Medical TimelineMedical Timeline

IntroductionIntroductionBrainstorm home remedies. Evaluate the effectiveness and safety of

these remedies. Explain that the practice of medicine has evolved over the years, often by trial and error.

Visit: http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/7-unusual-ancient-medical-techniques

Brainstorm home remedies. Evaluate the effectiveness and safety of these remedies. Explain that the practice of medicine has evolved over the years, often by trial and error.

Visit: http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/7-unusual-ancient-medical-techniques

4000 BC – 3000 BC Primitive Times Illness and diseases were a punishment from the Gods

Tribal witch doctors treated illness with ceremonies

Herbs and plants used as medicines (morphine and digitalis)

Trepanation or trephining to create a hole in the skull

Average life span 20 years

Digitalis has long been used as a treatment for heart failure in addition to a range of other traditional uses. The plant is cultivated as an ornamental.http://www.botanical.com/

botanical/mgmh/f/foxglo30.htmlEvidence of trepanation has been found in prehistoric human remains from Neolithic times onward.

Cave paintings indicate that people believed the practice would cure epileptic seizures,migraines,

and mental disorders.[3] The bone that was trepanned was kept by the prehistoric people and may

have been worn as a charm to keep evil spirits away. Evidence also suggests that trepanation was

primitive emergency surgery after head wounds[4] to remove shattered bits of bone from a

fractured skull and clean out the blood that often pools under the skull after a blow to the head.

Such injuries were typical for primitive weaponry such as slings and war clubs.[5]

http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/neuroskeptic/2012/03/23/the-

mystery-of-trephination/#.VChqKStdXwk

If you had a stomach ache and chills during primitive times,

would you tell someone? Why or why not?

What do you think were the complications of trepanation?

If you had a stomach ache and chills during primitive times,

would you tell someone? Why or why not?

What do you think were the complications of trepanation?

3000 BC – 300 BC Ancient Egyptians Physicians were priests

Bloodletting or leeches used as medical treatment

Average life span 20 years

Visit here: http://www.signaturemd.com/horrifyin

g-halloween-healthcare/

What do you know about mummification? What can you learn about Egyptians from

that?

What do you think Egyptians used leeches, and what do you suspect was the result?

What do you know about mummification? What can you learn about Egyptians from

that?

What do you think Egyptians used leeches, and what do you suspect was the result?

1700 BC – AD 220 Ancient Chinese

Believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body

Recorded a pharmacopoeia of medications based mainly on the use of herbs

Used therapies such as acupuncture

Began to search for medical reasons for illness

Average life span was 20-30 years

1200 BC –200 BC Ancient Greeks First to observe the human body and the effects of disease –

led to modern medical sciences.

Believed illness is a result of natural causes

Used therapies such as massage, art therapy, and herbal treatment

Average life span 25-35 years

http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/greeks/science/

medicine/

Why do some people say that the Greeks are the

founders of modern medicine?

Why do some people say that the Greeks are the

founders of modern medicine?

753 BC – AD 410 Ancient Romans Established first hospital (caring for solders in their homes)

First public health and sanitation systems by building sewers and aqueducts

Average life span 25-35 years

In history class you learned that the Romans were known for building roads ad

impressive buildings, and for fighting wars? How do those facts relate to the

Romans’ contributions to medicine?

In history class you learned that the Romans were known for building roads ad

impressive buildings, and for fighting wars? How do those facts relate to the

Romans’ contributions to medicine?

AD 400 – AD 800 Dark Ages

Began after the fall of the Roman Empire

Emphasis on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited

Monks and priests treated patients with prayer

Many in the Church believed illness was a punishment from God.

Average life span 20-30 years

Why did they call it the Dark Ages?Why did they call it the Dark Ages?

AD 800 – AD 1400 Middle Ages Renewed interest in medical practices of Greek and Romans

Bubonic Plague killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia

Average life span 20-35 years

What was the other name for the Bubonic Plague? What caused

it?

What was the other name for the Bubonic Plague? What caused

it?

AD 1350 – AD 1650 Renaissance

Dissection of body led to increased understanding of anatomy and physiology

Invention of printing press allowed medical knowledge to be shared

Average life span 30-40 years

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) and Michelangelo (1475–1564), who are known to have undertaken detailed anatomical dissections at various points in their long careers, set a new standard in their portrayals of the human figure

Below: Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564), Michelangelo, and da Vinci

What led to a better understanding of anatomy and physiology during the historical

period and why was that important?

What led to a better understanding of anatomy and physiology during the historical

period and why was that important?

16th and 17th Centuries

Cause of disease still not known – many people died from infections

Invention of the microscope allowed physicians to see disease-causing organisms.

Apothecaries led to development of pharmacies

First vaccination developed – smallpox

Average life span 35-45 years

Click to see what smallpox looks likehttp://sites.duke.edu/

smallpoxsaintdomingue1/files/2011/12/Smallpox-stages-rash2.jpg

18th Century Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) created the first mercury thermometer John Hunter (1728-1793), established scientific surgical procedures and

introduced tube feeding Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals Average life span 40-50 years

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2194635/Rare-mercury-thermometer-Daniel-Fahrenheit-early-1700s-set-fetch-100-000-

auction.html

What invention led to doctors being able to see

disease-causing organisms for the first time?

What invention led to doctors being able to see

disease-causing organisms for the first time?

19th Century Formal training for nurses began Infection control developed once microorganisms were associated with

disease Viruses discovered in 1892 Women became active participants in health care Average life span 40-60 years

What is infection control, and have you practices

any infection control today?

What is infection control, and have you practices

any infection control today?

20th and 21st Century

20th and 21st Century

• What do you think?

How has technology influenced health care in the 21st century?

What types of ethical issues have these innovations led to?

What do you feel is the greatest need for future discovery?

How has technology influenced health care in the 21st century?

What types of ethical issues have these innovations led to?

What do you feel is the greatest need for future discovery?