Module 1 PowerPoint Presentation

8/10/2019 Module 1 PowerPoint Presentation

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Module 1

Introduction to Climate Change Science

One UN Training Service Platform

on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn

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Learning Objectives

1. Explain the basicconcepts of climate change

science

2. Identify theanthropogenic drivers of

climate change

4. Analyze different climatechange scenarios and their

implications

3. Explain observed andprojected trends in the

climate

By the end of themodule

participants will beable to:

Module 1: Introduction to Climate Change Science

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OVERVIEWSection 1

Introduction toClimateChangeScience

Section 2

AnthropogenicDrivers of

Climate Change

Section 3

ObservedTrends andImpacts of

Climate Change

Section 4

ProjectedTrends andImpacts of

Climate Change

Section 5

Sources ofScientific Data

Overview


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Introduction to Climate

Change ScienceSection 1


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What Is Climate?

Weather

What ishappening in the

atmosphere at any

given time

Climate

Average weatherover longer time

frames

Section 1: Introduction to Climate Change Science

Source: World Meteorological Organization

5
http://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/understanding_climate.phphttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/understanding_climate.php


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Complexity of the GlobalClimate System


Source: IPCC 2007, p96. Further information: WMO

Website

6
http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/faq-1-2-figure-1.htmlhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/understanding_climate.phphttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/understanding_climate.phphttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/understanding_climate.phphttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/understanding_climate.phphttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/faq-1-2-figure-1.html


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What Is the Greenhouse Effect?


Source: IPCC 2007. Further info: WMO Website

7
http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/faq-1-3.htmlhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/understanding_climate.phphttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/understanding_climate.phphttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/understanding_climate.phphttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/faq-1-3.html


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NASA Video on theGreenhouse Effect

URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCA60WnoMk


8

Video: Understand how water vapor, carbon

dioxide, and other gases cause the Earths

greenhouse effect
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCA60WnoMkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCA60WnoMk


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Factors Shaping the ClimateClimate Forcings


Source: NOAAA National Climatic Data Center

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http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/globalwarming/gw-forcing.htmlhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/globalwarming/gw-forcing.html


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One UN Training Service Platformon Climate Change: UN CC:Learn

Natural Climate FluctuationsExample of El Nio and La Nia


Source: NOAA. Further information: WMO Website

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http://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/can-we-blame-el-ni%C3%B1ohttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/significant_natural_climate_fluctuations.phphttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/significant_natural_climate_fluctuations.phphttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/significant_natural_climate_fluctuations.phphttp://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/can-we-blame-el-ni%C3%B1o


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Climate Change and GlobalWarming

Global Warming

Refers to the overallwarming of the planet,

based on averagetemperature over the

entire surface of the Earth

Climate Change

Refers to changes inclimate characteristics,including temperature,humidity, rainfall, wind,

and severe weatherevents over long term

periods


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Further information: WMO Website
http://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/causes_of_climate_change.phphttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/causes_of_climate_change.phphttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/causes_of_climate_change.php


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Observed Change in SurfaceTemperature (19012012)

Source:

Source: IPCC 2013, p4

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Tools to Predict and ProjectChanges in the Climate

A climate prediction or climate forecast is an attempt to produce an estimate ofthe actual evolution of the climate in the future.

Climate Prediction

Emissions scenarios describe future releases to the atmosphere of greenhousegases, aerosols, and other pollutants and, along with information on land use andland cover, provide inputs to climate models.

Emissions Scenario

A numerical representation of the climate system based on the physical, chemicaland biological properties of its components, their interactions and feedbackprocesses, and accounting for some of its known properties.

Climate Model

A climate projection is the simulated response of the climate system to a scenarioof future emission or concentration of greenhouse gases and aerosols, generallyderived using climate models.

