Name____________ Group # ____ Hour___ Test Date _____

Atmosphere #1 Notebook What is the Atmosphere?

YTS #1 – Scientific Illustrator You have been hired to create a poster of ONE of the 5 layers of our atmosphere. My layer is the _______________________________________. Useful websites to research your layer: http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/layers.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/balloon/science/atmosphere.html http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.watcyc.vertical/vertical-structure-of-the-atmosphere/ http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/atmos/layers.htm

Learning Targets □ Describe the composition of the atmosphere.

□ Describe characteristics of each layer of the atmosphere (temperature, density, pressure & phenomenon.)

□ Draw conclusion from data presented on a graph.

□ Describe each step in the water cycle.

□ Identify the main source of energy in our atmosphere.

□ Explain how reflection and absorption occur once the Sun’s rays strike the Earth.

□ Identify where the Sun strikes the Earth most directly and indirectly.

□ Describe how the curved surface of the Earth and the Coriolis Effect create the distinct wind

patterns on Earth.

Atmosphere #1 - Vocabulary 1. Atmosphere -Earth's air, which is made up of a thin layer of gasses, solids and liquids

forming a protective layer around the planet.

2. Troposphere -The closest and most dense layer of Earth's atmosphere where clouds and

weather occur.

3. Precipitation- Water falling from clouds in the form of rain, snow, sleet or hail.

4. Water Vapor- Water in the gaseous state.

5. Runoff -The water flow which occurs when soil is saturated and excess water flows over the

land.

6. Condensation- Process in which water vapor changes to a liquid.

7. Evaporation -Process in which liquid water changes to a gas.

8. Radiation- Energy transferred by waves or rays.

9. Conduction- Transfer of energy that occurs when molecules bump into each other.

10. Convection -Transfer of heat by the flow of material.

11. Coriolis Effect – Due to the Earth’s rotation, moving air is deflected to the West creating

distinct wind patterns.

The full-color poster must have:

Title (Name of Layer) and where it is located in relation to other layers.

The altitude at which this layer begins and ends (in km)

Describe what happens to the temperature has you go higher in this layer.

Picture of at least 3 objects you may find or things that happen in your layer

Earth’s Atmosphere The Earth’s ____________ is a thin layer of air that forms a ___________ covering around the planet. The atmosphere maintains a balance between the amount of Sun’s heat ___________ by the Earth and the amount of heat that is _____________ back into space.

Density of the Atmosphere Earth’s ____________ pulls the gasses toward its surface. As a result, the molecules nearer the Earth’s surface are ___________ __________ and have __________ air pressure. So, as you decrease in altitude the density of air molecules __________________.

Gasses in the Atmosphere Today’s atmosphere is made up of a mixture of ___________.

Most of the atmosphere is Nitrogen ( ____ %) & Oxygen (____%).

The remaining 1% is made up of… Argon (___%) Carbon Dioxide (___%) & 7 other gasses found in ___________ amounts

Layers of the Atmosphere The Earth’s atmosphere is made up of 5 ____________, each with their own characteristics.

T___

___

S___

___

M__

____

T_

____

_ E_

____

_

Layer

Layer

Layer

Layer

Layer

10 km

85 km

Name of Layer & Altitude Range Characteristics

Change in temperature as

altitude increases

Density of Air

Molecules

Clue

1280 km

500 km

_________________ layer Boundary to __________________ ________________ could orbit here Artificial _____________ (like the Hubble Space Telescope and ISS) orbit here Air dwindles to _______________ as molecules drift into space.

-60oC

As altitude increases

the temperature __________

2000oC

Least Dense

Ener

gy

500 km

85 km

Layer with the ______________ temperatures Air molecules are ___________ apart. Air is _________, but ____________ much solar radiation ________________ could orbit here Creates Northern & Southern _______

2000oC

As altitude increases

the temperature __________

-100oC

Ther

mal

85 km

50 km

Layer with the ______________ temperatures Protects Earth from ____________. __________________ are seen here.

