Mushrooms and Health 2014: Clinical and Nutritional Studies in Humans

Report prepared by:

Peter Roupas, Debra Krause and Pennie Taylor

CSIRO Food and Health Flagship

Australia

Commercial in Confidence

Report prepared for:

Mushrooms and Health Global Initiative

June 2014

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Enquiries

All enquiries should be addressed to:

Dr Peter Roupas

CSIRO Food and Health Flagship

Private Bag 16, 671 Sneydes Road

Werribee, Victoria, 3030

Australia

Tel: +61 (3) 9731 3283

E-mail: peter.roupas@csiro.au

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written permission of CSIRO.

Important disclaimer

CSIRO advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements

based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may

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mailto:peter.roupas@csiro.au

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CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... 6

NUTRITIONAL PROFILING .......................................................................................................................................... 6

NEW APPLICATIONS IN HUMAN HEALTH ....................................................................................................................... 7

Brain Health / Cognition ................................................................................................................................ 7

Cancer Therapy Adjuvants ............................................................................................................................. 7

Respiratory Tract Infections ........................................................................................................................... 8

Vaccine Adjuvants .......................................................................................................................................... 9

SCOPE .............................................................................................................................................................. 9

METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................... 9

CAPTURE AND EVALUATION OF MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION ........................................................................... 9

CLINICAL TRIAL DATABASES ..................................................................................................................................... 10

NUTRIENT PROFILING OF MUSHROOMS ........................................................................................................ 12

DATABASE UPDATE AND OBSERVATIONS .................................................................................................................... 12

MACRONUTRIENTS AND MICRONUTRIENT CONTENT..................................................................................................... 14

BIOAVAILABILITY OF VITAMIN D IN HUMANS .............................................................................................................. 22

EFFECTS OF MUSHROOMS AND MUSHROOM COMPONENTS ON HUMAN HEALTH ....................................... 24

ADJUVANTS TO CANCER THERAPY ............................................................................................................................. 24

Breast Cancer ............................................................................................................................................... 26

Cervical, Ovarian and Endometrial Cancers ................................................................................................. 29

Colorectal Cancer ......................................................................................................................................... 30

Gastric Cancer .............................................................................................................................................. 31

Pancreatic Cancer ........................................................................................................................................ 32

Prostate Cancer ............................................................................................................................................ 32

ANTI-MICROBIAL PROPERTIES ................................................................................................................................. 34

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Summary of Anti-Microbial Properties ......................................................................................................... 35

ANTI-VIRAL PROPERTIES .......................................................................................................................................... 35

Summary of Anti-Viral Properties ................................................................................................................ 36

ASTHMA .............................................................................................................................................................. 37

CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH ...................................................................................................................................... 38

Summary of Cardiovascular Health ............................................................................................................. 39

COGNITION / BRAIN HEALTH ................................................................................................................................... 39

Summary of Cognition / Brain health........................................................................................................... 41

CONSTIPATION...................................................................................................................................................... 41

DIABETES ............................................................................................................................................................. 42

Summary of Anti-Diabetogenic Properties ................................................................................................... 43

DNA DAMAGE ..................................................................................................................................................... 43

IMMUNE FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 44

Summary of Immune Function ..................................................................................................................... 47

MUSCLE FUNCTION AND EXERCISE CAPACITY ............................................................................................................... 48

OBESITY / BODY COMPOSITION ............................................................................................................................... 49

ORAL HEALTH ....................................................................................................................................................... 50

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH .......................................................................................................................................... 51

RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS .............................................................................................................................. 51

HYPERSENSITIVITY TO MUSHROOMS IN HUMANS ......................................................................................... 52

Summary of Hypersensitivity Studies ........................................................................................................... 55

FOOD SAFETY STUDIES ................................................................................................................................... 55

HUMAN TRIALS IN PROGRESS ........................................................................................................................ 58

BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND PROPOSED MECHANISMS OF ACTION ........................................................... 65

ANTI-CANCER MECHANISMS ................................................................................................................................... 65

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Breast Cancer .................