Climate Projection


Source: IPCC 2013and IPCC Website. Further info: WMO Website

13
http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/uploads/WGIAR5_WGI-12Doc2b_FinalDraft_AnnexIII.pdfhttp://sedac.ipcc-data.org/ddc/ar5_scenario_process/scenario_background.htmlhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/climate_models.phphttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/climate_models.phphttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/climate_models.phphttp://sedac.ipcc-data.org/ddc/ar5_scenario_process/scenario_background.htmlhttp://www.climatechange2013.org/images/uploads/WGIAR5_WGI-12Doc2b_FinalDraft_AnnexIII.pdf


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Climate Change Has an Impact on:

Biodiversity, carbon storage,habitats,

Ecosystems

Agriculture, fresh water, health,

Human systems

Transport, buildings, lifestyle, Urban systems

Energy, manufacturing, naturalcapital industries, Economic systems

Equity, migration, peace andconflict,

Social systems


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Why is Climate Change ScienceImportant?

Sound weather data and forecasts

important for:

Short-term planning

Emergency response

Climate models help to forecast long

term climate scenarios

Important input for vulnerability assessments and

adaptation planning Fosters climate resilient development and avoids mal-

adaption


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History of Climate Change Science

Argument raised that the temperature of the Earth can beaugmented by the interposition of the atmosphere

1824

Indication that CO2and H2O can cause changes in theclimate

1861

First proposal of the idea of a man-made greenhouseeffect

1895

Proof that doubling of atmospheric CO2concentration

resulted in an increase in the mean global temperature of2C1938

Start of interdisciplinary field of carbon cycle science1950s

The high-accuracy measurements of atmospheric CO2concentration

1958

Other greenhouse gases widely recognised1970s

The first World Climate Conference in Geneva1979

Establishment of Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange (IPCC)

1988

The first IPCC report1990


18

Further information: BBC

Website
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/science-environment-15874560http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/science-environment-15874560http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/science-environment-15874560http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/science-environment-15874560


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Anthropogenic Drivers of

Climate ChangeSection 2


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eo on e uman


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eo on e umanInfluence on the ClimateSystem

URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6yiTZm0y1YA&feature=youtu.be

Video: The video summarizes the main findings

of the 2013 IPCC Report on the physical science

basis of climate change.

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Section 2: Anthropogenic Drivers of Climate Change

verv ew o reen ouse ases
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6yiTZm0y1YA&feature=youtu.behttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6yiTZm0y1YA&feature=youtu.behttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6yiTZm0y1YA&feature=youtu.behttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6yiTZm0y1YA&feature=youtu.behttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6yiTZm0y1YA&feature=youtu.be


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verv ew o reen ouse asesRegulated under the KyotoProtocol

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Greenhouse Gas Global Warming

Potential (GWP) (over

100 years)

% of Total Anthropogenic

GHG Emissions (2010)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) 1 76%

Methane (CH4) 25 16%

Nitrous oxide (N2O) 298 6%

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 124-14,800 < 2%

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) 7,390-12,200 < 2%

Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) 22,800 < 2%

Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) 17,200 < 2%

Source: Reproduced from IPCC 2007 and UNEP 2012



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Important Greenhouse Gases:Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Most important greenhouse gas

(contributes ~64% to total radiative

forcing by long-lived GHGs)

Half of CO2emitted by human activities

is being absorbed in the biosphere and

in the oceans

Rest remains in the atmosphere forhundreds to thousands of years

Source: WMO 2013

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oncen ra on n e


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2 oncen ra on n eAtmosphere and Annual GrowthRates

Source: WMO 2013

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Since 1750CO2 concentration inthe atmosphere hasincreased by 40%.


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Important Greenhouse Gases:Methane (CH4)

Second most significant greenhouse

gas (contributes ~18% to total

radiative forcing by long-lived

GHGs) Approximately 40% of methane is

emitted into the atmosphere by

natural sources

About 60% comes from human

activities

Stays in the atmosphere for

approximately 12 years

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Source: IPCC 2007 and WMO 2013

oncen ra on n e


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4 oncen ra on n eAtmosphere and Annual GrowthRates25


Source: WMO 2013

Since 1750CH4 concentration inthe atmosphere hasincreased by 150%.


