Moscow, 26-28 June, 2013 Multiple Fiber-Optic Gauge ... · PDF file•Weatherford...

Multiple Fiber-Optic Gauge Installations in Unconventional Reservoirs

Presented by: Alexandr Muravyev / Weatherford LLC

Copyright 2013 Weatherford, All Rights Reserved

ENERCON 2013 International Conference

“Innovations in Oil & Gas Industry”

Moscow, 26-28th June, 2013

1

Outline

2 vertical wells completed, each with multiple fiber PT gauges (5 per well)

BHT up to 163 °C & BHP up to 76 MPa

Both completions in Open Hole

Both completions cemented in place

Both completions had all 5 PT sensors compressed in to 120ft (36 m) vertical section

Completions use combination of swellable packers and cement to isolate the zones and gauges

Following installation – completions subjected to multi-stage fracturing operations

Casing size 9 5/8-in. (244.5 mm) and Open hole section 8 3/4-in (222 mm).

Tubing 5 1/2-in. (140 mm) was run to bottom and cemented.

Wells depths: 4054 m and 4115 m,

Max depth of sensors: 4002 m and 3999 m Copyright 2013 Weatherford, All Rights Reserved

2

Objectives • Multizone permanent downhole pressure and

temperature (P/T) monitoring with gauges installed

externally on casing strings and cemented in place.

• Well 1: five-zone monitoring of internal casing pressure

before, during, and after oriented casing perforation.

• Well 2: five-zone monitoring of formation pressure

following oriented external casing-mounted gun

detonation.

• Orientation of gun assemblies (for both well scenarios)

away from the optical cable to prevent cable or gauge

damage.

Copyright 2013 Weatherford, All Rights Reserved 3

• Weatherford Fiber-Optic gauges

• Gauges ported to inside casing

• External casing Zonal & Gauge isolation achieved by swellable packers and cement

• Oriented Perforation achieved with Weatherfords XOT Tool

• Internal casing Gauge isolation achieved with bridge plugs

Monitor Well #1


4

Monitor Well #2

• Weatherford Fiber-Optic gauges

• Externally mounted & pre-oriented perforating guns

• Zonal & Gauge isolation achieved by swellable packers and cement between the guns

• Gauges ported to reservoir (outside casing) via control line to gun tubes

Open Hole

- Cemented Cable protected

from gun port

Formation

Casing & Gun Module

Cross Section Of External Gun Assembly


5

Fiber Cable, PT Gauges & Mandrels CABLES ¼” OD, 825 Inconel Armour

3 Single Mode Fibers per cable

5 PT Sensors per cable

11x11mm ECTFE Encapsulation for abrasion resistance in Open Hole

>25k psi burst rated

35k psi collapse rated

175°C (347°F) rated

PT SENSORS Bragg Grating Design

20K psi rated

175°C (347°F) rated 5 Sensors per well Fiber 1 – 2 Sensors – Pass Through & End Gauge Fiber 2 – 2 Sensors – Pass Through & End Gauge Fiber 3 – 1 Sensor – End Gauge

MANDRELS 3 styles per well due to gauge design

Cable by-pass slots

>10k psi burst

MW 1 – ported to tubing with grease injected in ports

MW 2 – ported to external guns


6

MW1 Completion Sub-Assemblies

CRITICAL COMPONENTS

SUB-ASSEMBLIES

Fiber Cable to Surface

& Lower Gauges

Swellable Packer with cable slotted inside

Gauge Housing

Blast Protectors to Identify Cable Position for wire line perforating

Gauge Mandrels Swellable Packers Blast Protectors

2 Sub-Assemblies built: #1 = 3 lower mandrels + 2 packers #2 = 2 upper mandrels + 2 packers

5 gauges pre-installed & spliced together within the sub-assemblies 4 splices performed offline 5th splice performed on rig floor

ZONAL ASSEMBLY


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MW2 Completion Sub-Assemblies CRITICAL COMPONENTS

SUB-ASSEMBLIES

Fiber Cable to Surface & Lower Gauges

External Gun Housing – with shots oriented away from cable

Gauge Mandrels External Gun Housing Snorkel Tubes Swellable Packers Blast Protectors