-100oC

As altitude increases the temperature

__________

-20oC

Mak

es

50 km

10 km

The ___________ layer is found here ___________ ___________ fly here Supersonic _______ fly here Contains ______ % of the atmospheric molecules.

-20oC

As altitude increases the temperature

__________

-60oC

Sun

10 km

0 km

_________ layer Contains ______% of water vapor and ______% of all atmospheric gasses Most _____________ occurs here (clouds, snow & rain) ______________________ fly here

-60oC

As altitude increases

the temperature __________

6.5oC

Most Dense

The

Check Your Understanding #1 – Earth’s Atmosphere

Read each of the facts below and determine the layer of the atmosphere it describes.

TR = troposphere ST = stratosphere ME = mesosphere TH = thermosphere EX = exosphere _____ molecules are most dense _____ molecules are least dense

_____ coldest temperatures _____ 85-500km

_____ hottest temperatures _____ airplanes fly here

_____ ozone layer _____ shooting stars seen here

_____ 75% of all atmospheric gasses _____ weather occurs here

_____ & _____ temperature increases with increasing altitude

_____, _____ & _____ temperature decreases with increasing altitude

Atmosphere Temperature Graph

Instead of a chart, another way of looking at information about the atmosphere is looking at a temperature ______________ for the layers of the atmosphere. Notice, in both the troposphere and the mesosphere as the altitude increases the temperature ____________________. In both the stratosphere and thermosphere as the altitude increases the temperature ________________.

Check Your Understanding #2 – Atmosphere Temperature Graph

What is the unit of measure for temperature? _______

What is the unit of measure for altitude? __________

At an altitude of 80 km, what is the temperature? ____

Which layer is at 80 km?_____________________

At an altitude of 20 km, what is the temperature? ____

Which layer is at 20 km? _____________________

What is the temperature range in the troposphere? ___

What is the temperature range in the stratosphere? ___

What is the altitude range for the stratosphere?

___________________________________

In which two layers does the temperature decrease as the altitude increases?

______________ & _______________

What do you notice about the graph in these two layers?

__________________________________________________________

The Water Cycle Water is constantly moving from the ____________________ to the Earth’s surface and back again in the ____________ cycle.

The 4 processes in the Water Cycle:

Evaporation – __________ energy from the sun can change water from a ___________ to a ________ causing it to enter Earth’s atmosphere. Condensation – When water ___________ (gas) in the atmosphere ___________ it changes back into a ________________. _______________ are formed. Precipitation – When water droplets get big enough they _________ to the Earth as precipitation in the form of ____________, sleet, snow or hail. Run Off – Precipitation flows over the _______________ back into ______________, streams, lakes and finally back to the ________________.

YTS #2 – Water Cycle Game

YOU are the water molecule!

YOU will take a trip through the Water Cycle.

You are a molecule of water and will start out at one of the stations (lake, animal, groundwater, etc.). Roll the dice to find out what happens to you. Read the chart at your station to see what the number on your dice means. Then, on the chart, write down what happened to your water molecule and give the letter (e=evaporation or c=condensation for example). Then tell the state of matter “you” are in (solid, liquid, gas). Repeat the process 11 more times to see where nature takes you through the water cycle.

A Trip Through the Water Cycle You are a water droplet taking an amazing journey through the water cycle.

As you visit each location, record what happens to you and where you travel next. Station

Lake Animal

Groundwater Soil

Plant River Clouds Ocean Glacier

What Happened?

E=evaporation C=condensation p=precipitation

R=runoff F=frozen

I-Infiltration O=Organism

S = stay

State of Matter of

H2O

Solid Liquid

Gas

Check Your Understanding #3 – Water Cycle

Label the diagram and draw a sketch of the water cycle below.

(name of step)

picture

Energy in the Atmosphere The ________ is the source of all energy in our atmosphere. Two different things can happen to the energy received by Earth from the sun… The energy can be __________ back into space from __________ and atmospheric particles and earth’s surface. The energy can be ____________ by the ________________. _____________ or water on Earth’s surface.