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In Focus: The Carbon Cycle

Source: UNEP


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I t t G h G
http://www.grida.no/graphicslib/detail/carbon-cycle_9d44http://www.grida.no/graphicslib/detail/carbon-cycle_9d44


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Important Greenhouse Gases:Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

The third most significant

greenhouse gas (contributes ~6% to

total radiative forcing by long-lived

GHGs)

Stays in the atmosphere for

approximately 114 years

Nitrous oxide is emitted into theatmosphere from both natural (about

60%) and anthropogenic sources

(approximately 40%)

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Source: IPCC 2007 and WMO 2013

oncen ra on n e


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2 oncen ra on n eAtmosphere and Annual GrowthRates28


Source: WMO 2013

Since 1750N2Oconcentration inthe atmosphere hasincreased by 20%.

I t t G h G


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Important Greenhouse Gases:Fluorinated Gases

Global warming effect up to 23,000

times greater than carbon dioxide

Stay in the atmosphere up to 50,000

years

Three main groups:

hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),

perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur

hexafluoride (SF6)

Mainly developed as substitutes for

ozone-depleting substances

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Source: IPCC 2007. Further info

EPA, EC

G h G C t ll d b
http://epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/fgases.htmlhttp://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/f-gashttp://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/f-gashttp://epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/fgases.html


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Greenhouse Gases Controlled bythe Montreal Protocol

Montreal Protocol aimed to

phase out substances that

deplete the ozone layer

Substances regulated under theMontreal Protocol are also

powerful greenhouse gases

For example,

chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)contribute ~12% to radiative

forcing by long-lived GHGs

30


Source: IPCC 2007 and WMO 2013. Further info: NOAA

Website

Source: EPA

C f S
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/publictn/elkins/cfcs.htmlhttp://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/publictn/elkins/cfcs.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/ozone/intpol/http://www.epa.gov/ozone/intpol/http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/publictn/elkins/cfcs.htmlhttp://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/publictn/elkins/cfcs.html


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Concentration of SF6 andHalocarbons in the Atmosphere

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Source: WMO 2013


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Observed Trends and

Impacts of Climate ChangeSection 3


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Ob d S f T t


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Observed Surface TemperatureAnomaly (1850-2012)


Section 3: Observed Trends and Impacts of Climate Change

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Globally averaged land and oceansurface temperature

Each of the lastthree decades hasbeen successively

warmer at theEarths surface than

any preceding

decade since 1850.

Ob d Ch i A l


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Observed Change in AnnualPrecipitation Over Land


Section 3: Observed Trends and Impacts of Climate

Change

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Ob d O W i


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Observed Ocean Warming(1950-2010)


Change


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More than 60% of

the net energyincrease in theclimate system is

stored in theupper ocean(period 1971-

2010).


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Observed Ocean Acidification


Change


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Observed Sea Level Rise


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Observed Sea Level Rise(1900 to 2010)


Change


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Over the period

1901 to 2010,global mean sealevel rose by

0.19m.

Observed Decrease in Arctic Sea


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Observed Decrease in Arctic SeaIce Extent (1900-2010)


Change


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Observed Changes in Physical and


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Observed Changes in Physical andBiological Systems


Change

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Source: UNEP 2009, p13

n ocus: s ma e ange o


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n ocus: s ma e ange oBlame for Extreme WeatherEvents?

Source: UNEP

2009, p12.

Further info:

WMO Website


Change

41

Year

NumberofEve

nts
http://www.wmo.int/pages/publications/bulletin_en/archive/61_2_en/61_2_global_en.htmlhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/publications/bulletin_en/archive/61_2_en/61_2_global_en.html


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Projected Trends and

Impacts of Climate ChangeSection 4


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In Focus: Representative


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In Focus: RepresentativeConcentration Pathways (RCPs)

Section 4: Projected Trends and Impacts of Climate

Change

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Set of four new scenarios defined by the scientific

community for the Fifth IPCC Assessment Report.

Four RCPs include:

one mitigation scenario leading to a very low forcing

level (RCP2.6),

two stabilization scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP6), and

one scenario with very high greenhouse gasemissions (RCP8.5).

RCPs represent a range of 21st century climate

policies.

Projected Change in Average


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Global surface temperature change for the end ofthe 21st century is likely to reach 4C if no action is

taken.

Projected Change in AverageSurface Temperature

Source:IP

CC

2013,p19


Change

44

Projected Change in Average


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Projected Change in AveragePrecipitation


Scenario RCP 8.5Scenario RCP 2.6


Change

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Time Period: 1986-2005 to 2081-2100

Temperature and Precipitation


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Temperature and PrecipitationProjections for the 21stCentury

URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFqO3_2dYxA

Video: This NASA video shows howtemperature and precipitation patterns couldchange throughout the 21st century.

