matika - soun bora · ÉksarCMnYybec©keTs RsavRCavnigeroberogedayelak Kwm saevOn Page 0 matika l>r...

ÉksarCMnYybec©keTs RsavRCavnigeroberogedayelak Kwm saevOn Page 0

matika

l>r eQµaHdMNaM TMB½r

1 dMNaMpÞI 2

2 dMNaMRmH 6

3 dMNaMxat;Napáa 11

4 dMNaMemÞs 16

5 dMNaMés<ekþab 21

6 dMNaMRtsk;cMNar 26

7 dMNaMRtb; 32

8 dMNaMés<exov 37

9 dMNaMxat;NaedIm 42

10 dMNaMsalad¾ 47

11 dMNaMlðúg 52

12 dMNaMel<A 57

13 dMNaMéqfav 62

14 dMNaMnenag 67

15 dMNaMpSitcMebIg 72

16 dMNaMRtav 77

17 dMNaMeb:ge):aH 82

18 dMNaMRtkYn 87

19 dMNaMRtLac 92

20 dMNaMsENþkeRTIg 97

21 kareFVICIkMb:usþieKak 102

22 kareFVICIkMb:usþiTwk 103

23 Éksareyag 104


pÞImaneRcInRbePT b:uEnþRbCaCnkm<úCaniym

daMRbePTpÞIdUg pÞIs nigpÞIGacm×man;BIeRBaH

vamantRmUvkarTIpSarCageK niggayRsYl

EfTaM.

RbePTdI

- pIÞGacduHlUtlas;elIdIRKb;RbePT

- minRtUvkarTwkeRcIn

- minGacduHlUtlas;elIdICaMTwk

-eKGacdaMva)anesÞIrenARKb;rdUv ¬Biess

cab;BIcugExvicäika-Exmkra¦ elIkElg

GMLúgeBlBIExkBaØa-Bak;kNþalExvicäika

1> dMNaMpÞI


bec©keTsdaMduH

karerobcMdI³ -P¢ÚÜrdICMerABI 15-20sgÞIEm:Rt

-P¢Ürras;[)aneRcInsar rYchaldI[s¶Üt

-elIkrgkMBs;BI25-30sgÞIEm:Rt nigman

TTwwwwwgBI 100- 120sgÞIEm:Rt

-eRbICIlamkstVb¤CIkMb:usiþEdlBukpuyl¥ cMnYn 2KILÚRkam nigCI 15>15>15

b¤CI 16>20>0 cMnYn 20-30Rkam kñúgépÞdI 1Em:Rtkaer:

-rYcP¢Ürras;lb;eTAkñúgdICMerABI10-20sgÞIEm:Rt

-bnÞab;mkerayfñaMhVúyra:dg; ¬karBarstVl¥itkuM[BaMsuIRKab;BUC¦ 7-10KILÚ

RkamkñúgmYyhikta.

kareRCIserIsdI³ -dIFUrmanCICatiRKb;RKan; nigRCabTwk)anl¥

-manPaKrydIxSac;eRcInCagdIkeNþg CaBiessdIl,ayxSac; dIl,ab;mat;

Tenø sÞwg ERBk.


rebobdaM b¤sabRKab;³ ¬eRkayBI)anelIkrg dak;CIerayfñaM eRsacTwkrY¦

-qUtCakUncg¥Úrkat;TTwgrgCMerABI 1>5-20sgÞIEm:Rt nigcenøaHrvagcg¥ÚrmYy

eTAcg¥ÚrmYyeTotKW 20-25 sgÞIEm:Rt.

-munsab RtUvykRKab;pIÞlayCamYYyepH

b¤lamkeKas¶Ütm:t;²edIm,IgayRsYlsab

-RtUvsabRKab;pIÞ2-3Rkam kñúgépÞdImYy

Em:Rtkaer: [)anesµIédnigesIþgbMput

-rYcykkMeTccMebIg b¤swøkeQImkRKbBIelIesþIg² ¬rhUtTal;EtkUnpIÞduH)an

kMBs;5-8sg;TIEm:Rt eTIbRbmUlykecj¦ ehIyeRsacTwk[eCaK

sMKal;³ krNIkUnpIÞduHRkas;eBk GñkRtUvdkFIvecjxøH ¬GacykeTAbriePaK

)an¦ edIm,I[kUnpÞIdéTeTotduHlUtlas;)anl¥ nigTTYl)anTinñpl

x<s;.


karEfTaM

eRkaydaM)an 10éf¶ KWRtUv³ - eFVIesµAnigRCMudI[pusBIelIrg RBmTaMglb;Kl;bnþic edImI,[pÞIduH

lUtlas;kan;EtelÓn

karbMb:nCI³ - ykCIG‘uyer:b¤CIkMbu:sþiTwk layTwkkñúgkMrit 1¼20 edImI,

eRsacbMb:nkñúg 1GaTitümþg.


kareRsacTwk³ -GaceRsacedaye)a:t b¤ma:sIun)aj;

-RtUveRsacTWk 2dg kñúg1éf¶ KWeBlRBWk nigl¶ac ¬kuM[eCaKCaMeBk¦

-hameRsaceBléf¶Rtg; ¬emXekþA¦ EdleFVI[rlakswøk

-GacbBa©ÚlTwkpaÞl;enAtamcenaøHrg eRkay BIdMNaMcab;b¤s ¬eRkaydaM)an5-

7éf¶¦ [mankMBs;2¼3énkMBs;rg ehIyTb;TwkrkSa[enAkñúgcenaøHrg

-eKGacbB©ÚalTwk 1-2dg kñúg1s)aþh¾¬eTAtamRbePTdI nigsItuNðPaB¦.


karkarBarstVl¥it³ -karerobcMdInigkMcat;esµA[)anl¥

-karpøas;bþÚrmuxdMNaM

-eRCIserIsBUCFn;

-eRCIserIsrdUvkal[smRsb CaedIm

karBarCm¶W³ -RtUvdaMedaybþÚrdI

-sMGatesµA[s¥at

-daMkñúgcenøaHCYrRtwmRtUv

-qab;RbmUlpl

-CaBiesseKGacykRKab;BUClayCamYyfñaMkarBarCmW¶ munnwgeFVIkardaM

duH.


karRbmUlpl

eRkaysabRKab;ry³eBl 25-30éf¶ eKGacRbmUlpl)aneRcInsar

dUcRtkYnEdr.

-kat;edImehIyTukKl;RbEvg 2-3sgÞIEm:Rt

-rYceRsacTwk nigdak;CIbEnßm ¬GacRbmUlpl)anBI 3 eTA 4dg¦

karTukRKab;pÞIeFVIBUCbnþ³ -RtUvTukva[ecjpáa-RKab; ehIyEfTaM

rhUtdl;vaTMul¥

-bnÞab;mkkat;vaykeTAhaléf¶[

s¶Üt rYcjIykRKab;

-erIsykkMeTckMTIecj[)ans¥atl¥

-ehIyRckcUldbb¤x©b;kñúgfg;Rkdas

-rkSaTukenAkñúgkEnøgNa EdlmansItuNðPaBRtCak;smRsb


RmHCadMNaM manGtßRbeyaCn_eRcInenAkñúgCIvPaBRbcaMéf¶ CaBiess

køin rsCati nigCIvCatirbs;va )aneFVI[mankarniymcUlcitþ.

RtYynigEpørbs;va RtUv)anykmkeRbIR)as;CaeRKÓgpMSsRmab;mðÚbGahar. -vaCaRbePTdMNaMRtUvkardIEdlmanCICati

-lkçxNÐdIEdlGMeNaypldl;kardaMduH KWdIRCabTwk

-RbePTdIl,ab;l,ayxSac; ¬pH= 6-6>8¦ eFVI[dMNaMRmHlUtlas;)anl¥

CaBiessdItammat;bwg sÞwg Tenø EdlsMbUreTAedaysarFatumemak

Edl)anmkBIsmasFatus¶ÜténkaksMNl;rukçCati.

2> dMNaMRmH


bec©keTsdaMduH

kareRCIserIs nigerobcMdI³ -eKRtUvP¢ÜrdI[eRCAenAeBlEdldIRss;Twk

-haldI[s¶ÜtehIyras;bMEbkdI[l¥it

-RbmUlesµAnigkaksMNl;epSg²ecj

-bnÞab;mkP¢ÜrERbdI nigras;BRgabbMEbkdI

[)aneRcInsar

-ehIyelIkrg[x<s; TTwg110-120sm

¬daMBIrCYr¦

-bnÞab;mkeTotRtUvkab;reNþACMerA 5-10sm RCuMdI[pusl¥ nigerayepH

bnþic²enA)atreNþA edIm,IkarBarRKab;BIstVli¥it.


kareRCIserIsBUC³ -BUCRmHEdleKniymdaMKW RbePTEpøFMEvg RkLaqñÞÚtRtg; Epøébtgx©I rsCati

minsUvlVIg

-eKGacrkSaRKab;BUCTukry³eBl

1-4Ex ¬elIsBI 8Ex eLIgeTA

PaKrydMNuHnwgfycuHeRcIn¦ kñúg

lkçxNÐFmµta

-kñúgkardaM eKRtÚveRbIRKab;BUC 1>5-1>8 KILÚRkam elIépÞdImYyhicta

kardaMduH RmHCaRbePTdMNaMEdlGacduHlUtlas;)aneBjmYyqñaM. munnwgdaMeKRtÚv

halRKab;eRkamBnøWéf¶ekþAry³eBl 1-2em:ag. eKGacdaMduHva)an tamBIr

rebobKW ³


daMedayRKab;pÞal;³

-eRCaydIkñúgreNþAnImYy²[pus ehIydak;

RKab;kñúgCMerA 1-2sm cMnYn 2RKab;

-rYcykCIkMb:usiþmkeray b¤ykkMeTccMebIg

Buk²mkRKbBIelI[Cit

-ehIyeRsacTWk[eCaK ¬RBWknigl¶ac¦ry³

eBl 5-7éf¶ eTIbecjBnøk

-edIm,I)anTinñpll¥ eKeRbIcenøaHCYr 60-70sm cenøaHKumÖ 30-40sm.

kardaMedaykUnbNþúH³

-bNþúHRKab;kñúgfñalb¤kenÞagbNþúH rhUt

Tal;EtRKab;duHecjsøwkdMbUg2 ragmUl

-rYcKas;kUnykeTAdaM ¬munKas; RtUveRsacTwk[eCaKry³eBl 20-

30naTI¦

-eKdaMmYyKum<mYyedIm cenøaHKum<nigCYrdUckardaMedayRKab;pÞal;Edr.


tRmUvkarTwk nigkareRsacRsB³

-cab;BIdaMrhUtdl;duHBnøk dMNaMRmHRtUvkarsMeNImmFüm

- cab;BIduHecjsøwkkMeNIt rhUtdl;ecjsøwkBitcMnYn 3-4 vaRtUv

karsMeNImxøaMgCagvKÁduHBnøk

-eRkayBIduHecjédsMrab;etageLIgrhUtdl;Epø vaRtUvkarsMeNIm

xøaMgCagvKÁnana rhUtdl;RbmUlpl

eKGaceRsacRsB)aneRcInviFI dUcCatamry³karepISm b¤tamry³

karbBa©ÚlTwkpÞal;EdlGaceFVI)an dUcCa³

-enArdUvR)aMg eKcaM)ac;RtUvbBa©ÚlTwkeTAtamcenøaHrg[eCaK cab;BI

vKÁecjpáakñúgry³eBl2-3éf¶mþg²CaRbcaM KWeFVI[RmHecjpáa)an

eRcIn nigpþl;[Tinñplx<s;

- kareRsacedaykMlaMgmnusSKW 1éf¶ 2elIk ¬RBwknigl¶ac¦tam

GRta 10m2 eRbIbrimaN 50-60lIRt kñúgmYyéf¶.


kareRCaydI nigkarkMcat;esµA³ GtßRbeyaCn_³

-eFVI[dIFUr

-Fana[mankarpøas;bþÚrbnÞúkxül;RKb;RKan;

-eFVI[RCabTwk)anl¥

-rkSasMeNIm)anyUr

-bgá[)ak;etrImanRbeyaCn_enAkñúgdIbegáInskmµPaB)ankan;EtxøaMg

- eRkayBIeRCaydI nigdaM )anry³ eBl 20-30éf¶ eKRtUvdkesµAecjBI

cMkaredayéd ¬eKminRCMu b¤eRCaydIeLIyeRBaHbNþal[dac;b£s nig

rMxandl;karlUtlas;rbs;dMNaM¦.


karRKbKl; nigedatcMNar³ -esµAs¶Üt kMe)aøk b¤cMebIgRsUv RKb[CiteBjdIeRkayBIRCMueRCaydIrYc

-bnÞab;mkEvkcenøaHTuk[TgRmHlUtecjmkelIKMrb

-edatcMNar b¤dak;sMNaj;[va varetag

eLIg CaBiesskñúgvKÁecjédetagdMbUg

GtßRbeyaCn_³ -bnßykarduHesµA nigrkSasMeNIm)anl¥

-mineFVI[dIhab; nigbnßykarhUreRcaH b¤hYtEhgnUvsarFatuciBa©wm

-rkSakMedAdI[efrl¥

-cUlrYm[b£slUtlas;)anl¥ sMrYldl;karRsUbyknUvsarFatuciBa©wm

tRmUvkarkareRbIR)as;CI³ -dMNaMenHRtUvkarsarFatusrIragÁeRcIn CaBiessCIlamkstVnigCIkMb:usþi

-dak;sarFatusrIsagÁcMnYn 10-15etan¼hicta edayras;lb;eTAkñúgdI


Epø nigkarkarBar³ -eRCIserIsEpø ¬kþib¦ sMrab;rkSaTuk[

EpøFM ¬kþibmanlkçN³Rtg; Edlman

TgFMEvg manRkLaRtg; eføasRTEvg

manBN’ébtgrelag¦

-eRkayBIeRCIserIsrYc RtUvykRkdas; mkrMuekþabkþib edIm,IkuM[ruyTicEpø

karRbmUlpl

-GacRbmUlpl)an eRkayBIpáarIkehIy

RseBan 15-20éf¶ b¤eRkayBIdaM 45-

50éf¶

-GacRbmUlpl 2-3éf¶mþg ¬GacRbmUl

plrhUtdl;8-10elIk GaRs½yeTAelIkardaMduH nigEfTaM¦

-enAtMbn;GasIu TinñplmFümBI 8-12 etankñúgmYyhikta


xat;Napáa CadMNaMEdlGacduHlUtlas;)anesÞIreBj 1qñaM vaRtUv

karsItuNðPaBTab ¬CamFüm 15-20GgSaes kñúg1éf¶¦. - ( ) - ( )

3> dMNaMxat;Napáa


bec©keTsdaMduH

kareRCIserIsBUC³

-ry³eBldaMduHxat;Napáa)anl¥BIExvicäika dl;ExFñÚ

-BUCxat;NapáaEdlsmRsb KWmanBUCRsal nig kNþal EdlmanGayu

kal 45éf¶ nig 75éf¶

kaeRCIserIs nigkarerobcMdI³

-kareRCIserIsdI

dIEdll¥sRmab;xat;NapáaKW dIl,ab;l,ayxSac; ¬PaKryxSac;TabCag

30°¦ dIRkhmx<g;rab CaBiessKWdIl,ab;mat;ERBk sÞwg bwg Tenø.