3 Sub-Assemblies built: #1 – 2 mandrels, 2 gun housings, 1 packer #2 – 2 mandrels, 2 gun housings, 1 packer #3 – 1 mandrel, 1 gun housing

Gauge positions measured - 5 gauges spliced in to 1 assembly ‘offline’ - with 4 splices

Blast Protectors also installed as a contingency in case wire line guns were required

Gauge Housing

Snorkel Tube from

Gauge to Gun Housing

Shots Detonated with Tubing Pressure through internal port

ZONAL ASSEMBLY


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Externally Mounted & Pre-Oriented Gun Housing

Gun Sub Ported with Burst Disk to Internal Tubing

Pressure Applied Inside Tubing

Port automatically sealed following

gun detonation

PT Gauge Cable routed ‘behind’ Gun Housing (away from shots)

Snorkel Tube from PT Gauge to Gun Housing

Burst Disk activated

Guns Detonated

Reservoir pressure ported from shot holes

via Snorkel Tube to PT Gauge

MW2 External Gun Activation


9

Cable Protection

• Blast protectors

– Designed to provided magnetic profile

– To assist with oriented perforating

• Centralisers

– Centralisers to maintain open hole stand off for cement flow

• Cross Coupling protectors

– Used across all couplings


10

Installation Success • All 10 gauges installed and

functioning

• Cement isolation achieved between gauges

• Internal ported Gauges not plugged with cement

• Wire Line guns oriented successfully with Weatherford XOT tool

• External perforations fired successfully

• Gauge data being used by client


11

Flexible configuration of the sensors system in well

Each optical fiber can support various combinations of sensors

monitoring required for any monitoring application

1 Flowmeter +2 P/T Gauges

Single Mode

DTS +

P/T

Single Mode

8 Seismic

Sensors

18 T Sensors

Single Mode

4 P/TGauges

Single Mode

1 P/T Gauge +12 T Sensors

Single Mode Single Mode

DTS

Multi ModeSingle Mode Single Mode Single Mode Single Mode Single Mode Single Mode Multi Mode


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Pressure & Temperature Sensors

• No downhole electronics

• Pressures up to 170 Mpa

• Temperature up to 275 ° C

• Pressure Accuracy + / -0.01%

• Temperature Accuracy + / -0.1%

• Long-term stability (no drift)

• Resistance to aggressive fluids and

vibration

Single-mode waveguide

Bragg grating

Pigtail

Large Diameter Waveguide

Pigtail


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Optical System for Reservoir Monitoring

Strain

The principles of measurement:

1)The light beam is directed through

the core of the fiber. Part of the light

beam - only on the wavelength grid -

is reflected back.

2)The applied strain changes the length

of the reflected wave FBG. Surface

equipment detects the wavelength

shift due to the deformation sensor.

3)Factory calibration to convert the

wavelength measurement of

pressure and temperature.


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Specifications of Р/Т Sensors

15

Gauge

type

Piezoresist

sPOD

Piezoresi

stive

mPOD

Quartz

WQG

Optical

Sensor

type

SOI Strain

1.0” OD

SOI Strain

1.0” OD

Quartz

Resonato

r OD 19

mm

Bragg Grating/

Cane™ Glass

1.0” OD (25 мм)

Pressure

rating

1.5k,3k, 5k;

7.5kpsi

10-50 Мpa

1.5

to10kpsi 10-69 МPа

10k &16kpsi

69 &110 МPа

10k & 20k psi

69 & 138 МПа

Temper.

rating 125°C 125°C 150°C 150°C / 175°C/

275°C

Temper.

Accuracy

Resolution

±1.0°C,

0.06°C

±1.0°C,

0.06°C

± 0.16°C,

0.005°C

±0.1°C,

0.02°C

Pressure

Accuracy

Resolution

0.10% FS

0.01% FS

0.075% FS

0.002% FS

0.020%

FS

0.0001%

FS

±2 psi (±0.14 bar)

0.03 psi (0.0021

bar)

LT Drift

Temper.