You’re the Scientist #3 – Heat Heat – Using Heat to make popcorn! In order for this to turn into this there has to be ___________________. We can make popcorn by adding heat to the kernels by conduction, convection or radiation!

Microwave— The waves from the microwave heat the popcorn kernels. This type of heat transfer is called ______________________.

Air Popper – The flow of hot air heats the popcorn kernels. This type of heat transfer is called _____________________.

Popcorn Machine/Stove Top— The hot pan touches the popcorn kernels. This type of heat transfer is called _____________________.

Heat in the Atmosphere When the Sun’s energy is absorbed it ____________ the land and water. Heat is energy that flows from an object with a ____________ temperature to an object with a ____________ temperature. Heat is ___________________ through the atmosphere 3 different ways.

When air is warmed the molecules _____________ ______ and move farther __________, air becomes _______ dense (less crowded). When air cools, the molecules __________ ____________ and move ____________ together; air becomes _______ dense (more crowded). Cooler, denser air __________ while warmer, less dense air __________, forming convection currents.

Heat Transfer

Occurs when molecules ____________ each other.

Occurs when molecules __________.

Occurs when heat travels as a ________ or _________.

YTS #4 – Uneven Heating of Earth

Different amounts of solar energy strike the Earth and affect our weather and climate. You are going to use a globe and an overhead projector to demonstrate why some parts of the earth receive more intense radiant (solar) energy than others.

Materials: overhead projector, transparency dot paper, globe, & 2 sticky notes

Procedure:

1. Place one sticky note facing the overhead projector over the

equator. Place the other sticky note facing the overhead

projector over the North Pole.

2. Turn on the overhead projector.

3. The dots will represent sun rays and they will be projected on

the globe and sticky notes. With your pen draw the dots you see

projected on your sticky note.

4. Turn off the projector, take your sticky notes and return to your

seat.

Analysis Questions 1. Count the number of dots covered by light on each sticky note.

Dots (radiant energy) at the North Pole = ____________

Dots (radiant energy) at the equator = ____________

2. Would the North Pole or Equator receive more intense radiant energy?

________________

3. Why?

4. What causes this difference in heating?

5. How would differences in radiant energy affect the temperatures in

these areas?

Look at the picture below to answer the following questions.

6. Which light beam (A or B) has a greater intensity when shining on the

globe? ______ Why?

7. Which area (A or B) would the average temperature be colder?

______ Why?

A

B

Where does wind come from? Air moving in a specific direction is called ___________.

The Earth has distinct wind patterns caused by:

1. The ___________ surface of the Earth causes differences in _______________. The Earth receives more direct (concentrated) rays at the ___________ so it is ___________ there. This newly warmed air near the equator becomes _______ dense and begins to __________. This allows cooler, _________ dense air to move in to be heated. This flow of air is called a ___________________ current.

The Sun’s rays strike the ___________ at an angle (less concentrated), so it is ___________ there.

2. The ___________________ Effect The Earth rotates, causing moving air and water to be deflected ____________. Distinct ___________ patterns are created from the flow of air caused by ________________ in heating due to the Earth’s curved surface and by the ______________ ________________.

The _______________ sunlight that hits the Earth at the EQUATOR creates _______________ air that _____________ because it is ___________ dense.

The _______________ sunlight that hits the Earth at the poles creates _________________ air that _____________ because it is ____________ dense.

You have now finished the ATMOSPHERE #1 Notebook. Please flip to the front and check you Learning Targets.

Check Your Understanding #4 – Air Movement Match each example with the correct type of heat transfer.

Heat Transfer

Example

_____ Conduction A. You warm up sitting next to a camp fire.

_____ Convection B. A warm summer breeze changes your body

temperature. _____ Radiation C. Hot socks, right out of the dryer, warm up your feet.

When air molecules are warmed they will move _________________ and get _______________________. These air molecules are now ________ dense so they will ______________. When air molecules are cooled they will move _________________ and get _______________________. These air molecules are now ________ dense so they will ______________.

What are the two main causes for Earth’s distinct wind patterns?