Mycology Introduction
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Transcript of Mycology Introduction
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Mycology IntroductionStudent LabDivision of Medical TechnologyCarol Larson MSEd, MT(ASCP)
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MycosesSuperficialSubcutaneousSystemicOpportunistic
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Characteristics of fungiEukaryoticGrowth requirementsFormsMoldYeast
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AseptateHyphaeSeptate
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HyphaeHyalineDematiaceous
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MyceliumMass of branching intertwined hyphaeVegetativeAerialFertile
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Vegetative typesFavic chandeliersNodular organsRacquet hyphaeSpiral hyphae
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ReproductionIdentify fungi by:Morphology of reproductive structures
Spores from vegetative mycelium or aerial fruiting bodies
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Asexual ReproductionConidiaConidiophoreArthroconidia
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Asexual ReproductionBlastoconidia
PseudohyphaeChlamydoconidiaChlamydospores
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Asexual ReproductionMacroconidiaMicroconidiaPhialoconidiaPhialide
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Asexual ReproductionAnnelloconidiaAnnellideSporangiosporesSporangiumSporangiophore
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Sexual ReproductionPerfect Fungi has a sexual stageFungi Imperfecti no know sexual stage
Spores
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Sexual ReproductionAscosporesAscusAscocarpBasidiosporesZygospores
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In review Mycoses fungal diseasesCharacteristics of fungiGrowth requirementsForms (mold, yeast)StructuresReproductionAsexualSexual
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Fungal Culture ProcessSpecimen collection and transportationDirect examination of specimenSelection and inoculation of mediaEvaluation of fungal growthSerological testingAntifungal susceptibility testing
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Specimen CollectionSpecimen typesCollect from area most likely infectedUse sterile techniqueKeep specimen moistLabel container properlyTransport right awayProcess right away
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Direct ExaminationProvides preliminary reportGuides MD in treatment of patientObserve yeast phase of dimorphicGives clues to id causative agentInoculate special mediaMay require more than one direct examination method
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Direct ExaminationSaline wet mountLactophenol cotton blue wet mount10% KOH preparationGram stainAcid fast stainIndia ink stain
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Direct ExaminationCalcofluor white stainWrights stainGomori Methenamine Silver stainPeriodic Acid Schiff stain
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Specimen ProcessingSafetyTube media preferred over plate mediaWork in safety hoodWear gloves and lab coatAutoclave specimens and mediaDisinfect work area daily
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Specimen ProcessingPrimary isolation mediaGoal: isolate potential pathogensUse non-selective and selective mediaProper ingredientsIncubation temperatureIncubation timeIncubation atmosphere
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Non-selective MediaSabouraud dextrose agarBrain heart infusion (BHI) with/without 5% blood and 1% glucose
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Selective MediaMycosel agarInhibitory mold agarDermatophyte test medium
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Subculture / Identification MediaNeutral Sabouraud dextrose agar (Emmons)Cornmeal-Tween 80 agarNiger seed agar (Birdseed agar)Tween 80 / Oxgall / caffeic acid agarPotato dextrose agar
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Examination of Culture GrowthPotential pathogensSlow growersGrowth on MycoselColor: dull buff, brown, mousy grayDimorphic
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Examination of Culture GrowthGrowth rateRapid growers: 1-5 daysIntermediate growers: 6-10 daysSlow growers: >10 days
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Colony Morphology AppearanceRugoseUmbonateVerrucoseFlat
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Colony Morphology TextureCottonyGlabrousGranularVelvety
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Colony Morphology PigmentationSurfaceReverse
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Microscopic MorphologyDefinitive means of identificationEvaluate:ShapeMethod of productionArrangement of conidia/sporesSize and color of hyphae
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Microscopic TechniquesTease mountScotch tape preparationSlide culture
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Serological DiagnosisImmunodiffusionComplement fixationEIALatex agglutination
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Antifungal SusceptibilityDetermine appropriatenessStandardization of testingMethodsPredictability in vivoAntifungal agents
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In Summary Specimen collection and transportSpecimen processing and cultureDirect examination of specimenExamination of cultureSerological testingAntifungal susceptibility