Welcome

Introduction

History of Nanotechnology and

Nano MahinesBy

Abu Bakar Amanullah+86-15153265178

rakab_007@hotmail.com

Topics• Nanotechnology Terms and

Definitions• History of Nanotechnology• Fundamentals concepts• Types

– Nano-materials– Nano-Robotics– Nano-Electronics

• Overview

Nano-Technology

• Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications.”

• The term "nanotechnology" was defined by Tokyo University of Science Professor Norio Taniguchi in a 1974 paper as follows:

"'Nano-technology' mainly consists of the processing of, separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or by one molecule."

History of Nano-Technology

• In 1980 researchers reported the discovery of “Bucky Ball” a round molecule of 60 atoms of carbons. This led in turn to the 1991 discovery of a related molecular shape known as “Carbon Nanotubes”

Carbon NanoTubes are molecular-scale tubes of graphitic carbon with outstanding properties

• Nanotechnology is ubiquitous and pervasive. It is an emerging field in all areas of science, engineering and technology.

• NanoTechnology is seem to have greatest impact in our daily life. It had improved and helped in many field of science.

Fundamentals concepts• Larger to smaller: a materials perspective

o A number of physical phenomena become pronounced as the size of the system decreases. These include statistical mechanical effects, as well as quantum mechanical effects

• Simple to complex: a molecular perspectiveo Modern synthetic chemistry has reached the point where it is possible to

prepare small molecules to almost any structure. These methods are used today to manufacture a wide variety of useful chemicals such as pharmaceuticals or commercial polymers.

• Molecular nanotechnology: a long-term viewo Molecular nanotechnology, sometimes called molecular

manufacturing, describes engineered nanosystems (nanoscale machines) operating on the molecular scale. Molecular nanotechnology is especially associated with the molecular assembler, a machine that can produce a desired structure or device atom-by-atom using the principles of mechanosynthesis .

Types

Nanotechnology is ubiquitous and pervasive. It is and emerging field in all areas of science, engineering and technology. Some are as given.

• Nano-Material.

• Nano-Electronic.

• Nano-Robotics.

• Molecular mechanics

• Nanoengineering

•Nanobiotechnology

•Nanofluidics

•Nanohub

•Nanometrology

•Nanoscale networks

Nano-Materials• The nanomaterials field includes subfields which develop or study

materials having unique properties arising from their nanoscale dimensions.

• Interface and colloid science has given rise to many materials which may be useful in nanotechnology, such as carbon nanotubes and other fullerenes, and various nanoparticles and nanorods. Nanomaterials with fast ion transport are related also to nanoionics and nanoelectronics.

• Nanoscale materials can also be used for bulk applications; most present commercial applications of nanotechnology are of this flavor.

• Progress has been made in using these materials for medical applications; see Nanomedicine.

• Nanoscale materials are sometimes used in solar cells which combats the cost of traditional Silicon solar cells

• Development of applications incorporating semiconductor nanoparticles to be used in the next generation of products, such as display technology, lighting, solar cells and biological imaging; see quantum dots.

Nano-Electronics• Nanoelectronics is one of the major technologies of Nanotechnology. It

plays vital role in the field of engineering and electronics.• Nanoelectronics make use of scientific methods at atomic scale for

developing the Nano machines. The main target is to reduce the size, risk factor and surface areas of the materials and molecules. Machines under nano electronic process undergoes the long range of manufacturing steps each with accurate molecular treatment.

• The Nanotechnology field has been the subject of intense focus, particularly from the viewpoint of the electronics industry. The commitment is, no doubt, driven to a large measure by the current top-down methodologies for fabrication of silicon-based devices. This is implied in the next-generation approach towards manufacture of MEMS, microprocessors, optical switching and several other electronic components.

Nano-Electronics (cont..)

• Nanotechnology is continually playing vital role to improve the capability of electronic products. The technology also made the devices very light making the product easy to carry or move and at the same time it has reduced the power requirement. Some Consumer Products which are using Nanotechnology:

Computer HardwareDisplay DevicesMobile & Communication ProductsAudio ProductsCamera & Films

• The world market for nanoelectronics is expected to reach $409.6 billion by 2015.

Nano-Robotics• A nanorobot is a tiny machine designed to perform a specific task or tasks

repeatedly and with precision at nanoscale dimensions, that is, dimensions of a few nanometer s (nm) or less, where 1 nm = 10 -9 meter

• They are nanodevices that will be used for the purpose of maintaining and protecting the human body against pathogens

• The joint use of nanoelectronics, photolithography, and new biomaterials provides a possible approach to manufacturing nanorobots for common medical applications, such as for surgical instrumentation, diagnosis and drug delivery.

• Potential applications for nanorobotics in medicine include early diagnosis and targeted drug-delivery for cancer

Overview

Future of Nanotechnology No one knows for sure. History shows that science and technology impact society, but there is no way to predict what new scietific discoveries are next how technology will be used.

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