Mısır Yetiştiriciliği, Hastalıklar ve Zararlıları ()

download Mısır Yetiştiriciliği, Hastalıklar ve Zararlıları ()

of 61

Transcript of Mısır Yetiştiriciliği, Hastalıklar ve Zararlıları ()

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    1/61

    Hbsb{ $ ?$ V `jfsjf{bcfb fm fFM F

    "$?F

    $ ""FFb&%&&;/ b (S

    3

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    2/61

    HFSF[ V@WFtWF[FCFBFMF

    FCFDG@LFB@[?$ blbfh Fsw`lb`{f =;$ Hfshd M`bfs{d` Gkd`hb`{f 53$ Wiq{ol Eohbbmb ?;7$ Wiq{ol fsw`lb`{f ?:0$ H{s{{ @lfhf ?=:$ Mpk{`b`{d` ?5=$ S`v{`bwh` Z` Coqoboho ?65$ Spboho ;16$ Vokodcf Iw Hpcog`b`sf ;1?1$ Eosow Z` Eo{hod ;???$ HFSF[-GO ^O[O[BF SIC@LB@[$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;3

    ??(? Si~lp{wbo{$$$$$ ;3??(; Godokp{dp$$ ;0??(3 W`blp{wbod$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;=??(7 H{s{{ Hovhpdcpmp$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;6??(0 _f~mfbf Voq{ollp{gp$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 31??(: Hws{{ Voq{ol Lp{wbod$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 3;??(= H{s{{ Limodlp{gp$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 37??(5 Hbsb{lp{gp$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 3:

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    3/61

    `bJ?( b @MFWFHS@[FSF6 R

    ??(6 V`tfblp{w$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 36??(?1 H{sf{go Qohpl Voq{ollp{gp < "$$$ 7???(?? We{fqsb`{$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 73??(?; L{{{h~f I{phc`lb`{$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 77??(?3 Voq{ol Kfwb`{f >$$$$$$$$ 70??(?7 Qfs Lilpbp V`sfb KIc`l$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 7=??(?0 Voq{ol Qf{`b`{f$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 75

    ?;$ HFSF[ EOSWOBbLBO[F >$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 75?;(? Hfsb { [oswbmb$$$$$ 75?;(; H{sw{ wieph mp{plbpmp$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 01?;(3 H{s{{ Wieph" L:l" Lilkio~f z` Soq vp{plbpmp 0?

    ?3$ HFSF[ WO[BOBO[FDGO VOKODCF IWBO[$$$$$$$$$$$$ 07?3$? HPCOG@B@SF

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    4/61

    WF[FCFBfMF

    ?$ fLBfH fSW@LB@[fSfcolelHfs { { wfqfl kf{ sw`ol flbfh kfwlfsfgf{$ @d pvmpd cfhb`d{d` s{colb{l fsw`mf

    /5 C -fd pswIdg`gf{$?0 C -dfd obwfdgolf s{colb{lbo{ fbl kpvp{d`vb vozosboww{(mbdgod z`{fhg` k`bf{mfd gpspsb`{` d`g`d ibp{$ @d pvmpd kpvph` sfcole(mb ;0(31 C- b`{ o{oshgogf{$ Cfl{swod w`q` qpslpbP z`{fdc`v` g`l `c`dsp{`g`lf s{colel" kpvp{d` sP{`sfdfd k`bf{b`dh`sfdg` `wlfbfgf{$ _blb fb` w`(q` z`{h`sf o{osfdgolf sp{`$ibph z` eosow wo{fefdf k`bf{b`v`d kf{ wolwi{gp{"Kp d`g`db`< ;?(;0 C W`hhp~ ovw sfcolel i{wobohosf ibod kkbm`b`{g`god` {{psf{ P{`wfhf vipdgp{"

    HFSf{ kfwlfsfdfd k`bf{wfb`d kp s{colb fl g`{`c`b {fdg` fvf `bfs{d` mksw`{ (kfbh`sfdfd fbl lispbp fs` d`h wolwi{pdpd v`w`{bf ib{dosfg{{$ Osh sw`ol z`lp{olbflbo{go w`q` qPslIFIcodeb{w{p lovk`g`{" wi~bodho ibho~$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    5/61

    C F J W c b @ M FW F H S @ [ FS > $ > Y F > ( 6 > >Y ( t " $ ( ( ( B t t t Y

    Hfs{{ fcbd pvmpd ibod flbfhf k`bf{b`v`d jolwi{b`{g`d kf{fg` vombtwb{$ Vo(mfth hflwo{f" `lfh idc`sf z` v`wfs{d` gid`hfdg`lf gombbbtb" kfwlfdfd m`bft(h`sfdf z` z`{f hfdf id`{dbf ibcpg` `wlfb`{$

    M`d`b ibo{ol {{pshd sp bewfvocf Fo~bog{{$ C`sfw" wiq{ol voq{sf z` eozoso{wboddo kombb ibo{ol v`wfs{d` sp{`sf kivpdco wiqboh 711(:11 hh spvo$ fewfvoc gpvholwog{{$ Fbl `bfs{d` gid`{dbdg` gpspl ibod sp fsw`mf" voq{olvp~`vfdfd o{whos> fb` mfg`{`l o{wholwo" voq{ol vp~`vfdfd $holsfhphopbos{doshgod sid{o kf{ ovbNl sp{`g` kfwlfdfd wp{d voso{{p kivpdco wpl`w(wfmf spvpd vods{{p lpbbodholwogf{$ Kf{ koslo g`vfsb` qpslpb cflo{{do id(c`sf fb` spw ibph gid`{dfdg` {{psf{ `d jo~bo spvo fewfvoc gpvholwog{{$ Kpg`z{`g` v`w`{bf vombt vilso hpwbolo spboho voqwb {dob{g{{ $ Lp{ol `mfbfhfibod kib`b`{g` kfwlfdfd fbl `bfs{d` gid`{dfdg` HoVbs ov{ & vombth o~ib{dosf fsw`d`d gp{phgp{$ Kp gp{ph lilpd g`{fd` mfwh`sfdf w`szfl `g`{$H{s{{ `{l`d gid`hb`{g` g{`doXf fvf ibhovod wiq{olbo{go jo~bo spgod ~o({o{ mi{p{$

    Hfs{{ kfwlfsf ?tbmo`d jo~bo ibphbp c`zoq z`{`d kfwlfb`{g`d kf{fgf{$ Mib(m`v` cil eossoswf{$ Kp eossosfv`wf goeo cil w`q` qpslpbp ibpsp{d gid`(hf idc`sfdg` l`dgfdf isw`{f{$

    ;$ HFSF[FD M@Bf'H@ IID@HB@[fH{sw{ wod{{pdgo m`{`lbf bsb`{db`{f ~o{do{pdgo z` m`{`lwfmf mfkf voqholgibovfs{vbo vpls`l z`{fh sobo{dol fcbd kfwlfdfd `bfsh` g`z{`b`{fdf z` kp

    g`z{`b`{g`lf fewfvocbod{p kfbh`l idc`bflb` id`{dbfcf{$;$? @lfh( `blb/9 Gid`{db@lfh voq{bgflwod sid{o cf{db`dh`fcfd m`{`lbf so{wbo{ kpbpdpdco idc`

    lilcpl "goeo sid{o sp{pd z` m`mfcf lilb`{ h`vgodo m`bf{$ Z`{fhf `wlf(F

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    6/61

    8888t88888tY$+$$"$$Y$$+++""""""""$YH

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    7/61

    w licod pcpdgolf gibb`d{d` ibso kfb` god` `bfs`h`~$

    ;$7 bod` Ibpsp{d Gid`hfGibb`d{d` ibgplwod kf{loc {((YY($((( tYYY$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

    mpd sid{o licod qpslpbpdpdsib{dos> z` loez`{`dmfd` gi(dps{d`sbdg`d koslo e`{eodmfkf{ g`fs{d` i{pb{d`~" Limodkpvp{d`v` g`zoh `g`{$ ^o(hodfo m`bft`d wod`b`{ sp goh(bocflbod mfkf mi{pdp{$ Kpdgod

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    8/61

    HFSF[ V@WFtWf[FCFBFMF

    sid{olf flf eojwo fcfdg` wod`b`{ cil bp~e m`bftf{ z` o{wfl kfwlfdfd olwfzfw`sfk`sfd g`qibohovo vid`bflwf{$

    ;$0 Wod`dfd Ifmpdbo/9hosb z` Lp{phosfWi~boshogo volbosfl flf ov sid{o {{psf{ wod`sf m`d`bbflb` pbosokfb`c`(mf `d vpls`l lp{p omb{bbmb lo~o{p{$ Kp g`z{` jf~vibinfl ibpdbosho g`z{`(sf ibo{ol lokpb `gfbf{$ Kp gid`hg` kfwlf `d vpls`l wiqboh lp{p hogg`hflwoddo pbos{{$ Df(soswo g`qiwod{dosf wo(ho{dbodhco wod`b`{goeo s`{wb`s{d`v`kosbo{$ Vp{dpsol eo(hp{ gid`{dfdg`d s`{weohp{ gp{phpdo m`(c`{" H{sf{go ibpdbos({do{pd gfm`{ kf{ is(w`{m`sf g` sfvoe dil(wogf{$ Kp dilwo wp{d wo(d`b`{fd pcpdo volfdkf{ obo{p loqbo{$ Wod`(vf p~pdwo{dosho(l`swb(mfhf~g` z`vo w { {do{({{p~bo wod`dfd pcpdpsbVb{gbmbhb~go sfvoewokolo mi{pb`kfbf{$

    Sfvoe wokolo{pdibps{dosf kf~` k`sfdhogg`b`{fdfd wod`v`wosh{dosf{pd gp{gp(mpdp fjog` `g`{$ Kf{

    ??

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    9/61

    6? JW6? @MFWFH S @[ bsb (6(+Flico{pd ibpdbosw{> licod i{woshgolf wod`b`{fd `d o~ %=0-fdfd sfvoe wo(

    $ kolovo soefq ibgppdgo lokpb `gfbf{$3$WIQ[Of2 EO^F[BFMF $Mpdp{dp~g` {{psf{ kfw( "$$$$(((

    lfsfdg` wiq{ol fsb`{d` sfs(w`hb`{f jo{le kfcfhb`{g` vo( $tt/j$b$-f{Oft

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    10/61

    HFSF[ V@WFtWF[FCFBFMF

    3$?$ Hbsb{ P{`wfhfdg` Wiq{ol bsb`h` H`wiwbod3$?t?$M`b`d`ls`b Wiq{ol bsb`{d`>I v sojeogod h`vgodo m`bf{$Kf{fdcf wiq{ol fsb`h`> Sid(

    koeo{ z`vo idc`sb kfwlfdfd doso( $g{dgod sid{o kfwlfdfd lobod l{(sfhfod qo{cobo{pq z` wiq {omo mi(hpb{d`sf s`lbfdg` voq{e{$ Kp ft(b`hg`m`d`bbflb`(qpbbpl lpbbo{pbf{$Omb{ wiq{olbo{go kp fsb`{d `{l`dsidkoeo{go g`{fd" eojfj wiq{olbo{( ttfftfffc Wiq({ol fsb`{d`dwd `sos jidlsfvidbo(ddgod kb{b wiephbodd loqod{dosffcfd wieph vowo{hd eo~f{bodho( ?>

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    11/61

    6 ?JW6 ? @M FWFH s s o w s w 6

    lo{i " lpbwfzowi{ z`vo wf{{{pl lpb(bo{pbo{ol voqfe{$ Wiq{o{d vp~`(vf wi~ eobfd` m`wf{fbh`bf lpcpl l`(s`lb`{ eobfdg` kf{olwb{doeg{{$Kivb` eo~f{bodod wieph vowolbo(d libovbflbo lovhol kobo{do~" spvpd wiq {omo dpwp~ `wh`sf goeo fvfgf{$

    Wiq{omh vp~`vf wi~ eobbd`m`wf{fbh`bf lptpll`s`lb`{eobfdg` k{{ol{bhoeg{{"

    3$?$;$ Odf I{wpbp HobtH`wigp >M`b`d`ls`b wiq{ol fsb`h`dfd `sosfh w`slfb `g`d kfwlf o{w{lbo{{{pd z`

    vokodcf iwbodd wohoh`d i{dpb{d`sf fsb`{df `{i~vido d`g`d ibgppdgod`{i~vidpd q{ikb`h ibgpp obodbo{go w`{l `gfbh`v` kosbod{{psw{{$Kpdpd v`{fd` lpbwp{ kfwlfsf z`vo kfwlf o{w{lbod wiq{ol vp~`vfd` k{{ol{(

    bo{ol i{wpbp hob` sfsw`hf ogf z`{fb`d wiq{ol fsb`h` h`wigp pvmpbodhovokosbod{hsw{ { $

    G`~ozodwonbod fs` wiq{ol sfcole{{p o~obw{{$ Kfwlf o{w{lboddgo qo{co(

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    12/61

    H FS F[ V @W F'W F[ FC FB FM F

    bod{do o~obf{ z` kfwlfb`{fd v`df `bfs{d` g`z{`sfdg` kpvp{d`vb `wlfb`{$ Kph`wig fcfd `bfswf{fb{dfs i~`b ob`w z` `lfqhod h`zcpwwp{$

    3$?$3$ Hfdfhph Wiq{ol bsb`h` >C`lf mpcp kpvpl w{olwi{b` si~ lidpsp lihkfd` ob`wb`{` hfk~`{fd g`fboz`sf fb` kf{ g`jogo kf{loc fsb`{d voq{bokfb{d`lw`gf{$ M`d`bbflb` idg`lf ob`w

    ibo{ol wo{bo wb{hbmb" vove lpbwfzowi{ z$s$ lpbbo{pb{dolwog{{$ Ovh cow{vo kom(bod{{ps o{logolf ob`w fs` m`d`bbflb` koswhcf" qo{cobov{cf ibo{ol i{`z vo(qod" jo{lbf voq{golf h`{god`b`{ z`vo gid`{ w{{{{plbo{ ibholwog{{" Lp{olkib`b`{g` {{ps{{ fcfd wieph vowomb eo~{{ bo{dogo id`{fb`d ob`wb`{ idg` w{{({{pl" sid{o koswhcf h`{god` z` o{logo go qo{cobovfcf gid`{ w{{h{l `l( $bfgf{$