Section 4: Projected Trends and Impacts of Climate Change

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Projected Change in Ocean
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFqO3_2dYxAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFqO3_2dYxA


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Projected Change in OceanSurface pH



Section 4: Projected Trends and Impacts of ClimateChange

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Time Period: 1986-2005 to 2081-2100


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Projected Sea Level Rise



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Global mean

sea level willcontinue to

rise during the21st century.

Projected Northern Hemisphere


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Projected Northern HemisphereSeptember Sea Ice Extent




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Average 2081-2100

Projected Impacts of Climate Change


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Projected Impacts of Climate Changein Africa



50

Ch


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Changein Asia


51

Source: UNEP

2009, p34

Projected Impacts of Climate


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Projected Impacts of ClimateChange in Latin America


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Source: UNEP

2009, p37

Projected Impacts of Climate


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Projected Impacts of ClimateChange on Small Islands

Sea level rise exacerbating

inundation, storm surge,

erosion and other coastal

hazards



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Reduced freshwater

resources

Invasion by non-native

species

Effects on food and income

security


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Carbon Crossroads

Source: Cambridge

University 2013, p 14


o a arm ng y an


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o a arm ng y anBeyond: A Function of CumulativeCO2Emissions


55

Limiting

climatechange willrequire

substantialand sustainedreductions ofgreenhouse

gasemissions.



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Sources of Scientific DataSection 5


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The Intergovernmental Panel on


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The Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change (IPCC)

Leading body for theassessment of

climate change

Established in 1988by UNEP and WMO

Assesses relevantscientific, technical

and socio-economic

information

Does not conduct

any research itself

Thousands ofscientists from all

over the worldcontribute to its work

Section 5: Sources of Scientific Data

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Important Reports Published by the
http://www.ipcc.ch/http://www.ipcc.ch/


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Important Reports Published by theIPCC

AssessmentR

eports First

assessment report

(FAR) Second

assessment report(SAR)

Thirdassessmen

t report(TAR)

Fourthassessment report(AR4)

Fifth

assessment report

SpecialRepo

rtson: Renewable

energysources

Extremeevents anddisasters

Emissionscenarios

Aviation

Carboncaptureandstorage

MethodologyR

eports Guidance

for nationalgreenhous

e gasinventories

Guidanceforassessingimpacts ofclimatechange

Land use,land-usechange andforestry

TechnicalP

apers Climate

change andwater

Implications ofproposedCO2emissionslimitations

Technologi

es, policiesandmeasuresformitigatingclimatechange

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or e eoro og ca rgan za on(WMO) Gl b l Cli t
http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_technical_papers.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/activities/activities.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtmlhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/index_en.htmlhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/index_en.html


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o e eo o og ca ga a o(WMO)Global ClimateProgrammes

59


World Climate Programme (WCP)

World Climate Research Programme

Global Climate Observing System

World Climate Services Programme

Programme of Research on Climate Change

Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation

Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme

(AREP)

Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS)

Advisory Body: Commission for Climatology (CCI)
http://www.wmo.int/pages/index_en.htmlhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/overview.htmlhttp://www.gfcs-climate.org/http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/ccl/index_en.phphttp://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/ccl/index_en.phphttp://www.gfcs-climate.org/http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/overview.htmlhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/http://www.wmo.int/pages/index_en.html


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WMO Global Atmosphere Watch:
http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/gaw_home_en.htmlhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/gaw_home_en.html


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WMO Global Atmosphere Watch:Measurement Stations Worldwide

61


WMO Regional Climate Centers
http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/gaw_home_en.htmlhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/gaw_home_en.html


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WMO Regional Climate Centersand Outlook Forums

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WMO Regional

Climate Centres

(RCCs)

WMO Regional

Climate OutlookForums (RCOFs)

N ti l Cli t D t
http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/wcasp/RCCs.htmlhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/wcasp/clips/outlooks/climate_forecasts.htmlhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/wcasp/clips/outlooks/climate_forecasts.htmlhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/wcasp/RCCs.html


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National Climate Data

National

Meteorological and

Hydrological Services(NMHS)

Collect and manage

national climate data

to help with

forecasting and

predictions

Norfolk Island Meterological Office,Source:Australian Government: Bureau of

Meteorology

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http://www.wmo.int/pages/members/members_en.htmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/sites.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/sites.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/sites.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/sites.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/sites.shtmlhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/members/members_en.html


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Annex Additional Resources


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M d l S


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Module Summary

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Additional Resources

Weather and climate are the results of complex interactions

between anthropogenic and natural factors.

