MYCOLOGY

HISTORY…

150 YEARS BACK AUGUSTINO BASSI in

Italy established that a fungus Beauveria bassiana was cause of disease in silk worm

In 1910RAYMOND JACQUES SABOURAUD published monumental work on dermatophytes

“LESTEIGNES”

He is known as FATHER OF MEDICAL MYCOLOGY

Les Teignes lesions

Many modern molecular techniques and others were developed to study the medical mycology but some are still in darkness…

ex:1.classification of parafungal organisms

2.some organisms such as Lacazia ioboi cultures are not done successfully

Ecological group of fungi

1.Soil fungi2.Aquatic fungi3.Coprophilus fungi4.Entomogenous fungi5.Predacious fungi6.Marine fungi7.Osmophilic fungi8.Thermophilic fungi

DEFNITION The branch of biology which

deals with study of fungi mushroom=mykes =fungi in Latin

MEDICAL MYCOLOGY

Study of fungal Epidemiology Ecology Pathogenesis Diagnosis Treatment In

humans.

Myco as misnomer…

prefix “Myco” has been given to few bacteria

ex: Mycoplasma mycobacterium mycosis fungoides ???

MORPHOLOGY Fungi are eukaryotic protista rigid cell wall =chitin,mannan, polysaccharides cytoplasm membrane=sterols contains true nucleus, nuclear membrane, paired chromosomes.

Glossary unicellular budding yeast HYPHAE MYCELIUM (vegetative and

aerial) SPORANGIOSPORES CONIDIA CONIDIOPHORES ASCOSPORES BASIDIUM

CLASSIFICATIONS…

MORPHOLOGICAL

TAXONOMICAL

Morphological classification

NAME EXAMPLE

1.Yeast Cryptococcus neoformans

2.Yeastlike Candida sps

3.Moulds dermatophytes

4.Dimorphic blastomycetes

Method of reproduction

SEVERAL FUNGAL INFECTIONS ARE EMERGING…

WHY???

PREDISPOSING FACTORS1.More aggressive treatment

modalities2. Immunocompremised3.AIDS4.Prosthetic devices5.Antibiotics6.Iv drug abusing7.Catheter usage

These predisposed factors leads to increased chances of fungal infections…

The same fungal agent can produce different manifestations depending on underlying situation

Based on the wide spectrum of adaptability various fungi are categorized in to

1.pathogenic fungi

2.opportunistic fungi

3.toxigenic fungi

4.allergenic fungi

Based on primary site of infection

1.superficial mycosis tinea or ring worm 2.cutaneous mycosis dermatophytosis 3.sub cutaneous mycosis mycotic mycetoma 4.systemic mycosis coccidiomycosis 5.opportunistic mycosis aspergillosis

EMERGING AND REMERGING DISEASES

Out breaks due to fungal infections do occur but only in SPORADIC forms and epidemic have not been reported

ex :incidence of cryptococcal meningitis cases by cryptococcus neoformans has increased 1000fold in new York city alone

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS1.DIRECT MICROSCOPY KOH

preparation Calcoflour

white Gram staining Indian ink

preparation

CULTURE: SDA agar BHI agar czapek dox

medium corn meal agar incubated at22c

for 1wk

identification

3.Serological tests : agglutinations

CFT,CIE

ELISA,RIA

4.Skintests:histoplasmin test

5.Molecular methods: PCR,DNA probes

6.Typing methods7.Animal inoculation

SIGNIFICANCE OF FUNGI

USES1.Recycling2.As food3.Flavouring agents4.Russian or Manchurian tea5.Fermentation6.Antibiotic preparation 7.ergot-claviceps(as

vasoconstricting agent)8.Vaccine preparation and many

more….

Harmful effects1.Fungal diseases2.Mycotoxicosis3.Mycetismus4.Bread moulds5.Biological warfare's