-karerobcMdI

1-RbmUlkaksMNl;esµAnigdMNaMepSg²ecjBIcMkar

2-haldI[s¶ÜtlµmmunnwgP¢Ür

3-RtUvP¢Ürnigras;bMEbkdIhaléf¶[)aneRcInelIk edIm,I[dIs¶Ütl¥ kat;

bnßykarduHesµA nigstVl¥itcéRgepSg² gayRsYlkñúgkareRsacRsB

4-munelIkrg RtUvras;nigvaybMEbkdI[l¥it ehIyelIkrg[mankMBs;

25-30sm TTwg 100sm nigbeNþaytamCak;Esþg

5-bnÞab;mkkab;reNþACMerABI 8-10sm CaBIrCYrkñúgmYyfñal cenøaHCYr

50sm cenøaHreNþA40sm


kardaMduH dMNaMRbePTenHeKdaMedaykarbNþúHkUn minGacdaMedayRKb;pÞal;eLIy³

1-erobcMfñalbNþúHkUnCamun

2-eRbIRKab;BUCl¥ 7-10Rkam ¬mYysøabRBa )ay¦ sMrab;dIfñal 10m2

)ac[esµIéd

3-ehIyeRbIfñaMhVúyra:dg; 150Rkam )actameRkay ¬karBarstVl¥it

BaMsuI¦

4-rYcRKbkMNat;cMebIgxøI² eRsacTwk[eCaK ¬TwksUluysüúgfñaMpSitedIm,I

karBarCm¶WpSiteBlkUnxat;NapáaduHBnøk¦

5-eBlkUndMNaMmanGayu 20-25éf¶ ¬mansnøwk 3-4¦ eTIbykeTAdaM


viFIsa®ésþdaMduH -mundaMRtUvdak;CIkMb:usþ 18-20etan eTAdak;kñúgreNþAelIépÞdI 1hikta

-ehIyeRCayCITaMgenaHkb;eTAkñúgdI

-eRsacTwkkUnxat;Na[eCaKkñúgry³eBl25-30naTI

-bnÞab;mkerIsdkykkUnl¥²EdlmankMBs; nigcMnYnsøwkdUcKñaeTAdak;daMtam

rgnimYYy²kñúgmYyreNþAmYyedIm ¬daMeBll¶ac¦

-daMrYcRtÚveRsacTwk[eCaKPøam


kareRsacRsB dMNaMenHminRtÚvkarTwkeCaKCaMxøaMgeLIy b:uEnþTamTarsMeNImdICab;Ca

RbcaM. eRsacTwkkñúgkMritmFüm 2dg kñúg 1éf¶ ¬RBwknigl¶ac¦ tamvKÁ

lUtlas;dUcteTA³

cab;BIdaMrhUtdl;Gayu 2GaTitü brimaNTwkEdleRbIKW 50-60lIRt

elIépÞdI 10m2¼1éf¶ ¬1éf¶ 2GMErkTwk ¦

eRkaydaM 2GaTitürhUtdl;RbmUlpl brimaNTwkRtUvekIneLIgBI

60-80lIRtelIépÞdI 10m2¼1éf¶. eKGac)aj;TwkedaykMlaMgma:sIun b¤

bBa©ÚlTwkenAtamcenøaHrgkMBs; 2¼3énkMBs;rg ehIyrkSaTwkTuk 1-2em:ag

ehIybeBa©jTwkTaMgenaHecalvij ¬Gnuvtþn_ 5-7 éf¶mþg¦.


kareRCaydI

elIkTI1³ bnÞab;BIdaM)anry³eBl 7-10éf¶³

-munRCuMRtUvdkesµACuMvijKl;ecj

-eRbIcbmuxtUcRCuM[pusdImuxelICuMvijKl; RBmTaMgvaybMEbkdIdMu[l¥it

-rYchaldIry³eBl 1éf¶ [Rss;Twk

elIkTI2³ bnÞab;BIdaM)anry³eBl 18-20éf¶³

-eRbIcbCMrHFmµtakab;RCuMdI[puseBjépÞrgmþgeTot

-ehIyekorrg[esµInigBUnRKbKl;edayeRbIdI)atrg

kardak;CI -eRbICIkMbu:sþ×TwkeRsactamKl; ehIyeRsacTwkFmµtalagtameRkay

-eRsaceRkaydaM³ 7-10éf¶ 18-20éf¶ 30-35éf¶ nig45-50éf¶


CMgW nigstVl¥itbMpøaj

k> CMgWsMxan;² dMNaMenHEtgrgkarbMpøajedayCm¶WmYycMnYn dUcCa³ CMgWs¶ÜtswøkBN’s

nigCMgWrlakpáa>>>>

karkarBar³

-RtUvkat;bnßykareRsacTwk

-bnßykarbEnßmCI

-RtUvsMGatesµArhUtdl;ecjpáa

x> stVl¥itcéRg xat;NapáaCadMNaM EdlrgkarbMpøajedaystVl¥itCaeRcInRbePT dUcCa³

-stVTakKU

-dgáÚveyaleTag

-dgáÚv)ak;xñgtUc²

-dgáÚvsuIrUgbNþÚl

-dgáÚvkat;edIm

-dgáÚvsuIsøwknigpáa>>>


karkarBar³

-P©ÜrdIhal[)anyUr nigsMGatesµAkñúgcMkar

-pøas;bþÚrmuxdMNaM

-eRCIserIsrdUvdaMduH

-eRbIGnÞak;nuynigePøIgcab;emGMe)AeTAbMpøajecal

-RtYtBinitüvtþmandgáÚvkñúgvKÁkUnjas;

kareRbIR)as;fñaMKImIksikmµ KWCaCeRmIscugeRkay ¬edImI,

suvtßiPaB nigRbeyaCn_ sUmeRbIEtfñaMKImIksikmµNaEdl)ancuHbBa¢ika

nigsUmGnuvtþ[)anRtwmRtUvtambec©keTs nigkarENnaMkñúgsøaksBaØa¦


karRbmUlpl

karRbmUlpl KWeFVIeTAtamGayukalnigsPaBrbs;páa minRtUvkat;

páaeBlEdlvaminTan;eBlkçN³ b¤páaEdlrIkxøaMgenaHeLIy eRBaHnwg

eFVI[)at;bg;Tinñplnigtémø. eKRtUvkat;ykpáaRkBuMmUl hab;ENnnigmanBN_Rss;l¥ dUcxageRkam³

BUCRsalRbmUlplcenøaHBI 45-50éf¶eRkaydaM

BUCkNþalRbmUlplcenøaHBI 65-75éf¶eRkaydaM

¬TinñplmFümkñúgRbeTseyIgBI 9-11>5 etan kñúg 1hikta¦

viFIsa®sþkñúgkarRbmUlplEckecjCa2³

sMrab;kardwkCB©ÚaneTAkan;tMbn;q¶ay²³

-RtÚvkat;enAeBlresolmuneBleRsacTwk

-bB¢ÚaneTATIRtCak;

-bnÞab;mkeRbIkaMbitmutkat;edImBI

eRkampáaRbEvg 6-7sm rkSaTuk

søwk cMnYn 7-8søwkGmpáa


-ekþabsøwkrMupáa[Cit ehIytMerobcUlkñúg

eks LaMg keBäar

-ehIyykeTATukdak;kEnøgRtCak; nig

s¶Üt ¬hameRsacTwk¦

sMrab;kardwkCB©ÚaneTAkan;TIpSarCit² b¤lk;Pøam²³

-kat;enAeBlRBlb;eRkayBImanGakasFatu

RtCak;

-eKkat;edImBIeRkampáaRbEvg 5-6sgÞIEm:Rt

rkSaTuksøwk 5-6søwk

-søwkenAeRkameKRtÚvkat;RtwmesµIpáa rIÉsøwkGmpáa 3-4snøwk ¬RtUvekþab

rMuCab;páa karBarkarb:HTgÁic¦


emÞsCad¿NaM EdleKsÁal;nigeBjniymyUrmkehIy. lkçN³

rbs;va KWmanrsCatihil eBlTMuvamanBN’Rkhm mankøinqYl

nigGaclUtlas;yUrqñaM.

kareRCIserIsBUC

BUCEdlRtUvykmkdaM KWRtUvmanlkçN³sm,tþidUcteTA³

- BUCsuT§ manRbPBc,as;las; nigpþl;Tinñplx<s;

- Fn;nwgCm¶W-stVl¥it nigmanGayukalxøI

- manlkçN³smRsbeTAnigkardaMduH

- minRbkan;rdUv KWGaclUtlas;)anRKb;rdUv

- manKuNPaBl¥ nigmandMNuHx<s;elIs85°

4> dMNaMemÞs


kareRCIserIseBlevladaMduH

eBlevlasmRsbsMrab;kardaMduHemÞsKWmanBIr³

- tMbn;licTwk³ cab;epþImBIExtula dl;Exmina ehIyGacRbmUlplrhUt

dl;Exkkáda b¤sIha

- tMbn;licTwk³ cab;epþImBIExmifuna b¤Exkkáda ehIyeFVIkarRbmUlpl

bBa©b;enAExvicäika b¤FñÚ.

kareRCIserIs nigerobcMdI

kareRCIserIsdI - dImanCICatil¥ enAEk,rRbPBTwk

- dIl,ab;l,ayxSac; FUr sm,ÚrCatimemaK nigsarFatuciBa©wmx<s;

- eCosvagkareRCIserIsdIEdldaMemÞsyUrqñaM b¤BBYkRKYsarEtmYydUcCa

eb:ge)aH/ Rtb;>>>>>>


karerobcMdI -P¢ÜrdI[)aneRCAKWedImI,[vacak;b¤s )an l¥

-RtUvras;dI[)anhµt;l¥ nigekor[)anrabesµI

-RbmUlykkMeTckMTIrukçCati nigesµAcéRg ecj[Gs;

karelIkrg -RtUvelIkrg[)anx<s;KWBI 20-30sgÞIEm:Rt ¬GaRs½yeTAtamtMbn;lic

Twkb¤minlicTwk¦

-TTwgrg³ RbsinebIdaMmYyCYr TTwgrgKW 60-80sgÞIEm:Rt/ BIrCYrTTwgrg

KW 100-120sgÞIEm:Rt¦

-beNþayrgKWGaRs½yeTAtamlT§PaBCak;Esþgrbs;dI


bec©keTsdaMduH

dMNaMemÞsGacdaMduHedaykarbNþúHkUndUcCaRtb; nigeb:ge)aHEdr.

karbNþúHkUn

ykRKab;BUCeTAsabelIfñalpÞal; rhUtdl;

vamanGayu 35-40éf¶ KWeBlvamansøwk 3-4

eTIbykeTAdaM.

edIm,I[ kUnemÞslUtlas;elOnehIyqab;

)anykeTAdaM KWmanviFIsaRsþepSgmYyeTot³

-ykRKab;emÞseTAhaléf¶ 1-2em:ag [ekþA

-rYcykeTARtaMTwkekþA]NÐ²kñúgkMrit 35-40oC ry³eBl 20-30naTI

-ehIyRtaMTwkFmµtamYyyb; eTIbRsg;ykeTAp¥ab;enAkEnøgesIm-ggwt

2yb;eTot

-bnÞab;mkRKab;BUCnwgduHecjCaBnøk ehIyGacykeTAsabelIfñal)an


10-12éf¶ eRkayBIsarYc kUnemÞsnwgmansøwk2dMbUg enaHeKGac

dkvaykeTApSaMkñúgkenÞag eRkampÞHsMNaj; b¤kñúgmøb;ry³eBl2-3

éf¶. eRsacTwk[va 1éf¶ 2dg ¬RBwk-l¶ac¦. eRkaypSaM 7éf¶

GaceRbICIG‘uyer1søabRBa)aylayTwk15lIRt eRsacva[eCaKehIy

eRsacTwkFmµtalagtameRkay edImI,[vaduHesµIKñaeføasl¥. eRkay

pSaM18-20éf¶ ¬kUnemÞsmansøwk4-5 nigmankMBs;7-12sgÞI Em:Rt¦

KWGacykeTAdaM)an.


kareRbIR)as;CI

- eRbICIkMb:usþi 7-10etan nigCI 15-15-15 cMnYn 200 KILÚRkamkñúg

mYyhicta sMrab;dak;RTab;)atmuneBldaM b¤sÞÚg.

- dak;bMb:neRkayeBldaM b¤sÞÚgry³eBl 15-20éf¶ RbePTCI 15-

15-15 cMnYn 200KILÚRkam nigCIb:UtasSÚmkørY cMnYn 50KILÚRkamkñúg

1hicta

- dak;bMb:ncugeRkaybg¥s;

KWeRkayeBlRbmUlpl

elIkTI1 RbePTCI 15-

15-15 cMnYn 100-

150KILÚRkameTAtam

sPaBlUtlas;rbs;dMNaM.


karEfTaM karEfTaMrYmman³ kareRsacRsB karsMGatesµA RCuMdI BUnKl; nigedat

cMNar.

dMNaMemÞsRtUvkarTwkmFüm ¬sMeNIm

kñúgdI65-70°¦ dUecñH³

-eRkaysÞÚg)an 3éf¶ eKRtUveRsacTwk

edayfñm²

-bnÞab;mkbB©aÚlTwk[)an 2¼3 én

kMBs;rg ehIybiTrkSaTwkenAkñúgcenøaHrgenaH.

-eKGaceRsac Twkedaye)a:terogral;éf¶b¤bB©ÚalTwk 2-3éf¶mþg ¬eTAtam

RbePTdInigGakas FatuCak;Esþg¦

eRkaysÞÚg)an 10-15éf¶ RtÚvsMGatesµAelIkTI1 eday³

-RCuMdI[pus ehIyBUnrgsarCafµImþgeTot

-nigcab;epþImedatcMNarxøI² ¬kMBs; 70-100sgÞIEm:Rt¦


karsMGatesµAnigRCuMdIelIkTI2 KWeFVIenAmuneBlecjpáa¬eRkaydaM 20-25éf¶¦

elIkTI3 KWRKan;EtsMGatesµAEtbu:eNÑaH ¬karBarkuM[dac;b¤s¦ KWenAeBl

emÞsecjEpø 100°.

karRbmUlpl

eKGacRbmUlpleRkayBIdaM b¤ sÞÚgry³eBl 65-80éf¶ nigGaRs½y

eTAtamRbePTBUC nigrdUvkal. karRbmUlplEckecjCabIEpñk³

karRbmUlplsRmab;TIpSar

eFVIeLIgenAeBlEdlemÞsTuMRsuHKña ¬emÞsEpøbnþKñaBIeRkameLIgelI¦.

karRbmUlplsRmab;Ekécñ

GaceFVIeLIgyWtCagkarRbmUlplsMrab;TIpSar 4-5éf¶ ¬edayTuk[TuM

RkhmBitR)akd edImI,ykeTAeFVICaemÞseRkom b¤TwkemÞs¦.


karRbmUlplsRmab;TukyUr

vaxusBIkarRbmUlplTaMgBIrxagelI KWminTuk[mancMnYnEpøeRcIneT eday

RtÚveFVIdUcxageRkam³

-kat;EpøEpñkxagelIecal ¬EpøEdl

manCm¶W nigrgstVl¥itbMpøaj¦

edayrkSaTukRtwmEtcMnYnsmRsb

-eBlEpøemÞsTuMBitR)akdtamGayu

kalrbs;va eKebHvaykmkrkSa

Tukry³ eBl 2-3éf¶ enAkñúgCMrkRtCak;

-bnÞab;mkeTIbvHykRKab;eTARtaMTwkry³eBl 10-12em;ag

-rYclagTwksMGatRKab;BUC nigdak;haléf¶[s¶Ütry³eBl 1-2éf¶

-cugeRkayKWykeTArkSaTukenAkEnøgs¶Üt.


-és<ekþabEckecjCa 3 RbePTeTAtamBN_énsøwk³ BUCsøwkBN’sVay

BN’s nigBN’Rkhm.

-RKab;BUCmanPaBl¥it²TMgn; 200-300RKab;¼Rkam. eKeRbIRKab;BUC

cMnYn 350-400Rkam¼hikta.

5> dMNaMés<ekþab


GMBIbrisßan

1-dI³ dIEdll¥sMrab;dMNaMenH KWdIl,b;tammat; Tenø dIRkhmx<g;rab

dIexµA nigdI BN’etñat.

2-sItuNðPaBnigBnøW³ dMNaMRbePT

enHKWRtÚvkarBnøWsRmab;karduHlUt

las;nigecjpáa.

3-sMeNImbriyakas³sMeNImbriyakassmRsbKWcenøaHBI 70-

80% ¬elIsBI 85% nwgeFVI;;;;[rlakekþab b¤rlYyKl;¦.

dMNaMés<ekþabduHlUtlas;)anenAsItuNðPaBTabbMputKW 10-12GgSaes

nigx<s;bMput 25-30GgSaes. b:uEnþsMrab;kardaMduHnigTTYl)anTinñplx<s;KW

cenøaHBI 15-25 GgSaes.


bec©keTsdaMduH

k-kareRCIserIsdUv³ KWBIExtula dl;ExkumÖ³ EdlGakasFatuRtCak;.

sItuNðPaB-BnøWsmRsb ehIystVl¥itnigCMgWminmankarratt,atxøaMgeT .

x-karerobcMdI³

1-erobcMP¢ÜrenAeBldIs¶Üt-Rss;Twk

2-ehIyras;RbmUlykesµAb¤kaksMNl;epSg²ecj[s¥at

3-eTIbP¢ÜrelIkTI1 rYchaldI 3-5éf¶ eTIbP¢ÜrelIkTI2 ¬ebIdIxVHCatikMe)ar

Gac)ackMe)ar 250-350KRk kñúg1hikta ehIyras;lb;eTAkñúgdI¦

4-P¢Ürnigras; 2-3dg [)aneRCA [xül;ecjcUl)anl¥ nigrkSasMeNIm

dI)anyUréf¶.


K-karbNþúHkUn³

-P¢ÚrdI[pusl¥ ykesµAecj rYchaldI[s¶Üt

-eFVIdI[m:t; rYc)ackMe)ar 250Rkam kñúg20m2

-elIkrgTTwg 1Em:Rt beNþay 10Em:Rt ¬rdUv

vsSargRtÚvmankMBs; 15-20sgÞIEm:Rt¦

-)acCIkMbusþ×BIelIrg ehIyras;lb;kb;eTAkñúgdI ¬hameRbICIEdlminTan;Buk

puyl¥¦

-sabRKab;BUC 7-10Rkam kñúg10m2

-rYcykcMebIgRKbBIelIrg[Rkas;lµm rYceRsacTwk

[eCaK

-eRsacTwk 2dg kñúg1éf¶ ¬RBwknigl¶ac¦

-eRkaysab 2éf¶ RtUvebIkKMrbTaMgenaHecj ehIyRKbCMnYsedaysMNaj;

BN_exµARkLajwk[Cit ¬karBarBBYkstVl¥itcéRgepSg²¦

-kUnxat;NaGayu 25-28éf¶ ¬søwk 3-4 kMBs; 8-10sm¦ Gacdkyk

eTAdaM)an


X-rebobdaMduH³

-elIkrgkMBs; 15-20sm ¬enArdUvvsSa¦ TTwgrg 1Em:Rt beNþay 10-

15Em:Rt ¬dICMralRtUvelIkrgTTwgCMral¦

-kab;reNþAelIrgCa 2CYr cenøaHCYr 70sgÞIEm:Rt cenøaHreNþA 50-60

sgÞIEm:Rt

-dak;CIlamkstV b¤CIkMb:usþiEdlBukpuyl¥eTAkñúgreNþA ¬15-20etankñúg

1hikta¦ Rcbl;lay[sBVl¥ rYceTIbykkUnmkdaM ¬1edImkñúg1Kum<¦

eRkayeBldaM RtUvbnþeRsacTwkkñúg 1éf¶¼3elIk ry³eBl 2-3éf

1-RtUvp¥akeRsacTwkkUnés< 2éf¶munnwgdkeTAdaM ¬b:uEnþenA

eBlerobdkRtUveRsacTwk[eCaK¦

2-RtUvdaMenAeBléf¶resol daMrYceRsacTwk[eCaK


karEfTaMdMNaM

k-kareRsacRsB³ dMNaMés<ekþabRtUvkarTwkCaRbcaM bu:Enþmin[eCaK

CaMeBkenaHeT CamFüm80-85°.