    3$?$7$ Wiq{ol f"b`h`sf~ Sfsw`h >Kp sfsw`h wiephpd k{{ol{bocof z` loqow{bokfb`c`l logo{ kf{ vodl

    h`vgodo m`wf{fb`{`l ki~pb{do{hs wiq {omo `lfh s`lbf ibo{ol wo{phbodokbbf{$

    ?0

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    13/61

    C FJWC F @MFWFH S@[ FS F (6 (

    Wo{bogolf vokodcw iwbodd" fboc fb` vil `gfbh`sf m`{`lh`lw`gf{$Kp sfsw`hg` `lfhg` wieph {dflwod{pd kf{o~ jo~bo wpwpbhob{g{{$ Kfwlf

    lil sfsw`hfdf goeo {oeow coesw{{{dol fcfd goeo `{l`d g`z{`g` o{o coqos>z` spboho voq{ bhoegw{ $

    7$ Wiq{ol fsw`lb`{f$ I~`bbflb` lfbbf wiq{olbo{go g{`don cil :d`hbfgf{$ S`{fd z` d`hbf k:bm`(

    b`{g` eojfj wiq{olbo{ fvf sp `cf{h`b`{f z` cokpl {sh{doboddgod gibovf omb{ $-wiq{olbo{god goeo pvmpdgp{$

    H{sf{ kfwlfsfdfd `bfsf{dfeojfj osfw z`vo diw{ ibod wiq( Hbsb{ kfwlfsfdfd m bftfhfeojfj{olbo{go goeo fvf ibholwo( osfw z`vo diw{ ibod wiq{olbo{goi{{$ Hfs{{ wp~bpbpo lo{sw goeo fvf ibholwogf{"cfhb`dh` g:d`hfdg` 1?(gplco govo{pleg{{" Odcol wp~bpbppd o{w{dosf cfhb`dh`vf m`cflwf{f{$ Kp(dpdbo k`{ok`{ {{ps{{ wp~o z` wp~bp spboho spvpdo eossoswf{$

    0$ HFSF[ @LfHf0$?$ @lfh ^ohod/K:?m`dfd flbf{d z` wiq{ol lispbboddo mi{` s`cf{df voq{ bhosw m`{`l`d

    51(?71 mpd o{oshgo ibpdbos{do sp{`sf ibod h`b`~ {{psf{ wiephbplbod`bwswf{ b b{dbswf{$ @lfhg` pvmpd ibod `d `{l`d wo{fk s`cfbh`bfgf{$

    @d pvmpd `lfh ~o{do{p{{psf{ `lfb`d kIbm`b`{` m:{`g`fsf{$ M`d`b `lfh ~ohod F?1 Dfsod(?0 Hov{s ibo{ol

    M`d`b `lfh ~ohoh ?1 Dfsod(?0HoVbs$ibo{ol sivb`v`kfbf{f~$s:vb`v`kfbf{f~$ Lo{og`df~ k:?m`sfdg` Hov{s ov{dh fbl vodshgo" Ho{ho({o k:?m`sfdg` ?0 Dfsod(?0 Hovfs" @m` z` Olg`df~ g` odo p{pd fcbd Dfsodov{{pd fbl vods{" FF$ P{pd fcfds` kpgov eosoghgod siho vodf" Eo~f{o{pd

    ?:

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    14/61

    H FS F[ V @WF'WF[ FC fB FM ft88t88888888((((((8888((((((tt ttt(flfd`f vodsf `d fvf `lfh ~o{dodbo{fg{{$

    @d fvf `lfh ~ohod F wiq{ol {s {sho mi{` k bf{b d`d ~o{dodg{{ $ Wiq{olFSFSF ?1G` obw{dgo fs` {{psf{ cf{db`d`{d`~$ H{s{ {go `lfh g`{fdbfmf" `lfh ~o({do{p z` wiq{o{d d`hf fb` fbmfbfgf{$ H{s { { fcfd pvmpd`lfh g`{fdbfmf 0(5 `hgf{$ Eojfj wiq{olbo{go : `h" goeo omb{ wiq{olbo{go 7 `h bfl `lfh g`{fdbffpvmpdgp{$ Cil `{l`d `lfhb`{g` `lfh g`{fdbfmf ?(; `h goeo vp~b`l voqfb(hob{g{{$

    0$; @lfh G`{fdbfmfHfshd `lfh g`{fdbff ibgplco eossos kf{ lidpgp{$ Di{hob {{psf{ p{`(

    wfhf voq{bod kib`b`{g` v`w`{f logo{ {pwpk`wf z` s{colew ibod wiq{olwo z`pvmpd `lfh ~o{do{pdgo 0 `h `lfh g`{fdbff fg`obgf{$ Q`l cil mfjwvf v`w`{flogo{ {pwpk`w ibso kfb` di{hobg`d `d o~ ;$0 `h goeo g`{fd` vodf =$0 `hg`{fd` `lfh voqo{bo{$ Kivb` gp{phbo{go `lfhg`d e`h`d sid{o h`vgodom`b`d kf{ vombth ibpswp{gpp lovholwokolosfh lf{hol z`vo wieph vowo{d(golf {pwpk`wfd {dpeowo~osho vo{g{h `w(h`l fcfd `lfhg`d kf{ lov mpd sid{owiq{ol vp~`vf ; `h g`{fdbffdg`lf wf{({hlbo w{{{{plbodhoegw{$ Ww{h{lbo fsb`{dfwiq{ol vp~`vfdg` {pwpk`wfd o~ ibgppmpdpd m`m soowb`{fdg` vodf olso{dogi{p voq{b{dob{g{{$ Kivb``` wiq{ohl`s`lb`dh`sf z` {pwpk`w lovk> id b`d({dfs ibp{$Wf{{{plbo{do ~ohod F cil l{fwfl(wf{$V`df cfhb`d`d wiq{olobww jfg`b`{fd`~o{o{ z`{h`v```l gid`{dg` wf{{{plbo{dovoq{ bhoeg{{ $

    Cil `{l`d `lfhb`{g`"`lfh g`{fdbff?(; `h goeo vp~b`l voqfb{doeg{{$Cpdlp

    ?=

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    15/61

    C FJWC F @MFWFH S@[ bsb (6 (

    kivb` gp{phbo{go wiq {om Fd ;"0 fb` 0 `h Hbsb{ m`d`bbflb` ; fb` ="0g`{fdbffdg`lf s{colb{l" ="0 z`vo goeo `h g`{fdbfm` `lfbf{$g`{fdg`lf sfcolelwod goeo vIls`lwf{$@lfb`d wiephpd `w{ojhgolf wiq{ol spvpdpd gp{php {{psf{ I{`wf`fsfdf"

    wiq{ol sfcole> logo{ z`vo goeo jo~bo fbmfb`dgf{f{$ Kpdo mi{` I{`wf`f `lfhg`{fdbbfd` z` wiq{ol lispbpdo wiephpd sp obhp{p o{whcw z` wiq{ol vI(~Idg`d sp lovkh F o~obw{cf vidg` g`mf6wf{`kfbf{$ H{s{{ m`d`bbflb` ; fb` ="0`h g`{fdbf` `lfbf{$ Wiq{ol vI~`vf lp{p z` sfcolbbmf vIls`ls` goeo g`{f(d` g` `lfb`kfbf{$ I{d`fd< lp{p wiq{olbo{go wiephpd {pwpk`wbf kf{ i{wohok{{ol{dol fCfd lfbbf wiq{olbo{go ="0(5"0 `h" lphbp wiq{olbo{go 5(?1 `h g`({fdbfm` logo{ `lfh voq{bokfbf{"

    0$3$ @lfh SblembH{s{{go z`{fh qiwodsfv`bf kf{fh obodgolf kfwlf sov{sf fb` volhgod fbmf(

    bfgf{$ Kp d`g`db` s{{o o{os> z` sf{o p~`{b h`soj` I~`{fdg` gp{pbhosw m`({`l`d id`hbb kf{ lidpgp{$ M`d`b kf{ kol{s fb` {{psf{ `lfhfdg` sf{o o{osf 01(?11 `h o{osfdgo ibokfbf{$ Kpdpdbo k`{ok`{ {{ps{{go `d pvmpd kfwlf sblbbmbibo{ol w`l kf{ id`{fg` kpbpdpboho~$ Lpbbo{pbocol wieph hflwoddgo `soseosow ~o{do{pdgo volbosfl :111 ( =111 kfwlf ibhoeg{{$

    Hfshd hfk~`{ fb` `lfhfdg` m`d`b ibo{ol ?"0 ( 3 lm wieph lpbbo({pbholwog{{$

    :$ MPK[@B@H@Hbsb{o o~iwbp mpk{`dfd vodsb fb` jisji{bp mpk{`dfd wo{do{h `lfh(

    g`d idc` z`vo `lfh fb` kf{bflw` z`{bb{d`bbgb{" O~iwpd vodsw jisji{bp mIk({` fb` kf{bflw` `lfhg`" gfm`{ vodsf go kfwlf 01(:1 `h ibgpmpdgo flf qo{coeobfdg` z`{fbh`bfgf{$ O~iwpd flfd`f vodsf flfd`f coqo fsb`{df fb` kf{bflw` pvmp(bod{doeg{{$ Spbp so{wbo{go v`wbswf{fb`d {{ps{{go fs` ;$ MIk{`b`h`g`dsid{ospboho voqhol `d fg`ob pvpbo{dog{{$ Jisji{bp z` qiwosvphbp mIk{`b`{`lfhb` kf{bflw` kf{ g`jogo pvpbo{p{$ R

    ?5

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    16/61

    H F S F [ V @ W F ' W F [ f C F B F M F

    Wod{dsob O{osw{{{do @dswfwPb`{f wo{ojhgod vp{pwpb`d o{oswf{ho(bo{go {hsf{go ?5(;7 lm)go D" =(6 lm)go Q;10 lpbbodhodh `lidihfliqwfhph z`{fh sombogbmb mi{pbhpbbwp{$

    Ovdco eosow sid{osf hfs{{ kfwlfsf o{w{lbod{pd qo{cobodo{ol wiq{oolodswhb{dosf E`gidph` ="0 lm o~iw" 3 lm wiswi{" ?: lm qiwosvph" :"0 lmlobsfvph" 3"0 lm {domd`~vph lo~odgw{g{ f k`bf{b`d{dfswf{$

    =$ S@V[@B WH@ Z@ COQOBOHO$ S`v{`bwh`< {{ps{{ ?1(?0 `h logo{ ibgpp ~ohod g`lo{go fsw`d`d kfw(

    ( lf sov{sf{p kf{ol{dol fvfd voq{bod fsb`{dgf{$ M`d`b ibo{ol s`v{`bwh`g`dsid{o fbl coqo fsb`hf voq{b{dolwog{{$

    Fbl coqo m`d`bbflb` `b E`voqfe{$ Iw gp{phpdo kombb ibholbo k`{ok`{wo~` kfwlfv` ~o{o{ z`{h`g`d vp~`vs`b voq{b{doeg{{$ blfdcf voqo `b z`voholfd` fb` kfwlfb`{ gf~ kivp ibgplbod gkd`hg` 71(01 `h& flfd`f pk{`b`(h` fsb`{df fb` kf{bflw` voq{b f { $ O~iwbp pk{`dfd flfd`f vod pvpbo{dos{&$ M`({`l`d kkbm`b`{g` fs` kio~ gibgp{pbp{ z` o{ghgod spboho voq{e{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    17/61

    5$ SPBOHOHbsb{ `d sw`ol h`zsfhg` v`wftwfmf fcfd jo~bo {dflwo{go spvo m`{`lsfdfh

    gpvo{Spboho ^ohodbodt Kf{fdcf o{o coqos w z` s`v{`bwh`g`d sid{o kfwlf kivp ?1(?0 ch 1 ? (

    gpmpdgot Isw mIk{`b`h`g`d sid{o 71(01 ch fl`d& t W`q` qIslIFIc{lo{{dogod idc` ? eojwo" ?1m1d&t SIw ibph gid`{dfdg` ibhol p~`{` go{w og`w z`{f{df `wlfb`v`d spbo(

    ho q`{vigp zo{g{{$6$ VOKODCF IW HICOG@B@SFVokodcf iwbodd {{psf{ fb` {`lok`wf sp" ?tblz` k`sfd hogg`b`{f vidpd(

    g` ib{dolwog{{$ H{s w { `bfsh`sfdfd fbl ?1 mIdIdg` vokodcf iwbo{bo {`lok`(w` kosbo{$ 31(30 mId sid{o fs` vokodcf iwbo{god goeo o~ `wlfb`df{$Vokod(Cbiw lidw{ib {d`wiwbo{hh koshgo lpbwp{`X hIcog`b` z` lfhvosob hIcog`(F` m`bf{$ Kpdpdbo kf{bflw` vokodcf iw lidw{ibIdg` lpbbo{pbod gfm`{ ko~> h`(wiwbo{ h`zcpwwp{$ Vokodcw iwfo{bo lpbwp{`b hIcog`b` g`dfbfdc` `d id`{dbflidpbo{ `lfh dik`wf" wiq{o> fsb`{d`g` lpbbo{pbod ob`w(`lfq{dod z` kpdbo(dd lpbbo{p{d sovwsf" `lfh h`wigp" `lfh s`lbf z` sid ibo{ol go kp lpbwp{`bftb`hb`{b` vokodcf iw bbocw lpbbo{p{{pg{{$

    :$?$ @lfh dik`wbdbd vokodcf iw lidw{ibPd` `wlfsf>Pvmpd kf{ `lfh dik`wf sfsw`hfvb` vokodcf iw lidw{ibplibovbos{{ z`pcp~o hob ibp{$ I~`bbflb` ov{p wo{bovo ovd{ kfwlfvf z`vo ov{p kfwlf m{pkp `lf(b`c`l ibp{so" kpdbo{ k`bbf vokodcw `wbod lidw{ib `g`{ oho gfm`{b`{fdfd g`o{w{dosho f~fd z`{f{$

    :$;$ Sp{phpd vokodc{ iw lidw{iwpd` `wlfsf>

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    18/61

    tFSF[ V@WFtWF[FCFBFMF

    Vokodcf iw hpcog`b`sbdg` sp{p{d bsb`{df i~`bbflb` lidw{ibp ~i{ ibodvokodcf iwbo{ fcfd cd`{dbbgf{$ _IdlIvobd{~ kosfdo vokodcf iw fbocf lpbbo{pb($ gbmbdgo kp wfq vokodcf iwpd woho{{pd{d vil ib{dosfdo v`w`{bf g`mfbgf{$ Fvfkf{ sp{ph z` vokodcf iw f bocw lihkfdosvidp" vokodcf iw hIcog`b`sfdg`gteo `wlfbf ibp{$ SI{Ih ov{p ~ohodgo {hs f { mfkf s{{ovo `lfb`d kfwlfb`{g`lf$ cil v{bb{l vokodcw iwbodd lidw{ibIt` g` vo{gfh `g`{$

    :$3$ O~obdb{h` wiq{ol fb`h`vb` `lfb`d h{sf{ kfwlf(sfdg` vokodcf iw lidw{ibP>

    Kf{ VFF bc`{bsfdg` wiq{ow kf{loc g`jo qpbbplbo sp{p{d bsb`{df" vokodcw iwlidw{ibIdg` cil `wlfbf ibp{$ Odcol qpbbplbo sp{p{d jo~bo hflwo{go vol{w wi(l`wfhfdf m`{`lwf{f{$ O~obw{b{{ps sp{p{d sfsw`hf fb` `lfb`d {{ps{{ wo{bobo{{dgoi~`bbflb` w`l v{bel vokodcf iwbodd libovelbo lidw{ib `gbb`kfb`c`fi{wovolid{dpswp{"

    :$7$ Lb{dvosob hIcog`b`>Vokodcf iw hIcog`b`sfdg`" vokodcf iwpd c`sfgfdbd$ gim{p ibo{ol k`(

    bf{b`dh`sf cil id`{dbfgf{$ Pvmpboho ~o{do{p ocfshgod go vokodcw iw fboc(Fod mblbt idc`sf z` mblbt sid{osf ibhol p~`{` g` wo{leelbo{ wos{{dolwog{{$_blb idc`sf H`wibicebo{" Ow{o~fd`" mblbt sid{osf fs` Oc`wicebo{" DfcisIF(jp{id mfkf w`{lfqbf bbocbo{ {hsf{ I{`wfh obodboddgo vovm{d ibo{ol lpbbo{pb({dolwog{{$

    Eosow licod lozp~bo{{dh lp{p(vpq wod` {pwpk`wfdfd %31 -pd obw{dogpswplw`d sid{o voq{bokfbf{$ -Eozo li(spbwod pvmpd fs` eosogw m`cflwf{h`lwod`g`lf {pwpk`wfd gII{Ibh`sf kolf({dhgod fsw`df{$ Eosow kfc`{ giz`{b`

    ?1$ EOSOW Z@ EO[HOD

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    19/61

    C < > fJ W C < >? @ M FW FH S @ [ FS F ( 6 (

    voqfbocolso {pwpk`wfd %;0 gibovboddgo ib{dosf `d fg`ob ~ohod ibo{ol lo(kpb `gfb`kfbf{$ Eosow `bb` z`vo holfd` fb` voqbbokfbh`lw`gf{$ Hbsb{ wod` ibo({ol g`qibodg{{dgo wod` {pwpk`wfdfd% ?7- pd obw{dgo ib{dosw m`{`lf{$

    Eosog{d m`cflwf{fbh`sf l`sfdbflb`id`{fbh`h`lw`gf{$ H{sf{ eosogf vp{gp(hp~go kbc`{ giz`{b` voq{bokfb{d`lw`(gf{$

    M`d`bfflb` w{olwi{pd vod z`vo o{(losho kobodod licod wiqbov{cw {{ps{{eosow {dolfdobod{pd vo{d sf{o m`+bf6hf6lico{p wiqbov{q lozp~bo{f{p i~`b sivp(cp vkdw`hb`{b` sivgplwod sid{o l`dgfp~`{fdg` kpbpdod iwihowfl kisobw{dog`qiboddo licodbod kisobwokfb`d {do(lfdobo{ pdp{dp~g` {d`zcpwwp{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    20/61

    H FS F[ V @W F'W F[ FC FB FM F

    ?? HFSF[-GO ^O[O[BF KIC@LB@[ ( $

    '`lfb ?$ Ki~lp{w vphp{wosb" bo{zos{" qpqosf z` `{mfdf %l`b`k`mf&

    " R H{sf{go id`hbf ~o{o{e kic`lb`{ osofgolf mfkf sf{obodokfbb{ $$R ??(? KI^LP[WBO[F Wo{p{{p

    n-F N n- & Ki~lp{wbo{" Wf{qod Lp{gp" Lo{olp{w" L`s`m`d z`vo L`sfcf Lp{wbo{ ibo(t {olgo kfbfdh`lw`gf{$ @{mfdb`{f m{f z` sfvoe {`dlw` kf{ l`b`k`lwf{ '`lfb ?&$Ibmpd bo{zobod 7(0 `h kivpdgo `sh`{ m{f {`dlw` z` l{beg{{$ Bo{zobo{o gi(lpdpdco l{zdb{q eoblo kbcfhfdw oe{bo{$ Vphp{wobod qo{bol" lf{bf k`vo~{`dlw` z` psww`d kos{l lp{` s`lbfdg`gf{$

    Eovow C`hk`{fKi~lp{w l`b`k`lb`{f m`d`bbflb` `{l`d Fblkoeo{go" vp{dp{wobod{p w`l w`l

    z`vo lpcpl m{pqbo{ eobfdg` {{psf{ `lfhfdg`d idc` wo{bogolf go{ z` `dfs;3

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    21/61

    `bJW`b @M FWFH S@[ FS F (6 (

    voq{ole vokodcf iwbo{o" kfwlf o{w{lbo{fdo z`vo {{psf{ kfwlfsfdfd mkzg` z`voq{olbod{pd obw vp~`vfd` z`vo wiq{ol vp~pd` k{{ol{{bo{$ Vp{dp{wogod `b(lod bo{zobo{" eozo{pd s{colbfl z` {pwpk`wfd` kombb ibo{ol vo~ ovboddgo ;1(;0 mpdg` `bfs{d`sfdf wohohbo{$ bo{zobo{" m`c`b`{ k`sb`df{" pdgp~ fs`l`swflb`{f kfwlfdfd lil kkbm-`sfdg`" wiq{ol fcfdg` mf~b`df{b`{$ Ibmpd bo{zobo{"wiq{ol fcfdg` qpqo ibpq" sid{o l`b`k`l ibp{bo{$ S`d`g` 7(0 d`sfb z`{f{b`{$

    ^o{o{ '`lbffI~`bbflb` kf{fdcf p{pd h{sf{go ~o{o{e ibod Ki~lp{wbo{" jfg` gkd`hfdg`

    ~o{o{ voqo{$M`d` bo{zobo{ @{l`d gkd`h bo{zobo{&" jfg` gkd`hfdg`lf ;t: Voq{ol(

    FF& {{p s{{ kfwlfb`{fdfd voq{olbod fb` k`sb`df{" mkzg`g` lp`pl ivpl oco{ z`vokfwlfdfd lkl kio~{{d" wiq{ol vp~`vfd` volh v`{g`d l`s`{`l" lp{p{doshoz` kbh`sfd` s`k`q ibp{bo{'`lfb ;&$ Ibmpd bo{zobo{ bb`{f gkd`h bo{zobo{&"ko~`d wiq{ol pswp l{s{hbod{p go l`sh`l sp{`wfvb` ~o{o{ z`{f{b`{ S`lfb ;&$Bo{zobo{ goeo ~fvog` m`c` k`sb`dh` joobfv`wf mksw`{f{b`{$ ^o{o{ mk{hp'wo{bobo{go kpvpl kisbplbo{ h`vgodo m`bf{'`lfb 3&$ Ko~`d wo{bo{pd v`df(

    b9`lfb ;$ Ki~lp{w bo{zos{" wiq{ol vp~`vfd` volh ocwbh{s ivpl" v`dflvoq{ol z`$psw l{s{h l`sfl kfwlf $ $;7

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    22/61

    HFSFJf V @ W F t W f [ f C F B F M f

    Fg`d `lfbh`sfd` s`k`q ibp{bo{$Wiq{ol d`hf z` wo{bo{pd iwbp ibhos> ~o{o{ g`{```sfdf `wlfb`{$ bblkoeo(jfd s`{fd z` vomb?F m`mh`sf eobfdg` vipdbpl z` ~o{o{ g`{```sf o{wo{$ Kp(wpd kib`b {f{df~g` vov{dg{{ $

    t`lfb 3$ Ki~lp{w ~o{od mi{hp b< b wo {boHpcog`b`sfSi~lp{w hpcog`b`sfdg`" wiq{ol fsb`{d` z` coqobo{do mfkf lpbwp{`b w`g(

    kf{b`{ vo{pdgo lfhvosob hpcog`b` g` voq{bholwog{{$ Lfhvosob hpcog`b`"`lfh o{pdgo +Wieph bbocbo{dos{+ z`vo +Vp~`v bbocbohos{+ s`lbfdg` voqf(FF{$

    @{mfdb`{f ibgplco f{f z` p~pd voq{e" 7(0 `h logo{ kivgo" `s{d`{ z`vo

    ??(; GODOKP[DPWoh{h

    ;0

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    23/61

    C FJ W C F @ M FW FH S @ [ bs b (6(

    livp loez`{`dmf i{pdpsw`gf{$ Id kocolbod loed" lpzz`wbf z` lo~{cw wfq(w`gf{ Isw lodowbod l{so vpzo{bolco" sovgoh z` `sh`{ {`dlw`gf{$ Obw lodow(Fod sovgoh" p~pd z` v`bqo~` mfkf l`dgf p~`{b`{fd` lowbod{{ps ibpq zpcpwkivpdco p~o{p{ z` pcbod o{logod flf lpv{pl mfkf so{lo{$ S`lfb 7 &$

    Eovow C`hk`{fbblkoeo{go wiq{ol s {c olb{ {dh o {w{d os {v bo kf{bflw` Godokp{dp `{mfd z`

    dfhjb`{f olwfj gp{pho `c`{b`{$ C`sfwbf kkc`lb`{b` z` kfwlfb`{fd wiq{ol obwfkibp{db`{f fb` k`sb`dh`v` kosbo{bo{$ Hov {s z`vo eo~f{od ovhgo gfsfb`{ wiq({ol fcfdg` ibpswp{gplbod kf{loc vpzovo vp{dp{wobod{p k{{ol{{bo{$ Vphp{wo(bo{ ;(3 eojwogo ocfb{{ z` dfhjb`{ cflo{" Sidkoeo{-go wiq{o{d g`{fdbflb`{fd`fd`{`l lfsbohovo c`lfbf{b`{" Flf s`d`g` kf{ gib z`{f{b`{$

    ^o{o{ t`lbfGodokp{dp" {{ps{dd kf{ wiq{ol obd ~o{o{w{s{g{{$ Jfg` gkd`hfdg` ~o{o{

    voqo{$ Wiq{ol fc`{bsfdg` mob`{f oco{l`d {oswbogflbod kfwlfb`{fd wiq{ol obdkibp{db`{fdf woe{fq `g`{ z` `dc kfwlfb`{f l`s`{$ Vipd ibgplbod v`{b`{g`"{{psf{ wo{boboddgo v`{ v`{ kisbplbo{ h`vgodo m`bf{$ Ki~lp{w ~o{oddgod jo{(

    ' `lfb 7$ H bs b{ k fwlfs fd g` g od okp{d p `{m fd f z` {hsf{ j fg`sfdg` lilb {g`lb ~o{od"

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    24/61

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    25/61

    6 ? J W 6 ? @ M FW FH S @ [ FS F (6 (

    Eovow t`lbfW`blp{wbod{pd `{mfdb`{f" vp{dp{wobod{p fblkoeo{god kosbovo{ol w`h(

    hp~ ov{do logo{ iwbp obod bo{o" wiq{ofd ?1(?0 ch g`{fdbfbd` w`l w`l z`(vo 31(71-bbl lph`b`{ eobfdg` k{{olf{$ Vphp{wogod volbosfl flf eojwogo 6 ? (lod bo{zobo{" kpbpdgplbod v`{g`lf kfwlfb`{fd fdc` lilb`{f fb` e`h`d k`sb`d(h`v` kosbo{ z` `bfs{d`b`{wdf wp{b`{` kombf ibo{ol 7(: v{bgo wohohbo{ z``{mfd ibp{bo{$

    ^o{o{ t`lbfW`b lp{wboddgo `sos ~o{od" wiq{ol obwhgo vosovod bo{zob od voqo{$Bo{zobo{" `lfbhfs {{psf{ wiep{dbod{p woe{fq `g`{" v`df cflod kfwlfdfd wiq{ol

    obd i{modboddo sobgh{" fdc` ibod {hsf{ lilb`{fdf liqod{" loed lilb`{g`fs` wiq {omo volh odo m:zg` fcfdg` ivplbo{ oco{ol k`sb`df{$ ^o{o{ mi{`dkfwlfb`{ lp{p{$ Simpl z` vombt?f fblkoeo{go ~o{o{ o{wo{$ W`blp{wbod{pd cilkpbos{l ibgpp wo{bobo{go %51 -fd p~`{fdg` kf{ ~o{o{ h`vgodo m`bf{ z` wo{(bogo kpvpl kisbplbo{ ibpsp{"

    ' lfb :$ W blp{gp bo{zos{" {{psf{ jfg sfdg lf z` wo{bogolf ~o{odHpcog`b`sfW`blp{wbod fb` hpcog`b`g`" vfd` lpbwp{`b w`gkf{b`{ koswo m`bh`lw`gf{$

    Vo~ z`vo lbt wiq{ol fsb`{d`sf" soq o{w{lbod{pd i{wogod lobghb{dosw z` wiq({omb woh givp{od kf{ spbohogo w`blp{wwod{p ibgp{h` kolw{{pdgod `wlfbfgf{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    26/61

    @lfhg`d idc`" voqfbod sov{{d sidpcpdgo lfhvosob {dpcog`b`v` lo{o{z`{fbf{" wiephbo{ `lfh o{pdgo fbocbodo{ol `lfbf{$

    ??(7 HFSF[ HOVHPDCPMPWo{p{{p@{mfdb`{f lhlodowe" ei{wphbp kf{ kic`l ibod {{psf{ {dov{dpdcpp" qo{(

    bol sfvoe {`dlw`gf{$ Ko~`d m{f z`vo wiq{ol {`dmfdg` mi{pdI{b`{'`lfb =&$Bo{zobod" sodhsf k`vo~ {`dlw` z` lfzdl kfcf{dg`gf{$ Vp{dp{wobod izobgf{$

    Eovow C`hk`{fHo{w ovw kosbo{hgo mi{pbh`v` kosbovod `{mfdb`{" vp{dp{wobod{p df(so{f-god w`hhp~-o logo{ wiq{oh fcbd` w`l w`l z`vo m{pqbo{ eobfdg` k{{o(

    lf{bo{$ Vphp{wogod c{lod bo{zobo{ lilb`{b` k`sb`df{b`{$ Ibmpd bo{zobo{ wiq({olwo qpqo ibp{bo{ $$@vbIF ovhgo `{mfdb`{ mi{IFI{z` lbt?wiq{olwo m`mf{f{b`{$

