Maintaining and Troubleshooting Windows 2000 and XP
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Transcript of Maintaining and Troubleshooting Windows 2000 and XP
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
Maintaining and Troubleshooting
Windows 2000 and XPChapter 15
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
• In this chapter, you will learn to
– Maintain Windows 2000/XP
– Optimize Windows 2000/XP
– Troubleshoot Windows 2000/XP
Overview
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Maintaining Windows
CompTIA A+Essentials
Essentials
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Patches, Updates, Service Packs
• Windows updated regularly– Flaws, bugs, program errors found and corrected
• Windows Update– Allows automatic
updating of systemsover Internet
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Automatic Updates
• Automatic (recommended)– Updates downloaded and installed automatically
• Download updates for me– Updates downloaded but not installed automatically
• Notify me– User notified when updates are available
• Turn off Automatic Updates– No automatic updates
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User Accounts and Groups
• User account needed to log on to system– Only account after install is Administrator
• