Modern EraCold War, Korea,

Vietnam, Hippies, Modern Day

Why so “Cold”?• Capitalism vs. Communism• End of WWII into 1990’s• United States vs. Soviet Union=

Superpowers• Cold because 2 countries never

engaged in open fire warfare• War of ideas (political &

economic) rather than a battle of weapons

Long Term Causes

• Atomic bombs of Hiroshima & Nagasaki unleashed use of super-weapons

• Every world power wanted access to nuclear weapons technology

• Arms race between US & Soviet Union

http://youtu.be/paG4kZZfNXY

Immediate Causes

• Stalin= no free elections in Russia

• Communism imposed throughout USSR

• Stalin = untrustworthy, sinister, evil as Hitler

• Winston Churchill “iron curtain has descended across the continent”

US Plans

• Containment- also known as Truman Doctrine– Spread of Communism must

stop w/ Russia

• Marshall Plan- economic aid package sent to European nations suffering after WWII– Rebuilt Germany

Stalin views these both as threats

Duck & Cover

• http://youtu.be/N_1jkLxhh20

Berlin

• Berlin, Germany= divided into East & West

• Separated by Berlin Wall (1960s)– Kept Germans under

Soviet control• East = Communist

West= Capitalist• Berlin Airlift: US planes w/

aid & supplies flew in to help Germans over a year

Alliances

• NATO= North Atlantic Treaty Organization– US, Canada, & Western

Europe

• Warsaw Pact= Soviet Union & “buffer zone” nations btwn USSR & Europe

• Arms race continues to strengthen- both had enough to destroy the world

Major World Events

• Stalin dies= Nikita Khrushchev takes over– Invades Hungary &

Czechoslovakia• Cuban Missile Crisis– Fidel Castro + Soviet Union – Soviet missiles stored in

Cuba aimed at US• Bay of Pigs– Failed American invasion

of Cuba http://youtu.be/H5ZzL9KsyPY

Korea• Korean War (1950-1953)– N. Korea(Communist) vs. S.

Korea (Democracy)– Mao Zedong= Chinese

leader, takes over N. Korea – 38th parallel divides Korea– UN sent forces, armistice

signed, nations split– War for nothing

Vietnam

• Vietnam Conflict (1960s)• Northern Vietnam vs.

Southern Vietnam• N. Vietnam= Ho Chi Minh

(Communist leader)• US military invasions turned

Americans against US Govt• Hippies & War protestors of

1960s• President Nixon= leave

Vietnam 1970s

http://youtu.be/IPPaZU18rUg

HIPPIES!

• Counter-Culture• Rebelled against rigid

traditional values of 1950s

• “hip” vs. “square”• Embraced diverse

cultures (Eastern Asian religions, African music, communal living)

• Psychedelic music• Sexual revolution• Drugs used for

“exploring the mind” and “altered states of consciousness”– Marijuana, LSD,

mushrooms• Haight-Ashbury &

Woodstockhttp://digital.films.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=8735&xtid=44098

Détente • Détente- easing of Cold

War tensions in 1970s– Soviets invade

Afghanistan (1979)– Soviets beaten

repeatedly by Afghan & US forces

– Soviet economy depleted, people demand end of war

Collapse of Communism• USSR allies began to break

away• Mikhail Gorbachev in power

(USSR)• Perestroika: complete

overhaul of govt & economy of Russia

• Glasnost: creation of open atmosphere for change (national & international)

• Soviets still unable to fully recoverhttp://youtu.be/zmRPP2WXX0U

The End

• Berlin Wall torn down (1989)– Germany reunited

• Russian Revolution of 1991– Gorbachev tries reverting

back to Communism, Boris Yeltsin= new President of independent Russia

– Military coup d’etat

Oil Conflicts

• Middle East nations: Oil control= political, economic, social power

• OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, etc.)– Set price & quantity available

• US supported Israel (Jewish)– OPEC nations withdrew oil

supply from US= shortage

War for Oil

• Iraq attacked Iran(1980s) & Kuwait (1990)– Led by Saddam Hussein

• Persian Gulf War– US forces sent in to stop

Hussein– Iraq lost, but destroyed

oil pipelines, environmental disaster

– Hussein in control until captured & killed in 2006

Globalization

• Trade & Industrialization• NAFTA: North American

Free Trade Agreement– Canada, US, Mexico

• Industrialized nations depend on oil– Still a source of conflict today

• Advanced communications & technology

• Trade = Cultural diffusion & diversity worldwide

Third World

• Developing nations in Africa, Asia, & Latin America– Not as industrialized– Unstable government

– Economic struggles

(Communism vs. Capitalism)

Terrorism• Deliberate use of unpredictable

violence, especially against civilians, to gain revenge or achieve political goals.

• Used by groups or individuals that do not have a military of their own

• Activities include bombings, kidnappings, assassinations, and hijackings

• Areas of widespread terrorism Northern Ireland, the Middle East, and any area with American citizens, who have become a target of terrorist activities

• Ex: Osama bin Laden. 9/11 attacks

• Efforts to stop terrorism have seen limited success due to the random nature of its activities

http://youtu.be/1V1SCWOXJbc