Evidence of global climate change include higher average

temperatures, changes in precipitation, ocean warming, ocean

acidification, sea level rise, decreasing sea ice, and changes inphysical and biological systems.

Observed climate change can be linked with the increase of

greenhouse gase concentrations in the atmosphere since the

industrial revolution. Global surface temperature change for the end of the 21st century

is likely to reach 4C if no drastic mitigation actions are taken.

Various sources of climate data exist that can support planning for

climate change.


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Recommended Readings


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Recommended Readings

Cambridge University (2013). Climate Change: Action, Trends and

Implications for Business

IPCC (2013). Climate Change 2013, The Physcial Science Basis -

Summary for Policymakers

UNEP (2009). Climate Change Science Compendium

UNEP (2009). Climate in Peril, A Popular Guide to the Latest IPCC

Reports

WMO (2013). The Global Climate 20012010, A Decade of Climate

Extremes

Additional Resources

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Main References
http://www.google.ch/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CDwQFjAB&url=http://www.cpsl.cam.ac.uk/~/media/Files/Resources/IPCC/IPCC_Climate_Change_Action_Trends_and_Implications%20_for_Business_WG1_professional_print_version.ashx&ei=yE36Uo_TE4altAacwIDAAg&usg=AFQjCNF6ERhXbqhFAoaD5aFqSP7dvYOqxQ&sig2=9u62sEbU7mnQDM5rE6pM-g&bvm=bv.61190604,d.Ymshttp://www.google.ch/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CDwQFjAB&url=http://www.cpsl.cam.ac.uk/~/media/Files/Resources/IPCC/IPCC_Climate_Change_Action_Trends_and_Implications%20_for_Business_WG1_professional_print_version.ashx&ei=yE36Uo_TE4altAacwIDAAg&usg=AFQjCNF6ERhXbqhFAoaD5aFqSP7dvYOqxQ&sig2=9u62sEbU7mnQDM5rE6pM-g&bvm=bv.61190604,d.Ymshttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/climate_change_science_compendium_2009http://www.uncclearn.org/climate_peril_popular_guide_latest_ipcc_reportshttp://www.uncclearn.org/climate_peril_popular_guide_latest_ipcc_reportshttp://www.uncclearn.org/global_climate_2001_2010_decade_climate_extremeshttp://www.uncclearn.org/global_climate_2001_2010_decade_climate_extremeshttp://www.uncclearn.org/global_climate_2001_2010_decade_climate_extremeshttp://www.uncclearn.org/global_climate_2001_2010_decade_climate_extremeshttp://www.uncclearn.org/global_climate_2001_2010_decade_climate_extremeshttp://www.uncclearn.org/global_climate_2001_2010_decade_climate_extremeshttp://www.uncclearn.org/global_climate_2001_2010_decade_climate_extremeshttp://www.uncclearn.org/global_climate_2001_2010_decade_climate_extremeshttp://www.uncclearn.org/climate_peril_popular_guide_latest_ipcc_reportshttp://www.uncclearn.org/climate_peril_popular_guide_latest_ipcc_reportshttp://www.uncclearn.org/climate_change_science_compendium_2009http://www.uncclearn.org/climate_change_science_compendium_2009http://www.uncclearn.org/climate_change_science_compendium_2009http://www.uncclearn.org/climate_change_science_compendium_2009http://www.uncclearn.org/climate_change_science_compendium_2009http://www.uncclearn.org/climate_change_science_compendium_2009http://www.uncclearn.org/climate_change_science_compendium_2009http://www.uncclearn.org/climate_change_science_compendium_2009http://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.google.ch/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CDwQFjAB&url=http://www.cpsl.cam.ac.uk/~/media/Files/Resources/IPCC/IPCC_Climate_Change_Action_Trends_and_Implications%20_for_Business_WG1_professional_print_version.ashx&ei=yE36Uo_TE4altAacwIDAAg&usg=AFQjCNF6ERhXbqhFAoaD5aFqSP7dvYOqxQ&sig2=9u62sEbU7mnQDM5rE6pM-g&bvm=bv.61190604,d.Ymshttp://www.google.ch/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CDwQFjAB&url=http://www.cpsl.cam.ac.uk/~/media/Files/Resources/IPCC/IPCC_Climate_Change_Action_Trends_and_Implications%20_for_Business_WG1_professional_print_version.ashx&ei=yE36Uo_TE4altAacwIDAAg&usg=AFQjCNF6ERhXbqhFAoaD5aFqSP7dvYOqxQ&sig2=9u62sEbU7mnQDM5rE6pM-g&bvm=bv.61190604,d.Ymshttp://www.google.ch/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CDwQFjAB&url=http://www.cpsl.cam.ac.uk/~/media/Files/Resources/IPCC/IPCC_Climate_Change_Action_Trends_and_Implications%20_for_Business_WG1_professional_print_version.ashx&ei=yE36Uo_TE4altAacwIDAAg&usg=AFQjCNF6ERhXbqhFAoaD5aFqSP7dvYOqxQ&sig2=9u62sEbU7mnQDM5rE6pM-g&bvm=bv.61190604,d.Yms


