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Transcript of May 30, 2012; Prague DIVERGING OR CONVERGING EFFECTS OF CONTEMPORARY MEDIA ON YOUNG AND AGED...
May 30, 2012; Prague
DIVERGING OR CONVERGING EFFECTS OF CONTEMPORARY MEDIA
ON YOUNG AND AGED POPULATIONS
Aykut TorosE. Gülay Keskin
ZIVOT
1
İstanbul fotoğrafı ekle
Yeditepe Üniversitesi fotoğrafı Ekle
2
1. THE QUESTION2. THE DATA3. MAJOR TERMINOLOGY4. ANALYSIS5.SUMMARY EXTRACTIONS6.CONCLUSION
CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION
THE QUESTION:
IS CONTEMPORARY MEDIA
BRINGING TOGETHER
OR
PUSHING APART
THE ELDERLY AND NOT ELDERLY
THE DATA:
“2011 SOCIAL CHANGE AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SURVEY”
Department of SociologyYeditepe UniversityIstanbul; TURKEY
5
1- Questionnaire2 - Intervıever Manual3 -Address Updating4- Response Follow-up Forms5 - Telephone controls6 - Etc.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
6
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRUBUTION OF CLUSTERS
KMZ LINK
Face to face interviews were carried in: 539 Clusters 8 085 Households
Which required 17 154 single or multiple visits to households
Number of respondents interviewed Age 17 and above 22 735 completed interviews (H.H.response rate
82%) 21 199 aged 17-64 (not elderly) 1 639 aged 65 and above (elderly)
FIELDWORK RESULTS
24.M
art
25.M
art
26.M
art
27.M
art
28.M
art
29.M
art
30.M
art
31.M
art
01.N
isan
02.N
isan
03.N
isan
04.N
isan
05.N
isan
06.N
isan
07.N
isan
08.N
isan
09.N
isan
10.N
isan
11.N
isan
12.N
isan
13.N
isan
14.N
isan
Mart Nisan
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
INTERVIEW ACCUMULATION
PER
CEN
T O
F I
NTER
VIE
WS C
OM
PLETED
CALENDER OF FIELDWORK
1-Good organization leads to high quality of data
2-The graph shows smooth accumulation of data. No observable heaps or dips until 95% of the data was collected
Male51%
Female49%
Gender Distribution in SCSD Survey
Male50%
Female50%
Sex Distribution in TSI
EVIDENCE ON QUALITY OF DATA: EXTERNAL CONSISTENCY
DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80-84
85-89
90+
4,000,000 2,000,000 0 2,000,000 4,000,000
Tuskısh Statistical Instute
ErkekKadın
0 - 4
5 - 9
10 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65 - 69
70 - 74
75 - 79
80 - 84
85 - 89
90 - ve üzeri
-4,000,000 -2,000,000 0 2,000,000 4,000,000
SCSD Survey
ERKEKKADIN
AGE DISTRUBUTIONS (POPULATION PYRAMIDS)
ILLITERATE PRIMARY BASIC (Pr+Mid)
HIGH SCHOOL UNIVERSITY MASTERS Ph.D0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
SCSD
TSI
CONSISTENCY IN EDUCATIONAL STATUS
TERMINOLOGY
APPROBATIVE: VALUES AND NORMS(ACTIONS) THAT ARE NOT ACCEPTED AS CONTRADICTORY TO THE SOCIAL PREFERENCES. PHENOMENA THAT ARE ON THE APPROVAL SIDE RATHER THAN ON THE DISAPPROVAL SIDE OF THE CONTINIUM
ELDERLY/NOT ELDERLY: ELDERLY ARE THOSE PEOPLE THAT ARE AT OR ABOVE AGE 65.NOT ELDERLY ARE THOSE PEOPLE THAT ARE BETWEEN AGE 17 THRU 64
CONTEMPORARY MEDIA: OLD AND NEW MEDIA THAT ARE IN USE IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
13
ANALYSIS
THREE GROUPS OF VARIABLES
DIVERGENCE/CONVERGENCE ISSUES(Values dimension)
1. "What Is the Position of Women in Society?"2. “Problems of which domain has priority, national domain or of your immidiate environment?"3. "Would you feel bothered if a women reaches top level government administration"4."We should show understanding to life style of those with different morals."5. "It is permissible to skip some of the religious obligations, under current living conditions6. "Do laws or leaders rule in the area that you live."7. "People like us have no say in politics "8. "Do you find the President trustworthy"9. “Do you trust the judicial courts"10.”Do you find European Union trustworthy".
APPROBATIVE BEHAVIOUR DETERMINANTS(Action dimension)
1. "Reads Paper Or Not"2. "Paper Read is Modern or Conservative "3. "Uses Social network or not"4. "Paper Read is Colorful or Dull"5. "Paper Read Have Big or Small Fonts"6. "Reads Columns or Not"7. "Most watched TV is Mainly Thematic or Entertaining"8. "Most watched TV is Neutral or Flanked".
