Manchester: From Agriculture to Industry
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Transcript of Manchester: From Agriculture to Industry
Medieval Agriculture methods
18th Century Farming Methods
Who lives in the Manor?
1. The nobility• Nobility, or Peers (Dukes, Earls, Marquesses, Viscounts, Barons) =
about 1,000 people, or 0.2% of the population. • Male peers have an automatic seat in government in the House of
Lords
A peer and peeress in the eighteenth century
A noble residence
2. The Landed Gentry
• Are known as ‘Gentlemen’ (or, ‘Mr’)• There were only about 20,000 landed gentlemen in England in 1800• They are represented in the House of Commons (they were not
nobility)• By 1800, this group owned about 33% of the cultivated land in Britain
A landed Gentleman and Gentlewoman in the 18th century
A typical residence of the landed Gentry, 18th century
Who works in the fields?
Tenant Farmers
Tenant Farmers• Rent a house and the right to farm the Landlord’s land• Give a proportion of their profit to the Landlord as rent• Keep the rest for their own profit
Cottagers
Cottagers• Generally rent no rights to farm land, only a very small cottage from
the Landlord.• Use the common land to feed themselves.
Innovation 1: The four-field system
Innovation no. 2: Selective Breeding
The Leicester Longwool
Bakewell’s Shorthorn cow
Innovation no. 3: New technology
Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill, 1762
The Enclosure Act 1773
The Spinning Jenny 1764
James Watt’s Steam Engine 1784
Lancashire Coal Mines
The Steam Engine
Roads in 1720
1740
1770
Manchester during the Industrial Revolution
Terraced housing in Northern England
Women’s factory