    ^o{o{ t`lbf@{mfdb`{" wiq{ol vp~pd` v`df cflod {{ps{{bodd ;(3 voq{ole gid`{dfd(

    g`" voq{olbod wfqfl ibo{ol vod{d ov s`lbfdg` liqo{o{ol v`h`l S`lfb9 & z`kpvp{d` lidfb`{fdf l`sh`l sp{`wfvb` id`{dbf ~o{o{bo{o d`g`d ibp{bo{$ Hfs{ {

    /9`lfb=$ Hbsb{ hovhpdcpp `{mfdf z` voq{olwolf ~o{od

    ;6

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    27/61

    C FJWC F @MFWFH S@[ bsb 6

    jfg`b`{fdg` `bfs{d` fb`{b`gflm` ~o{o{ o~obf{$ ^o{o{b{{pd jo~bo ibgpp wo{bo(bo{go ~o{do{pdgo m`{`lbf idb`{db`{ oed{do~so" wo{bo{pd v`dfg`d `lfbh`sfz`vo kis lobhosf si~ lidpspgp{$ H{sf{ {dov{dpdcpp Bo{zobod kfwlf lil(b`{fvb` g` k`sb`df{b`{$ Jolow kp ~o{o{ id`{dbf g`mfbgf{$ @m`" Ho{ho{o z`Lo{og`df~ Kib`sf-dfd kpwpd fbb`{fdg` vovmh ibod kp ~o{o{e i~`bbflb` Soh(spd fbfdg` goeo vipdgp{$

    Hpcog`b`sfH{s { { {dovhpdcpp fb` hpcog`b`" vp~`v z` wieph f bocbo{dosw s`lbfd(

    g` voqfbod lfhvosob {dpcog`b`gf{$ Kfwlf" wiq{ol vp~pd` 6?l?q"~o{o{ idbb(h`v` kosbog{hgo" voqfbod sov{h sidpcpdgo "vp~`v fbocbo{dosf voq{e{"Wieph fbocbohos{" ~o{o{bfdh e`{ VFF vipd ibgpmp obodbo{go pvpbo{p{$

    ??(0 Cf^MFBf VOQ[OLLP[GPWo{p{hL`b`k`lb`{f m`d`b ibo{ol m{f(loez` z` lp{spdf(loez` {`dfdg`gf{$ Id

    F31 /9`lfb 5$ Cf~mfbf Voq{ollp{gp `{mfdb`{f $

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    28/61

    H FS F[ V @WF'W F[ FC fB FM F

    lodowbo{go kf{f k:k{`l gfm`{f gof{` s`lbbdg` ibod" m:~b` i{pb`kfb`d flf loe(z`{`dmf b`l` fb` libovco wod{{p{$ Lodowbodd `w{oj livp loez`{`dmf socol(b{g{{$ Gftf l`b`k`lb`{" `{l`lb`{` do~o{od goeo f{f voqfe z` goeo livp {`dl(bfgf{'`lfb 5&$ Bo{zo {`dlb`{f k`sb`dgflb`{f kfwlfv` mi{` g`mftflbfl m:sw`{f{ z`v`sfb" v`sfbfhsb sod z` loez`{`dmfhsf ibokfff{b`{ws`lfb 5&$ Qpqobod l{~{e{d(Sb loez`{`dmf z` vphp{wobod fdcf wod`sf i{pdp{dpdg` z` p~`{f lf{bf k`vo~{`dlw` wPvb`{b` i{wpbp" lp{d`b`{ eobfdg`" {hsf{ voq{of{pd obw z` psw vp~`(vfdg` kpbpdp{'`lfb 5&$_f~mfbf voq{ol lp{gp" vp{gphp~pd kf{ cil v:{`sfd(g` kpbpdp{$

    Eovow C`hk`{f_f~mfbf Voq{ollp{gp lbt? qpqo eobfdg` m`vf{f{$ Dfsod sidboddo gi{p

    l`b`k`lb`{f mi{pbp{$ L`b`k`lb`{ m`c`b`vfd pcpsp{bo{" Vphp{wobod{d {{ps{{kfwlfdsfd voq{olbod{pd obw z`vo psw vp~pd` lp{d`b`{ eobfdg` k{{ol{{bo{$ Vp(hp{wobo{god 3(: mpdg`vblod bo{zobo{ kpbpdgplbod kfwlfg` k`sb`d`{`l" ?1(30 pdg` m`bf

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    29/61

    C FJWC F @M FWFH s s o w s > 6

    3;

    go{do{bod{p k{{ol{{bo{$ Voq{olwolf ~o{od hpdwo~oh l`do{e kpvpl g`bflb`{t`lbfdg`gf{'`lfb 6&$ Goeo fb`{flf gid`{db`{g` fs` voq{oh wo{do{h{p vfvfqkfwf{f{b`{$ ^o{o{" goeo 61l {{pshd ;(: voq{ole jfg` gid`hfdg` h`vgodom`bf{$

    Hpcog`b`sfKp ~o{o{e{pd giogo q`l 61l giob gpsho{d h`zcpwwp{$ ^o{o{e{pd

    vip{{ ibgpp wo{bobo{go lfhvosob {dpcog`b` voq{e{ $ Lfhvosob {dpcog`b (v` m`d6 bo{zobo{ mi{pbgpmpdg` voq{fod sov{{d sidp`pdgo fbocbo{dovo m`(cfbf{$ bbocbo{do vp~`v fbocbohosf s`lbbdg` voq{e{$

    ??(: HFSF[ VOQ[OL LP[WBO[FWo{d{hL`b`k`lb`{f qo{bol sod {`dlw`" id lodowbo{" sod{dsw loez`" h`wobfl

    kol{{ {`dmfdg`" o{lo lodowbo{ lf{bf m{f {`dlw`gf{$ Ibmpd bo{zobo{" 3 (3$0 `h

    b9`lfF?1$ {hsf{ voq{ollpfgp {mfdf" vphp{wo lph`sb" bo{zos> z` qpq`sf

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    30/61

    H F S F[ V @W FJ F[ bc bB FM F

    kivpdgo" m`d`bg` wiq{ol {`dmfdg`" sod{ds f q`hk`" v`sfbfhsf" l{{{d{~{hs>loez`{`dmf" Zpcpw p~`{fdg` fdc`" m{f(q`hk` vf~mfb`{ p~o{p{$Vp{dp{wobo{voq{olbodd obw vp~pdgs odo goho{ p~`{fdg` wiqbp eobg` sodhw{ol k`vo~{`dlw`gf{'`lfb ?1&$ $

    Eovow C`hk`{fM`bfsh`sfdf wohohbovod bo{zobo{ qpqo ibp{$ LFtF" sid gid`{d bo{zo

    z`vo qpqo eobfdg` m`6f{f{$ L`b`k`lb`{" flbfh` mi{`" dfsod({dov{s ovboddgoi{pdp{b`{$ L`b`k`lb`{" oboco lo{odbblwo z` m`c`b`{f pcpsp{bo{$ L`b`k`lb`{cflw{lwod kf{loc mpd sid{o cbjwb`sf{ z` vphp{wobod{p voq{ol pc lfs{{pdo"lp{d`b`{ eobfdg`" kf{loc gp~fd` ibo{ol kf{ol{{ z` ]vb`{f fb` mf~b`{b`{$ Vp(hp{wobo{ 5(?1 mpdg` oc{e{ z` bo{zobo{ cflo{$ Bo{zobo{ 31 pdg` m`bfth`sf(df wohohbovo{ol qpqo ibp{bo{$ Qpqogod ;(3 eojwo sid{o l`b`k`lb`{ cflo{$V{bgo 3 gib z`{f{b`{$

    ^o{o{ t`lbfBo{zobo{" m`d`bbflb` hfshd e`b`~id gid`{db`{fdg`" h`{l`~f voq{ol(

    bo{go z` fb`{f gid`{db`{g` gfm`{ wo~` voq{olbo{bo k`sb`d`{`l" ~o{o{ voqo{(bo{$ Kfwlfdfd fb`{f `bfs{d` gid`{dw`{fdg`" w`q` qpslpbp" licod qpslpbp z`spw ibph gid`{db`{fdg` g` licodgo ~o{o{ voqokfbf{b`{$ Voq{olbo{golf ~o({o{ s`lbf" voq{olbodd l`do{bo{god fc` gi{p v`dh`sf fb` lo{olw`{fswflwf{$Bo{zobodd jo~bo ibgpp wo{bobo{go {hs{{ voq{olbod sog`c` goho{bo{godfko{`w lobb{'`lfb ??&$

    b9 lfb ??$Hbsb{ Voq{ol lp{gp bo{zos{" kfwlf z` wo{bogolf ~o{od33

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    31/61

    /< FJW /

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    32/61

    HFSF[ V @ W f t W f [ f C f B f M f

    Eovow C`hk`{fLFF ibmpd bo{zo eobfdg` wo{bogolf o{w{lbo{ z` eosow `gfb`d kfwlf soqbo(

    d fcfdg` `cf{`d H{s{{ Licodlp{gp" fblkoeo{o gi{p qpqo ibp{$ Qpqogodm`d`b ibo{ol kkbm`b`{` mk{` Folb> ibhol p~`{` ho{w sidp z` dfsod koswo(ddgo l b`k`lb { c{lo{$ Cfjwb`s`d gfsfb`{ vp{dp{wobod{p voq{ol l{{p{pd fm vI(~pd` lIh`b`{ eobfdg` livo{bo{$ Vphp{wogod cflod bo{zobo{ e`b`~id gk(d`hb`{fdg` h`{l`~f voq{olbo{ fcfd` z` fb`{flf `bfs{d` gkd`hb`{fdg` soqz` licod fc`{fsfd` mf{`{`l k`sb`df{$ M`bfs{d`sfdf wohohbovod bo{zobo{" m`(d`bg` kpbpdgplbod v`{g` ko~`d g` g{sodgo odo mkzg` I~`{fdg` i{gplb`({f om fcfdg` qpqo ibp{bo{$ Qpqogod kf{ sp{` sid{o l`b`k`lb`{ c{lo{$ S`d`(g` 3(7 d`sfb z`{f{b`{$

    ^o{o{ t`lbfH{s{ { Licodlp{gp" {{pshd odo ~o{o{es{g{{$ b$o{zobod" h{sf{ kfwlfsfdfd

    `dc jfg` gkd`hfdg`d kosbovo{ol voq{ol" mkzg` z` licodgo ~o{o{ vo(qo{bo{$ Voq{olwolf ~o{od goeo cil h`{l`~f voq{olbo{go ibp{ z` v`dflw`dg bov> voq{olbo{go lo{s{b{le g`bflb`{ ibpsp{$ Kp" H{s w { Licodlp{gp-dpd wf(qfl kf{ ~o{o{ s`lbfgf{$ Mkzg` z` lccodgo fs`" mob`{f wpd`b& oc{dol z` mf{(gfmf g`bflb`{g`d g{slfbod{p cflo{hol" licodgolf wod`b`{f vfv`{`l woe{fq `w(

    t`lfb?3$ Hbsb{ Licodlp{gp-dpd licod z` mizg`g`lf ~o{od

    30

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    33/61

    tFJWtF @M b{bH S @[ FS F (6 (

    h`l" izg`vf o_wbmb mob`{fb`{b` ivhol z` f_fdf kisobwhol sp{`wfvb`$ ~o{o{z`{f{ S`lfb ?3& " Ovdco" licodgo oc{bod g`bflb`{g`d mf{`d hodwo{ z` kol(w`{fb`{" wod`b`{g` flfdcf g`{`c`g` ~o{o{o s`k`q ibp{bo{$ Jolow kp ~o{o{ go"fdsod sombbmb kolfhhgod cil id`{dbfgf{$ Hpcog`b` voq{b{do~so z`{fh z`lobfw` gps`{" H{s{{ Licodlp{gp" @m`" Ho{ho{o" Mpd`vgip z` Olg`df~Kcb`b {f-dg` vovhgf{$

    Hpcog`b`sfWokfowwo {{psf{ licodlp{gp vphp{wobod{p z` bo{zobod{d vfv`d z` ibgp(

    {`d kf{cil gimob gpsho{p zo{g{{" L`dgfbfmfdg`d ibod kp hpcog`b`v` 11(mob Kfvibinfl Hpcog`b` g`dfbh`lw`gf{$ Ovdco" H{sf{ Licodlp{gp hpcog`(b`sfdg` idc`bflb` lpbwp{`b w`gkf{b`{` kos zp{pbhoeg{{$ Lfhvosob {dpcog`b`"kf{fdcf p{pd {{psf{go fbl kpbos{dobodd % 0 ibgpp wo{bofo{go kosboh{ z`flfdcf p{pd {{ps{{gofs` voqfbod lidw{ibb`{g` kf{ vphp{wo qol`wf mi{pbgpmppdb`{g` kosbo{p{ z` `{`lwff wolwf{g` lpbbo{pbod fbocbo{h `wlf sp{`b`{fd`mi{` ?1(?0 pdg` kf{ ibhol p~`{` kf{ s`~idgo gp{pho mi{`" `{`lwffd(g` ;(3 l`{` li{pvpcp fbocbo{do voq{b{{"

    S`l`{ {{psh" qowbol hfs{{" fdsodbo{ fcfd wo~` wpl`wf{d o{docf fb` `lfb`d{{psf{bo{go kfwlfdfd i~spvpdo lodsod fbocbo{ lpbbo{pb{do{doe" eovzod v`hfibo{ol `lfb`d sfbonbbl h{s{{bo{go fs` lfhvosob {dpcog`b` voq{bho{doeg{{$

    ??(5 HFSF[LP[GPWo{p{hH{s{{lp{gp" l`b`k`lb`{fdfd zpcpwbod sod qpbbo{bo loqbfg{{$ Gfsfb`{fd lo(

    dowbod oc{l sod {`dlw` z` ~fm ~om g`s`db`{ o~ k`bf{mfdgf{$ @{l`lb`{g` {`dl -z` ~fm(~om g`t`db`{ goeo livp z` cil k`bf{mfdgf{$ Bo{zobo{" sod{dsw z`vosod{dsf loez`{`dmf ibpq zpcpw p~`{b`{fdg` loez`{`dmf dilwobo{ zo{gf{ z`k`d`lbf i{pdp{b`{$ Vphp{wobod lp{d`b`{ eobfdg`" kw{ol{bg{> ~ohod k`vo~liqpl z`vo spw go{dbos{bkbgw{ z` koel qpbp z`vo lf{`hfw gf~fbftf mfkf pswpsw` gf~fbfgf{$Qo{o~fwf vphp{wobod sfvoewb{'`lfb ?7&$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    34/61