-kareRsacedaye)a:t ¬RBwk-l¶ac³ CamFüm70-80lIRt kñúg15m2¦

-kareRsacedayma:suIn KWmYyéf¶mþg CaBiessenAeBll¶ac

-kareRsacedaykarbBa©ÚlTwkpÞal; eKeFVIeLIgEtelIdIrabesµI nigenA

dMNak;kalés<vaekþabrYcehIy

dMNaM enHRtUvkarTwkxøaMgkñúgdMNak;kaleRkaydaM 45-50éf¶


x-karRCuMeRCaydIBUnKl; nigkMcat;esµA³

-RtUvp¥akeRsacTwkcMnYn 1éf¶ mun eBlRCMueRCaydI

-RtUvRCMueRCaydI[pus nighaldImYyéf¶eTot[esµAgab;

-rYceTIbeRsacTwk[eCaKxøaMg

karRCuMeRCaydIeFVIeLIgCa 2elIk elIkTI1³ 10-15éf¶eRkaydaM nig

elIkTI2³ 35-40éf¶eRkaydaM bnÞab;mkeKminRCMueRCaydIeToteT KWRKan;

EtsMGatesµAbu:eNÑaH edaykuM[dac;b£sEdleRBaHnwgeFVI[és<BnüareBlekþab


K-kareRbIR)as;CI³

kardak;CIIRtUvEbgEckCaeRcIndMNak;kaldUcxageRkam³

- RTab;)at³ eRbICIFmµCati 15-20etan

kñúg 1hikta

- CIbMb:n³ eRbICIkMbu:sþ×TwkeRsactamKl; rYc

eRsacTwkFmµtatameRkay

¬eRkaydaM 5-7éf¶ 18-20éf¶

30-35éf¶ nig45-50éf¶¦.

CMgW stVl¥it nigviFankarkarBar

k-GMBICMgWsMxan;²

1-RkumCm¶W³ Cm¶WBkb¤s nigCm¶WrlYyb¤s>>>

2-RkumCm¶W)ak;etrI³ Cm¶WrlYyTn; nigCm¶WrlYyexµA>>>

3-RkumvIrus³ bNþalBIBBYkécerameFVI[søwkrYj


x-GMBIstVl¥itsMxan;²

dgáÚveyaleTag dgáÚvhVÚg dgáÚvsuIkMBUlés< nigTakKU>>>

viFankarkarBar nigkMcat;CMgW

-CMgWpSit³ bnßykareRsacTwk TukdI[s¶Üt dkesµA[s¥at )ackMe)ar

Rtg;kEnøgekItCMgW.

-CMgW)ak;etrI³ bnßykareRsacTwk dkedImekItCMgWecj bþÚrmuxdMNaM

p¥akkardaMduH dutsMlab;emeraKelIfñalbNþúH

-CMgWvIrus³ )aj;fñaMpSMBIrukçCatisMlab;BBYkéc mmac RTIb nigdkedIm

TaMgenaHecal eRCIserIsBUCFn;RTaM


viFankarkarBar nigkMcat;CMgW

kMcat;stVsuIdMNaM edayeRbIfñaMpSMBIrukçCati nigkarkMcat;tamEbbemkanic

GacCYy[kardaMduHlUtlas;)anl¥RbesIr

nigrkSastVmanRbeyaCn_dUcCa BIgBag

knÞúMruy xµÚtdI stVknÞúyBIr.

karRbmUlpl

karRbmUlplRtUveFVIeLIgtamRbePTBUC³

-BUCRsalBI 70-80éf¶

-BUCkNþalBI 80-90éf¶

-BUCF¶n;manGayukalBI 90-110éf¶


munRbmUlplRtUvp¥akeRsacTwk 5-7éf¶ edIm,I[és<ekþabENnl¥. eBl

kat;RtUvrkSasnøwkexov 3-4snøwk B½T§CMuvijekþab edIm,IrkSaTuk[)anyUrkñúg

kardwkCBa¢ÚneTAkan;TIq¶ay². TinñplCamFümKWenAcenøaHBI 25-30etan¼

1hikta.


bec©keTsdaMduH

kareRCIserIsBUC

-BUCRsal³ GayukallUtlas;xøI 35-40éf¶

-BUCkNþal³ GayukallUtlas;mFüm 40-50éf¶

-BUCF¶n;³ GayukallUtlas;Evg 50-70éf¶

Rtsk;;CadMNaM RtUvkarGakas

FatuekþAmFümcenøaHBI 18-30

GgSaes. vaCadMNaMminRbkan;

rdUv nigCaRbPBénvItamIn nig

sarFatuEr:epSg².

6> dMNaMRtsk;cMNar


kareRCIserIs nigerobcMdI

kareRCIserIsdI³

Rtsk;RtÚvkardIsMbUreTAedaysarFatuciBa©wm nigmanxül;

RKb;RKan;.dIEdldaMGMbUrRtsk;eRcInelIk RtUvbEnßmCIlamk

stV 20-30etan¼hikta.

kareRCIserIsrdUv

-rdUvsmRsbbMputKWcugrdUvvsSaBIExtula dl;ExkumÖ³

-daMBIExmIna dl;Ex]sPa ¬CYbstVl¥it-CMgWeRcIn¦

-daMBIExmifuna dl;ExkBaØa ¬CYbCMgWeRcInCagstVl¥it¦


karerobcMdI³

1-RtÚvras;RbmUlykesµAnigkaksMNl;epSg²ecj

2-P¢ÜrhaldIelIkTI1 [eRCARtLb;RsTab;dIBIeRkameLIgelI nighaldI

[)aneRcIns)aþh_

3-karP¢ÜrRtÚveFVI[)an 2-3dg munnwgelIkrgdaM

4-elIkrg³

k> daMedayeRbIcMNar³ TTwgrgRbEvg 120sgÞIEm:Rt kMBs;rg 25-

30 sgÞIEm:Rt

x> daM[varenAelIdI TTwgrgRbEvgBI 80-100sgÞIEm:Rt ¬daMtamviFI

enHRtsk;manTinñplTab¦

5-kñúgl½kçx½NÐGakasFatuekþA RtUvRKbdIedIm,I[dIFUrminhab; nigrkSa

sMeNIm)anyUr.


viFIsaRsþdaMduH

1-munnwgdaM RtUvykRKab;BUChaléf¶ry³eBl 1-2em:ag

2-Tuk[RtCak;rYcykeTARtaMTwkry³eBl 4-5em:ag

3-lagRKab;[s¥at

4-ykRkNat;RClk;Twk[eCaKykmkx©b;RKab;

5-kardaM³

-eRbIcMNarbBaÄr³ cenøaHKum< 25sgÞI

Em:Rt cenøaHCYr 60sgÞIEm:Rt nigCMerA

2-3sgÞIEm:Rt dak; 2-3RKab;

kñúg1Kum< ehIy RKbBIelIedaycMebIgxøI² b¤CIFmµ

CatiBukrlYyl¥

-kardaM[varelIdI³ cenøaHKum< 50sgÞIEm:Rt

cenøaHCYr 80sgÞIEm:Rt dak; 3-4RKab;kñúg1Kum<<<

nigRKbKum< dUcKña

6-eRkaydaMPøamRtUvBinitüsMeNImdI kalNadIs¶ÜtxøaMgRtUveRsacTwkedI

m,I[RKab;Rtsk;duHesµIKña niggayEfTaM.


rebobeRsacRsB

tMrUvkarTwkEckecjCa 3vKÁ³

1-vKÁlUtlas; ¬sMeNImmFüm50-60°¦³ cab;BIRtsk;duH rhUtdl;

manpáaRkBMu. bBa©ÚlTwktamcenøaHCYrKW 1-2dg kñúg1éf¶ tamRbePTdI

nigGakasFatu ¬eRsacTwkBIelIl¥Cag¦.

2-vKÁbnþBUC nigEpø¬sMeNImmFüm60-70°¦³

GayuBI15éf¶eLIgeTA vanwgmanpáaeQµalecj

tamfñaMg¬rhUtdl;Gayu30-40éf¶¦. eRsac

bBa©ÚltamcenøaHCYr2-3elIkkñúg1GaTitü ¬eRsacelIrgCakarl¥¦.

3-vKÁecjEpø 100%¬sMeNImmFüm 50-65°¦³ eRkayRbmUlpl

)an1-2elIk kalNabBa©ÚlTwkelIsRtsk;nwgcab;ERbBN_BIébtg

eTAelOg.


kardkesµA nigRCMueRCaydI

karRCuMeRCaydI³

1> RtUveFVIenAeBlRtsk;mansøwkBitcMnYn 2 ¬10-15éf¶ eRkaydaM¦

2> RtUvRCuMdIesI² ehIyykdIBI)atrgmklb;Kl; ¬RtUvsMGatesµAmunRCMu

eRCaydI¦

karedatcMNar

1> karedatcMNar nigminedatcMNar TinñplxusKñacMnYn 3>5-4etan kñúg

mYyhikta

2> karedatcMNarCYybegáInTinñpl nigbnßykarratt,atBICMgWnigstVl¥it

céRg

3> karedatcMNarRtUveFVIeLIgeRkayBIdaMry³eBl 10-15éf¶ KWeRkay

BIRCMueRCaydI.


kareRbIR)as;CI

1> mundaMRtUvdak;CIFmµCatikñúg)atreNþABI 15-20etankñúgmYyhikta

2> ehIyRCMudIlb;[CitBIelI eTIbdaMduHtameRkay

3> 10-15éf¶eRkaymk RtÚveRbICIkMbu:sþiTwkedIm,IbMb:n bnÞab;mkeRsac

TwktameRkay

3> enAeBlRtsk;ecjpáa 100% RtUvdak;CIkMbusþ×tamcenøaHKum<

4> lb;dIeGayCit nigeRsacCIkMbu:sþiTwkbEnßm bnÞab;mkeRsacTwkeGay

eCaK


Cm¶W nigstVl¥it

1> CMgWbgáeLIgedaypSit

-CMgWrlakKl;kUndMNaM

-CMgWs¶ÜtsøwkBN_etñat

-CMgWrlYyb£snigs¶ÜtbNþÚlénedIm

-CMgWRkaemSAelIsøwk

3-CMgWbgáeLIgeday)ak;etrI

CMgWenHbgáeLIgedayRkum)ak;etrIkñúgdI CaBiess

)ak;etrI 2RbePTKW evITIsIulIy:UmdalIy:a nig

evITIsIulIy:UmGal;bUGaRtUm.

2> CMgWbgáeLIgedayvIrus

-CMgWrYjsøwkxµÚrcuHeRkam

-CMgWekagsøwkeLIgelI

-CMgWBkrelagépÞsøwkelI


stVl¥itsMxan;²

-écébtg-mmacCBa¢k;søwk-ruys-dgáÚvsuIhVÚgEpønigsøwk

viFankarkarBar nigkMcat;³

-eRCIserIsrdUv nig eRCIserIsBUCFn;

-erobcMdI[)anl¥ sMGatesµA

-kMcat;stVl¥itcéRgmuneBlvaeBjv½y


kareRbIR)as;fñaMKImIksikmµKWCaCMerIscugeRkaybg¥s; ¬edIm,IsuvtßiPaB

nigCaRbeyaCn_rbs;elakGñk sUmeRbIR)as;EtfñaMKImIksikmµNaEdl)ancuH

bBa¢ika nigGnuvtþ[)anl¥tambec©keTs nigkarENnaMkñúgsøaksBaØáa¦.


karRbmUlpl

-BUCRsal³ RbmUlpldMbUgeRkaydaM 35-40éf¶ ¬TinñplmFüm³ 8-

10etan kñúg1hikta¦.

-BUCkNþal³ RbmUlpldMbUgeRkaydaM 45-50éf¶.¬TinñplmFüm³10-

12 etan kñúg1hikta¦

-BUCF¶n;³ RbmUlpldMbUgeRkaydaM 50-60éf¶. ¬TinñplmFüm³ 10-

15etan kñúg1hikta¦

karRbmUlpl KWeRbIkéRnþkat;RtwmTgénEpø hamRbeLHykEtEpø ¬BIeRBaH

eFVI[Epøqab;ERbBN_Rkhm¦.


bec©keTsdaMduH

rdUvkaldaMduH

-rdUvR)aMg³ cab;epþImsabkUnenAExtula ehIydaMenAExvicäika nigRbmUlpl

Exmkra dl;Exmina

-rdUvvsSa³ GacsabenAEx]sPa nigdaMenAExmifuna rYcRbmUlplenA

ExsIha nigExtula ¬BiesstMbn;x<g;rab¦.

7> dMNaMRtb;

Rtb;CaRbePTbEnøm:üagsamBaØEdlRbCaCnkm<úCaniymbriePaKRbcaMéf¶.

eKGacdaMduHvaCalkçN³cMkarFM²nigCalkçN³sYnbEnøcMruHenAtamRKYsar.


karerobcMdI

1-RtUvras;RbmUlykesµA nigkaksMNl;epSg²ecjBIcMkar

2-bnÞab;mkP¢ÜrhaldI 5-7éf¶ edIm,I[gab;esµA nigBBYkstVl¥itcéRg

epSg²enAkñúgdI

3-eRkaymkeTotras;bMEbkdI[m:t; nigekordI[esµI 3-4elIk

4-elIkrgkMMMMM MMBs; 25-30sgÞIEm:Rt TTwgrg 120sgÞIEm:Rt nigbeNþay

rgtamdICak;Esþg.

kareRCIserIsBUC

- BUCmanRbPBc,as;las; ¬BUCbgáat;CMnan;TI1 b¤BUCkñúgRsuk ¦

- BUCFn;nigCMgW stVl¥it mandMNuHcab;BI 85-90%

- RKab;BUCRtUvmansuxPaBl¥ manGayukallUtlas;xøI

- smRsbtamtMbn;daMduH nigtMrUvkarTIpSar

- cMnYnBUCeRbIkñúg1hiktaBI 150-200Rkam.


kardaMduH

þ

k-karsabRKab;³

1-RtUvsMGatRKab;BUCmunnwgsabva

2-bnÞab;mkykvaeTAhaléf¶ 1-2em:ag

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rYceRsac 7-10éf¶mþg Cyy[Rtb;ecjpáa)aneRcIn.


CMgWsMxan;²

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etñat s¶ÜtedIm rlYybJs>>>

viFankarkarBar³

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man¦ cMlgtamry³Pñak;gardUc

Ca mmacCBa¢k;søwk écCBa¢k;

søwk-edImnigruys>>>

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EdlCaPñak;garcMlgemeraK.


stVl¥itcéRg

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karRbmUlpl

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bec©keTsdaMduH

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kareRCIserIsrdUv

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-GayulUtlas;xøI Tinñplx<s;

-Fn;RTaMCMgW nigstVl¥it>>>


x¼ karerobcMdI

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bec©keTsdaMduH

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las;xIø

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x¼ kareRCIserIsBUC

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karelIkrgsab

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karsabRKab;

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kardaM b¤sÞÚg

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edayTajExS[Rtg; ¬cenøaHKum< 20sgÞI Em:Rt nigcenøaHCYr

30sgÞIEm:Rt¦

-eFVIKMrbkarBarBnøWRBHGaTitüry³eBl 2-3éf¶

-kardaMedaysÞÚgRtUvkb;kUneTAkñúgdIRtwmKl;søwkEpñkxageRkam


karEfTaM³

bnÞab;BIdaMrYcRtUvyksMNaj; b¤swøkdUg-etñatmkRKbkarBarkUnsalad¾

BIkarRtUvkMedAéf¶ nigedIm,IkuM[kUnsalad¾Gn;. karRKbenHRtUveFIVCa

erogral;éf¶rhUtdl;kUnsalad¾cak;b¤sfIµnigrwgbwugl¥. dak;CIkMbu:sþ×Twk

eRkayBIdaMrYc 15-20éf¶.

-RtUvRCuMBUnKl;[)anjwkjab; edayminRtUveFIV[dac;b¤srbs;vaeT

BIeRBaHvaGaceFIV[kUnGn;

-RtUv]sSah_dkesµA enAkñúgrgbEnørbs;eyIgedaymineFVI[b:H

Bal;dl;kUndMNaMeLIy

-eRsacTwkenAeBlRBwknigl¶ac eCosvageRsacenAeBléf¶Rtg;

EdlbNþal[rlakswøk.


karRbmUlpl

karRbmUlplsalad GaceFIVeLIgeTAtamkarcg;)anrbs;GñkdaMduH b¤enA

eBlEdledImvaFMlµmGacbriePaK)an.

cMeBaHkardaMedaysabRKab;pÞal; eKGacdkrMelaHykeTAbriePaK edIm,IeFIV

[mancenøaHKum<RKb;RKan; nigGaclUtlas;)anl¥

karRbmUlplKYreFIVeLIgenAeBlRBwk nigl¶ac ¬eBléf¶lic¦. BuMKYr

RbmUlpleRkayeBlePøógrYc b¤eBlsalad¾mansMeNImeRcIneT.

kñúgkarTukdak;salad¾mankarlM)akNas; eKGacrkSaTukva)anBI 2 eTA

3éf¶ya:gyUr ¬Tukdak;Fmµta¦. EteKk¾GacTukdak;va)an 2 s)aþh_pgEdr

edayeKevcx©b;vaenAkñúges,ag)aøsiÞc rYcykeTATukdak;kñúgTURtCak;kñúgkMrit

6>5 oC nigsMeNIm 96°.


lðúgCadMNaMmYyRbePTEdlmansar³sMxan;cMeBaHmnusS nigstV. vaCa

RbPBmYypþl;nUvCIvCatiepSg²Kña dUcCaGgÁFatuEr: saFatusrIragÁ vItamInGa

nigvItamInes EdlmanKuNRbeyaCn_caM)ac;sMrab;mnusS. karbriePaKEpø

lðúgTMuGacCYykñúgkarrMlayGahar. dMNaMlðúgRtUv)anRbCaCnkm<úCadaMtaMgBI

yUryarNas;mkehIy sRmab;briePaK niglk;dUr. Epølðúgx©IeKGacykeTA

eFIVCabEnøsMrab;sør RCk; es¶ars‘ub.l.

