Megh Pyne Abhiyan: Drinking Water in North Bihar
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Transcript of Megh Pyne Abhiyan: Drinking Water in North Bihar
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Megh Pyne Abhiyan,Bihar
DRINKING WATERISSUES, CONCERNS AND ACTION IN NORTH BIHAR
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The issue of drinking water in north Bihar has wide-ranging and multiple consequences
with direct and indirect impact on various aspects of people life
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RIVER BASIN MAP
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ABOUT NORTH BIHAR• North Bihar has an area of about 5.4 million hectares
• Playfield of 8 major rivers – Gandak, Burhi Gandak, Adhwara group of rivers, Bagmati, Kamla, Bhutahi Balan, Kosi and Mahananda.
• 17 per cent of the total flood affected area of the country is in Bihar
• 57 per cent of the total floods affected people in the country belong to Bihar. Out of which 76 per cent reside in north Bihar
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• 76 per cent of the land in north Bihar is flood affected and approximately 86 per cent of people depend on agriculture for their existence
• Excessive water logging – as per state government’s report, approximately 0.8 million hectares of land is waterlogged every year, 15 per cent of agricultural land is rendered useless affecting livelihood of 6 million people
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• The alluvial formations constitute prolific aquifers where the tubewell can yield between 120-247 m³/hr
• The main alluvial tract covers entire north Bihar and a sizeable area south of the Ganga River
• The Terai soil is found in northern part of Bihar along the border of Nepal
• Clay soil, sand soil and loamy soil are common in Bihar
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GROUNDWATER SCENARIO IN BIHAR
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• The annual replenishable groundwater resource is estimated at 29.19 Billion cubic metre (BCM).
• The net annual groundwater availability is 27.42 BCM
• The annual groundwater draft is calculated at 10.77 BCM with 39 per cent of groundwater development
• CGWB claims there are no over exploited, critical zones and semi critical zones in the state
• The Bihar Groundwater (Regulation and Control of Development and Management) Legislation was approved in 2006
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DRINKING WATER CONCERNS IN BIHAR is directly proportionate to the
seasonal variability
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• 28.2 million human lives
• 23,852 villages were affected
• Crops over an area of 2.51 million hectares were destroyed
FLOODS OF 1987
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FLOODS OF 2004
• 20 districts
• 21 million people
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FLOODS OF 2007• 22 districts
• 25 million population
• 1.6 million hectares of standing crops destroyed
• .73 million houses destroyed
• Approximately 1000 human deaths
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FLOODS OF 2008
• 18 districts
• 4.8 million population
• Estimated value of total damage is 21,643.61 lakh
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Leading to PROBLEMS...
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• Disruption of individual, family and community life• Collapse of micro-agro-economy,
restricted/stunted livelihood opportunities and perpetuation of money-order economy
• Continued existence on certain facilities despite its inappropriateness
And the list continues…..
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I. Status of drinking water sources during floods...
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II. Water scenario during dry season...
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Problems
• Absence of safe drinking water sources resultingin a myriad of health related problems.
• Groundwater contamination• Disregarded water quality issue• Forgotten practices of ensuring clean water • Forgotten practices of managing water at the
community level• Centralized and uniform approach - Bihar seeks
Rs 470 cr central aid to clean up groundwater(2008)
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Groundwater profile – CGWB’s perspective
Begusarai, Bhagalpur, Bhojpur, Buxar, Darbhanga, Katihar, Khagaria, Kishanganj, Lakhiserai,Munger, Patna, Purnea, Samastipur, Saran, Vaishali
Arsenic (>0.05 mg/l )
Aurangabad, Banka, Bhagalpur, Bhojpur, Bhabua, Patna, Rohtas, Saran, Siwan
Nitrate (>45 mg/l)
Aurangabad, Begusarai, Bhojpur, Buxar, Bhabua(Kaimur), East Champaran, Gopalganj, Katihar, Khagaria, Kishanganj, Lakhiserai, Madhepura, Muzafferpur, Nawada, Rohtas, Saharsa, Samastipur, Siwan, Supaul, West Champaran
Iron (>1.0 mg/l)
Aurangabad, Banka, Buxar, Bhabua(Kaimur), Jamui, Munger, Nawada, Rohtas, Supaul
Fluoride (>1.5 mg/l)
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-√√√-√NC√West Champaran
-√√√√√NC√Madhubani
√√-√√√NC√Khagaria
-√√√√√√√Saharsa
√√-√-√√√Supaul
ArsenicColiform(apl)
Fluoride(apl)
Ammonia(apl)
Nitrate(apl)
Iron(apl)
Phosphorus(Above
permissible limits)
pH(>
8.5)
District
GROUNDWATER PROFILE DEVELOPED BY MEGH PYNE ABHIYAN’S PRELIMENARY WATER TESTING EXERCISE
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1------12008Dugwell
15------232008HP
1------12007Dugwell
10------232007HPSarsava
Testing of water sources for Coliform contamination
2-1----32008River
1-----112008Dugwell
15-6-13-15192008HP
3-1---232007River
1-1---112007Dugwell
6-17-17-5202007HPSarsava
ColiformFluoride(> 1.5 mg/l)
AmmoniaNitrate(> 45mg/l)
Iron(> 1
mg/l)
Hardness(> 600 mg/l)
pH(>
8.5)
Total tested water
sources
Year Water source
Panchayat name
-32008Dugwell
14202008HP
-52007Dugwell
6202007HPKhagaria (Madarpur)
Arsenic (> 0.05 mg/l)
Total tested water sources
Year Water source
District
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Megh Pyne Abhiyan’sbelief and commitment
• Exploring contextual, meaningful and innovative interventions
• Structured intervention in terms of problems and plausible alternative solutions
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Safe drinking water during floods
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TECHNIQUE AND PROCESS
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1,91,5362584341Total
6,808 685 28 West Champaran (2007)
6,923-94Madhubani (2007)
Approximately 1.5-1.75 lakh
of human population
171951Khagaria (2007)
14,3009472Saharsa (2007)
13,5058696Supaul (2007)
Total number of families
benefitted
Number of individual
installations
Number of community rainwater harvesting
system
Districts
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Benefits
• Access to safe and secure drinking water • Minimizing negative impact on health well being• Addressing gastro-intestinal problems• Developing a common platform at the village
level
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Safe drinking water after floods
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Water literacy
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Dug well revival
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561838Grand Total
431West Champaran
1798Madhubani
725Khagaria
13211Saharsa
15213Supaul
TotalRepairedRevivedDistrict
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Adopting traditional know how
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Way forward…
Profiling groundwater in flood plains of north Bihar– Typology– Developing hydro-geological-ecological arguments with
regard to the present state of the groundwater– Highlighting the groundwater problems and establishing
factors for its occurrence– Appropriate groundwater management practices