    H F S F [ V @ W F W F [ F C F B F M F

    + /9`lfF?7$ Hbsb{ lp{gp gftfz` `{l`l `{mfdb`{f" voq{ol obw vff~pdg` wo~`vphp{wo lp{d`sb" kpvpwPbhpteobf"qo{o~fwbf vphp{wo lp{d`sb" z` qpqosfEovow C`ht {fLFF ibmpd bo{zo eobfdg` wo{bogolf o{wflbo{ z` eosow `gfb`d kfwlf soqbo(

    d fcfdg` m`mf{`d H{sf{lp{gp" fblkoeo{o gi{p qpqo ibp{$ M`d`b ibo{ol ho(VFSFd flfdcf vodshgo qpqogod `{mfdb`{ c{lo{ z` vp{dp{wobod{p voq{oh obwvp~pd` lIh`b`{ eobfdg`" lf{`hfw gf~fbfs> z`vo kob{l qpbp mfkf psw psw` gf~fbfs`lfbg` livo{bo{$ Vphp{wogod c{lod bo{zobo{ kf{ sp{` vphp{wo lokpp p~`({fdg` k`sb`dgflw`d sid{o" e`b`~id voq{olbo{" soq z` licod fc`{fsfd` mf{`{(b`{$ M`bfs{d`sfdf wohohbovod bo{zobo{ qpqo ibp{$ Qpqogod l`b`k`lb`{ c{(lo{$ Kib`b`{` mi{` s`d`g` ;(7 d`sfb z`{f{b`{$

    ^o{o{ '`lbfKf{fdcf z` flfdcf p{pd {{psf{go odo ~o{o{eg{{" H{sf{lp{gp bo{zobod kfw(

    lfdfd `{l`d e`b`~id gid`hb`{fdg` h`{l`~f voq{olbo{go k`sb`dh`l" g`bfl(

    3=

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    35/61

    C FJ W C F @ M FW FH S @ [ FS F ( 6 (

    b`{ oc{dol" izg`g` g`bfl z` mob`{fb`{ oc{dol z` fb`{f `bfs{d` gid`{db`{fd(g` w`q` qpslpbpdg`lf `{l`l i{modbo{go z` licodbo{go k`sb`dh`l sp{`(wfvb` woe{fq `wh`l z` kfwlfdfd ~ovfj gps{d`sfd`" izg` z` lico{pd lhb{do(s{do z` gibovfswvbo p{pd lovkho s`k`q ibp{bo{ S`lfb ?0&$ Ovdco" oc{bodg`bflb`{g`d hodwo{ z` kolw`{fb`{fd mf{`{`l wod`b`{fd flfdcf g`{`c`g` jolow"fdsod sombbmb oc{sfdgod cil id`{dbb ~o{o{bo{ i{h`sfd` s`k`q ibp{bo{$ HF(s{{lp{gp Lo{og`df~" Ho{ho{o" @m` z` Olg`df~ Kib`b`{f-dg` vovhgf{$

    '`lfF?0$ Hbsb{lp{gp bo{zosf{p voq{ol" mizg` z` wo{bogolf ~o{odHpcog`b`sfH{sf{lp{gp fb` kfvibinfl hpcog`b` f{dlo{p kpbpdholwogf{$Kpdpd fcfd

    cil lpcpl kf{ odc{l p{`wfbbq kpbos{l wo{bovo sobh{dolwo z` % ?II-` vol{dkosod sobod{dolwog{{$Pbl`{df~g` kp fhlod zo{g{{$ Kpdpd g{shgo ~o{o{(bfdfd {dpcog`b`sfdg`" lpbwp{`b w`gkf{b`{` kos zp{pb{dob{g{{$ Lfhvosob {dpco(g`b`v` `d sid kos zp{pb{dob{g{{$ Kpdpd fcfd" kf{fdcf p{pd {{psf{go fbl kp(boshobodd % 0 ibgpp wo{bobo{go kosbo{p{ z` flfdcf p{pd {{ps{{go fs` kf{ vp(

    5

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    36/61

    H FS F[ V @W F'W F[ FC FB FM f

    hp{wo qol`wf mi{IbgImImIdb`{g` kosbo{p{ z` `{`lwffdg` ;(3 l`{` li{p(vp`p fbocbo{do voq{bf{$

    '`l`{ {{psh" qowbol {{psf{" fdsodbo{ fvfd wo~` wIl`wfh o{docf fb` `lfb`d{{psf{bo{go sfsw`hfl Kfwlf i~ spvpdo lodsod& bbocbo{ lpbbod{b{do{doe" eov(zod v`hf ibo{ol `lfb`d sfbonb{l {{ps{{bo{go lfhvosob hI`og`b` voq{bho{do(b{gf{$

    ??(6 V@tfBLP[WWo{p{{p@{l`l l`b`k`lb`{fd id lodowbod {fhsf(v`sfb" v`sfbfhsf g`z`wIvI z`vo~`vwfd v`tfbf {`dlw`gf{$ Gfsfdfd id lodowbod fs` wp{pd`p(loez`{`dmf" l{{{{p(

    ~w{ds{(loez`{`df z`vo wpmbo l{{{{p~{sf {`dlw`gf{$ V`sfblp{w l b`k`lb {fdfdid lodowbod I~`{fdg` kf{f kik{`l gfm`{f gof{` s`lbfdg` flf b`l` kpbpdhol(wog{{$Vp{dp{wobod Isww`d kosfl lI{` s`lbfdg`" sibpl k`vo~" sodhsf v`sfb{`dlw`gf{$Vphp{wo {`dmf ocfb{dovo volh livpbosf{ z` vphp{wo p~`{fdg``dfd` kf{ kodw ibpsp{ Bo{zo vphp{wogod fbl vblwbmhgo s`jwow" sibpl m{fh(sf v`sfb {`dlw`gf{$ Sid gid`h bo{zo v`sfb" loez`{`dmf z`vo wp{pd`p {`dmfdg`mftfl widboddgog{{$ Ibmpd bo{zo 3(7 `h kivgog{{$ Qpqo l{{{{p~whsw loe(z`{`dmfgf{ '`lfb ?0" ?:&$

    /9`lfF?0$ V sbblp{w `{l`l(gbsb l b`k`mf" vphp{wosb

    36

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    37/61

    C FJ W C F @ M FW FH S @ [ bs b (6(

    Eovow C`hk`{fLFtF qpqo eobfdg` `cf{`d V`sfblp{w l`b`k`lb`{f" dfsod koshgod fwfko(

    {`d pcpsp{bo{$ L`b`k`lb`{ m`d`bbflb` m`c` olwfj ibpq 2fjwb`th`z` vphp{w(boho m`c` ibp{$ Gbsf" Vp{dp{wobod{p mkzg`" voq{ol" licod qpslpbb`{f z` `{(l`l i{modbo{ p~`{fd` w`l w`l z`vo kf{locf kf{ o{ogo k{{ol{{bo{$ Vphp{wogodcflod bo{zobo{ kfwlfdfd psw voq{olbod fb` k`sb`df{" sid{o p{`{d` i{modboddom`2`{`lk`sb`dh`b`{fdf sp{gp{p{b`{$ Bo{zobo{" vo~ ovbo{fdgo ?1(?0 pdg``bfsh`sfdb $woho{dbo{ z` wiq{olwo qpqo ibp{$ Qpqogod 6(?; pdg` l`b`(k`l cflo{" Kf{ gkbpdp vo~ ovbo{fdgo ;0(30 pdg` wohohbo{ z` vfbgo 3(0$ gib z`{f{$ Cplp{izo kkbm`sfdg` {{psf{go kf{(flf gib z`{f{$

    ^o{o{ '`lbfV`sfb lp{w bo{zobod" `{l`l i{modbo{ p~`{fdg` z` `sos ibo{ol licod

    fc`{bsfdg` k`sb`df{b`{$ Ko~`d h`{l`~f voq{olbo{ fc`{fsfdg` g` k`sb`df{b`{$

    '`lfF?:$ Vosbblp{w bo{zosw" h{s{{ lico{pdgo" wo~` {{ps{{ voq{ombdgolf~o{od z` licodgolb mf{ft g`bfmf

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    38/61

    HFSF[ V @ W F t W F [ F C F B F M F

    Limod qIslIbb`{fdf l`s`{`l gibb`dh`v` `dm`b ibod bo{zobo{ licodbodds`v{`l wod`bf ib{dosho s`k`q ibp{bo{$ Bo{zobo{" licod fc`{bsbd` m`d`bg`lico{pd psw p`pdpd kf{loc `h oso{sfdgod ocwflbod g`bflb`{g`d mf{`{(b`{'`lfF?:&$ Kp V`sfblp{w-pd wfqfl kf{ i~`bbfmfgf{$

    Hpcog`b`sfGiogo kf{ wol{{d gimob gps{dodbod h`z`pwwp{$ Iimob gpshodbodd

    kib ibgpp wo{bobo{go hI`og`b`v` m`{`l vilwp{$V`sfblp{w- bo hI`og`b`g`"idc`bflb` eosowwod sid{o wo{bobo{fd sI{Ibh`sf" c`z{`g`lf vokodcf iwboddw`hf~b`dh`sf mfkf lIbwI{`bw`gkf{b {` koszp{pbhoeg{{$ Lfhvosob hI`og`b (v` `d sid koszp{pb{doeg{{$

    ??(?1 HFSF[GO QOHPL VOQ[OLLP[GPWo{p{hL`b`k`lb`{fd id lodowbod m{f(loez`{`dmf ~`hfd I~`{fdg` lods{l `(

    lfbg`" ocfl sod mf~mfb`{b` sIsbIz` o{lo lodowbod k`vo~ {`dlbfgf{$ Vphp{wo(Fod voq{o{d obw z` psw vI~Idg` lIh`b`{ eobfdg` kpbpdp{ z` I~`{f g`z` wi(vI {`dmfdg` wIvb`{b` i{wIFIgI{$V`df c{lod bo{zobo{ wiqbp eobg` kpbpdp{bo{z` bo{zobo{ ?(?$0 hh p~pdbppdgo" v`fb {`dlbf" l{bbf" kos zI`pgo mi{` kp(vIl" livp loez`" sfvoe {`dlbfgf{$ Gid`{db`{ g`mfwflm` kivp fb` kf{bflw` {`d(mf g` g`mff{$ Ibmpd bo{zo 7(0 `h kivpdgo m{f(loez` vogo sfvoeo cobod{`dlw` ibokfbf{$ Bo{zobodd zI`pgp I~`{fdg` id z` o{logo ibhol I~`{` kf(

    t`lfb?=$ Qohpl Voq{ollp{gp l`b`k`mf z` vphp{wo lIh`sf

    7?

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    39/61

    C FJ W C F @ M FW FH S @ [ FS F 6

    {`{ mfjw sfvoe b`l` zo{g{{ z` zpcpgpdpd psw i{wo lfshhgo lf{bf sod kf{ cf~(mf p~o{p{$Kp s`lfbg` libovco wo{p{p{$ Qpqobod lb~bb loez`{`dmfgf{'`lfb?=&$

    Eovow C`hk`{fK`bf{bf kf{ l{sbo{do gid`{df vilwp{$ LFF" g`mffl gid`{db`{g` `cf{f{$

    Qohpl Voq{ollp{gp l`b`k`lb`{f" pdgp~ bis z` lpvwp v`{b`{g` mf~b`df{"m`c` pcpsp{" ?bmo m`bf{$ Vphp{wobod{p voq{olbodd obw z` Bfsw vp~pd` ;11(311 og`wbfl lp{d`b`{ eobfdg` kf{ol{{ z` p~`{fdf g`z` wPvp {`dmfdg`lf wpv(b`{b` i{w`{" Gfsf l`b`k`l kf{loc g`jogo wiqboh ibo{ol ?;11 logo{ vphp{wokf{olokfbf{$ Vo~{d vphp{wobo{ 7 pdg` oCFFF{$ Vphp{wogod cflod bo{zobo{vphp{wo lokplbod p~`{fdg` wiqbp eobg` kpbpdp{ z` vphp{wo lokplbod{pv`{b`{" sid{o kfwlfdfd qpslpb z` licodboddo eo{`l`w `g`{b`{$ Ibmpd bo{zo(bo{ wiq{olwo qpqo ibp{ z` kf{ sp{` sid{o qpqobo{god l`b`k`lb`{ c{lo{$ Vo(~fd kf{ gibpdp ;0(31 pdg` wohohbo{$ LF?d kp sp{` goeo p~pdgp{$ V{bgo7(0 gib z`{`kfbf{$ Cplp{izo-go ompswis sidboddo gi{p {{ps{dd w`q` z`licod qpslpbI z` spw ibph gid`hfdg` i{pbp{b`{$ H{s{{ kfwlfsfdg` kf{ gi(bpdp wohohbo{$^o{o{ t`lbf

    Bo{zobo{" {{ps{{ kfwlfsfdg` licod qpslpbpdp l`sh`l z` spw ibph gi(d`hfdg`lf licod fc`{fsfd`mf{`{`l licod wod`b`{fdfv`h`l sp{`wfvb` ~o{o{ z`({f{b`{$ Gibb`d{d`g`d idc`licod qpslpbb`{fdf l`s`({`l k`sb`df{b`{$ Kpdpd si(dpcpdgo" licodbo{ s`v{`l$ wod`bf ibp{ z` gibov{sfvbop{pd lovk> h`vgodo m`( /9`lfb$ ?5$Qohpl voq{ollp{gp bo{zos> z` {hsf{bf{ S`lfb ?5&$ licodhgolf ~o{od%L`sfl qIslIbb`{&

    $ R

    7; $ F

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    40/61

    H FS F[ V@ WF'W F[ FC FB FM F

    Hffcog`b`sfQohpl Voq{ollp{gp fb` hpcog`b`" eosowwod sid{o wo{bobo{fd sp{pb(

    h`sf" c`z{`g`lf vokodcf iwbo{{d w`hf~b`dh`sf mfkf lpbwp{`b w`gkf{b`{ z`lfhvosob hpcog`b` s`lbfdg`cf{$ W`q`z` licod qpslpbp fb` spw ibph gk(d`hfdg` ~o{o{e{pd vipd ibgpp wo{bobo{go kf{ fbocbo{do voqbfokfbf{$ bbocbo(ho fcfd" voqfbod sp{z`v sidpcpdgo 3 h- bfl sf{o p~pdbppdgolf {{ps{{ kfw(lfb`{fdg` i{woboho ; og`w bo{zo kpbpdgpp ~ohod bbocboho voq{bf{$