CONTROL VARIABLES1.Gender2.Education3.Geographic Region
i.e. 10x8x3= 240 TABLES15
LEVELS OF ANALYSIS EMPLOYEDLevel 1: Simple comparison of percentages (on divergence/convergence issues).
Example:What percentage of elderly approves a divergence or convergence issue?
TABLE-00 Elderly or Not Elderly > What Is the Position of Women in Society?
%Not elderly(<65) Men&Women have
equal roles in Society68,24
Other Responses 31,76
Total 100.00
TABLE-00 Elderly or Not Elderly > What Is the Position of Women in Society?
%Elderly(>64) Men&Women
have equal roles in Society
61,52
Other Responses 38,48
Total 100.00
16
LEVELS OF ANALYSIS EMPLOYED (Cont’d)
Level 2: Comparison of percentages by approbative dichotomies.
Example:What percentage of elderly approves a divergence or convergence issue by approbative dichotomies?
TABLE-01 What Is the Position of Women in Society? Elderly or Not Elderly BY Reads Paper Or Not
Reads Paper Or Not
Yes No
% % Men&Women have equal roles in Society
Not elderly(<65) 53,32 46,68
Elderly(>64) 36,46 63,54
Other Responses Not elderly(<65) 30,58 69,42
Elderly(>64) 21,38 78,62
TABLE-02 What Is the Position of Women in Society? Not Elderly BY Paper Read Have Big or Small Fonts
Paper Read Have Big or Small Fonts
Large Fonts Small Fonts
% %Men&Women have equal roles in Society
Not elderly(<65) 85,71 14,29
Elderly(>64) 84,09 15,91
Other Responses Not elderly(<65) 79,29 20,71
Elderly(>64) 70,80 29,20
TABLE-03 What Is the Position of Women in Society Elderly or Not Elderly BY Most watched TV is Neutral or
Flanked
Most watched TV is Neutral or Flanked
Neutral Flanked
% %Men&Women have equal roles in Society
Not elderly(<65) 15,25 84,75
Elderly(>64) 20,61 79,39
Other Responses Not elderly(<65) 12,13 87,87
Elderly(>64) 23,51 76,49
TABLE-04 What Is the Position of Women in Society? Elderly or Not Elderly BY Uses Social network or not
Uses Social network or not
Uses Social Network
Do not Use Social Network
% %Men&Women have equal roles in Society
Not elderly(<65) 23,57 76,43
Elderly(>64) 5,91 94,09
Other Responses Not elderly(<65) 11,12 88,88
Elderly(>64) 4,32 95,6817
LEVELS OF ANALYSIS EMPLOYED (Cont’d)
Level 3: Ratios of non-elderly/elderly by divergence/convergence issues by approbative dichotomies.
Example: How similar or different are the ratios of non-elderly/elderly by divergence/convergence issues by approbative dichotomies. TABLE-05 What Is the Position of Women in
Society? Elderly or Not Elderly BY Reads Paper Or Not
Reads Paper Or Not N/E N/E
Yes No Yes No
% % ratio ratioMen&Women have equal roles in Society
Not elderly(<65) 53,32 46,68 1,46 0,73
Elderly(>64) 36,46 63,54
Other Responses Not elderly(<65) 30,58 69,42 1,43 0,88
Elderly(>64) 21,38 78,62
TABLE-06 What Is the Position of Women in Society? Elderly or Not Elderly BY Paper Read
Have Big or Small Fonts
Paper Read Have Big or Small Fonts N/E N/ELarge Fonts
Small Fonts Yes No
% % ratio ratioMen&Women have equal roles in Society
Not elderly(<65) 85,71 14,29 1,02 0,90Elderly(>64) 84,09 15,91
Other Responses Not elderly(<65) 79,29 20,71 1,12 0,71Elderly(>64) 70,80 29,20
TABLE-07 What Is the Position of Women in Society? Elderly or Not Elderly BY Most watched
TV is Neutral or Flanked
Most watched TV is Neutral or Flanked N/E N/E
Neutral Flanked Yes No
% % ratio ratioMen&Women have equal roles in Society
Not elderly(<65) 15,25 84,75 0,74 1,07
Elderly(>64) 20,61 79,39
Other Responses Not elderly(<65) 12,13 87,87 0,52 1,15
Elderly(>64) 23,51 76,49
TABLE-08 What Is the Position of Women in Society? Elderly or Not Elderly BY Uses Social
network or not
Uses Social network or not N/E N/E
Uses Social
Network
Do not Use
Social Network Yes No
% % ratio ratioMen&Women have equal roles in Society
Not elderly(<65) 23,57 76,43 3,99 0,81Elderly(>64) 5,91 94,09
Other Responses Not elderly(<65) 11,12 88,88 2,57 0,93Elderly(>64) 4,32 95,68 18
OF COURSE WE CAN NOT PRESENT TO YOU ALL THE TABLES IN THE SAME MANNER
INSTEAD, WE SHALL BE PRESENTING
SUMMARY EXTRACTIONS
19
Among the group which adopts a conservative behavior (i.e. Do not read daily newspapers)
Percentage of young (not elderly) adopting an approbative value (Men&Women have equal roles in Society) = 46.6%
divided by
Percentage of elderly adopting and approbative behaviour (Men&Women have equal roles in Society)= 63.54%
Ratio =(46.6)/(63.54)
=0.73
GUIDE FOR INTERPRETING THE RATIOS
20
15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 78 81 84 870
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
FIGURE-01 PROPORTION NOT READING NEWPAPER (BY SINGLE AGES)
AGES
PROPO
RTION
NO
T READING N
EWPAPER
1516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
FIGURE-02 PROPORTION NOT READING NEWPAPER (BY AGE AND GENDER)
MalePolynomial (Male)Female
AGES
PROPO
RTION
NO
T READING N
EWPAPER
PROPORTION NOT READING NEWPAPERS
Observation:-Proportion Not reading newspapers are much higher in the older cohorts compared to younger cohorts.
