Monday, December 2nd

Welcome Back! 2 weeks until Finals Going over emotion and stress these

next two weeks

Starting emotion today

Emotional Intelligence Test

Theories of Emotion

Emotion

The experience of feelings Can activate and affect behavior but it is

more difficult to predict the behavior prompted by a motivation

Basic Emotions

Fear Surprise Sadness Disgust

Anger Anticipation Joy Acceptance

• Plutchik proposed that there are eight basic emotions

Plutchik’s Basic Emotions

3 Steps: Emotions are a mix of…1) physiological activation, 2) expressive

behaviors, and 3) conscious experience.

Theories

1. James-Lange Theory2. Cannon-Bard Theory3. Schachter-Singer Theory4. Opponent Process Theory5. Cognitive-Appraisal Theory

James Lange Theory

James-Lange Theory

The James-Lange Theory proposes that physiological

activity precedes the emotional

experience.

2. James-Lange theory

Body = emotion

“Without the bodily states following on the perception, the latter would be purely cognitive in form; pale, colorless, destitute of emotional warmth. We might then see the bear, and judge it best to run... But we should not actually feel afraid.” (William James, 1890)

James, 1890, v. 2, p. 449 (Gleitman)

2. James-Lange theory

Testing the theory: Hypothesis 1: You need the body in order

to feel emotions. Test: Interview people with high vs. low

spinal cord injuries

High spinal cord injury: “Sometimes I act angry... But it doesn’t have the

heat to it that it used to. It’s a mental kind of anger.”

Hohman, 1966, pp. 150-151 (Carlson)

2. James-Lange theory

Situation bodily reaction emotion

FEAR

LOVE?

or

Facial Feedback Theory

Facial-Feedback

Stimuls invokes physiological arousal including movement of facial muscles

Brain interprets facial expression which gives rise to your emotion

Sequence Stimulus (See snake) Make a face (fearful) Brain reads face Emotion (fear)

Cannon Bard Theory

Cannon-Bard Theory

Proposed that an emotion-triggering stimulus and the

body's arousal take place

simultaneously.

Cannon-Bard Theory

See snake, run and fear simultaneous Stimulus to thalamus -- sends simultaneous

messages to: Lymbic system (arousal) Cortex (fear)

Two Factor Theory

Schechter-Singer Theory

Schachter-Singer Theory Two-Factor Theory

suggests our physiology and

cognitions create emotions.

Emotions have two factors–

physical arousal and cognitive

label.

3. The Schachter theory

Situation bodily reaction emotion

+ cognitive appraisal

FEAR

LOVE

3. The Schachter theory

Testing the theory: Hypothesis: The same bodily reaction

will cause one emotion in one situation, and another emotion in a different situation. Give people a dose of adrenaline; Put them in different situations; What happens?

FEAR LOVE

Opponent Process Theory

Opponent Process Theory

Opponent process theory suggests that any given emotion also has an opposed emotion. (Fear/Relief or

Sadness/Happiness) Activation of one member of

the pair automatically suppresses the opposite emotion

But the opposing emotion can serve to diminish the intensity of the initial emotion.

Opponent-Process Theory

For example, if you are frightened by a mean dog, the emotion of fear is expressed and relief is suppressed. If the fear-causing

stimulus continues to be present, after a while the fear decreases and the relief intensifies.

Cognitive Appraisal Theory

Cognitive-Appraisal Theory

For an emotion to occur, it is necessary to first think about the situation.

Cognition Can Define EmotionAn arousal response to one event spills over into our response to the next event. Spill over effect

Arousal from a soccer match can fuel anger, which may lead to rioting.

Arousal fuels emotion, cognition channels it.

AP Photo/ N

ati Harnik

Reuters/ C

orbis

Cognition and Emotion

What is the connection between how we think (cognition) and how we feel (emotion)?

Can we change our emotions by changing our thinking?

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Non-Verbal Communication

http://psychology.about.com/od/nonverbalcommunication/tp/nonverbaltips.htm

Detecting Lies WS

Read and annotate the excerpt about Detecting Lies

Identify 5 involuntary and voluntary facial expressions