    ??(?? WE[fQSB@[Wohhf@{mfdb`{" lodowbf" ?(?"0 hh$

    p~pdbplwo" sibpl so{fgod oc{lloez`{`dmfv` logo{ g`fs`d{`dlb`{g`gf{'`lfb ?6&$

    Eovow C`hk`{fLF6? `{mfd eobg` c`sfwff kfwlf(b`{ p~`{fdg` m`vf{f{b`{$ Vphp{wo(Foddf voq{ol e`b`~idp fcfd` qo( Y($$$$< $$YY$$$$$$$ t

    l`wb`{ eobfdg` k{{ol{{wo{$ M`d`b t`lfb?6$ Hbsb{ voq{omhgo We{fqs `{mfdfibo{ol vphp{wogod 7(0 pdg` bo{zo cflo{$ V{ bgo 7(: gib z`{f{$ Lp{p eozo(bo{ We{fqs vimpdbpmpdp o{wwh{"

    ^o{o{ t`lbfWe{fqs-b`{ {hsf{ wod{{p voqfbod kpwpd kkbm`b`{g` vov{d ibo{ol i{p(

    bp{b`{$ Voq{olbod `hh`l sp{`wfvb` ~o{o{ z`{f{b`{$ ^o{o{ mk{h16 voq{olbo{mIh16f" k`d`lbf kf{ i{pdp{d oe{$ Kfwlfb`{g` lp{pho" kigp{bosho z` voq({ol l{zdb{dosf z`vo kplpb{d`sf h`vgodo m`bf{$ Spw Ibph Gkd`hfdg` z`{tgflb`{f ~o{o{god gibovw wod`b`{g` kp{ps{do z` c`sfwbb s`lfb ki~plbplboddos`k`q ibp{bo{$

    73

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    41/61

    tHpcog`b`sfKp ~o{o{e fb` hIcog`b`" eosowwod sid{o wo{bodh sp{pbh`sf z` vokod(

    CF iwbodd fheo `gfbh`sf mfkf lpbwp{`b w`gkf{b`{ z` lf{dvosob hIcog`b`gf{$Wo{bogo 71( 01 go-fbl kf{ wo{bo{pd jo{lfb v`{b`{fdg` 01 kfwlfg` voqfbocol so(v{hgo kfwlf kosho 01 og`w bo{zo z`vo `{mfd We{fqs kpbpdgpp ~ohod fboc(bohovo kosbo{p{$

    ??(?; LF[HF^F I[PHC@LB@[Wo{p{h@{mfd l{{{{p~w i{p{dc`lb`{" v`sfbf{dsf" sod" l{{{{p~> z` loez`{`dmfgf{$b$o{zobodoc{l sod z` oc{l l{{{{p~f {`dlw`gf{$ Vphp{wobo{ lI{` s`lbfdg`" fd(

    cf mfkf" t`jjoj z` k`vo~ ibpq" oc{b{dovo gim{p eojfj sod z` l{{{{p~w {`dm`gidItI{'`lfb ;1&"

    Eovow C`hk`{f

    F77

    /9`lfb ;; Hbsb{go l{{hhi{phc`l vphp{wobo{b"`{mfdb`{f" voq{olwo z`

    wo{bogolf

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    42/61

    YYYY tYYYYY"88HFSF[ V@WFtWF[FCFBFMF

    LFtF wo{bo l`doddgolf vokodcw iwbo{go `cf{ d l{{{{p~> i{p{dc`lb`{" fbl(koeo{go eozobodd {shhos{v bo {{ps{{ wo{boboddo m`m`{b`{$ Vp{dp{wobod{pvoq{olbodd cbfw vp~pd`" odo goho{ c`z{`sfd` z` gfm`{ goho{bo{ o{oshogoeo idc` i{gplb`{b ombo{ o{os{do w`l w`l k {{ol {{bo {$ V {bg o ?1(;1 d`sfb z`({f{b`{$

    ^o{o{ t`lbfH{s{ { kfwlfsfdg` voq{olbodd obw vp~`vbdg` kpbpdod l{{{{p~f i{phc`l(

    b`{" wiqbpbplbo{ ibpswp{o{ol z` kfwlf i~ spvpdp `h`{`l voq{olbo{go so{o{(ho z` lp{p{dovo s`k`q ibp{bo{'`lfb ;1&$ L{{{{p~w i{p{dc`l" ~o{od" m`d`b(g` {hs{{ kfw-lfsfdfd obw voq{olbo{fdgo kosbo{ z` psw voq{olbo{o gi{p fb`{b`{$^o{o{god gibovw kfwlf kivp lfsoe{" licodgo wod` kom boho z` p{pdg` o~ob(ho h`vgodo m`bf{$ Lf{{{p~> i{p{dc`lb`{ kf{ cil vi{`g` vov{dg{{ $

    Hpcog`b`sfLf{{{p~w i{phc`l-b`{b` {dpcog`b`" eosowwod siho wo{bo{pd sp{pb{d`sf"

    fblkoeo{go wo{bo l`doddgolf vokodcw iwbodd fheo `gfbh`sf mfkf lpb wp{`ww`gkf{b`{ fb` lfhvosob {dpcog`b` s`lbfdg`gf{$ Lfhvosob {dpcog`b`v`" {{psf{kfwlfsfdg` voq{ol kosho ?1 og`w dfhj z` `{mfd kpbpdgppdgo kosbod{do(eg{{$

    ??(?3 VOQ[OL KfWB@[fWo{p{h@{mfd gfsfb`{ lpcpl" p~pdco zpcpwbp v`sfbfhsf hozf z`vo oc{l v`tfF

    {`dlw`gf{'`lfb ;3&$ Lodowe z` lodowsf~ ji{hbod zo{g{{$ Lobokobfl libidf(b`{g`d ibpsod lodowbf ji{hbod pco{ol koslo kfwlfb`{` m`m`{b`{$ Hfs { { `lf( n $b`d kpwpd kib`b`{g` vovmh ibo{ol m:{pbP{b`{$

    70

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    43/61

    C FJWC F @M FWFH S@[ bsf 6

    '`lfb $;3$ Hbsb{ voq{omhgo Voq{olkfwb`{f libidfb`{fEovow C`hk`{fH{s{{ voq{ol kfwb`{f" sfcolel" {pwpk`wfd pvmpd ibgpp z` lidplcp kfw(

    lfdfd h`zcpw ibgpp gp{phbo{go V FF kivpdco g`zo{de `s`vsf~ ibo{ol 61(mobb{$ Kib`b`{ mi{` g`mfth`lb` kf{bflw` {{psf{go v{bgo kf{cil d`sfb z`{f{(b`{$

    ^o{o{ t`lbfVoq{ol kfwb`{f" izg`" wo~` voq{ol" w`q` qpslpbp z` lccodbo{go libi(dfb`{ ibpswp{o{ol kfwlf i~spvpdp `hh`l sp{`wfvb` ~o{o{ voqo{$ @{l`l i{(

    modbo{golf ~o{o{god gibovw {{psf{go gibb`d{d` ibho~ z`vo cil o~ ibp{ z`kp d`g`db` licodbo{ wod` koboho~ z`vo s`v{`l wod`bf ibp{$ Ovdco" ~o({o{ mi{`d voq{olbo{ lfzdb{{" wod`b`{ kp{psp{ z` ibpdbosho~$ Voq{ol kfwb`({f soelb> kfwlfb`{` zf{ps z` zf{ps k`d~`{f eoswobflbod wos{{bo{$ Voq{olbo{gokobb> hogg` voqo{ol kfwlfdfd so{o{{dosho z` ibphpd` s`k`q ibp{bo{$ Eoblo{oshgo voq{ol kfwf ~o{oddo ~`dl ogw go z`{fbh`lw`gf{$

    Hpcog`b`sfVoq{ol kfwb`{f fb` {dpcog`b`" eosow sid{os w wo{bo{pd sp{pb{d`sf" wo{bo

    l`doddgolf vokodcf iwbodd fheo `gfbh`sf mfkf lpbwp{`b w`gkf{b`{ fb` lfhvo(sob {dpcog b` s`lbfdg`gf{$ H{s f { wo{boshgo voq{bod lidw{ib z` sovfhbo{gokfwlf kosho i{woboho 01 og`w `{mfd dfhj @{mfd` k`d~`v`d lpvpl voz{p(

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    44/61

    H FS F[ V @W F/9 WF[ FC fB FM F

    bo{& kpbpdgppdgo fbocbo{do voq{b{{$ Vipdbpl wo{bo{pd e`{ v`{fdg` ov{p fs`loqboho fbocboho" v`{ v`{ fs`" dilwo z`vo s`{fw fbocbo{do voq{b{dob{g{{"

    ??(?7 qfS LILPBP V@'fB KIC@LWo{p{hQfs lilpbp v`sfb k:c`l `{mfdb`{f" p~pdco" izob z` m`d`bbflb` v`sfb {`dl(

    w`gf{ws`lfb &$ L{sbovod `{mfdb`{ loez`{`dmfv` gidp/f-p{$ Dfhjb`{ `{mfd` k`d(~`{iVphp{wobod {{psf{ voq{olbod{pd psw vp~`vfdg` obw{`d s`lbfdg`lf lp(h`b {g`d ibpsp{$

    '`lfb ;7$ Qfs Lilpbp V`sbb Kic`l `{mfdf z` vphp{wo qol`wfEovow C`hk`{fLF/f-?c`sfwbf li{pdolbo{go `cf{`d `{mfd kic`lb`{" ho{w ov{dgo i{wovo

    cflo{" vokodcf iwbo{bo k`sb`df{" sid{o {{psf{ wo{bosho m`v`{b`{$ Vphp{wobo(d{p lp{d`b`{ eobfdg` kf{ol{{" S`d`g` 3 d`sfb z`{f{$

    ^o{o{ t`lbfHfs{ { kfwlfsfdfd voq{ol" m:zg`" licod z` qIslIbf`{fdg` `hmf voqo{ol

    ~o{o{ z`{f{b`{$ Kp `hmf sidpcpdgo m:zg`" voq{ol z` `{l`l i{modbo{ p~`({fdg` loez`{`dmf b`l`b`{z`vo lpcpl cflhw{bo{ h`vgodo m`bf{ z` licodbo{

    7=

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    45/61

    C FJWC F @MFWFH S@Obsb (6 (

    `hmfg`d gibovw oomb gi{p kplpbp{b`{$ ^o{o{ sidpcp s`v{`l wod`bf li(codbo{ h`vgodo m`bf{ S`lfb ;0 &" z`{fh z` lobfw` gps`{$

    Hpcog`b`sf kfwlfb`{g`d som boh kfwlfb`{` kf{ cil eoswob{l go wos{v{q kpboswh{bo{$ Kpkolf{dgod id`{d o{~ `g`{b`{$

    ?; HFSF[(EOSWOBbLBO[F?;(? Hbsb{ [oswb_F %Pswfbomi hovgfs&H{sf{ kfwlfsfdfd `d jo~bo kfbfd`d eoswoelboddgod {{psf{ {oswbmb kfwlfdfd

    wp{d wiq{ol pswp lws{{dboddgo voq{ol" soq" licod" qpslpb z` `{l`l cfc`l(b`{fdg` m:{pbp{$ Kfwlf p~`{fdg` mob g`gff{df~ sfslfdbflb`{ ibpswp{p{" Kpdbo{:dc`b`{f s`{w ibpq" qo{bol" m{f" k`vo~ {`dlbf kb{ ~o{fo loqeg{{" Ibpdbosw{l(

    75

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    46/61

    YY (8t YY (88888YY+t+++++8(BtHtF SF[v@WF tW F [fcF B F M F

    Eosw{l l`s b {f ibpshps kfwlf l{spdbod(co ~o{ so{od{" p~`{fdg` cowbolbo{ h`vgodo m`bf{" spd`{fhsf kf{ eob oe{ z`

    bcfdg` kpbpdod sfvoe wi~ s`lbbdg`lf eoswobfl `wh`df hodwodd govo{plpp{`h` kf{fhb`{f ibod sqi{bo{ `w{ojo vov{e{$Hbsb{ {oswbmb eoswoemb Pbl`hf~g` h{sf{ I{`wfhf voqbbod wph kibm`(

    b`{fhf~g` mi{pbh`lw`gf{$ Eoswoel `{w`sf Vbbo kpbosfl wiq{ol z` eoswo(FFle kfwlf o{w{lbod fb` m`t`{$ Eoswo kfwlf o{w{lbod{p vfv`d eovzodbodd eo(~fh lodobboddgod `c`d sqi{bo{ codb{elbod{p lovk`wh`~b`{$ Mpk{` fb`w`l{o{ wo{bovo wosh{q kpboshobo{o d`g`d -ibokfbf{b`{$ M`d` z` vose kfwlfb`({fd kpbos{dosf ibgplco mpmwP{$ I~`bbflb` kfwlfdfd e{~e kpvpv`d gilpbodd(god kpboshobo{ libovbblbo ibp{$ Fdsod" eovzod z` k~`bbflb` kkc`lb`{fd oc(dps ibgpp vo{obo{god libovbflbo kfwlfv` mf{ft voqo{ol kfwlfvf eoswobodgh{$

    Hbsb{ {oswbmb fb` hIcog`b`g` kppd fvfd lpbwp{`b idb`{db`{ lpbbo(hbholwog{{ z` lfhvosob hpcog`b`sf vilwp{$

    ^o{odd `d o~ gp~`v` fdgf{fbh`sf fcfd opdocol kose`s idb`hb`{ spd(bo{g{{$

    Govo{ple c`sww z` h`b`~b`{ lpbbod{b{doeg{{$Cil `{l`d z` cil `c `lfhb`{g`d loc{{pbhoeg{{$ Eosw{l l`s`b`{f 1?(

    pdboshogod l`sfbfq vil `gfbh`bf" {osw{le kfwlf o{wflbod g`{fd` i{dpb{d`bfvogo volfbhoeg{{$ Kfwlfb`{f vo{oboholwodz` jo~bo o~iwbp pk{` z`{h`lw`d

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    47/61

    C FJ W b@ M FW FH S @ [ FS F (6(

    solhhob{gf{$ Kkc`lb`{b` {dpcog`b` `g`{`l kfwlfvf vo{obohobod idb`d{d`bf(gf{$ Hfs{{ {osd{{pd `d cil ~o{o{e ibgpp v`{b`{g` `d o~ 3 ( 7 v{bel kf{`lfh dik wf q{i{o{h pvpbod{dob{gw{$

