The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European

Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.`

Michael Papapetrou, WIP Renewable Energies, Phone: +49 89 720 12 712, pmp@wip-munich.de

Facilitating energy storage to allow high penetration of variable renewable energy

European Regulatory and Market Framework for Electricity Storage

Improvement recommendations based on a stakeholder consultation

Project Summary & Objectives

stoRE aims to facilitate the high penetration of variable renewable energies in the European grid by unblocking the potential for energy storage infrastructure, through:

Analysis of the energy storage status and potential

Assessment of the environmental considerations for the development and operation of energy storage facilities

Identification, assessment and reviewing together with key stakeholders of the regulatory and market framework conditions - at European level - in the 6 target countries

Dissemination activities for improving the understanding of the benefits of energy storage for the energy systems of Europe.

Results (1)

Current Status, Role and Costs of Energy Storage Technologies

The Role of Bulk Energy Storage in Facilitating Renewable Energy Expansion

Environmental Performance of Existing Energy Storage Installations

Recommendations for furthering the Sustainable Development of Bulk Energy Storage Facilities – consultation process closed

www.store-project.eu

Results (2)

Guidelines for the development of PHES in environmentally sensitive sites – ongoing consultation process

European Regulatory & Market Framework for Electricity Storage Infrastructure – consultation process closed

Energy Storage Needs in Austria, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Ireland and Spain Regulatory & Market Framework for Electricity Storage Infrastructure – ongoing

consultation process

D R A F

T

D R A F

T

www.store-project.eu

Survey Methodology

Collection and analysis of feedback from overall 55 experts, through a questionnaire, telephone interviews, four round table discussions, feedback to draft versions of the report, advisory board meetings

Utilities / Industry

NGOs / Associations Developers Research Institutes TSOs and others

DONG Energy EASE Gaelectric École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

50Hertz

E.ON EREF HSE Invest JRC ELIA

Endesa HEA JUWI KU, Leuven Red Eléctrica de España

RWE Renewables Grid Initiative (RGI)

UPB/ROSHA RSE Philippe & Partners (law firm),

Verbund Climate Parliament Hydrowatt SiTI Electricity Authority of Cyprus

Panasonic Europe

Smart Energy for Europe Platform (SEFEP)

ELZACO Ltd University of Zagreb

Single Electricity Market

Documents considered

The Electricity Directive - Directive 2009/72/EC

The Renewable Energy Directive - Directive 2009/28/EC

Framework Guidelines and Network Codes

Better Governance for the Single Market - COM(2012) 259

Making the Internal Energy Market Work - COM(2012) 663

Energy 2020 - COM(2010) 639

The Energy Roadmap 2050 - COM(2011) 885

Renewable Energy: a major player in the European energy market - COM(2012) 271

Ideal Market

In the ideal electricity market, which is the target of the 3rd energy package, all the required services are well defined and there are transparent, liquid and competitive markets

In such a market there would be clear signals to reflect the requirements for flexibility, balancing and ancillary services and these signals would be interpreted by electricity storage developers/operators, among others, to design, build and operate their facilities accordingly or not to build if other technologies could provide the required services at lower cost

Non-market elements are distorting that vision (often for good reasons): RE feed-in tariffs; financial support for transmission infrastructure and for certain storage technologies; procurements of ancillary services based on bilateral contracts etc.

Market Signals? Spread between peak and off-peak prices is decreasing,

changing the business model of energy storage and making its viability marginal

Uncertainties in the ancillary services markets and double grid fees are putting more pressure, making the financing of such plants very difficult

Does lack of viability reflect a market signal that additional storage is not necessary?

Storage is necessary: Market solution or market intervention?

Source: Simon Mueller, IEA, Future Design of RE Markets, EUFORES Parliamentary Dinner Debate, 4 December 2012, Brussels

Source Installed Solar Capacity by 2030 (MWe)

Energy Roadmap 2050 (Reference Scenario) 91,599Energy Roadmap 2050 (High RES Scenario) 195,255Eurelectric’s Power Choices 65,000EPIA (Paradigm Shift Scenario– refers only to PV ) 768,500

Market Intervention

Large scale storage development times can be over 10 years long, therefore for 2020 - 2030, reliable markets signals should be available now: Targeted regulatory interventions and initiatives should be introduced to ensure the timely development of storage infrastructure.

