National Politics In The Gilded Age, 1877-1900 Shruti Vyas Shruti Vyas.
National Politics in the Gilded age, 1877-1900
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Transcript of National Politics in the Gilded age, 1877-1900
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NATIONAL POLITICS IN THE GILDED AGE, 1877-1900
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Politics in the Gilded Age “Gilded Age” –
Mark Twain Corruption and
patronage Weak presidents –
“Do-Littles” or “Do Nothings”
Turned blind eye towards cities
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Belief in Limited Government
Roots in: Social Darwinism Laissez-faire economics Loose interpretation of govt. regulations Weak laws passed by the govt.
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Campaign Strategies Democrats:
Began to attract Jewish and Catholic immigrants
Many believed in states rights
“Maintain the status quo”
Republicans – “waving the bloody shirt” “Lincoln was shot by
a Democrat” Brass bands, free
beer, picnics Pro-business
attitude The North likes this
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Party Patronage Main objectives:
Gain office Hold office Provide jobs to party
faithful Get reelected as
much as possible
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Mugwumps
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Stalwarts
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Presidential Politics James A. Garfield
Republican Won Election of
1880 Running mate –
Chester A. Arthur Patronage – 100,000
jobs 1881 – Assassinated
Arthur becomes president
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Presidential Politics
Chester A. Arthur Better than
expected Developed modern
Navy Questioned tariffs
Republicans went crazy!
Not reelected in 1884
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Major Issues Civil Service
Reform Pendleton Act of
1883 Federal applicants Tested and competed
for jobs Tried to eliminate
patronage Applied to 10% of all
federal employees
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Major Issues Farmers
The Grange (1868) Oliver H. Kelley
Social outlet for farmers
1873 – Grange in every state
Set up farmer cooperatives
Made it illegal for RRs to fix prices
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Major Issues Farmers (cont.)
Interstate Commerce Act (1886) Rates must be
“reasonable and just” Set up the Interstate
Commerce Commission
Actually helped RRs, not farmers Made rates stable in
favor of RRs
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Major Issues Farmers (cont.)
National Alliance Direct election of
Senators Lowered tariffs Graduated income tax New banking system Increase money
supply
Gave rise to the Populist Party
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Panic of 1893 Railroad overbuilding
– AGAIN!!!
Money not backed by strong currency
Worst depression in U.S. History
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Coxey’s Army 1894 – Jacob Coxey Led thousands of
unemployed to DC Demanded jobs $500 million for
public utilities jobs First real
demonstration by working classes
Trespassing and arrested
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Election of 1896 William McKinley
(R) Back by Marc Hanna Wealthy
industrialists wanted McKinley
“Tool of Business” Campaigned from
home: “Front Porch Campaign”
Raised nearly $3million for campaign
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Election of 1896 William Jennings
Bryan Democratic/Populist Made thousands of
political appearances Ideas were very
radical – support farmers/workers
Bimetallism – GOLD AND SILVER
Seen as too radical – socialist
Raised only $600,000 “Cross of Gold
Speech”
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Election Results McKinley was too
strong Had the backing of BIG
BUSINESS Raised ALOT of money
for campaign Seemed on an “even
keel” Bryan tried to appeal
to workers and farmers Only 1/3 of Americans
lived in rural areas Lost 271-176
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