11> dMNaMlðúg


BUC

enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCaeyIg BUClðúgmanBIrRbePTKW BUClðúgl½kç nigBUClðúg

dMLÚgb¤lðúgBgman;.

BUClðúgl½kç³

BUClðúgRbePTenH eKniymcUlcitþdaMeRBaHvaman»Carsq¶aj;Bisar. va

manedImBN’sVayrhUtdl;Fag. EpøvamanBN’ébtgxI© EpøragRTEvg man

RKab;ticenAeBlTMu mansMbk BN’elOg nigsac;Rkhm.

BUClðúgdMLÚg b¤lðúgBgman;³

BUClðúgRbePTenHeKBMusUvniymdaMeT eRBaHvaBMusUvmanrsCatiEp¥mq¶aj;

Bisar b:uEnþvagayRsYlkñúgkardaMduHCagBUClðúgl½kç. edIm nigEpømanBN’

ébtg eBlTMumanBN’elOg BMusUvEp¥mehIymanRKab;eRcIn.


viFIsaRsþkñúgkardaMduH

lkçxNÐdI³

dMNaMlðúgRtUvkardImansPaBFUrehIyRss;Twk nigsMbUreTAedayCICati

CaBiessKWdIkeNþg b¤dIl,ayxSac;.

fñalsMrab;bNþúHkUn³

-erobcMkUnfñaltUcmYy EdlmanTTwg 1Em:Rt beNþay 2Em:Rt eFIV

dMbUlRbk;swøkdUgsMrab;[manBnWøéf¶ecjcUl)an.

-Rcbl;dIl,ayRckcUleTAkñúgkUnfg;)aøsÞik b¤kenÞageFIVBIsøwketñat Edl

manRbehagenA)atsMrab;[xül;ecjcUl)an rYcdkkUnecjBIfñaleTAdak;

kñúgkUnfg; b¤kenÞagenaHsMrab;TukdaM.

-RKab;sabRtUvkb;kñúgCMerA 10mIlIøEm:Rt nigcenøaH 15mIlIEm:Rt kñúg

fñalbNþúHkUnRtUvdaM 1RKab; kñúgCMerA 10mIlIøEm:Rt enAkñúgkUnfg;)aøsÞik b¤

kenÞag.

-3-4GaTitüeRkaymk RKab;TaMgenHnwgduH ehIyGacdkkUnykeTA

daMkñúgry³eBlBI 6-10GaTitüeRkayeBlsabb¤daMRKab;rYc. TaMgenAkñúg

fñalnigkUnfg;)aøsÞikb¤kenÞag RtUv[esImCanic©EtminRtUv[eCaKCaMeBkeT.


bec©keTsdaM³

-kardaMRtUvmancMgayBIedImmYy

eTAedImmYy 2-3Em:Rt

-reNþAenHRtUvlaylamkeKa

b¤CIkMb:usþi[)ansBVl¥

-kñúgreNþAnImYy² RtUvsÞÚgkUn

lðúg 1edIm edayerIsykkUnlðúgEdl eføasl¥CageK.


karEfTaM³

k>karCMrHesµA nigeRCaydIBYnKl;³

-RtUvCMrHesµA[ )anjwkjab;nigs¥atl¥. karTukesµA[duHenACMuvijdMNaM

eRcIn GacbNþal[TinñplfycuH manstVl¥it nigCMgWepSg². TnwÞmnwgenH

RtUveRCaydIedIm[dIFUr manxül;ecjcUl gayRsYldl;dMNaMcak;b£s

nigdIpÞúkTwk)anl¥.

x>kardak;CI³

CImansar³sMxan;Nas;sMrab;dMNaMlðúg k¾dUcCadMNaMdéTeTotEdr. va

CYydl;karlUtlas;nigpþl;páaEpø. kardak;CIEtmþgenAmuneBldaM ¬RTab;

)at¦b¤enAeBlsÞÚgkUn minRKb;RKan;eT KWRtUvbEnßmCIbnþbnÞab;.

K>kareRsacTwk³ lðúgRtUvkarTwkCacaM)ac; b:uEnþminRtUvkarTwkeCaK

CaMeBkeT. ebIxVHxatTwk b¤manTwkeCaKCaMxøaMgeBk GacbNþal[karlUt

las;mankarfycuH b¤k¾gab;Etmþg. kareRsacTwkRtUvpøas;bþÚreTAtameBl

evla rdUvkal nigdMNak;kallUtlas;rbs;lðúg. kareRsacTwkeRcInhYs

k¾eFIV[dMNaMlðúggayekItCmW¶Edr.


karRbmUlpl

dMNaMlðúgcab;epþIm[plbnÞab;BIdaM)an 6 eTA 7Ex ehIyGacRbmUlpl

)anesÞIrEteBjmYyqñaM. CaTUeTAeKsMKal;fa valµmnwgRbmUlpl)anKWman

BIrkrNI³

- sMrab;ykEpøx©I KWRbmUlpl)anRKb;eBlEdlEpøvaFMlµmGacebH)an

- sMrab;ykEpøTMu KWRbmUl)anenAeBlEpøFMcas; nigmansMbkeLIgBN’

elOgeRBOg² ¬RsKal¦ eCosvagkarTMueBkenAelIedIm BIeRBaHvagay

rgkarbMpøajrbs;stVdgáÚvruy b¤naM[vaqab;rlYy

- eBlevlal¥EdlRtUvebH KWcab;BIem:ag 9RBwk dl; 3 l¶ac eRBaHva

manCatiC½rtic edayéd b¤k®nþgdgEvg.

- edIm,IkarBarkMu[RbLak;Epølðúg KWeyIgRtUveCosvagdak;vapÞal;dIbnÞab;

BIebHrYc

- eBlebHehIyRtUvbBaÄrk,alcuHeRkam edIm,IkMu[vaRbLak;C½r.


el<ACaRbePTdMNaMbEnø d¾manRbCaRbiy_PaBenAkñúgCIvPaBRbcaMéf¶. eK

EbgEckel<ACaBIrRbePTKWel<AEpøRTemoc el<AEpøEvgb¤el<ARTU. eKGacbri

ePaKel<A)aneRcInEpñkdUcCa³ Tgx©I páaeQµal nigEpø.

bec©keTsdaMduH

k-rdUvkaldaMduH

- rdUvR)aMg³ cab;BIExvicäika dl;ExkumÖ³ enAtMbn;valTMnab

- rdUvvsSa³ cab;BIEx]sPa dl;Extula enAtMbn;x<g;rab

12> dMNaMel<A


x-kareRCIserIsBUC

- BUCRtUvmanRbPBc,as;las; ¬BUCbgáat; Hybrid F1 b¤ BUCkñúgRsuk ¦

- BUCFn;nigCMgW stVl¥it-RKab;BUCRtUvmansuxPaBl¥

- GayukallUtlas;xøI smRsbtamtMbn;daMduH

- mantMrUvkarTIpSarx<s; nigmandMNuHBI 85-90%.

K-karerobcMdI

-RtUvP¢ÜrhaldI[)aneRcInsar rYcras;bMEbkdI[l¥it

-elIkrgEdlmanTTwg 180s>m kMBs;rg 25-30s>m BRgabrg[esµI

-rYckab;reNþAcMkNþalrgCMerA 20sm cenøaHreNþAnImYy² 120s>m

-dak;CIFmµCatienA)atreNþA[)aneRcIn ehIylb;dI


X-kardaMduH

ykRKab;el<AeTAdaMkñúgreNþAEdl)ankab;TukCamuncMnYn 3-4RKab; CMerA

2-3s>m. kñúg1hikta eKdaMcMnYn 4565reNþAb¤Kum< edayeRbIRKab;

BUCcMnYn 4-5 K>Rk.

g-kareRCaydI nigdkrMelaH

eKGacRCMueRCaydI[pus ehIyBUnKl; rYcBUnrgeLIgvijeRkayBIdaM

ry³eBl 15-18éf¶. eKGacdkrMlYskUnecjedayTukEt 2-3edIm kñúg

1Kum<.


c-kareRbIR)as;CI

- elIkTI1³ ykCI 15-15-15 cMnYn100K>RkkñúgmYyhikta mkeray

CMuvijKl;cMgay 20-30s>m; bnÞab;mkRCMudIlb; nigBUneLIg.

- elIkTI2³ ykCIG ‘uyer: 15-20Rkam layTwk 18-20 lIRt mk

eRsac[eCaKCMuvijKl; cMnYn 25-30K>Rk kñúg 1 hikta.

- elIkTI3³ ykCI 15-15-15 cMnYn 100K>Rk kñúg 1 hikta mkdak;

Ek,rKum<cMgay 25-30s>m ehIylb;dI[CitedIm,I[el<AlUtlas;)anl¥

nigmanEpøeRcIn.


C-kareRsacRsB

kareRsacRsBEckecjCa 3vKÁFM²KW ³

- vKÁlUtlas;rhUtdl;ecjpáaeQµal³ vaRtUvkarTwkCamFüm dUecñHRtUv

eRsacTwkry³eBl 3-4éf¶mþg.

- vKÁecjpáadl;Epø³ vKÁenHRtUvpþl;Twk[)anRKb;RKan; edIm,IrkSakarbnþ

BUC)anl¥ nigsMeNImdI)anl¥.

- vKÁEpøcas;nigTMu³ karpþl;TwkRtUvfycuHmþgbnþic² ehIyp¥akTaMgRsug

enAeBlel<Acab;epþImRbmUlpl.


CMgW nig stVl¥it

k> CMgWsMxan;²³

CMgWbgáeLIgedayRkumpSit

- CMgWrlYyKl;³ CMgWenHvaGaceFVI[kUnel<AlUtlas;exSay ehIyeFVI[

el<Agab;kñúgvKÁecjpáa .

- CMgWBBalelOgsøwk³ eraKsBaØaekItecjBIsøwkeRkamEk,rdIrIkraldal

eLIgmksøwkelI kñúgvKÁecjpáa nigEpø.

- CMgWpSitemSAelIsøwk³ Cm¶WenHGaceFVI[el<A bnßykarbnþBUC nigEpømin

rIkFM TMumineBjlkçN³)an.

- CMgWrlYykþib³ CMgWRbePTenHeFVI[kþibminrIkFM bnÞab;mkERbBN’eTACa

BN_elOgehIyrlYy.

viFankarkarBar nigkMcat; ³ P¢ÜrhaldI[s¶ÜtyUréf¶munnigdaM

kMcat;esµA[s¥at pøas;bþÚrmuxdMNaM sMGatRKab;BUCmuneBldaM eRCIserIsBUC

Fn;RTaM nigrdUvdaMduH.


CMgWbgáeLIgedayvIrus

- CMgWrYjRtYyxµÚreLIgelI EdlbNþalmkBIruys

-CMgWrYjsøwkehIyRkas;EdleFVI[EpøERbRbYlTMrg; sMbkRkas;xusBIFmµta

ehIyRkinminrIkFMFat;eLIy

-CMgWetOnigBkbJs EdleFVI[edImrYjetO ElglUtlas; bJsrbs;el<A

enaHrYjehI Bk.


-kMcat;stVl¥itCaPñak;garcMlgCMgW

-eRCIserIsBUCem)a[)anl¥

-bþÚrdInigqøas;muxdMNaM

-eRCIserIsrdUvdaMduH eRCIserIsBUCFn;RTaM

-dkedImEdlelcecjsBaØavIruseTAdutecal


x-stVl¥itcéRg³

stVl¥itPñak;garbgáeraK³ stVl¥itRbePTenHmandUcCa écébtgCBa¢k;søwk

mmacCBa¢k;søwk ruys xJúgBBaltUc² Edlbgá[ekItCMgWvIruseRcInRbePT.

stVl¥itbMpøajpÞal;³ manstVl¥itCaeRcInRbePTEdl suIbMpøajsøwk páa Epø

nigedImdUcCa³

-GeNþIkmasBN’elOg³ vasuIRtYyx©I² páa eQµal nigjI eFVI[el<Abnßy

karlUtlas; nigbnþBUC.

-Rswgel<A³ vaCBa¢k;søwk páa nigEpøtUc² eFVIeGay EpøElgFM ehIys¥úy

ElglUtlas;.

-ruyTicEpø³ ruyRbePTenH TicbBa©ÚlBgeTAkñúgEpø eFVI[EpørlYyminGac

rIkFM)an.

-dgáÚvkat;edIm³ dgáÚvRbePTenHkat;Kl;kUndMNaMx©I²kñúgvKÁlUtlas;dMbUg.


viFankarkarBar nigkMcat; ³ sMGatesµAkñúgcMkar daM[mancenøaHKum<

nigcenøaHCYr)ansmRsb pøas;bþÚrmuxdMNaM haldI[s¶ÜtyUréf¶ eRCIserIsBUC

[)ansmRsbeTAnwgtMbn;daMduH.

karRbmUlpl

karRbmUlpleFVIeLIgxus²KñaeTAtamRbePTBUC nigtMrUvkarTIpSar . Epøel<ATuM

manlkçN³sMKal;KW Epøel<AmanBN_RbepHRsGab;nigsMbkrwg. eyIgRtUv

kat;Epøel<ATaMgTgykmkTukdak;elIeFñI eTIbrkSa)anyUrEx. TinñplCa

mFümBI 14-16etan kñúg1hikta.

bBa¢ak; ³ kardaMedIm,IykEpø minRtUvkat;páaeQµaleTA eRbIR)as;[Gs;

eRcInenaHeLIy vanwgeFVIeGayRbB½n§ bnþBUCcuHexSay ¬EpøminFM ¦.


dMNaMéqfav b¤és<emIm manRbCaRbiyPaBy:agxøaMgsRmab;CamðÚbGaharRbcaM

éf¶enAkñúgcMeNambEnøCaeRcIn. eKGacykvaeTAéqñeFVICap¥k b¤éqb:Uv. dMNaMenH

manRbPBkMeNItmkBIRbeTscin eK)aneRbIR)as;vataMgBIqñaM1100 mkem :øH.

13> dMNaMéqfav


bec©keTsdaMduH

1-rdUvkaldaMduH

éqfav KWCaRbePTdMNaMEdlGacduHlUtlas;minRbkan;rdUv. b:uEnþkar

eRCIserIsrdUv vamanTMnak;TMngeTAnwgstVl¥itcéRgsuIbMpøajEdleFVI[Tinñpl

fycuH. sItuNðPaBsmRsbbMputKWsßitenAcenøaHBI 20 eTA 25GgSaes.

enARbeTskm<úCa eKGacdaMduH)anl¥enArdUvTwksRmk cab;BIEx tula

dl;Exmkra kalNaBnüaeBlrhUtdl;ExkumÖ³ b¤Exmina EtgEtTTYlrg

nUvkarbMpøajBIstVl¥itcéRgCaeRcIn. cMeBaHenAtMbn;x<g;rab eKGacdaM)anenA

rdUvvsSa eRBaHvamanlT§PaBCagrdUvR)aMg.


2-kareRCIserIsBUC

BUCCaeRcInRtUv)annaMcUl PaKeRcInCaBUCGayukallUtlas;xøI nigBUC

GayukallUtlas;mFüm cMeBaHBUCGayukallUtlas;EvgminsmRsbeTA

niglkçx½NÐénRbeTskm<úCaeLIy.

3-kareRCIserIsnigerobcMdI

kareRCIserIsdI³ lkçxNÐEdlsmRsbsMrab;eFVIkardaMduHKWdIFUr manCICati

RKb;RKan; ehIyRCabTwk)anl¥ PaKrydIxSac;eRcInCagdIkeNþg CaBiessdI

l,ayxSac; dIl,ab;mat;Tenø sÞwg ERBk.


karerobcMdI³ RtUvP¢Ürras;dI[)aneRcInsar haldI[s¶Üt elIkrgkMBs;BI

25 eTA 30sg;TIEm:Rt TTwwwwwgrgBI 100 eTA 120sg;TIEm:Rt rYcykCI

FmµCatimk)acelIrg[)aneRcInCamYyCI 15-15-15 cMnYn 150KILÚRkam

kñúg1hikta rYcras;lb;eTAkñúgdI bnÞab;mkerayfñaMhVúyra:dg; ¬Furadan¦ 7 eTA 10KILÚRkam kñúgmYyhikta ehIyeRsacTwk[eCaK.