Here are listed some ideas proposed by survey respondents: Introduce elements that reward flexibility in RE support mechanisms Provide support for storage only when storing renewable excess:

grant priority dispatch and/or exempt it from grid fees and taxes Develop a forward services market in which the service is bought

sufficiently far forward to be relevant to investment decisions Redesign capacity mechanism in order to recognize possible

contributions of alternative flexibility means

Electricity Directive

Article 9 (1) states that TSOs cannot control any electricity supply or generation activities. In general this article is interpreted as a prohibition for TSOs to control electricity storage.

But there are different views. For example ENTSO-E in the last TYNDP: “In terms of regulatory issues, open questions are related to which players … shall own and manage storage facilities”

Legal uncertainty is created by the lack of an official definition for electricity storage, which is treated as a generation facility. The uncertainty does not help electricity storage to progress in a clear framework. Article 9(1) should be officially clarified regarding its applicability to storage

Electricity Directive

The first step should be to include a clear definition of electricity storage in the Electricity Directive. This could be done in cooperation with all relevant actors like EASE, to ensure that the relevant aspects of the different technologies are covered.

Secondly, it should be decided if and how to include electricity storage in Article 9 (1) of the Electricity Directive. We recommend that all actors are involved in a dialogue to propose an approach that fulfils the following conditions:

Ensure the functioning of an open , fair and transparent market, by introducing restrictions to the use of storage by system operators if and when they are allowed some kind of control over them

Facilitate the market selection of the most efficient solution when a decision has to be taken for transmission vs. storage

Energy Infrastructure Package and PCIs

Documents considered

Blueprint for an integrated European energy network - COM(2010) 677

Guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure - COM(2011) 658

Establishing the Connecting Europe Facility - COM(2011) 665

The Ten Year Network Development Plan (TYNDP)

The list of “Projects of Common Interest” (PCIs)

Energy Infrastructure Package and PCIs

The provision of the infrastructure package to provide financial support for electricity storage projects could help in the timely development of storage infrastructure, as they are unviable in the current market.

However, the explicit exemption of PHES is controversial, as it is a technology ready for deployment. The exemption of PHES from the financing provision should be re-evaluated

Storage projects do not seem to feature in the TYNDP – possibly as a result of the unbundling principle. The possibility to include in the PCI list projects not foreseen in the TYNDP should be maintained.

The evaluation method of the proposed electricity storage projects should be reviewed to ensure that it is fair and in equal terms with the transmission projects, since the market cannot indicate the most efficient solution between regulated and non-regulated actors.

Grid Fees

Common rules should be applied across the EU regarding transmission access fees and use of system fees for electricity storage systems, promoting deployment of storage according to needs rather than favourable rules

Access fees should be calculated with a method that will take into account the real impact of the electricity storage system on the grid. Electricity storage facilities can choose when to absorb electricity from the grid and when to feed it back. In most cases they are operated for balancing so they are not contributing to congestion problems, but are actually relieving them.

Environmental Issues

Documents considered

Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC)

Habitat Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC)

Birds Directive (Directive 2009/147/EC)

SEA Directive (Directive 2001/42/EC)

EIA Directive (Directive 2011/92/EEC)

Policy Plans Programmes Projects

Environmental Issues

1. Establish a need for bulk EST – create policy

2. Develop Plans and Programmes for Bulk EST

3. Identify viable sites at Strategic Level

4. Develop clear guidelines and document best practice

5. Facilitate planning and approval procedures

Energy storage needs

2530

3540

45

45

5055

60

65 70

75

7580

Pumped storage power (GW)

Sto

rage

capa

city

(GW

h)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1020

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Frame 001 29 Jan 2013

1015

20

20

25

25

30

3535

4040

4545

Pumped storage power (GW)

Sto

rage

capa

city

(GW

h)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1020

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Frame 001 29 Jan 2013

Example: Results for Greece – 80% RE penetration

1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0C o m m issio n in g y ear

0

1 0 0 0

2 0 0 0

3 0 0 0

4 0 0 0

5 0 0 0

6 0 0 0

7 0 0 0

Inst

alle

d pu

mpe

d st

orag

e ca

paci

ty (

MW

)

C F = 25% C F = 30% C F = 35%

(a)

Example: Results for Greece – 80% RE penetration

Energy storage needs

Thank you

Michael Papapetrou

WIP Renewable Energies

Sylvensteinstr. 2, 81369

Munich, Germany

Phone: +49 89 720 12 712

Email: pmp@wip-munich.de

www.wip-munich.de