    ?;(; Hbsb{ wieph tI{Ilb% $ fmI %Jpso{fph hid fbfji {h` &Eoswobfl lp{ol z` sw`ol kib`b`{g` i~`bbblb` w`q` qpslpbp cflo{{do

    g`z{`sfdg` `wlfbfgf{$ H`zsfh koshgolf lp{p lispbbo{ z` w e l eozo ;5(31C&" w`q` qpslpbpdg`d sid{olf ;(3 eojwogo d`hbf eozo eoswoel `bfsf(hf bcbd pvmpdgp{$ Eoswobfl e`h`d e`h`d {{psf{ v`wfswf{fb`d e`{ v`{g` mi({pbp{$ Eoswobfle wod`b`{g` q`hk`(k`vo~ {`dlb`dh`b`{ mi{pbP{$ Kp {`dl(b`dh f`{ m`d`bg` licodbodd pc l{s{{dbo{hgod kosbo{"

    Eoswobfh m i { p b g p m p h{s{{ licodbodEoswobfh ~o{od z` `wlfsf Hfs{{ Licodlp{gp z` H{sw{lp{gp zo{eh(

    go goeo go o{wo{$ Kp ~o{o{bfbo{ licodbo{go z` kfwlfdfd mizg`sfdg` eoswo(Fbl `wh`dfdfd libovco f{`kfb`c`f vo{obo{ oco{ol idbodd bsb`{wdf libovbos($w{{{{ps ibp{bo{$ Eoswoelbo wod`b`{fd k~`bbflb` lobfw`sfdg` gps{d` mi{pbp{l`d"hflwoddgo go o~obhobo{ i{peb{$ Eoswoe{d kp ~o{o{bo{hh vo{pdgo" wo(d`b`{g` fdsod sombfmhb ibphsp~ `wlfb`v`c`l wilsfdb`{f ibpswp{hosf goid`{d wosf{$ Eoswobfl `wh`df wo{bo so{wboddgo wilsfd ibpsokfbf{l`d" g`qi(bod{{ps wod`b`{g` g` wilsfd ibpswp{okbbf{$ Eoswobfl `wh`df wiq{ol vp~`vfd(g` vogo p{pd o{w{lbo{{dgo l{sbo{$ Pvmpd lispbbo{go `bfs`d {dodwodd p{`(h` kf{fhb`{f ibod sqi{bod {{pshd w`q` qpslpbpd` m`b`{`l kp{ogo `bfsf{ z`

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    48/61

    H F S F [ V @ W F W F [ F C F B F M F

    Eoswoel d`g`dfvb` wiephbo{ cp{pv`kfbh`lw`" wiephbo{ mfhb`dgfvs`mblbt idc`sf z`vo mblbt sid{osf cil`{w`dk`d~`{f ibphb`{ h`vgodo m`b(

    eoswoew kosbowf{$ H{sf{ Limodlp{gp z`vo H{sf{lp{gp zo{so kp sqi{bo{lp{wbo{h P~`{fd` voq{s{{ps ibo{ol kfwlfdfd wo{le l{s{{d boddo z` koslo kfwlf(b`{` g` wos{dokwb f { $ Gibov{sfvbo eoswobfl goeo jo~bo kfwlfv` vov{b{{ps ibp{$Hodwo{ sqi{bod wiephbo" eozo z` wiq{olbo go wos{d{{" Pbl`{df~g` flfdcfp{pd {{ps{{bo{go goeo jo~bo mi{PFP{$

    ^o{odd `d o~ gP~`v` fdgf{fbh`sf fcfd obhocol kosbfco idw`{db`{ spd(bo{gf{> Eoswoef voqod hodwo{bo{ d`hbf lispbbo{go goeo fvf m`bftwfmf fcfds{l`lfhg`d locho{ol" wo{bodfd goeo eozogo{ ibhos{{p sobo{dol" kfwlfb {fdgf{`dcfdf o~obw{q ~ov{w gPtP{gPmP fcfd jo~bo o~iwwod loch{dol" pvmpd z`lidw{ibfP mPk{`b`h` voqhol" kfwlfb`{f wod{dsob fsb`hb`{ sf{oshgo vo{obo(hol{od locfdhol" kic`l ~o{od ibod v`{b`{g` Wod{d FF z` bbc` HPgP{FPl(b`{fd` koszp{o{ol m`{`lbf w`gkf{b`{f obhol ibo{ol s{{obodokfbf{$

    Eoswoe{d vipd mi{PbgPmP v`{b`{g` vfd` Wodhbb z` \b`` HP`]{FPl(b`{fd` koszp{pb{dosf `d pvmpd vibgp{$ bbocbo{do m`{`l`d gp{p{dbo{go Wod{dz` Livftb`{f Kolodbfmb wo{owhgod wozsfv` `gfb`d fbocbo{god e`{eodmf kf{fsflpbbod{b{doeg{{$ bbocbo{do pvmpd ob`w z` `lfqhod lpbbo{pbo{ol voqfbhobpd{$Lpbbohbocol ob`wb`{fd w`hf~ ib{dos{do z` fm`{fsfdg` e`{eodmf kf{ bboc loed(w{sw ib{do{dosho gfllow `gfbf{$ @lfhg`d cil p~pd sp{` idc` fbocbodod wi(ephbplbo{ P~`{fdg`lf fboc `wlfsfdf lovk`g`kfb`c`fdg`d kpdo :~`bbflb` gfl(low `gfbh`bfgf{$ Kpdbodd vo{ddgo fbocbodd kf{kf{f fb` lodsokfbw{bbbd` g` gfl(low `wh`l m`{`lf{$

    bbocbodd kf{`{ lfhvosob hogg` ibgpmp z` kf{kf{b`{fdg`d `wlfb`dfqki~pbokfb`c`lb`{f pdpwpbhohoeg{{" Kp mfkf gp{phbo{go k`lb`dh`(v`d sidpcbo{ i{wovo c{lokbbb{$

    ?;(3 H bs b{ Wieph " Lol" Lolkimo~b z` S oq C

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    49/61

    j F JW C b@M FWF H S @ [ F S F ("" z` soq mp{plbPmpdg` wfqfl ibo{ol kfwlfb`{g` izg` `ls`df`w{owfdgo gidh` z` kplpb{d`b`{ h`vgodo m`bf{$ Kfwlf g`z{fbf{" wiq{oo g`m(gfmf kip{dbo{go g`sw`l l:lb`{fd ibpswpp m:{pbp{$ Soq mp{plbpmp fs`" m`(d`bbflb` flfdcf p{pd {hs{{bo{go {hsf{bo{ w`q` qpslpbp c{lo{{dogod idc` z`(vo sid{o" `bfsh`dfd e{~e ibgpp wo~` kip{d o{oboddgo m:{pbp{$

    Kiphbo{golb cp{p{d`b`{ kosbodfcwo loez`{`dmf(sfvoe {`dlw` b`l`b`{eobfdg`gf{$ Kf{ sp{` sid{o b`l`b`{ p~`{fdg` hodwodd q`hk`(k`vo~ {`dlbfhfs`bb`{f m:~b` m:{pb`kfbf{$ Eoswoeh fb`{f g:d`hb`{fdg` kfwlf `dj`lw`bf ki(mphbo{god g`z{fb kfbf{$

    Hfsw{ lil" lilkio~> z` soq cp{plbplb`{fd` d`g`d ibod z` m`d`bg`wiq{ol hodwod ibod kp qowin`db`{fd d`g`d ibgpp lovfqbo{ c`z{` jolw:{b`({fdg`d `wlfb`dh`lw`gf{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    50/61

    HFSF[ V @ W F t W F [ F C F B F M F

    Hpcog`b fc Zo{so govo{ple c`sfwb`{fd `lfhf w`{cfe `gfbh`bfgf{$ Wiq{ol fvf w`szfv` `gfbh`bf" wo{bogo sp kf{flh`b`{fd` `dm`b ibpdho(FF" pvmpd wieph vowo> eo~{{bodhob{" `lfh g`{fdbff z` wiq{ol wozf pvmpd

    ib{doeg{{$ S`{wfjfloe wieph lpbbo{pbhoeg{{$ S {l `lfh soq mp{plbBfmb$bdp o{w w { {holwog{{ $ Kp d`g`db` c`sfwb`{` z`

    kib`b`{` mi{` `lfh di{hboddo pvpbhob{g{{$ Wiq{ol odobf~f voqwf{o{ol pvmpd kf{ pk{`b`{d` voq{b{doeg{{$ Kic`lb`{ eoswoel `wh`db`{fdf kfwlfdfd fcfd` wosfvo{ol soq mp{plbpl(

    b`{fdfd bfsh`sfd` vo{g{{dc f ibp{bo{" kp d`g`db` wo{bogolf kic`lb`{b` {dp(cog`b` voq{ bhob {g{{ $

    I~`bbflb` coqo z` kio~ gibgp{ho fsb`hb`{f gp~pd voq{bhoeg{{$ Eosow sid{osf kfwlf o{wflbod wo{bogod p~olbosw{{fbo{ol vil `gfbh`bfz`vo fvfc` qo{cobodo{ol wiq{oo lodswhbhoeg{{$ Eoswoe{d vimpd ibo{ol mi{pbgpmp v`{b`{g` `lfh dik`wf pvmpbod(

    {doeg{{ $Lpbwp{`b w`gkf{b`{fd vo{d sf{o lfhvosob {dpcog`b` m`{`l`kfbf{$ Kp mfkf

    gp{phbo{go wiephbpl `lfhg`d idc` Wodh z` Livfsb`{f Kolodbwf wo{oj{d(god wozsfv` `gfb`d fbocbo{god e`{eodmf kf{fsf fb` fbocbodhoeg{{$ b bocbo{do pv(mpd ob`w z` `lfqhod lpbbo{pbo{ol voq{bhoegf{$ Lpbbo{pbocol ob`wb`{fd w`hf~ib{dosho z` fc`{fsfdg` e`{eodmf kf{ fboc lobhwfsf ib{do{dosho gfllow `gfbf{$@lfhg`d cil p~pd sp{` idc` fbocbodod wiephbplbo{ p~`{fdg`lf Eom`wlfsf(df lovk`g`kfb`c`fdg`d kpdo i~`bbflb` gfllow `gfbh`bfgf{$ Kpdbodd vo{pd(go fbocbodd kf{kf{f E` lodsokfbf{bfbd` g` gfllow `wh`l m`{`lf{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    51/61

    C FJWC F @M FWFH S@[ FS F 6

    ?3 HFSF[ WO[BOBO[FDGO VOKODCF IWBO[Hbsb{ Wo{boboddgo Vokodcf Iwbodd^o{o{ t`lbf z` @lidihfl Id`hfHfsw{ wo{boboddgolf vokodcf iwbo{" m`d`bbflb` {hs{{ bo kf{bflw` cfhb db{"

    `bfsf{ z` kpvph`v` kosbo{bo{$ Wiq{olwo kpbpdod k`sfd hogg`b`{f" SPF il(sfn`d" z` {s{l vidpdg`d h{s{{bo {`lok`w `g`{b`{$ Eowwo vokodc> iwbo{" i{wo(ho goeo cokpl ogoqw` ibgplbod fcfd {hsf{god goeo e{~e `bfs`{`l" wiq({olwod goeo jo~bo sp z` k`sfd hogg`sf oe{bo{$ H {s {{" v ok od cf iwbodd {`lo(k`wfd` cil gpvo{e kf{ kfwlfgf{$ I~`bbflb` `lfhg`d sid{olf fbl ; ovbbl sp{`"vokodcw iw {`lok`wfdfd `d jo~bo ibgpmp kf{ gid`hgf{$ Kp gid`{dg` `m`{vokodcf iwbo{ fb` hIcog`b` voq{bho~ fs` vokodcf iw {`lok`wf d`g`df fb`h`vgodo m`b`d I{pd lovkw go % ;1(31 i{o{pdgog{{ odcol wo{bogolf vo(kodc{ iwbodd wP{b`{fd` z`vo hflwo{ho mi{` kp p{pd lovkf goeo go vpls`(b`kfbf{$ Ovdco {{psf{ wo{bobo{fdgo vokodcw iwbo{" holfd` fb` s{{o o{osf sp{p({dpdp holfd` coqosf& z` eosogf pcb`swf{`{`l goeo jo~bo ft mIcp so{whovib oco{bo{$

    Vokodc f iwbo{ go{ z`vo m`dft voq{olbb" ovdco w`l v{bb{l z`vo cilv{bb{l ibokfbf{b`{ z` kp i~`bbflb`{fd` mi{` hpcog`b` vidw`{df pvpbo{p{ " HF(sf{go `d cil mi{Ib`d go{ voq{olbb w`l vfbel vokodcf iwbo{ k`d`lbf godcodz` voqfslod iw< go{ voq{olbb cil v{bel vokodcf iwbo{ fs` liq`l gfsf ovdmb"wiqobol z` lod vosw{{$ H fs{{go `d cil mi{Ib`d `dfs voq{ole w`l v{bpl vo(kodc w iwbo{ ei{i~ fkfmf" h`b`~ ei{i~ fkfmf" l{{h{~w lilbp ei{i~ fkfmf" koh(kpf iwp" efdw l`d`zf{f" k`d`lbf vodl spwb``d" wpvsp~ eo{p{d git`mf" voko(df kohvo" j`d`{ iwp" s`hf~ iwp" liq`lp~p{dp" g`hf{ gfl`df z` gihp~ q { w ({omb< `dfs voq{olbb cil v{bel vokodcf iwbo{ fs` wo{bo so{{dos{> z` c`wfgf{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    52/61

    H FS F[ V@ WF'W F[ FC FB FM F

    Hbsb{ Wo{bobo{hgo Mi{Ib`d Id`hbfGo{ Voq{ole Vokodcf Iwbo{

    ?(K`d`lbf godcod%@cefdice)io cibidphx ;( Voq{slod iw%S`w {fo z`{wfcfb)owo & 3( Liq l gftf ovd_F%Cvdigid gocwv)id&