4-kardaMduH

-munnwgykRKab;eTAdaMRtUvhaléf¶[ekþAry³eBlBI 1 eTA 2em:ag

Tuk[RtCak; rYcdak;RtaMTwkBI 3 eTA 4em:ag


-ehIylagsMGatRKab;[)ans¥at RBmTaMgykfñaMkarBarpSitmkeray

bnþic² ¬1K>RkRKab;BUC = 2RkamfñaM¦ KWfñaM hSúIENb ¬Zineb¦,

m:g;kUEhSb ¬Mancozeb¦, G½rtUsay ¬Orthocide¦

-ykRKab;BUCeTAdaMelIfñalpÞal; edaydak;kñúgCMerA 2s>m CamFüm

2RKab; kñúg1Kum< ehIycenøaHCYrnigKum< 20s>m X 20s>m

-eRkayBIdaMrYc RtUvykcMebIgs¶ÜtRKbBIelIépÞrg edIm,IkarBarsMeNIm

PaBhab;ENnéndI nigCYy[éqfavduHlUtlas;)anl¥. eRkayBIdaMrYc

RtUveRsacTwk[eCaKPøam².

5-kareRsacRsB

- vKÁduHBnøk³ enAkñúgvKÁenHcab;BIeBldaMrhUtdl;éqfavduH 100° vaRtUv

karsMeNImkñúgdIefr EtmineCaKCaMxøaMgeT.

- vKÁlUtlas;søwkBit³ eRkayBIduHBnøk 100° ry³eBlBI 7 eTA 10éf¶

éqfavduH)ansøwkBitBI 2 eTA 3snøwk vaRtUvkarTwkTabCagvKÁduHBnøk

bnþic kalNaeRsacTwkxøaMgeFVI[sMeNImdIx<s; ehIyeFVI[Kl;kUnéqfav

eRbH EdlGaceFVI[mankaryWty:avkñúgvKÁkMNkMeNItemIm.

- vKÁkMNkMeNItnigBRgIkemIm³ eRkayBIdaM)anry³eBl 15 eTA 18éf¶

éqfavcab;epþImBRgIkKl;e)a:gbnþic² eBlenaHvaRtUvkarTwknigsarFatu


ciBa©wmkan;EtekIneLIg² rhUtdl;eBlRbmUlpl. dUcenHkarbegáInkar

eRsacTwksmRsbGaceFVI[Tinñpléqfavkan;EtekIneLIg.

6-karRCMueRCaydInigdkesµA

-dMbUgRtUvdkrMlYskUnéqfavecjedayTukEt 1edIm kñúg1Kum< RBmTaMg

dkesµAecj

-ehIyykkUncbmuxtUcmkRCMudI[pusEk,r²Kum<eBjépÞrg rYcp¥akkar

eRsacTwk 1éf¶ edIm,I[dIenaHs¶Ütmanxül;ecjcUl)anl¥.

ry³eBl smRsbkñúgkarRCMueRCaydI KWRtUveFVIeLIgeRkayBIdaM)ancMnYn 15

eTA 18éf¶ kalNaBnüaeBlRCMueRCaydI emIméqfavkan;EtFM vaGacrMxan

dl;karvivDÆn_énRbB½n§bJs ehIyeFVI[emImtUcnigxøI.


7-kardak;CI

éqfavCaRbePTdMNaMRtUvkarCICatieRcIn eKGaceRbICIdUcCaCIGacm_man;

dak;muneBldaMcMnYnBI 8 eTA 10etan kñúg1hikta eRkABIenaHeToteKGac

eRbICIGacm_RCUkBukpuyyUrqñaMk¾)an. kardak;CIEckecjCa 4elIkKW ³

-elIkTI 1³ 10éf¶eRkaydaM eRbICIG‘uyer:layTwkeRsac kñúgcMnYnBI 25

eTA 30Rkam layTwk 20lIRt elWépÞdI 10m2 ehIyeRsacTwk

lagtameRkay.

-elIkTI 2³ dak;eRkayeBleRCaydI 15 eTA 18éf¶ eRkaydaM eRbICI

15-15-15 cMnYn 200Rkam elIépÞdI 10Em:Rtkaer dak;tamcenøaHKum<

ehIyRCMudIlb;[Cit.

-elIkTI 3³ 25-30éf¶eRkaydaM eRbICIG‘uyer:cMnYn 40-50Rkam lay

Twk 20lIRt elIépÞdI 10Em:Rtkaer ehIyeRsacTwklagtam eRkay.

-elIkTI 4³ 40éf¶eRkaydaM eKeRbICIG‘uyer:cMnYn 30K>Rk layCamYy

CIb:UtasüÚmcMnYn 50K>Rk kñúg1hikta dak;tamcenøaHKum< eFVI[éqfav

emImFMehIymanKuNPaBl¥.


stVl¥itcéRg nigviFankarkarBar

dgáÚveyaleTag/ dgáÚvsuIrUgkMBUl dgáÚvkat;edIm stVTakKUr

edIm,IkarBar nigkMcat;stVl¥itRbePTTaMgenHeKRtUv GnuvtþnUvviFankarmYy

cMnYndUcCa ³

- karpøas;bþÚrdI kareRCIserIsrdUv kareFVIGnam½ycMkar

karRbmUlpl

eBlsøwkERbBN’BIébtgx©IeTAébtgcas; kMBUlRtYyrbs;vaElglUt

las; edImERbBN’BIsx©IeTAsRbepH ehIy relagKµanCab;bJseBldk

enaHCadMNak; kalRtUvRbmUlpl.

TinñplCamFümenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCaeyIg GacTTYl)anBI 28-32

etan kñúg1hikta.

kareRbIR)as;fñaMKImIksikmµCaCMerIscugeRkaybg¥s; ¬edIm,IsuvtßiPaB nigCa

RbeyaCn_rbs;elakGñk sUmeRbIR)as;EtfñaMKImIksikmµNaEdl)ancuHbBa¢I

ka nigGnuvtþ[)anRtwmRtUvtamkarENnaMkñúgsøaksBaØáa¦.


nenagCadMNaMRbéBNImYy EdlduHniglUtlas;eBjmYyqñaM M ehIyvaman

lTæPaBvaretageLIgrukçCatidéTeTot edayvløirbs;edIm.

14> dMNaMnenag


bec©keTsdaMduH

k>kareRCIserIsdI nigerobcMdI

eKGacdaMnenagenAelIdIesÞIrRKb;RbePT ¬pH 4/5-8/5¦ ehIyvaGac

FanakaresImxøaMgrbs;dIrhUtdl; 92-93° énsMeNIm. eKGacdaMnenag

elIdITMnab)anedayRKan;EtelIkTYlputBITwk 10-15s>m.

karerobcMdIKYrP¢Ür[)anCMerA 20-30s>m ehIyras;bMEbk[m:t;

eTIbelIkrgEdlmanTTwg 100-

120s>m kMBs; 25-30s>m nigman

KMlatrg 3-3/5Em:Rt.

x>kardaMduH

cenøaHKum< 20-30s>m kñúgmYy Kum< 2edIm.

kardaMedayRKab;pÞal;

-ykRKab;nenageTAhal 1-2ema:g

-ehIyRtaMTwk 12ema:g nigp¥ab; 2-3éf¶

-eRkaymanduHBnøkeTIbykeTAdaMkñúgCMerA

3-4s>m ehIydak;kMeTccMebIgRKbBIelI

eTIbeRsacTwktameRkay.


kardaMedaybNþúHkUn

-eRkayp¥ab; eKGacykeTAbNþúHkñúgkenÞagry³eBl 4-5éf¶

-eBlEdlkUnnenagduHecjsøwkkMeNIt 2 eKGacykeTAdaM)an.

K>kareRsacRsB

eKGacbBa©ÚlTwk[eCaKxøaMg kñúgmYys)þah_GacBI 2-3elIk CaBiess

enAeBlecjpáa. BUCRsalminRbkan;rdUvGacecjpáa 28-32éf¶eRkaydaM.

BUCF¶n;CaBUCRbkan;rdUv ecjpáaenAeBlCak; lak;NamYy ¬BUCkñúgRsukGac

ecjpáaGMLúgeBl 90-120éf¶eRkaydaM ¦.

minRtUvTuk[nenag duHecj

søwkBit b¤ecjpáaeTIbykeTA

daMeT eRBaHvaeFVI[mankar

lUtlas;yWt.


X>karedatcMNar

dMNaMnenagRtUvdaMedayedatcMNarb£eFVIeRTIg eTIbeFVI[vaGacduHlUtlas;

)anl¥. eRkaydaM 10-12éf¶ vacab;e)aHTgecjédsMrab;etageLIg dUecñH

RtUvedatcMNarb¤eFVIeRTIgenAeBlenHvaCakarRbesIr. kMBs;eFñI RtUvputBIdI

1/8-2Em:Rt edIm,I[RsLH xül;ecjcUl)anl¥ nigGackarBarBIkarbMpøaj

rbs;BBYkstVl¥itcéRg nigCm¶WepSg².

g>kareRbIR)as;CI

edIm,I[karlUtlas;)anl¥ eKEbgEck

kardak;CICa 4dMNak;kal³

dak;RTab;)at³ CIkMbu:sþicMnYn 4-6etan

kñúgmYyhikta nigCI 15-15-15 cMnYn 100-150K>Rk b£ CI ed-Ga-eb:

cMnYn 100-120K>Rk kñúgmYyhikta.

dak;bMb:nelIkTI1³ eRkaydaM 10-12éf¶ eRbICIG‘uyer: 50-60K>Rk

kñúgmYyhikta.

dak;bMb:nelIkTI2³ eRkaydaM 20-25éf¶ edayeRbICI 15-15-15

cMnYn 100-120K>Rk kñúg1hicta dak;tamcenøaHKum< ehIykb;[CiteTA

kñúgdI.


dak;bMb:nelIkTI3³ eRkayRbmUlpl)an 2-3elIk KWkñúgry³eBl

65-70éf¶eRkaydaM edayeRbICI 15-15-15 cMnYn 100K>Rk layCamYy

CIG‘uyer: 50K>Rk kñúgmYyhikta dak;tamcenøaHKum< ehIybBa©ÚlTwkPøam.

c>karsMGatesµA nigeRCaydI

karsMGatesµA nigeRCaydIRtUveFVI[)anya:gtic 2-3elIk edIm,IbMpøaj

sMbukstVl¥itcéRg nigeFVI[dIFUr gayRsYldl;karlUtlas;.

q>Cm¶W nigstVl¥it

Cm¶W³ Cm¶WpSit nigCm¶WvIrus

stVl¥it³ ruyTicEpø RswgCBa¢k;Epø nigdgáÚv kat;edIm.

viFankarkarBar nigkMcat;

bMBk;EpSgbgðúy[)an 1-2dg kñúgmYy s)þah_.

daMduHcenøaHKum< nigcenøaHrg[)ansmRsb karBarkuM[edImKrelIKñaeRcIn

dkecaledImNaEdlmanekItCm¶Wecal ¬CaBiessCm¶WpSit nigCm¶WvIrus ¦

eRCIserIsBUCNaEdlFn; nigminRbkan;rdUv ¬ry³eBllUtlas;xøI¦

kareRbIR)as;fñaMKImIksikmµCaCMerIscugeRkaybg¥s;

¬edIm,IsuvtßiPaB nigCaRbeyaCn_rbs;elakGñk sUmeRbIR)as;EtfñaMKImIksi

kmµNaEdl)ancuHbBa¢ika nigGnuvtþ [)anRtwmRtUvtamkarENnaMkñúgsøak

sBaØáa¦.


karRbmUlpl

cMeBaHBUCRsal karRbmUlplGaceFVIeLIgeRkayeBldaMduHry³eBl

50-60éf¶ rIÉBUCF¶n; ¬BUCkñúgRsuk¦ Gacmanry³eBl 100-150éf¶.

eKGacRbmUlplnenagx©IeRkayBIecjpáa)an 10-12éf¶. kñúgry³eBl

enH EpønenagmansarFatuciBa©wmx<s; ehIymanrsCatiq¶aj;eTotpg.

-eKGacRbmUlplsMrab;TukBUC enAeBlEdlEpøTuMs¶ÜtsMbk 100°

-eKGacebHEpønenagx©IsMrab;eFVICabEnøRss;CamFümBI 15-20elIk

eKGacebHedayeRbIkUnkaMbitb£kéRnþkat; ¬hamebHedayTajpþac;BIedIm¦.

ebITuk[EpønenagFMyUréf¶ enaHeyIgminGacbriePaK)aneT eRBaHvamanCati

sés sVit RKab;rwg nigGs;KuNPaB.


-karRbmUlplEpønenagTuMsMrab;eFVIBUC eKGaceFVI)anEt 5-6elIkEt

bu:eNÑaH BIeRBaHeRkaymkedImrbs;vacuHexSay ehIyminGacbgábegáIt

EpøsMrab;eFVIBUCeTot)aneLIy.

karTukdak;RKab;BUC

RtUvbMEbkcugEpøxageRkamedIm,Irlak;RKab;ecjykmkhaléf¶ 2-3éf¶

muneBlykvaeTArkSaTuk. eRkamlkçxNÐl¥ nenagmYyEpøGacmanRKab;Ca

mFümBI 242-494RKab;.


pSitcMebIg KWCabEnød¾sMxan;EdlsMbUreTAedayCIvCati Fana)annUvsux

malPaBmnusSya:gRbéB nigmankMlaMgmaMmYnEfmeTot CaBiessCYy

begáInR)ak;cMNUlkñúgRKYsar.

kareRCIserIsTItaMg

- dIs¶ÜtminCaMTwk KµanstVl¥itcéRg

- manBn¶Wéf¶RKb;RKan; ¬sMrab;rdUv vsSa¦

- manmøb;bnþicbnþÜcenArdUvR)aMg

15> dMNaMpSitcMebIg


k- kareRtomerobcMsMPar³sMrab;bNþúH

kñúgkardaM RtUveRtomsMPar³[)anRKb;RKan;dUcCa³ e)a:teRsacpáaQUk

em:SAkMe)ar cugGgár RkNat;ekAs‘U b¤sWøkkNþb k þarBum< l¥I cbkab; kaMbit

BUefA keNþóv >>>>>>.l.

x- karerobcMvtßúFatuedImsMrab;bNþúH

edIm,ITTYl)anpll¥ GñkdaMRtUveRtomvtßúFatuedImCamun dUcCa³ cMebIg

b¤Kl;;CRBa¢aMg søwkeckeRkom edImsENþkesog kMe)aøk>>>.l.

\T§iBlelIkarbNþúHpSitcMebIg

edIm,I[karbNþúHpiStTTYl)anTinñplx<s; eyIgRtUvKitKUrGMBIdIsMrab;kar

bNþúH eRBaHpSitduHedaysardImanCICati 30° nigduHBIcMebIg 60°.


stVl¥itcéRgenAkñúgdImandUcCa³ Rsemac keNþór Cenøn dgáÚvDYg>>>.l.


- rebobTI1 eFVIkarkMcat;tamry³karkab;dI b¤P¢ÜrdIhal

- rebobTI2 )ackMe)areTAelIdIb¤layTwkeRsack¾)anEdr

- rebobTI3 eRbIfñaMBulelIdI ¬2-3GaTitümundaM enaHfñaMBulnwgsab

CatifñaM nwgmineFVI[b:HBal;eBlmnusSykpSiteTAbriePaK¦.

kareFVI;rgdaMpSitcMebIg

4>1 kareFVIrgdaMpSitenArdUvvsSa

- kab;dIhaléf¶ 2-3éf¶

edIm,IkMcat;stV l¥it nigemeraK

- kab;dICMerA 15-20s>m nigelIkrg

kMBs; 20-25s>m

- TTwgrg 60-70s>m nigmanbeNþayrg 5Em:Rt CamYyKMlatBIrg

mYYyeTArgmYyBI 60- 70s>m.


4-2 kareFVIrgdaMpSitenArdUvR)aMg ³

mincaM)ac;elIkrgdUcrdUvvsSaeT KWqaydI[rabesµI)anehIy rYcvas;eTAtam

xñatbec©keTs b¤eTAtamTMlab;rbs;GñkbNþúHCakareRsc.

TwkEdlRtUveRbIkñúgkarbNþúHpSitcMebIg

CaTUeTATwkEdleRbIsMrab;eRsacbEnøk¾GaceRbIeRsacpSit)anEdrdUcCa³

RbLay føúk RtBaMg bwg GUrCaedIm. eCosvageRbITwkGNþÚgEdlmanCatiEr:

epSg²EdlnaM[pSitduHlUtlas;min)anl¥.

rebobeRCIserIsempiSt

- empSitcMebIgEdll¥mankøindUckUnpSitcMebIgEtmþg

- empSitcMebIgEdll¥ cab;KñaCaduM² eBleyIgRc)ac;bMEbkduMenaHeyIg

eXIjEpñkxagkñúgénduMempiStmansrésFM²BN’TwkR)ak;dUcsMbukBIgBag

enABaseBj.


reboberobcMebIgelIrgdI

ykcMebIg b¤Kl;CRBa¢aMgEdl)ansMraMgsMrab;daM ykmkRClk;TwkkMe)ar

eTAtamrUbmnþdUcxageRkam³

- kMe)ar cMnYn 0/5KRk

- TwkcMnYn 100lIRt

- cMebIgb¤Kl;CRBa¢aMgcas;

- kMe)arcMnYn 1KRk

- TwkcMnYn 100lIRt

- cMebIgb¤Kl;CRBa¢aMgfµI

k¼karerobcMebIgRsTab;TImYy

-e)aHbegÁalenAsgxagk,alrgedIm,ITb;cMebIg

-rYcykcMebIg b¤Kl;CRBa¢aMg EdlRClk;TwkkMe)armkerobelIrg edayerob

kNþab;dak;pÞúyKña

-ehIymUr[ENnBIedImrgrhUtdl;cugrgkMBs; 15-20s>m


-ehIyeRsacTwkbeNþIrCan;beNþIredIm,I[cMebIgTn;ehIyhab;l¥ ¬Can;Tal;

EtecjBBuHtamcenøaHRmameCIg¦

-rYcykempiStmkQøI[m:t;ehIyerayBIelIrg ¬2kBa©b;¦ nigerayGahar

bEnßmBIelI ¬1K>Rk kñúg1Em:Rtkaer¦ XøatBIKl;kNþab; 5-10s>m.

x¼ karerobcMebIgRsTab;TIBIr

-ykcMebIgb¤Kl;CRBaa¢Mg EdlRClk;TwkkMe)ar mkerobenAelIRsTab;TI1

edayerobkNþab;dak;pÞúyKña ¬bgçitcUlkñúgbnþic¦ ehIymUr[ENnrhUt

dl;cugrg

-eRsacTwknigCan;BIelIdUcRsTab;TImYyEdr

-rYcykempiStmkQøI[m:t;erayBIelIrg ¬4kBa©b;¦ nigerayGaharbEnßm

BIelI ¬1KRk¼m2¦ XøatBIKl; kNþab; 5-10s>m dUcRsTab;TImYyEdr.


