction

achieves a balance and limits the total current flow to the lamps to a specific amperage. 100 or

120 pulses per second produced by a magnetic ballast. Magnetic ballasts have been around since

fluorescent lighting was invented, which was around 1935.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DPDT-symbol.svg


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Insulators:Electrical wiring in general refers to insulatedconductorsused to carryelectricity,and associated devicesA true insulator is a material that does not respond to an electric field andcompletely resists the flow ofelectric charge. Some materials such asglass,paperorTeflonare

very good electrical insulators.

Zener diode

A Zener diode is a special kind ofdiodewhich allows current to flow in the forward direction

same as an ideal diode, but will also permit it to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is

above a certain value known as thebreakdown voltage,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductor_%28material%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductor_%28material%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductor_%28material%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_insulation_paperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_insulation_paperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_insulation_paperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytetrafluoroethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytetrafluoroethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytetrafluoroethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakdown_voltagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakdown_voltagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakdown_voltagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakdown_voltagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytetrafluoroethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_insulation_paperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductor_%28material%29


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FLUORESCENT LAMP WIRING

Expt.No: Date:

AIM:To make wiring for fluorescent lamp with switch control and test it.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of the Component Range / Type Quantity

1Fluorescent lamp fixture 4 ft

1 No

2 Fluorescent lamp 40W/240V 1 No

3 Choke 40W, 230V, 1 No

4 Starter 1 No

5 Switch 1 No

6 Wires 1/18As per

requirement

TOOLS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of the tools Quantity

1 Screw driver 1 No

2 Wire Cutter 1 No

3 Tester 1 No

PRECAUTIONS:

Check the connections thoroughly before switching ON the supply. Handle the lamp safely. Be careful while handling the tools.


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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

THEORY:

Fluorescent lamp relies on fluorescence. Fluorescence is the emission of light by asubstance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation of a different wavelength. It is a form

of luminescence. The most striking examples of fluorescence occur when the absorbed radiation is in the

ultraviolet region of the spectrum, and thus invisible to the human eye and the emitted light is in the

visible region.

CONSTRUCTION OF FLUORESCENT LAMP:

The basic elements in the fluorescent lamp are bulb, electrodes, gases, base, starter and

choke. The lamp is a glass tube with two electrodes, one at each end. Electrodes are coiled tungsten wires

coated with an emission material. Inside the glass tube is a partial vacuum and a small amount of mercury

vapor and argon, xenon, neon, or krypton. The inner surface of the bulb is coated with a fluorescentcoating made of varying blends of metallic and rare-earth phosphor salts. When heated the electrodes emit

electrons. These electrons when it bombards with mercury atoms produce ultraviolet rays. The

phosphorus salts convert the ultraviolet rays to visible light. The traditional starter consists of a small bulb

containing a gas (usually argon) and a bi-metal contact. choke ballast is a device chokeintended to limit

the amount of current in an electric circuit.

1 AC

230V,

50Hz,

S

CHOKE

STARTER

Fluorescent lamp assembling circuit

P - Phase

N - Neutral

S -switch

Fluorescent lamp


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WORKING

Step 1: When power is first applied, the resistance of the cold fluorescent lamp prevents the electricity

from flowing through it. Instead, a small amount of electricity arcs through the gas in the starter bulb, also

called the starter bottle. Although current is now flowing through both filaments of the fluorescent lamp,

the current flow is too low to illuminate the starter filaments or generate any heat to start the fluorescent

lamp, but the current flow is enough to heat the starter bulb gas.

Step 2: As the starter bulb heats, a bi-metal plate inside the starter begins to bend until it makes contact

with the other contact. This causes the entire starter assembly to have no resistance to the electrical flow,

and now the full line voltage flows through the fluorescent lamp filaments, quickly heating the gas in the

ends of the fluorescent lamp.

Step 3: Since the gas in the starter is no longer being heated, it now begins to cool. Meanwhile, the full

line current is flowing through the starting filaments in the fluorescent lamp, heating the gas in that lamp.

After a few seconds, the starter cools sufficiently that the bi-metal contact starts moving back to its "cold"

position, breaking the short circuit. The electricity now has no direct path through which to flow, and

seeks the next lowest path of resistance. If the gas in the fluorescent lamp is sufficiently heated, theelectricity will now arc through the fluorescent lamp.

STEP 4: When a flow of electrical current passes through argon gas, and mercury vapor, ultraviolet light

is produced. This ultraviolet light strikes a layer of phosphor that is coated on the inside of the fluorescentlamp, and in turn the phosphor blocks most of the ultraviolet light. Because of the ultraviolet light, the

phosphor emits various frequencies of visible light. this process not only begins the generation of light,

continues to heat the gas in the fluorescent lamp.

Step 5: The ballast now begins its task of limiting how much current can safely flow through the

fluorescent lamp Up until now, so little current was drawn that the ballast did not have to do anything but

now the current increases, because as the gases get hot their resistances decrease leading more current

flow and further decrease in resistance which is called negative resistance.

PROCEDURE:

1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in figure.2. Fix lamp and the choke in the tube holder.3. The phase wire is connected to the choke through the switch and neutral directly to the tube.4. Connect the starter in series with the tube.5. Test the working of the lamp by giving electric supply to the circuit.