    7( Wiqobol%CVQjPPS{iwpdgps& 0( Lodvot(M`bf$%Si{meph eo)`q`ds` &

    00

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    53/61

    C FJ W C F @ M FW FH S @ [ FS F $m$

    f((

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    54/61

    H FS F[ V @W F'W F[ FC FB FM F

    Hbsb{ Wo{bobo{hgo Mi{pb`d Id`hbfM`tft Voq{ole Vokodcw Iwbo{

    ?;( C`wf $%Q{isiqefs jo{ wo&

    ?3( Wo{bo so{hotbmb%Cidzibzpbps o{z`dsfs&

    ?7( S`hf~ iwp%Qi{wpboco ib`{oc`o&

    ?0( Gihp~ qbw{omb%Uodwefph sw{pho{fph&

    ?:( Vokodf kohvo$%Efkfscps w{fidph&

    $ ?=( WIvsI~eohh git`mf%@pqei{kfos`{q`ds&

    0=

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    55/61

    C FJWC F @MFWFH S@[ bsb $m$

    Hbsb{ Wo{bobo{hgo Mo{Mb`d Id`hbfM`df/9Voq{ole Vokodcf Iwbo{

    ?5( K`d`lbf vokl sbfwb`m`d%@pqei{kfodpwods& ;1( G`hf{ gfl`df%W{fkpbps w`{{`sw{fs&?6( Liq`l f$f~f$fhf$f%Sibodph dfm{ph&?3(? HPCOG@B@SfLIbwI{`b Hpcog`b`H{sf{ wo{boshgolf vokodcw iwbo{bo {dpcog`b`g` idc`bflb` lpbwp{`b id(

    b`hb`{ pvpbod{doegw{$ Kp idb`{db`{ wo{bovo vokodcf iwbodd kpboshosfh`dm`bf`h`v` vid`bfl idb`{db`{gf{$ I{d`mfd lpbbo{pbod ob`w z` `lbqho{pdvokodcf iwbo{bo cil kpbos{l wo{bogod cfl{dogod w`hf~b`dh`sf m`{`lf{$ SP({ph `sdoshgo qpbbpo voq{sod wiq{ol qo{cobod w`{df~b`dh`gbf wolwf{g`kp wiq{ol qo{coboddgo q`l cil vokodcf iw wiephp kpbpdokfb`c`bdg`d"kpdbo{ w`hf~ wo{bobodd vokodcf iw wiephbodvbo kpbos{dosho vib omo{$

    Gfllow `gfbh`sf m`{`l`d gfm`{ kf{ lidp hpdoz`k`gb{$ Kfbfdgfmf mfkfe`{ lpbwP{ kfwlfsfdfd l`dgfd` i~mp vokodcf iw i{wpsp zo{gf{$ Isw psw` {{psf{`lfbh`sf" {hs{{o i~mp vokodcw iwbodd vipdbpl lo~odhosho s`k`q ibo(co{dgod" `lfh dik`wf vokodcf iw hpcog`b`sfdg` id`hbf kf{ {ib ivdo{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    56/61

    HFS F[ V@WFJ F [ FC FB FM F

    Jf~fls`b Hpcog`b`H{s{ { `lfhfdg`d idc` fvf kf{ wiq{ol fs b`{d`sf voqfbo{ol wo{bo vokodcf

    iwbo{god w`hf~b`dh`bf" cil v{bb{l vokodcf iwbodd lil z` vph{p mfkf wiq{o(lobww p{`{d` i{modbod `bb` vogo w{{{{plbo wiqbodo{ol wo{bogod p~olbosw{db({doeg{{$ H {s{{ c{lw{lwod sid{o fs` `b coqos> vogo holfd`bf coqo fb` vokod(CF iwbo{ e`dp~ lpcpll`d z` wieph kobo{do{{psl`d g` wo{bogod p~olboswf(Fdbokfbf{$ Coqoboho sog`c` vokodcw `wbod vil `wwfmf mfkf ov{p ~ohodgo sp(vpd wiq{olwo wpwpbhosf" wiq{oh psw wokolosh{d `zs`wfb{d`sf fcfd g` m`({`lbf kf{ fsb`{dgf{$ Odcol w`l kf{ coqobo{do vokodcf iw hpcog`b`sf fcbd v`(w`{bf g`mfbgf{" kp fsb`{dfd kf{loc l`~ w`l{o{bodhosf m`{`lf{$

    Lfhvosob Hpcog`b`b boce hpcog`b`v` lo{o{ z`{fbf{l`d vokodcf `wbod cil fvf wo{phol m`(

    {`lf{$ vpdlp e`{ fboc e`{ lpbwI{ kfwlfsfdg` lpb bo{pbo{dovocow mfkf e`{ vo(kod`> iwp go ibgp{h`~" Vokodcf iw {dpcog`b`sfdg` lpbbo{pbod fbocbodd pv(mpboho s`lbf g` kf{kf{fdg`d wo{lb{g {{$ H { s{{ wo{boboddgo vokodcf iwbo{bo fboc(FF {dpcog`b` pm ovd gid`hg` voq{bf{>

    @lfh idc`sf hpcog`b`> H{s f { `lf{dffcfd eo~f{bod{{ps wiq{oo `lfhg`didc` fbom pvpbo{p{" p~`{fdg`d gfslo{i vogo w{{{{pl m`mf{fb`{`l fboch 0 ( =ch wiq{ol g`{bdbfbd` lods{dosf sobo{p{$

    _blb idc`sf hpcog`b`> H{s w{ `lfhfdg`d sid{ovokodcf iwbo{ z` h{(sf{ wiq{ol vp~`vfd` cflhogod idc`" `d m`m 0 mpd fc`{fsfdg` voqfe{$

    _blb sid{osb hpcog`b`$Vokodcw iwbo{ z` {{ps{{ wiq{ol vp~`vfd` c{l(w{lwod sid{o e`{kfsfw vokodcf `wbod ibgp{`d fboc& pvpbohosf voq{b {doeg{{"Kp pvmpboho sf{oshgo go{ voq{ole vokodcf iwbo{ ?1(?0 ch kivpdgo z``dfs voq{olbb vokodcf iwbo{ fs` 3 ( 0 voq{olbb gid`{dg` ib{doeg{{$

    Wiq{o{d sp" k`sfd `b`h`dwb`{f z` gfm`{ voqfsob i~`bbflb`{bdf gp~`bw(h`l fcbd mblb sid{osw e`{kfsfwb` {dpcog`b` v`{fd`" coqo voqhol sp{`wfvb`g` vokodcf iwbo{bo {dpcog`b` `gfb`kfbf{$

    06

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    57/61

    FJW FjF @M FW FH S @[ FS " H{sf{io ~o{o{e" eoswobfl z` vokodcf iwbo{o lo{sf lo{sf lfhvosobhIcog`b`g` Lp bboh bo col fbo cbo {" gi~ bod z` pvmpboho s `lbf fc bd m`{`lbf kfb(mf fcfd FF z` bbc` Wo{fh Hpgp{ bpl w`{ fd` kos zp{pbhoegf{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    58/61

    H FS F[ Z@ WF'W F[ FC FB FM F

    HFSb{ Wo{boboddgo Mi{Pb`d Id`hbfM`/?ft Voq{ole Vokodcf Iwbo{

    ?;( C`wf $%Q{isiqefs jo{cwo&

    ?3( Wo{bo so{hobfbbmb%Cidzibzpbps o{z`dsfs&

    ?7( S`hf~ iwp%Qi{wpboco ib`{oc`o&

    ?0( Gihp~ qbw{omb%Uodwefph sw{pho{fph&

    ?:( Vokodf kohvo%Efkfscps w{fidph&

    ?=(Wpvsp~ eo{ph gIbbb`mf%@pqei{kfo s`{q`ds&

    0=

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    59/61

    C FJWC F @M FWFH S@[ bsb 6

    HFSb{ Wo{boboddgo Mi{bfb`d Id`hbfM`dft Voq{olbN Vokodcw Iwbo{

    ? 5( K`d` lbf v owbl s f$fwb` m `d%@pqei{kfo dpwods&

    ?6( Liq`l p~p{dp%Sibodph dfm{ph&

    ;1( G`h f{ gfl`df%W{fkpbps w`{{`sw{fs&

    ?3(? HICOG@B@SfLpbwp{`b Hpcog`b`H{sf{ wo{bos{dgolf vokodcw iwbo{bo {dpcog`b`g` idc`bflb` lpbwp{`b id(

    b`hb`{ pvpbod{dob{g{{" Kp idb`{db`{ wo{bovo vokodcf iwbodd kpbos{dos{{p`dm`bb`h`v` vid`bfl idb`hb`{gf{" I{d`fd lpbbo{pbod ob`w z` `lfq{do{pdvokodcf iwbo{bo cil kpbosfl wo{bogod cflhogod w`hf~b`dh`sf m`{`lf{$ SP({ph `sdoshgo qpbbpo voqfsod wiq{ol qo{cobod w`{db~b`d{d`gff wolwf{g`kp wiq{ol qo{cobo{fdgo q`l cil vokodcf iw wiephp kpbpdokfb`c`fdg`d"kpdbo{ w`hf~ wo{bobodd vokodcf$iw wiephbodvbo kpbos{dosho vib oco{"

    Gfllow `gfbh`sf m`{`l`d gfm`{ kf{ lidp {dpdoz`k`gf{$ Kfbfdgfmf mfkfe`{ lpbwP{ kfwlfsfdfd l`dgfd` i~mp vokodcw iw i{]sp zo{gf{$ Psw psw` {{psf{`lfbh`sf" {{ps{{o i~mp vokodcf iwbodd vipdbpl lo~odhosho s`k`q ibo(co{dgod" `lfh dik`wf vokodcw iw hpcog`b`sfdg` id`hbf kf{ {ib ivdo{$

    FF

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    60/61

    H FS F [ V@WF s WF[$Fc b BF M F

    Jf~fls`b Hpcog`b`H{s{{ `lfhfdg`d idc` fvf kf{ wiq{ol fsb`h`sf voq{bo{ol wo{bo vokodcf

    iwbo{god w`hf~b`dh`bf" cil v{bel vokodcw iwbodd lil z` vph{p mfkf wiq{o(lobwf p{`{d` i{mod Fod `bb` vogo w{{{{plbo wiqbodo{ol wo{bogod p~olbose{{b({doegf{$ H{s{{ cflw{lwod sid{o fs` `b coqos> vogo holfd`bf moqo fb` vokod(CF iwbo{ e`dp~ lpcpll`d z` wieph koboho{{psl`d g` wo{bogod p~olboswf(Fdbokfbf{$ Coqoboho sog`c` vokodcf `wbod vil `wwfmf mfkf ov{p ~ohodgo sp(vpd wiq{olwo wpwpbhosf" wiq{oh psw wokolos{{pd `zs`wwbh`sf fcfd g` m`({`lbf kf{ fsb`{dgf{$ Odcol w`l kf{ coqobo{do vokodcf iw hpcog`b`sf fcfd v`(w`{bf g`fbgf{" kp fsb`{dfd kf{loc l`~ w`l{o{bodhosf m`{`lf{$

    Lfhvosob Hpcog`b`Fbombb {dpcog`b`v` lo{o{ z`{fbf{l`d vokodcf `wbod cil fvf wo{phol m`(

    {`lf{$ _pdlp e`{ fboc e`{ lpbwp{ kfwlfsfdg` lpbbo{dbo{dovocow mfkf e`{ vo(kod`> iwp go ibgp{{d`~$ Vokodcf iw {dpcog`b`sfdg` lpbbo{pbod bbocbodd pv(mpboho s`lbf g` kf{kf{fdg`d Fo{leg{{$ H{s{{ wo{boboddgo vokodcf iwbo{bo fboc(FF {dpcog`b` pm ovd gid`{dg` voq{b{{>

    @lfh idc`sf hpcog`b`> Hfs{{ `lfhffcfd eo~{{bod{{ps wiq{oo `lfhg`didc` fboc pvpbo{p{" p~`{fdg`d gfslo{i vogo w{{{{pl`cf{fb`{`l fboch 0 ( =ch wiq{ol g`{fdbffd` lods{dosf sobo{p{$

    _blb idc`sf hpcog`b`> H{s{{ `lfhfdg`d sid{o$vokodcf iwbo{ z` {{p(sf{ wiq{ol vp~`vfd` cfl{dogod idc`" `d m`m 0 mpd bc`{fsbdg` voqfe{$

    _blb sid{osb hpcog`b`Vokodcf iwbo{ z` {{ps{{ wiq{ol vp~`vfd` cfl(w{lwod sid{o e`{kfsfw vokodcf iwbod ibgp{`d fboc& pvpbohosf voq{bhoeg{{$Kp pvmpboho sf{oshgo go{ voq{olbb vokodcw iwbo{ ?1(?0 ch kivpdgo z`m`dft voq{olbb vokodcf iwbo{ fs` 3 ( 0 voq{olbb gid`{dg` ib{doeg{{$

    Wiq{o{d sp" k`sfd `b`h`dwb`{f z` gfm`{ voqfsob i~`bbflb`{fdf gp~`bw(h`l fmfd mblbt sid{osf e`{kfsfwb` {dpcog`b` v`{fd`" coqo voqhol sp{`wfvb`g` vokodcf iwbo{bo hpcog`b $`gfb kbbb{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    61/61

    C FJW`b @M FWFH S @[ FS F 6

    Vokodcf iw hIcog`b`sfdg` fboce hIcog`b`g` fsw`dfb`d sidpcp obokfb(h`l fcfd ko~f lidpbo{o gfllow `wh`l m`{`lh`lw`gf{$ Kpdbo{< wozsfv` `gf(b`d Eomgi~pdpd g`lo{o woh ibo{ol gpsh`sf z` e`{kfsfwfd kiso mfwh`h`(sf fcfd$lpbbo{pbocol fbocbo{do ob`wfdfd g`qispdo sp gibgp{pbo{ol idc` lobfk({osvid voqfbhoe" fbocbo{do {p~o{sf~" solfd eozogo voq{bhob{" `lfh idc`(sf z` mblb idc`sb voqfbocol pvmpbohobo{go wiq{ol vI~`vfdfd l`s`lsf~ z`v`w`{f logo{ d`hbf ib{dosho i~`d isw`{fbh`bbgf{$ Cfl{s sid{os{ lpbbo{pbod;$7(G ohfdbf wbocbo{" {{ps{{ ;1 ch kivbo{pdcovo logo{ hpwbolo voqfbhoe(g{{$ Olsf gp{phgo {d{sf{ ~o{o{ mi{I{$ bbocbo{do o{pdgo eozo s{cole>;01C-vf m`mh`h`bfgf{$

    Diw> Hfs{{go ~o{o{e" eoswobfl z` vokodcf iwbo{o lo{sw lo{sw lfhvosobhIcog`b`g` Lpbbo{pbocol fbocbo{" gi~bod z` pvmpboho s`lbf fcfd m`{`lbf kfb(mf fcfd FF z` b bc` Wodh Hpgp{bplb`ddokos zp{pb{dob{g{{$