K¼ karerobcMebIgRsTab;TIbI

-eFVIdUcRsTab;TImYynigTIBIrEdr rYcykempiStmkQøI[m:t;erayBIelIrg

¬4kBa©b;¦

-erayGaharbEnßmBIelI ¬1KRk¼m2¦ cMkNþalrg edayTukcenøaHXøatBI

sgxagrgcab;BI 10-15s>m. karEdleFVIrebobenH eRBaHenARsTab;

TI3 pSit[plenAEpñkxagelI rIÉRsTab;TI1 nig2 pSit[pll¥enAEpñk

cMehogénrg.


X¼ karerobRsTab;cugeRkayeFVICaKMrb

dMNak;kalcugeRkayenHmansar³sMxan;Nas;³

-ykcMebIgmkerob[)ankMBs;BI 10-15 s>m Cakarl¥

- rYceRsacTwkdUcRsTab;TI1 2 nig3Edr b:uEnþcugeRkayenHeyIgRtUveRsac

TwkedayCan;[hab;ENnEtmþgrYcTukecalry³eBl 2-3éf¶eTIbeyIgdut

rgpSit.

-eRkayTukecalry³eBl 2-3éf¶ enAéf¶TI3 RtUvykcMebIgs¶ÜtmkCCuH

RKbBIelIépÞrgTaMgmUl[CitkMras;BI 5-7s>m

-rYccab;epþImdutBIeRkamxül; ¬dutbIkEnøg³ k,al kNþal nigcugrg¦

ehIyTukecal1éf¶

-éf¶bnÞab;RtUve)asepHecj[s¥atesµIl¥¬Tuk 30°¦rYcTukecal 1éf¶ eTot

-éf¶bnÞab;RtUveRsacTwknigCan;[hab;esµIl¥.


karEfTaM

eRsacTwkmYyéf¶mþg ¬ebIRBwkKWRBwkrhUt ebIl¶acKWl¶acrhUt¦. kareRsac

mþgRBwkmþgl¶ac naM[mansMeNImmineTogTat;enAkñúgrgpSit ¬eBleXIj

sMeNImx<s;RtUvp¥ak¦.

g¼ rebobRKbrgpSitcMebIgEdldutrYc

-eRCIserIsykkNþab;cMebIgNaEdls¶ÜtmkRKb[Cit

-b:uEnþeBlempiStduHehIy cab;epþImRKbedaykNþab;cMebIg b¤RkNat;

ekAs‘UmþgeTotedayTukcMhrEpñkxageRkamrg BI 5-7s>m sMrab;[xül;

ecjcUl)anl¥.


karRbmUlpl

pSitnwgRtUv)anRbmUlplCabnþbnÞab; eRkayBIdaM)anry³eBl 10-12éf¶. eK

eRcInRbmUlenAeBlRBwkRBlwm eCosvagTuk[pSitrIkFMeBk ¬ElgRkBuM¦ EdlbNþal

[lk;)anefak.

eRkayeBlRbmUlplpSitrYcehIy eyIgRtUveRsacTwk nigRKbcMebIgBiIelIrgvij

edIm,I[kUnpSitepSg²eTotduHlUtlas; nigpþl;plbnþeTot.


bec©keTsdaMduH

k> RbePTdI³

RtavduHl¥enAelIdIEdlmanCICati dIFUreRCA nigmansMeNImx<s; Etmin

CaMTwkeT. vak¾GacduH)anEdrenAelIdI\dæRKb;RbePT EtRtUvbBa©ÚlTwk[)an

RKb;RKan;enArdUvR)aMg. enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCaeyIg dIEdlsmRsbKWdIl,ay

xSac; nigdItammat;TenøEdlCadIl,ab;manCICati. RbsinebIdaMenArdUvR)aMg

elIdIs¶Üt RtUvkb;eTAkñúgdInUvCIkMbu:sþiedIm,IrkSasMeNImrbs;dI.

16> dMNaMRtav

Rtav KWCadMNaMmYyRbePTEdlksikreyIgniymbriePaKNas; FagRBm

TaMgsøwkx©I²rbs;va GaceFVICabEnøya:gl¥nigya:gq¶aj;Bisar. RbePTBUC

mYycMnYn Fag bNþÚlsøwkx©I² nigédRtav k¾RtUv)ancat;bBa©ÚlkñúgBBYkbEnø

ébtgEdlmanCIvCati : Ga : sMrab;Tb;sáat;CMgWxVak;man; nigeLIg)ayEPñk

rbs;kumar nigmnusSFM)aneTotpg.


x>RbePTCIRtUveRbI³

PaKeRcIneKeRbICaCIRTab;)at edaydak;CIlamkstVb¤CIkMb:usþiedIm,I[dI

kan;EtFUrl¥ kñúgkMrit 6-8etan¼1hicta ¬30-40reTHkñúgmYyhikta¦.

kardak;CIERbRbYleTAtamRbePT nigRkumdI éntMbn;nImYy².

RtavRtUvkarCIb:Utas; ¬K¦eRcInedIm,I[emImFMl¥. CIKImIEdleKniymeRbI

KWCI 15-15-15 cMnYn 200 KILÚRkam kñúg 1hikta.

kardak;CIRtUveFIVCa2elIk³

- dak;elIkTI1³ 1PaK2 dak;RTab;)at

- dak;elIkTI2³ 1PaK2 dak;eBlRtavcab;man emIm KWdak;enAcenøaHCYr

rYcRCYydIkb; .


K> kardaM³

-eRCIserIskEnøgEdlmanBnøWéf¶RKb;RKan;

-kab;Kas;dI[)aneRCACMerABI 3-4twk

-sMGatykesµAecjb¤¤RtUvP¢Ürya:gticBIrdg ehIyras;[)aneRcInsar.

RtUvdaMRtav[)aneRCA ¬CMerA 1twk¦ eRBaHemImvanwgduHlUtlas;eT,Ig

elI. manviFI 2y:ag sMrab;daMRtav³

-elIkrg ¬enArdUvvsSa ¦ nigbukdaM

¬enArdUvR)aMg¦.

-eRkayeBleFVIdIrYc eKRtUvyk

sMrammkRKbBIelIdI

-rYceRsacTwk eTIbykGERgmkbuk

reNþAGgát;p©it 1-1/5 twk nigCMerA 2-2/5twk.

-eRkayeBldaMrYceKRtYvyksøwkeck b¤søwkeQIgab;mkRKb

eKGaceRbIcugb¤ExñgRtavsMrab;daM. kalNacugb¤Exñgkan;EtFM nwgpþl;[

plkan;Etl¥. kñúgkrNIcugb¤ExñgtUc² eKRtUveFVIkarbNþúHkñúgfñalCamun

sin ehIyenAeBlvaduH)an 2-3snøwk ¬kMBs; 1-2twk¦ eTIbGacyk

eTAdaM)an.


eKGacdaMRtavqøøas;CamYyRsUv KWdaMRsUvenArdUvvsSa nigRtavenArdUvR)aMg

b¤daMcMruHCamYydMNaMepSg²eTot³ eb:ge):aH sENþkdI sENþk)ay b¤bEnø

epSg²eTot.

dMNak;kallUtlas;rbs;dMNaMRtav³

- dMNak;kalbgábegáItpl ¬ry³eBl 8s)þah_¦ CadMNak;kalcab;

epþImduHbJs nigsøwk

- dMNak;kallUtlas;søwk ¬ry³eBl 20s)þah_¦ kñúgeBlenHRtav

kMBugduHsøwkkan;EteRcIn nigkan;Etx<s;. emImk¾cab;epþImrIkbnþicmþg²

- dMNak;kalBRgIkemIm ¬rhUtdl;RbmUlpl¦ kñúgdMNak;kalenHsøwk

duHkan;Ettic ehIykan;EttUceTA² b:uEnþemImvarIkFMy:agqab;rh½s.


cenøaHCYr³

-kardaMelIkrgenArdUvvsSa

1> kMBs;rg³ 2-3twk TTwgrg³

5-6 twk beNþayrgKWtam

PaBCak; Esþg

2> cenøaHKum<³ 6-8 twk

cenøaHCYr³ 0/8-1Em:Rt

eKdaMEtmYyCYreTrelI rgmYy

-karbukdaMenArdUvR)aMg

1> cenøaHKum<³ 5-6twk cenøaHCYr³ 7-8twk

X> karEfTaM³

- eRkayeBldaMrYcRtUveRsacTwkBiessenArdUvR)aMg

- RtUvCMrHesµA[)ans¥atl¥ edIm,IbnßykarbMpøajBI stVl¥it nigCm¶W

- edIm,I[RtavcuHemIm)anFMl¥ eKRtUvRCYydI nigBUnKl; ehIyrMlYskUn

ecjxøH eRBaHRtavmanExñgEbkeRcIn.


g> stVli¥t nigCm¶W³

stVl¥itEdlbMpøajelIdMNaMRtavmanBBYkéc. karbMpøajBIstVenHeFVI[

søwkgab;RCuH. meFüa)aysMrab;kMcat;va KWeKeRbIfñaM m:aLacug cMnUn 5søabRBa

)ay layCamYyTwk 20lIRt.

kalNamankarbMpøajedayvIrus ¬ksikrehARkaR)ak;kak;¦ nigCm¶W

rlYyedImeKRtUv³

- dk nigKas;ecalPøamnUvedImekItCm¶W

- sMGatesµAkñúgcMkar nigbrievNCMuvijcMkar

- eFIVkarqøas;muxdMNaM

- bM)at;kaksMNl;eRkayeBl RbmUlpl

c> karRbmUlpl³

eKGacRbmUlplRtavrvag 6-10Ex eRkayeBldaM ¬EtBUCxøHeRbI

eBlEvgCagenH¦. eKsMKal;fa RtavGacRbmUlpl)an KweBlEdlswøkva

ERbeTACaelOgehIygab; ¬ksikrxøHKas;ykemImmkes¶anigPøk;Camunsin

eTIbsMerccitþKas;CaeRkay¦. muneBlKas; eKRtUvkat;Fagnigswøkecj

edayTukRbEvgEt 4-5twk BIdIEtb:ueNÑaH.


1>eRbIcbCIkb¤cbkab; kñúgkarKas;emImRtavelIépÞdItUc b:uEnþsMrab;épÞ

dIFM eKGacP¢Ür rYcerIsemImtameRkay.

2>emImRtavGacrkSaTuk)anry³eBl 20-30éf¶ eRkayeBlKas;

rYcedayKas;va[enACab;dIxøH² rYcehIyykmktMerobdak;bBaÄr

Cab;²Kña.

3>rYcehIyykdImkcak;CMuvijKl;emImRtav nigeRsacTwktic²enAeBl

EdleyIgrkSavaTuk.

RbsinebIrkSaTukyUreBk emImRtavGacduH ehIynaM[xUcKuNPaB

niglk;)antMélefak.


bec©keTsdaMduH

k-kareRCIserIsrdUv³ rdUvsmRsbsMrab;kardaMeb:ge)a:H KwrdUvlMehIy

cab;BIExtula dl; ExkumÖ³.

17> dMNaMeb:ge):aH

Ep¥kelIkarlUtlas; niglkçN³rUb eKEbgEckeb:ge)a:H CabIRbePT³

-RbePTlUtlas;kMNt;³ GayukallUtlas;xøI ¬BUCRsal 70-80éf¶ ¦

-RbePTlUtlas;Bak;kNþalkMNt;³ GayukallUtlas;mFüm ¬BUC

kNþal 80-90éf¶¦

-RbePTRkumlUtlas;minkMNt;³ GayukallUtlas;Evg ¬BUCF¶n; 90-

120éf¶¦.


x-kareRCIserIsBUC³ BUCmanGayukallUtlas;xøI BUCFn;RTaMnigCMgW ehIy

manPaKrydMNuHRKab;x<s; smRsbkñúgtMbn;daMduH Tinñplx<s; smRsbnig

tMrUvkarTIpSarbc©úb,nñ.

RKab;BUCeb:ge)a:H 1000RKab; manTMgn;RbEhl 2/5-3/5Rkam. eKeRbI

RKab;BUC 250-300Rkam¼hikta.

K-karerobcMdI³ RtÚvras;RbmUlykesµAecj ehIyP¢ÜrdIhaléf¶[)anyUr

éf¶rYcras;bMEbkdI[hµt;nigekor[esµI.

karP¢Ürras;[)aneRcIndg eFVI[dIFUr manxül;ecjcUlRKb;RKan; nigCYy

sMlab;BYkstVl¥icéRgepSg². enArdUvR)aMgRtUvqUtCarg[)ansmRsb ehIy

enArdUvvsSaRtUvelIkrgkMBs;BI 25-30s>m TTwgrg 120s>m karBardk;

Twk eRBaHdMNaMeb:ge)a:HminRtÚvkarTwkdk;yUreBkeT.


X-karbNþúHkUn³ ykRKab;eb:ge)a:Hhaléf¶ 1-2ema:g rYcykRKab;eTA

RtaMTwkekþA]Nð²RbEhl 35oC ¬20naTI¦ rYclagTwk[s¥at ehIyp¥ab;kñúg

RkNat;esIm 40-48em:ag eTIbykeTAsabelIfñal. 10éf¶eRkaysab eK

GacdkFIvykkUneb:ge)a:HecjxøH[regVIl edIm,I[kUnefaøsesµIKañl¥. eKGac

dkkUnykeTAdaM)ankñúgry³eBl 18-25 éf¶eRkaysab.

g-kardaMduH³ daMkñúgcenøaHKum< 70s>m cenøaHCYr 1m 1Kum<¼1edIm.

daMrYc RtUveRsacTwkedIm,IkarBarkMu[kUneb:ge)a:HsVit. RtUveRsacTwkelI

fñal[eCaK muneBldkkUnykeTAdaM ¬daMenAeBlresolb¤eBlemX

RtCak;¦.


karEfTaMdMNaM

k-kareRCaydI BUnKl; nigkMcat;esµA³ eKRtUveRCaybMEbkdI[pusrYcekor

dIBI)atrg[esµI ¬edIm,IgayRsYlkñúgkareRsacRsB¦ mkBUnKl;dMNaM. kar

eRCaydIRtUveFVIeLIgeRkaydaM 10-12éf¶. eRkaydaM 35-40éf¶ RtUvdk

esµAecj nighameRCaydI.

x-kareRsacTwk³ kareRsacTwkman bIdMNak;kalKW

dMNak;kalTI1³ cab;BIdaMduHrhUtdl;ecjpáadMbUg vaRtÚvkarTwkCa

mFüm sMeNImdIRbmaNBI 65-70 %

dMNak;kalTI2³ cab;BIecjpáadMbUgrhUtdl;Epøcas; vaRtÚvkarTwkeBj

elj sMeNImdIRbmaNBI 75-85 %


dMNak;kalTI3³ cab;BIEpøcMNas;rhUtdl;TuM vaRtÚvkarTwkmFüm dUc

dMNak;kalTI1 b¤ekInelIsbnþic.

RtUveRsacTwkCaerogral;éf¶KW enAeBlRBWk-l¶ac edayeRbIe)a:t b¤m:asIun

)aj;.

GacbBa©ÚlTwkpaÞl;enAtamcenaøHrg eRkayBIdMNaMcab;b¤s ¬eRkaydaM

5éf¶¦ KWbBa©ÚlTwk[mankMBs; 2¼3 énkMBs;rg ehIyTb;TwkrkSa[enAkñúg

cenaøHrg. 2-3 ema:geRkay TwknwgRCabcUleTAkñúgfañldMNaM. eKGac

bB©Úal 1-2dg¼1s)aþh¾ ¬eTAtamdInigsItuNðPaB¦.

K-karedatcMNar nigkat;Emk³ CaTmøab;ksikrdaMeb:ge)a:HminedatcMNar

eLIy KwTuk[vaduHlUtlas;FmµtaelIdI ¬eFVI[Epøvas¥úy nig)at;bg;Tinñpl

eRcIn¦. CaFmµta eKedatcMNarenAeBleb:ge)a:Hcab;epþImecjpáa nigRtUvkat;

rMelaHEmkxageRkammYycMnYnecjedIm,I[RsLH GackarBar)annUvkarqøg

CMgW nigCMrkstVl¥itcéRg.


X-kardak;CI³ kardak;CIRtUvEckCa bYndMNak;kal³

CMgW nigstVl¥it

k-CMgWsMxan;²³ Cm¶WpSit Cm¶W)ak;etrI nigCm¶WvIrus.