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Main References

IPCC (2007). Climate Change 2007 - Synthesis Report

IPCC (2013). Climate Change 2013, The Physcial Science Basis -

Summary for Policymakers

UNEP (2009). Climate in Peril, A Popular Guide to the Latest IPCC

Reports

UNEP (2012). The Emissions Gap Report 2012

WMO (2012): Greenhouse Gas Bulletin WMO (2009).A History of Climate Activities

WMO Website: Climate

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http://www.uncclearn.org/climate_change_2007_synthesis_reporthttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/climate_peril_popular_guide_latest_ipcc_reportshttp://www.uncclearn.org/climate_peril_popular_guide_latest_ipcc_reportshttp://www.uncclearn.org/emissions_gap_report_2012http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/ghg/documents/GHG_Bulletin_No.8_en.pdfhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/publications/bulletin_en/archive/58_3_en/documents/58_3_zillman_en.pdfhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/index_en.phphttp://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/index_en.phphttp://www.wmo.int/pages/publications/bulletin_en/archive/58_3_en/documents/58_3_zillman_en.pdfhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/publications/bulletin_en/archive/58_3_en/documents/58_3_zillman_en.pdfhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/publications/bulletin_en/archive/58_3_en/documents/58_3_zillman_en.pdfhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/publications/bulletin_en/archive/58_3_en/documents/58_3_zillman_en.pdfhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/publications/bulletin_en/archive/58_3_en/documents/58_3_zillman_en.pdfhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/publications/bulletin_en/archive/58_3_en/documents/58_3_zillman_en.pdfhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/publications/bulletin_en/archive/58_3_en/documents/58_3_zillman_en.pdfhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/ghg/documents/GHG_Bulletin_No.8_en.pdfhttp://www.uncclearn.org/emissions_gap_report_2012http://www.uncclearn.org/climate_peril_popular_guide_latest_ipcc_reportshttp://www.uncclearn.org/climate_peril_popular_guide_latest_ipcc_reportshttp://www.uncclearn.org/climate_peril_popular_guide_latest_ipcc_reportshttp://www.uncclearn.org/climate_peril_popular_guide_latest_ipcc_reportshttp://www.uncclearn.org/climate_peril_popular_guide_latest_ipcc_reportshttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/working_group_i_contribution_ipcc_fifth_assessmenthttp://www.uncclearn.org/climate_change_2007_synthesis_reporthttp://www.uncclearn.org/climate_change_2007_synthesis_reporthttp://www.uncclearn.org/climate_change_2007_synthesis_reporthttp://www.uncclearn.org/climate_change_2007_synthesis_report

Module 1 PowerPoint Presentation

Documents

Transcript of Module 1 PowerPoint Presentation