RESULT:Thus the fluorescent lamp was assembled and tested.


12/18

STAIR CASE WIRING

Expt.No: Date:

Aim:

To control the status of the given lamp by using twoway switches

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of the apparatus Range Quantity

1 Incandescent Lamp 40W 1No

2 Lamp Holder 1 No

3 Two Way Switch 230V,5A 2No

4 Wires As reqd.,

TOOLS REQUIRED:


1 Screw driver 1 No

2 Wire Cutter 1 No

3 Tester 1 No

PRECAUTIONS:

Check the connections thoroughly before switching ON the supply. Handle the lamp safely. Be careful while handling the tools.


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CIRCUITDIAGRAM:

Operation of the switches:

Position Of Switch (S1) Position of Switch (S2) Condition of Lamp

A B ON

B B OFF

B A ON

A A OFF

THEORY:

The stair case wiring is used to control a lamp (for example to lighten the stairs) from

two different places (say up and down the stairs) here two numbers of 2-way switches are used

as shown in the circuit. Let switch S1 be down the stairs and switch S2 up the stairs. Initially let

S1 be in position B and S2in position A. The lamp does not glow as the circuit is not closed.

Now a person can switch on the lamp from below the stairs by moving S1 from B to A. After

reaching upstairs he can switch the lamp off by moving S2 from position A to B. The table

explains the operation of the circuit clearly.

S1 S2

B

AA

B

2 way switch

P

N

1

230V AC

50 Hz

Lamp, 40W


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PROCEDURE:

1. Place the accessories as per the circuit diagram.2. Take one wire connect one end to the phase side and other end to the middle point

of SPDT switch 1

3. Upper point of SPDT switch 1 is connected to the lower point of SPDT switch2.4. Lower point of SPDT 1 is connected to the upper point SPDT switch2.5. Another wire taken through a P.V.C pipe and middle point of SPDT switch 2

is connected to one end of the lamp holder.

6. Another end of lamp holder is connected to neutral line.7. Circuit is tested for all possible combination of switch position.

RESULT:

The stair case wiring is performed and tested for satisfactory working.


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MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES VOLTAGE, CURRENT, POWER

& POWER FACTOR USING RLC CIRCUIT.

Expt.No: Date:

AIM:

To measure voltage, current, power and power factor in a single phase AC circuit

using wattmeter by RLC loading.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of the apparatus Range Quantity

1 Single Phase Autotransformer 230V/(0-270)V,18A 1 No

2 Single Phase energy meter 300V,10A, LPF 1 No

3 Voltmeter (0-300V) MI 1 No

4 Ammeter (0-10A) MI 1 No

5 RLC Load 5kW 1 No

6 Connecting wires As reqd.,

TOOLS REQUIRED:


1 Screw driver 1 No

2 Wire Cutter 1 No

3 Tester 1 No

PRECAUTIONS:

Check the connections thoroughly before switching ON the supply. Handle the instruments carefully. Be careful while handling the tools.


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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

THEORY:

Power in an electric circuit can be measured using a wattmeter. A wattmeter

consists of two coils, namely current coil and pressure coil or potential coil. The current

coil is marked as ML and pressure coil is marked as CV. The current coil measure the

quantity that is proportional to the current in the circuit the pressure coil measures quantity

that is proportional to the voltage in the circuit.

The given wattmeter is loaded by direct loading. The ammeter is connected in

series to the wattmeter. Since the same current flows in both the coils, the current and

voltage across the circuit are constant. The power consumed by the load is measured using

the wattmeter and calculated using the relation given below.

Power = V x I Cos

Power factor = W/ (V x I)


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FORMULA

Actual power = W x Multiplication factor

Where W Observed wattmeter reading

Apparent power = VI watts

Where V Voltmeter reading

I Ammeter reading

Power Factor, cos = Actual Power / Apparent Power

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.2. Initially no load is applied.3. Autotransformer is set to minimum voltage position before switching on the power

supply.

4. Set the rated voltage by using the autotransformer. Measure and record the values ofvoltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter on no load condition. Also carefully note the

multiplication factor of the wattmeter that is mentioned in the wattmeter itself.

5. Apply the load by adjusting RLC load.6. Measure and record the values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter.7. Repeat the steps 5 and 6 until the ammeter reading reaches 10A.8. After taking all the readings, reduce the load slowly to the minimum and bring the

voltage to minimum in the autotransformer. Switch off the power supply.

9. Calculated the Indicated power by the given formula.10.Calculate the power factor by the given formula.


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OBSERVATION TABLE:

Multiplication Factor=

S.No

Voltage

(V)

Current

(I)

Wattmeter Reading

(W)

Actual power

(W)

Power factor

Cos

observed Actual

1

2

3

4

5

MODEL GRAPH (RESISTIVE LOAD):

RESULT:

Thus the electrical quantities voltage, current, power and power factor in a single phase

AC circuit is measured using wattmeter by RLC loading.

Voltage Vs power factorVoltage Vs Current Voltage Vs Power

I

PFP

V

V V

0.Basic Engineering Practice Electrical and Electronics Lab

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Transcript of 0.Basic Engineering Practice Electrical and Electronics Lab