-Cm¶WpSitmaneRcInRbePT dUcCapSitelIEpø elIedImKl; elIsøwk³ CMgWpSit

exµA CMgWCaMsøwksMlak CMgWemSACaMsøwk CMgWrelokKl; CMgWrlYyb¤s

nigKl; nigCMgWpSitKl;.

-Cm¶W)ak;etrI mandUcCaCm¶WGuc exAµelI edIm søwk nigEpø

-Cm¶WvIrus mandUcCaCm¶WWrYjekagsøwk eLIgelI CMgWrYj RtYyBN’elOg CMgW

rYjexovRkem:A

dMNak;kalTI1³mundaMRtÚvdak;CIkMb:usþ b¤lamkstV ¬hameRbICIEdl

minTan;Bukpuyl¥¦ cMnYn 10-15etan¼h>t rYcras;dIlb; eTIbdaMCa eRkay

dMNak;kalTI2³ eRkaydaMry³eBl 5-7éf¶ eRsacCIkMbu:sþ×Twktam

cenøaHKum< rYceRsacTwkFmµtatameRkay

dMNak;kalTI3³ eRkaydaMry³eBl 3 s)þah_ eRsacCIkMbu:sþ×Twk

tamcenøaHKum< ¬eRkayeBlRCuMdI¦ rYceRsacTwkFmµtatameRkay

dMNak;kalTI4³ eRkaydaMry³eBl 7s)þah_ eRsacCIkMbu:sþ×Twktam

cenøaHKum< rYceRsacTwkFmµtatameRkay.


viFankarN_karBar nigkMcat;CMgW

eRCIserIsBUCFn; pøas;bþÚrmuxdMNaM b¤pa¥kdaMduH 1-2qañM bnßykareRsac

Twk sMGatesAµCaRbcaM kat;søwknigEmk[RsLH eRCIserIsrdUvsmRsb.

x-stVl¥itsMxan;²³ manstVl¥iteRcInRbePTbMpaøjsøwk páa Epø nigedIm

dUcCa³ dgáÚvkat;edIm dgáÚvhVÚgsIusøwk dgáÚvecaHEpø nigdgáÚvsIuej:>>>

eRkABIBYksIusøwk páa Epø nigedIm enAmanBYk

stVCBa¢k;CaeRcIneTot ¬EdleFVI[eb:ge)a:HekIt

manCMgWepSg²CaBiessKWCm¶Wvirus¦ dUcCamm:g;

mmacCBa¢k;søWk écébtg ruys ¬CaBiess

enArdUvekþABIExkumÖ³ dl;Exemsa¦ eFVI[eb:ge)a:H

rmUrs¶Ütsøwk bnßycMnYnEpø BnüareBlecjpaá

b¤RCuHpaá.

viFankarN_karBar nigkMcat;CMgW

eRCIserIsrdUv eRCIserIsBUCFn; erobcMdI[)anl¥¥ daM[mancnøaHKum< RtWmRtÚv

kat;Emkb¤søWkmYycMnYnecal edatcMNar cgedIm[RsLH BIdI. eyIgRtÚv

dWgBIdMNak;kalrbs;stVl¥itTaMgenaH eBlvaenAtUceTIbnwgjas; kar)aj;

fñaMpSMBIrukçCatimanRbsiT§iPaB KW)aj;enAeBll¶acRtCak;.


karRbmUlpl

- BUCEdlmanGayukalxøIKWcenøaH 55-60éf¶

- BUCEdlmanGayukalmFümKW 60-65éf¶

- BUCEdlmanGayukalF¶n;KW 65-75éf¶.

eKkat;Epøeb:ge)a:HedaykéRnþ RbesIrCagkarebHEpøedayédEdleFVI[kar

rkSaTukmin)anyUréf¶. EpøEdlRtUvebHKWGaRs½yeTAtamtMrUvkarTIpSar ¬TMu

25% b¤TMu 65%¦ b¤sMrab;Ekécñ ¬TMu 75-80%¦.

RbePTBUCkñúgRsukpþl;TinñplBI 12-16etan¼ht

RbePTBUCTMenIbpþl;TinñplBI 24-28etan¼ht.


dMNaMRtkYnman 2 RbePTKW

-RbePTTI1³ manpáaBN’sVayRsaledImBN’ébtgcas; b¤BN’Qam

RCUk søwktUcl¥itehAfaRtkYnéRBb¤RtkYnERs.

-RbePTTI2³manpáaBN’s edImBN’ébtgx©I eføas søwkFMEvgehAfa

RtkYneKak b¤RtkYns b¤RtkYncin.

bec©keTsdaMduH

18> dMNaMRtkYn

RtkYnCaRbePTdMNaMmYyEdlgayRsYldaMCagdMNaMÉeTot ehIyduHlUt

las;minRbkan;rdUveT. vaFn;RTaMeTAnwgGakasFatuekþA EtminFn;RTaMeTAnwg

PaBraMgs¶ÜteLIy. vak_CadMNaMsßitenAkñúgPaBFn;RTaM kMritdICUrb¤éRbEdr.


kareRCIserIsBUC

kareRCIserIsBUCsMrab;daMduH KWvaGaRs½yeTAtamviFIsaRsþénkardaM eRBaH

RtkYneKGacdaM)an 2 rebob KWRtkYneKak eKdaMedayRKab;BUC b:uEnþcMeBaH

RtkYnERs eKdaMedaykMNat;TgehAfasÞÚg.

kareRCIserIsBUCsMrab;daMfñaleKak

RKab;BUCRtkYneKakPaKeRcIn minsUvrg

karbMpøajedaystVl¥iteLIy.

RtUveRCIserIs ykRKab;BUCEdlmandMNuHBI 85° eLIgeTAsMrab;eFVIkar

daMduH. eKeRbIRKab; BUCCamFüm 80-100 K>Rk¼h>t.

kareRCIserIsTgsMrab;eFVIBUC

RtUvkat;TgRtkYn EdlmanfñaMgduHecjbJseRcIn nigRbEvg 25-30 s>m Ca

mFümman 3 fñaMg. RtUvrkSaTukry³ eBl 2-3éf¶ edIm,I[karduHbJsecj

)ankan;EteRcIn. kardaMedaykMNat; TgCamFüm eKRtUvkar 200>000

kMNat;¼h>t .


karerobcMdI

karerobcMdIsMrab;daMRKab;

P¢Ürnigras;bMEbkdI ehIyRbmUlykesµAecj[s¥at bnÞab;mkelIkrg[

mankMBs; 20-25s>m TTwg 100-120s>m edayykCIFmµCati CIlamk

stVRKb;RbePTmk)acBIelIkrg ¬1-2bgÁI sMrab;fñal 10Em:Rtkaer:¦ ehIy

ykCI 15>15>15 cMnYn 100-150Rkam dak;bEnßm ehIyras;lb;eTA

kñúgdI.

karerobcMdIsMrab;RtkYnTwk

P¢Ürnigras;dIERsEdlmanTwkesIm²manPøWB½TæCMuvij. munnwgras;RtUvykCI

FmµCati CIlamkstVRKb;RbePT nigCI 15>15>15 eTA)acCamun bnÞab;mk

ras;lb;eTAkñúgdI ehIyRbmUlykesµAecj[s¥at.


kardaMduH

kardaMedayRKab;

dMbUgRtUvqUtCacg¥Úr²tamTTwgrg edayeRbIcenøaHcg¥Úr 15s>m CMerA 3-

4s>m bnÞab;mkykRKab;BUCeTAeraytamcg¥Úr cMgayBIRKab;mYyeTAmYy 1-

2s>m rYclb;dIBIelIbnþic² nigraykMNat;cMebIgxøI²BIelI. eRsacTwk[eCaK

ral;éf¶ ¬mYyéf¶2dg¦ ry³eBl 4-5éf¶ RtkYnnwgduHecjputBIdI.

kardaMedaykMNat;Tg

1> ykTgRtkYnEdl)anrkSaTuk 2-3éf¶ eTAsÞÚgkñúgERsEdlmandIesIm

kñúgcenøaHCYr 40s>m cenøaHKum< 30s>m ¬mYyKum<mYyTg¦ edaykb;

fñaMgmYycUleTAkñúgdI.

2> 5-7éf¶ RtUvbBa©ÚlTwk[licry³eBlmYyyb; bnÞab;mkbeBa©jTwk

ecalmYyPaKTukmYyPaKRtaMKl;.


karEfTaM

k-karRCMuRCYydI nigdkesµA

cMeBaHkardaMedayRKab;³

-RtUvRCMuRCYydI nigdkesµA

-eRkayBIdaM)an 10éf¶ KWdkesµAecj ehIy RCMudI[pusBIelIrgRBmTaMglb;

Kl;bnþic ¬eFVIrebobenH RtkYnmanlTæPaBduHlUt las;kan;EtelÓn¦

cMeBaHkardaMduHedaykMNat;Tg³

-minRtUvRCMuRCYydIeLIy b:uEnþRtUvdkesµAecjBIERsRtkYnkñúgry³eBl 10-

15 éf¶eRkayBIsÞÚg ehIybnþdkesµArhUtdl;RtkYnduHlUtlas;CitdI


x-kareRsacTwk nigpþl;CI

GMBICMgW nigstVl¥it

GMBICMgW³

CMgWEdlekItmanenAelIdMNaMRtkYnCajwkjab;man³ CMgWBBalsøwk CMgW

rlYykUn CMgWBkedIm nigbJs.

karkarBar³ RtUvdaMedaybþÚrdI sMGatesµA[s¥at daM[mancenøaHCYrKum<

RtwmRtUv ehIyqab;RbmUlpl BiesseKGacykRKab;BUCeTAlayCamYyfñaM

sMlab;pSitmunnwgeFVIkardaMduH.

cMeBaHRtkYndaMedayRKab ; eKRtUvykCIG‘uyer:eTAlayTwk b¤CIRtaMepSg²

kñúgkMrit 1¼20 eTAeRsacbMb:nkñúgmYyGaTitümþg.

cMeBaHRtkYndaMedayTg eKRtUvbBa©ÚlTwk[)aneTogTat; minRtUv[dIs¶Üt

eT ¬dIs¶ÜteFVI[Tgrwg¦. ry³eBl 7-10éf¶ eKRtUvbEnßmCIG‘uyer: kñúgkMrit

50-70K>Rk¼h>t KWeBlERsRtkYnmanTwktic².


GMBIstVl¥it³

eKeXIjmanstVl¥itsMxan;²cMnYn 3 RbePT EtgEtsIu nigCBa¢k;søwk edIm

dMNaMRtkYnenaHrYmman³ dgáÚvhVÚg dgáÚvknÞúyEvg nigécébtg. edIm,Ikat;

bnßynUvstVcéRgTaMgenH eKRtUvmanviFankarCaeRcInrYmKña dUcCakarerobcMdI

bþÚrmuxdMNaM kareRCIserIsBUC eRCIserIsrdUvkal karkMcat;esµACaedIm.

karRbmUlpl

eKGacRbmUlplRtkYneRkaydaM)an 28-35éf¶. rebobRbmUlpl

eKeFVIeLIgepSg² BIKñaeTAtamtMrUvkarTIpSar .


RtkYneKak

PaKeRcIn eKdkTaMgbJseRkayBIeRsacTwk

[eCaKry³eBl 30naTI. müa:geTot eKGac

RcUtRtkYnEk,rdI ¬ykEtedImx©I²¦ ehIyTuk

Kl;enAnwgfñaldEdl bnÞab;mkRCMuRCYydI rYc ykCIG‘uyer:eTA)acBIelIbnþic²

ehIyeRsacTwk[eCaK RBwk-l¶ac Etkñúg ry³eBl 7-10 éf¶

eKGacRbmUlpl)anCabnþeTot. TinñplCamFüm 8-10 etan¼h>t.

RtkYnERs

eKkat;TgRtkYnry³eBl 5-7éf¶mþg eKGacRbmUlpl)aneRcIndg

GaRs½yeTAnwgkarpþl;CInigTwk RBmTaMgkarkMcat;esµApgEdr. TinñplRtkYn

RbePTenH x<s;CagRtkYneKak EttMélenAelITIpSarKWmantMélefakCag

RtkYneKak b¤RtkYns b¤RtkYncin.


bec©keTsdaMduH

eKGacdaMRtLacelIdIeRcInRbePT ehIyviFIdaMduHk¾GaRs½yeTAtamRbePT

BUC RbePTdI nigrdUvkalpgEdr.

k¼> rdUvkaldaMduH

19> dMNaMRtLac

RtLacRtUv)andaMduH nigeRbIR)as;rab;

ryqñaMknøgmkehIyenAGasuI. vaEck

ecjCaBIrRbePTKW³

-RtLacRsUv EdlenAkñúgEpøman

RKab;tUcehIymUl

-RtLaceRbgvijmanEpøFMRTEvgman

RKab;FMsMEb:tehIyGacrkSaTuk)anyUr

CagRtLacRsUv¬cMeBaHEpøTuM¦


rdUvTwksMrk³ PaKeRcInenAtMbn;TMnabmat;Tenø cab;epþImBIExvicäika ehIy

RbmUlplenAExFñÚ rhUtdl;Exkumð³.

rdUvvsSa³ PaKeRcInenAtMbn;x<g;rab-valrab cab;epþImBIEx]sPa ehIy

RbmUlpldl;Extula b¤vicäika ¬daMeFVIeFñI[vareLIgputBIdI¦.

x¼> karerobcMdI

cMeBaHdIl,ab;l,ayxSac; eKP¢ÜrdI

enAeBldI mansMeNImlµmeRkay

eBlTwkRskput.

cMeBaHtMbn;EdleKFøab;daMqøas;

CamYydMNaMRsUv eKP¢Ürnigras;eRkay

BIRbmUlRsUvrYcehIy Pøam²CYnkaleKkab;reNþAdaMeRkayBIRcUtRsUvrYceday

mincaM)ac;P¢Ürnigras;eLIy ¬RtLacduH lUtlas;-varenAkñúgKl;CRBa¢aMg¦.


K¼> viFIsaRsþdaMduH

karbNþúHkUn

RtUvhalRKab;BUCry³eBl 2em:ag rYcykeTARtaM Twkl,ayfñaMsMlab;

pSit ¬2RkamkñúgTwkmYylIRt¦ dUcCahSúIENb ¬Zineb¦ b£G½rtUsay

¬Orthocide¦ ry³eBl 20-30naTI eTIbykeTAbNþúH. kñúgmYyhicta

eKRtUvkarRKab;BUC 3 eTA 5KILÚRkam ¬100RKab; = 50 eTA 60Rkam¦.

ry³eBlBI 8 eTA 10éf¶ RtLacmansnøwkkMeNItcMnYn 2 eTIbGacykeTAdaM

)an.

kardaMduH³ mundaMRtUvkab;reNþA ehIydak;CIkMb:usþi cMnYn 0>5K>Rk nigCI

Ekg-Ekg ¬15-15-15¦ b£CI ed-Ga-eb: ¬18-46-0¦ cMnYn 100-

150Rkam kñúgmYyreNþA.

rdUvTwksMrk³ elIkrg ¬TTwgrg 300s>m¦Edlman cenøaHCYr

250s>m nigcenøaHKum< 150s>m.

rdUvvsSa³ TTwgeFñI 330s>m ¬minelIkrgeT¦ nigcenøaHKum<

150s>m.


karEfTaM

kareRsacRsB³

dMNaMRtLacminRtUvkarTwkxøaMgdUcdMNaM

«Lwkb¤Rtsk;cMNareLIy vaRtUvkarTwk

mFümdUcdMNaMel<AEdr. eKRtUveRsacTwk

mþgral;éf¶b£bBa©ÚlTwk 1-2elIk¼mYyGaTitü tamsPaBdInigsItuNð PaB.

kareRbIR)as;CI³

CIRTab;)at³ CIkMb:usþi 5-7etan kñúgmYyhicta nig CI ed-Ga-eb: ¬18-

46-0¦ 200K>Rk kñúgmYyhicta

eRkaydaM 10éf¶³ CIG‘uyer :

¬46-0-0¦ 50K>Rk kñúgmYy

hicta ¬layTwkeRsac¦

eRkaydaM 25éf¶³ CIEkg-Ekg

¬15-15-15¦ 150K>Rk kñúg

mYyhicta dak;cMgay 25s>m BIKl;.


eBlecjpáa 100°³ CIG‘uyer: ¬46-0-0¦ 60K>Rk kñúgmYyhicta ¬lay

TwkeRsac¦

eRkayRbmUlpl)anBIrelIk³ CIEkg-Ekg ¬15-15-15¦ 50-

60K>Rk kñúgmYyhicta.

karkMcat;esµA RCuMdI BUnKl; nigkat;Exñg³

eKGaceFVIesµA)ancab;BIry³eBl 15éf¶eRkaydaM ¬GaceFVIBIr-bIelIk

GaRs½yeTAtamtMbn;daMduH¦.

eKGacRCuMdI[pus ¬Rby½tñdac;b£s¦ ehIyBUnKl;[Cit b¤lb;dI[)an

2-3fñaMg ¬fñaMgEdlenAEk,rdI¦ edIm,I[fñaMgenaHduHecjb£sfµI ¬RtUvkat;søwk

ehIyBt;edImCargVg;mUleTIblb;dIBIelI eRkaymkeTIbkat;RtYyedIm edIm,I

[edImEdlkb;kñúgdIduHExñgecjmk nigecjpáa¦.


CMgW nigstVl¥it

CMgWsMxan;²man³ CMgWRkaemSAelIsøwk CMgWpSitBBaleRkamsøwk CMgWCaMsøwk

b£Epø CMgWrlYy-Bukb£sb£edIm nigCMgWEdlbNþalmkBIvIrus.

stVl¥itsMxan;²man³ écRKb;RbePT mmac mmg; ruys ruyTicEpø dgáÚv

hVÚg dgáÚvecaHEpø dgáÚvsuIpáa dgáÚvkat;edIm dgáÚvmUrsøwk nigdgáÚvsuIrulkñúgsøwk.