Observation:1.Proportion of females not reading newspapers are higher than males in all cohorts
2.Among males, proportions decrease in young and pre-elderly cohorts
3.Male and female ratios become similar in elderly cohorts
21
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0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
FIGURE - 03 RATİO OF MALES/FEMALES WHO NOT READING NEWPAPERS(BY SINGLE AGES)
AGES
RATIO
FEMALE APPROBATIVE BEHAVIOR DISADVANTAGES AT MIDDLE AGES
Observation:
-There is a gender related social integration gap and this is against females.
-There is a female rejuvenation after age 60. After age 60, the gap narrows and closes among the very upper age cohorts
22
1 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 100 111 122 133 1440.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
FIGURE – 04 APPROBATIVE OR NOT APPROBATIVE VALUES RATIOS (SORTED UNCONJUNCTIONALLY)
Approbative
VALUES ITEMS SORTED BY RATIO
% O
F NO
T ELDERLY) / (% O
F ELDERLY)
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 1011111211311411510.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
FIGURE – 05 APPROBATIVE OR NOT APPROBATIVE VALUES RATIOS (SORTED CONJUNTIONALLY)
Approbative
BEHAVIOR ITEMS SORTED BY NO APPROBATIVE ITEMS
% O
F NO
T ELDERLY) / (% O
F ELDERLY)
MIDDLE LEVEL ACTIVITY SYNDROME (TOTAL POPULATION)
Observation:-Conservative behaviour , similar approbative values-Non conservative behaviour, approbative values start to differentiate-Differentiation starts after athreshold-Differentiation shows a bell shaped curve
23
MIDDLE LEVEL ACTIVITY SYNDROME (MALE
FEMALE DIFFERENCES)
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 1011111211311411510.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
FIGURE – 06 APPROBATIVE OR NOT APPROBATIVE VALUES RATIOS (MALES)
Action
BEHAVIOR ITEMS SORTED BY NO APPROBATIVE ITEMS
% O
F NO
T ELDERLY) / (% O
F ELDERLY)
1 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 1001111221331440.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
FIGURE – 07 APPROBATIVE OR NOT APPROBATIVE VALUES RATIOS (FEMALES)
Approbative
BEHAVIOR ITEMS SORTED BY NO APPROBATIVE ITEMS
% O
F NO
T ELDERLY) / (% O
F ELDERLY)
Observation:-There is a difference between males and females-Female threshold level is earlier (lower) then males-Female value similarities shows oscillations
24
1 4 7 10 13 16 190.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
FIGURE-08APPROBATIVE VALUES RATIOS BY
READING PAPERS OR NOT
ReadsPaperDoes not ReadPaper
1 4 7 10 13 16 190.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
FIGURE-09:ABBROBATIVE BEHAVIOR RATIOS BY
WATCHING NEUTRAL OR FLANKED TV
TV neutralTV Flanked
1 4 7 10 13 16 190.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.504.004.505.00
FIGURE-10:APPROBATIVE VALUES RATIOS BY USING SOCIAL NETWORK OR NOT
UsesSocNetDo not use SocNet
EXAMPLES OF APPROBATIVE RATIOS BY TYPE OF MEDIA AND BY TYPE OF BEHAVIOR
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718190.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.504.004.505.00
FIGURE-12: EFFECTS OF MEDIA ON APPROBATIVE VALUES
ReadsPaperTV neutralUsesSocNet
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 190.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
FIGURE-11: EFFECTS OF MEDIA ON NON-APPROBATIVE VALUES
Does not ReadPaperTV FlankedDo not use SocNet
- Observation:
- When relation with the media is of unapprobative nature, there seems to be no difference between young and the elderly on approbative values.
- -When relations with the media is of approbative nature, there appears to be adifference between young and the elderly on approbative values.
- -The visibility of divergence is most appearent with social network usage.
MEDIA AND APPROBATIVE VALUES
26
CONCLUSION
-Proportion Not reading newspapers are much higher in the older cohorts compared to younger cohorts.
-There is a female rejuvenation after age 60. After age 60, the gap narrows and closes among the very upper age cohorts
-Differentiation shows a bell shaped curve
…and may be most importantly
-Differences between not elderly and elderly in “using social network” appears to be the most differentiating factor. So converging policies would require promotion use of social network among elderly. 27
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