Networked history of institutions
-
Upload
brian-keegan -
Category
Education
-
view
243 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Networked history of institutions
![Page 1: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Building the Iron Cage: Evolution of Multidimensional Networks in the U.S. Congress and Catholic Hierarchy!
Brian Keegan (@bkeegan)!Sasha Goodman!Ryan Kennedy!David Lazer!!NetSci 2013!Copenhagen, Denmark!June 5, 2013!
![Page 2: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2 2
![Page 3: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is the “iron cage”?!• Max Weber’s “The Protestant
Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism” (1905)!
• Social action based on efficiency and rationalism displaces social action based on tradition and lineage!
• Bureaucracy leads to:!• loss of autonomy!• centralized control!• specialization!
3
![Page 4: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Historical network analysis!• Arbesman (2013): “Long” data more important
than “big” data:!• The “real” social Pre-Cambrian era, not 2005!• 1k records x 1k events >> 1m records x 1 event!
• Padgett’s 15th century Florentine families (1993)!• Bearman’s 17th century Norfolk elites (1993)!• Gould’s 19th century Parisian neighborhood
networks (1995)!
4
![Page 5: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Research agenda!• Human mobility!
• Birth, education, appointment, death records!
• Affiliation!• Education, occupation, office records!
• Prediction!• Links, affiliations, promotions!
5
![Page 6: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Durable elite institutions!• United States Congress!
• National legislative body of world’s largest economy and most powerful military since early 20th century!
• Biographical data on members from since 1774!!
• Roman Catholic Church!• Senior leadership of largest Christian sect and
central institution of Western civilization since 5th century!
• Reliable biographical data on elite membership since 1760s!
6
![Page 7: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Benefits of elite institutions!• Bounded populations à fewer sampling biases!
• Detailed records!• “What features of elite trajectories predict promotion?”!• “How have the demographics of elites changed?”!!
• Influences and influenced by historical events!• “How has technology changed mobility patterns?”!• “How did revolutions influence leadership?”!
7
![Page 8: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Data – U.S. Congress!• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress!
• Office of the Historian of the U.S. Senate!• 11,390 members!• Birthplace, education, occupations, prior offices,
deathplace!
8
![Page 9: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
![Page 10: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Elite migration:Birth to Representation!
10
Nodes: Sized by out-degree, colored by in-degree Edges: Sized by weight, colored by birth state
![Page 11: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Elite migration:Birth to Death!
11
Nodes: Sized by out-degree, colored by in-degree Edges: Sized by weight, colored by death state
![Page 12: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Changes in mobility!
12
![Page 13: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Changing state “trade balances”!
13
![Page 14: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Data – Catholic Hierarchy!• Catholic-Hierarchy.org!
• David Cheney parsing Annuario Pontifico, Vatican Information Service, other publications since 2003!
• 33,940 records for Bishops & Cardinals to 15th Century, records more reliable after mid-17th Century!
• Birthplace, consectration, consectrator, appointments!
14
![Page 15: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Consecreations as social networks!
15
![Page 16: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
![Page 17: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2013 Papal Enclave!
17
![Page 18: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
![Page 19: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Predicting Pope Francis?!
19
![Page 20: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
![Page 21: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Discussion!• Historical archives encode a variety of relational, spatial,
and temporal data!• Mobility patterns!• Social relationships!• Affiliations with institutions!
• Training predictive models of electoral success, leadership & promotion based on “long data”!
• Estimate statistical models accounting for overlapping ties and longitudinal data to predict tie formation!
• Compare effects of same events (e.g., wars, technologies) on different institutions!
21
![Page 22: Networked history of institutions](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110308/55835b4cd8b42afe418b4ee3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Discussion!• Coordination and organization governed by:!
• Organic and informal systems mediated by distributed networks?!• Bureaucratic and formalized systems with formalized
relationships? (Powell 1990, Jones, et al. 1997)!
• “Long data” generally only captures formalized relationships – but these demonstrate substantial complexity, heterogeneity, dynamicism!
• Network theories of exchange, diffusion, closure, resource dependency allow us to potentially revisit historical accounts of institutional change and power!
22