- eFVIGnam½ycMkar ¬kMcat;

esµAb£kat;esµAEdl duHs‘ub

RTubecal edIm,Ikat;bnßy

CMrkstVl¥itcéRg¦

- karpøas;bþÚrdInigeRCIserIs

rdUvdaMduH edIm,Ikat;bnßykarekIneLIgénBBYkstVl¥itcéRg

- eRCIserIsBUCFn;RTaM nigmanGayukalxøI

- kareRbIR)as;fñaMKImIksikmµCaCMerIscugeRkaybg¥s;.

edIm,IsuvtßiPaBnigCaRbeyaCn_rbs;elakGñk sUmeRbIR)as;EtfñaMksikmµNa

Edl)ancuHbBa¢ikanigGnuvtþ[)anRtwmRtUvtamkarENnaMkñúgsøaksBaØáa.


karRbmUlpl

karRbmUlplRtLacxusBIkarRbmUlpl«Lwk eKGacEbgEckCa 2Epñk

énkarRbmUlpl³

karRbmUlpleFVICabEnøRss;³ eKGacRbmUlplEpøx©IsMrab;eFVICabEnøRss;

eRkayBIdaM)anry³eBl 70-80éf¶.

enARbeTseCOnelOn eKdaMsMrab;eFVITwkRtLackMb:ug ¬daMduHCalkçN³

]sSahkmµb£RTg;RTayFM EdlmanépÞdIrab;Ban;hicta ehIyRbmUlpleday

m:asuIn¦.


karRbmUlplsMrab;Ekéqñ³ eKTuk[EpøRtLacTuMeLIgemSAeBjTUTaMgEpø

¬eRkayBIdaM)anry³eBl 80-90éf¶¦. eKebHEpøRtLacTuMTaMgenaHykmk

TuksMrab;yksac;mkEkéqñeFVICaRtLaceRkom b£dMNab;RtLac EdlGacyk

mkeFVICaeRKOgbEg¥mepSg².

karRbmUlplRtLacsMrab;eFVIBUC³

manlkçN³dUcCakarRbmUlplsMrab;EkéqñEdr. eKebHEpø

RtLacykmkrkSaTukry³eBl 10 eTA 15éf¶ bnÞab;mkBuH

ykRKab;RtLacmkRtaMTwkry³eBl 2 eTA 3éf¶ [rlYy

sac; eTIblagTwk[s¥at ehIydak;haléf¶ry³eBl 2

eTA 3éf¶ eTIbykmkrkSaTukeFVICaRKab;BUC)an.


20> dMNaMsENþkeRTIg

EpøsENþkeRTIgx©I GacbriePaK)anTaMgeqATaMgq¥ineTAtammux

mðÚbEdleKniymcUlcitþ. EpøsENþkeRTIgx©I sMbUreTAeday

sarFatuciBa©wmeRcInmux dUcCa³ CatiTwk RbUetGIun xøaj;

kabUnGIuRdat kal;süÚm pUsV½r Edk RBmTaMgvItamin CaeRcIn

RbePTeTot .


bec©keTsdaMduH

rdUvkaldaMduH³ GacdaM)anRKb;rdUv nigeBjmYyqñaM

-edImrdUvvsSa³ Exmifuna nigExkkáda ¬GakasFatu smRsb minsUvman

stVl¥itbMpøaj¦

-rdUvR)aMg³ daMenAedImExvicäika nig ExFñÚ.

kareRCIserIsBUC³

-BUCmanRbPBc,as;las; ¬BUCbgáat; b¤BUCkñúg Rsuk¦

-BUCsuT§ manTMhMRKab;b:unKña nigKµan sñameRbHRsaM

-BUCFn;nigCMgW stVl¥it nigmanGayu kallUtlas;xøI

-smRsbtamtMbn;daMduH nig tMrUvkarTIpSar

-eRbIBUC 15-20K>Rk¼hikta ¬dMNuH 85-90%¦


kareRCIserIs nig erobcMdI³

k-kareRCIserIsdI

- sENþkeRTIgCadMNaMminsUverIsRbePTdI b:uEnþebIdaMelIdI\dæ karlUt

las;nwgmanPaByWtya:vEdlbNþalmkBIPaBhab;ENn. pH dI³ 5,5-7.

x-karerobcMdI

kab; b¤P¢Ürras;d[)aneRcIndg ¬3dg³ kab; b¤P¢Ür ras;dIkñúgCMerA 25-

30s>m RbmUlykesµAecj[s¥at ras;bMEbkdMudI[m:t; rYchaldIry³eBl

BI 7-10éf¶

-elIkrgkMBs; ³ 15-20s>m ¬rdUvR)aMg¦ b¤ 25-30s>m ¬rdUvvsSa ¦

-TTwgrg³ 120s>m nigbeNþayrg³ tamCak;Esþg

-cenøaHKum<³ 50s>m nigcenøaHCYr³ 70s>m


kardaMduH³

k-daMedayRKab;pÞal;

-ykRKab;eTAhaléf¶ry³eBl 2-3em:ag

-daM 3-4RKab;/Kum< edaykb;eTAkñúgdICMerA 3s>m

-ykcMebIgRKbBIelI rYceRsacTwk[eCaK

-eRkaydaM)an 15éf¶ eyIgRtUvdkrMlYs ¬FIv¦ edImNaEdlGn;ecjTuk

EtedImEdll¥ 2-3edIm¼Kum<.

x-kardaMedaykUnbNþúH ³

-ykRKab;BUCeTAhaléf¶ry³eBl 2-3em:ag

-dak;RKab;BUCBI 2-3RKab; eTAkñúgkenÞagEdlbMeBjedaydIm:t; nigCI

kMbu:sþi rYclb;dIBIelIkRmas; 2-3s>m ehIyykkMNat;cMebIgRKbBIelI

nigeRsacTwk[eCaK.

-eRsacTwk 2dg kñúg 1éf¶ ¬RBwk nigl¶ac ¦

-ry³eBl3-5éf¶RKab;BUC nigduHecjsøwkkMeNIt

-ykkUnsENþkTaMgenaHeTAdaMelIrg EdlmancenøaHKum< cenøaHCYrdUcKña

nigkardaMedayRKab;.


karRCMueRCaydI³

-karRCMueRCaydI³ eRkaydaM)anry³eBl 10-15éf¶

-karsMGatesµA³ eRkaydaM)anry³eBl 25-30éf¶

kareRsacRsB³

-sENþkeRTIgRtUvkarTwkNas; b:uEnþvaminRtUvkar[Twkdk;-CaMenAkñúgrg

eT. eKRtUveRsacTwkral;éf¶ ¬RBwk nigl¶ac¦ b¤bBa©ÚlTwktamcenøaHrg

ry³eBl 5-7éf¶mþg GaRs½yelIRbePTdI nig FatuGakas

-bnÞab;BIdaM)anry³eBl 30éf¶ vaRtUvkarTwkeRcIn CaBiesseBlecjpáa

rhUtdl;eBlRbmUlpl.

kardak;CI³

- RTab;)at³ CIFmµCati 10-15etan kñúg1hikta

- bMb:n³ eRkaydaMry³eBl 7-10éf¶ eyIgeRsacbMb:nCIkMb:usþiTwk 1dg

erogral; 7éf¶ rhUtdl;eBlRbmUlpl.


CMgW nigstVl¥it

1-CMgW ³

CMgWpSit nig CMgWvIrus

-CMgWrlakKl;elIkUnsENþk

CMgWBukbJs nigCMgWrYjsøwk>>>>

karedatcMNar

-edatcMNareBlkUnsENþklUt)anRbEvgBI 25-30 s>m b¤eRkaydaM

15-20éf¶.

-rYcelIkedImsENþkdak;KgelIcMNarenaH

-BüayamelIkExñgEdlduHEk,rdIrMueTAnigcMNar

edIm,I[sENþkecjEpø)aneRcIn.


2-stVl¥it

-dgáÚvhVÚg dgáÚvmUrsøwk dgáÚvecaHEpø dgáÚvsuIej: b¤dgáÚvEpnTI>>>>

3-viFankarkarBar nig kMcat;

karkarBardMNaMmaneRcInviFIsaRsþdUcCa³ kareRCIserIsBUCFn;nigCMgW

karerobcMdI[)anl¥ karsMGatesµA karpøas;muxdMNaM karbM)at;CMrk stVl¥it

nigCMgW kardkedImEdlekItCMgWecjCa BiessCMgWvIrusEdlgayqøgbMput>>>.

eKGaceRbIfñaMEdlpSMBIrukçCatiedIm,ITb;Tl; nigstVl¥itcéRg)andUcCa³

sMbkEsøg³ 2K>Rk sMbkesþA³ 2K>Rk Kl;søwkéRK³ 2K>Rk vløibNþÚl

eBRC³ 1K>Rk TRnÞanExRt 30K>Rk Twkenam³ 20lIRt lamkeKaRss;³

2K>Rk xüg³ 4K>Rk edImrMedg³ 2K>Rk TwkFmµtacMnYn 200lIRt.


viFIsa®sþepSg³

RtaMkñúgBag³ 1éf¶kUr 2dg RtaMry³ eBl 7éf¶ GacykeTAeRbI)an.

viFIeRbIKW layTwkeRsac ¬TwkfñaM 1lIRt layTwk Fmµta 10lIRt¦.

eRsacrYc RtUveRsac TwkFmµtalagsMGattameRkay.

-kareRbIR)as;fñaMKImIksikmµCaCMerIscugeRkaybg¥s;.

karRbmUlpl

GaRs½yeTAtamRbePTBUC sENþkeRTIgGac[plkñúgry³eBl 55-75éf¶

eRkaydaM. eKebHEpøedaycab;kYrmYlRbeLHykEtkYr ehIyeRcIneFVIeLIgeBl

éf¶resol. karkat;ykkYreFVI[CYbkarlM)akeRcIndUcCa³ eFVI[kYrsENþkTuk

min)anyUr b¤kalNakat;TaMgEsñgkYr eFVI[EsñgenaHElgecjpáabnþeTot.

cMeBaHTinñpl KWGaRs½yeTAtamRbePTBUCnimYy² EdlksikrniymdaMduH

TinñplCamFümBI 10-14etan¼hikta. cMeBaHBUCEdlksikrTukedayxøÜnÉg

min)anqøgkat;kareRCIserIssMrit sMraMg RtwmRtUv pþl;nUvTinñplTabCag.

¬edIm,IsuvtßiPaBnigCaRbeyaCn_rbs;elakGñk sUmeRbIR)as;EtfñaMksikmµNa

Edl)ancuHbBa¢ikanigGnuvtþ[)anRtwmRtUvtamkarENnaMkñúgsøaksBaØáa¦.


rebobeFVICIkMb:usþ eyIgGacGnuvtþ)antamlkçN³samBaØ eTAtamFnFan

rbs;ksikrEdlKat;manenAkñúgPUminigTIkEnøgrs;enA. karerobcMreNþACIk¾

RtUvmanlkçN³samBaØEdr KW[ksikrCIkreNþAEdlmanbeNþayRbEvg 3m

TTwgRbEvg 2m CMerAreNþA 0,5m rYceFVITMnb;B½T§CMuvijmat;reNþAkMBs; 0,5m

nigRtUvRKbb£Rbk;dMbUledImI,karBarTwkePøóghUrcUlkñúgreNþACI.

FatupMS

1> vtßúFatusMrab;pSMeFVICIkMb:usþieKak³ dIEdlmanCICati lamkstVRKb;RbePT

epH sMNl;cMNIsl;BIstV kaksMNl;b¤kMeTckMTIBIpÞH)ay nigkMeTckMTI

BBYkrukçCati søwkeQI cMebIg kRnÞanExRt>>>>>>>

21> kareFVICIkMb:usþ×eKak


viFIsa®sþeFVI

1> RtUvdutrukçCatiEdlmanCm¶WedIm,Ismøab;emeraK

1> CRBa©aMkMeTckMTIEmkrukçCatiCabMENktUc²

2> erobvtßúFatupSMCaRsTab;²eTAkñúgreNþACI

¬sarFatus¶Üt 2PaK kaksMNl;ébtg

3PaK nigdIEdlmanCICati 1PaK¦

3> eBlerobRsTab;nimYy²RtUvCan;sgát;BIelI

rYcehIy RtUveRsacTwk 1sar

4> rkSakareFVIdUcenH rhUtdl;BMnUkmankMBs;mYyEm:Rt

5> RKbBMnUkCamYycMebIg søwkdUg b¤søwketñatedIm,IrkSasMeNIm

6> RtYtBinitükMritsMeNIm[)aneTogTat; nigbEnßmTwkRbsinebIRtUvkar

7> Rcbl;Rtlb;BMnUkerogral;BIrs)þah_mþgedIm,IEckrMElkkMedA

nigmIRkUsarBagÁkay[)ansBVesµIl¥

8> CIkMb:usþieKakGaceRbIR)as;)ankñúgry³eBl 4 eTA 6Ex bnÞab;BIéf¶Edl

)aneFVIva ¬enAeBlvamansPaBTn; mankøinRbehIr nigminekþA¦


cMNaM³ RbsinebICIkMb:usþieKakmin)ankac;rlYyl¥vanaM[

-manGnþrayelIsuxPaBdMNaM ¬rlaksøwk edIm nigeFIV[rlYyb¤s¦

-mankarRsUbykGasUtecjBIdI nigrukçCatiedIm,ICYykac;vtßúFatupSM rlYy

-mankarcMlgCMgWeTArukçCati ¬)ak;etrI pSit>>>>>¦ nigmankøinminl¥


FatupMS

vtßúFatupSM cMnYn

kRnÞanExRt 5 KILÚRkam

sárBag ¬TwkrgUr¦ 1 KILÚRkam

RtI 1 KILÚRkam

xüg 5 KILÚRkam

lamkeKaRss; 10 KILÚRkam

TwkenameKa-RkbI 10 lIRt

bbrs 2 kMb:ug

Twk 30 lIRt

22> kareFVICIkMb:usþ×Twk


viFIsa®sþeFVI

1> RbmUlvtßúFatupSMeFVICIkMb:usþiTwk

2> CRBa©aMvtßúFatupSMeFVICIkMb:usþiCabMENktUc²

3>dak;vtßúFatupSMeFVICIkMb:usþitamcMnYnsmRsbTaMgGs;cUleTA

kñúg)avRkecA

4> Bnøic)avRkecAcUleTAkñúgBagehIyRtMap¥ab;ry³eBlBI 2

eTA 3s)aþh_ rhUtdl;vtßúFatupSMeFVICIkMb:usþieLIgrlYy

5> muneBleRbIR)as;RtUvlayTwkCIemkMb:usþimYylIRt CamYy

Twk 16 eTA 20lIRt ¬cMnYnTwk16b¤20lIRt GaRs½y

eTAelIkMhab;rbs;vtßúFatupSM¦

6> eRbIR)as;TwkEdllayenHedIm,I)aj;eTAelIdMNaM


cMNaM³ eRkayBIeRsacb¤)aj;CIkMb:usþiTwkelIdMNaMrYc caM)ac;RtUveRsacTwkFmµta

edIm,Ilagsm¥atCIEdlCab;enAelIsøwknigbNþÚlecj BIeRBaHvagayeFVI[

dMNaMrlYy.

KuNsm,tþirbs;CIkMb:usþieKaknigTwk ³ CaRbePTCIEdlmanKuNPaBl¥bMput

gayRsYleRbIR)as; mineRKaHfñak; GaceFVIxøÜnÉg)an snSMfvika CYyEklMG

KuNPaBdIERsrbs;Gñk[l¥CalMdab;.


Éksareyag³

1> dMNaMés<ekþab/ naykdæanpSBVpSayksikmµ qñaM 2005

2> dMNaMpSitcMebIg/ naykdæanpSBVpSayksikmµ qñaM 2005

3> dMNaMRtsk;cMNar/ naykdæanpSBVpSayksikmµ qñaM 2005

4> dMNaMxat;Napáa/ naykdæanpSBVpSayksikmµ qñaM 2005

5> dMNaMRtLac/ naykdæanpSBVpSayksikmµ qñaM 2005

6> dMNaMés<exov/ naykdæanpSBVpSayksikmµ qñaM 2005

7> dMNaMnenag/ naykdæanpSBVpSayksikmµ qñaM 2005

8> dMNaMéqfav/ naykdæanpSBVpSayksikmµ qñaM 2005

9> dMNaMRtb;/ naykdæanpSBVpSayksikmµ qñaM 2005

10> dMNaMel<A/ naykdæanpSBVpSayksikmµ qñaM 2005

11> dMNaMRtkYn/ naykdæanpSBVpSayksikmµ qñaM 2005

12> dMNaMxat;NaedIm/ naykdæanpSBVpSayksikmµ qñaM 2005

13> dMNaMRtav/ naykdæanpSBVpSayksikmµ qñaM 2008

14> KuNPaBplitkmµdMNaMbEnø/ KMerag eGKIb 2005

15> dMNaMbEnøenAkm<úCa/ elak mu:gva:n;DI/ sßanIyk,alekaH 2002

16> sYnbEnøCalkçN³RKYsar/ narIGnþrCatiedIm,IGPivDÆn_/ 1999

17> ÉksarsMeNrrbs;elak mu:gva:n;DI/ sßanIyk,alekaH

18> bTBiesaFn_nanarbs;GñkpSBVpSay/ qñaM 2011

19> GuInF½rENt>>>>

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