Pressure

<0.56°C/yr,

<±3 psi/yr

<0.56°C/yr

<±3 psi/yr

<0.1°C/yr

<± 2 psi/yr

<0.1°C/год ,

<± 0.5 psi/yr

Copyrht 2013 Weatherford, All Rights Reserved

16

Long-term stability Р/Т sensors

4980

4990

5000

5010

5020

5030

5040

5/20/99 5/19/00 5/19/01 5/19/02 5/19/03

LONG TERM STABILITY - 56 MONTHS

PS205 - 150C

ERROR BAR

+/- 5 PSI/YR

Bragg gratings sensors. No drift.

Long-term testing - 68 months: 150 ° C, 345 bar

0 12 24 36 48


EXAMPLE completion with sensors (P, T) above packer

RMS components:

• Full-bore side-pocket mandrel

• Optical P&T sensors

• Fibre optic cable ¼” Inc 825, ENC

12х12 mm

• Cable protectors

• Fittings at tubing hanger

• WHO with flange adapter

• Armored surface optical cable

• Surface data acquisition RMS-WH

37 wells (Yamal peninsula)


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Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)

• Fiber optic cable itself is a

distributed temperature sensor

• Profiling of the wellbore (range

up to 10km)

• Resolution < 1 m

ОПТОВОЛОКОННЫЙ

КАБЕЛЬ ДЛЯ

ТЕМПЕРАТУРНОГО

ПРОФИЛИРОВАНИЯ

ОПТОВОЛОКОН.

ДАТЧИК

ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ

И ДАВЛЕНИЯ

ПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ

ЗОНЫ

Applicable for oil, gas or condensate

wells

Eliminates the need for production

logging

Allows to perform well testing

Determination of non-productive zones

Scheduling objects for acidizing

Determining the breakthrough gas and

water

Measuring the effectiveness of

perforation (at cased)


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Physical principles of distributed monitoring of the

temperature profile (DTS)

Laser

diode

Signal

Processing

circuit

Optical fiber Scattered

light

Distance L

0 s as

Anti-Stokes

light

Stokes

light Photo-detector

Rayleigh light

• Pulsed light is emitted from the laser source with a certain sampling rate.

• At a distance L along the fiber is scattered, emitted Stokes and anti-Stokes photons.

• Both the emission of photons scattering fall on their photo-detectors.

• The relationship between the Stokes and anti-Stokes amplitudes processed relative to the

time of the pulse (2 x L / speed of light).

• In this manner, the temperature data is obtained as a function of distance.


19

Example configuration with ESP and DTS

Temperature data recorded by

system DTS 16-17/11/09 during 29

hours. The time of launch ESP.


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Data Acquisition and Transmission

• Connecting multiple wells to one module or individual module at each well

• Collecting real-time data

• On-screen display, archiving, alarm of abnormal modes

• Data transmission system analysis and optimization level field

• Wide range of communication protocols for connection to SCADA

• Arctic enclosure

Поддержка Протоколов Связи:

• Modbus RS232

• Modbus RS422

• Modbus RS485

• Modbus TCP/IP Ethernet

• OPC

• ASCII string

• PROFIBUS

• ODBC SQL

• Web viewer

Well / Pad / Field Central Server

Внутрискважинные

оптические датчики

Modbus

Modbus TCP/IP

OPC

Ethernet

Дисплей

Вычисл-ный

Блок

Перекл. ЛВС

Оптический

трансивер

ИБП

Хран. Данных

Weatherford

Устьевая система сбора,

обработки и хранения данных

Диспетчерская


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Visualization and operational control

• Control wells all sensors in real

time

• Electronic gauges and optical

sensors

• Data Visualization – Control of problems

– Alarms

• Network access


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Express-well test data processing

PanQL

• Rapid processing and interpretation of well test data.

• Automatic identification of sites for Build-up analysis

• Scheduled or unscheduled shut-

• Rapid processing in real time

• Online access to view and analyze data

• Network search the raw data for detailed analysis

• An intelligent approach to the collection of P/T data

• Automatic increase in the frequency scan - for BU while stopping well


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Moscow, 26-28 June, 2013 Multiple Fiber-Optic Gauge ... · PDF file•Weatherford...

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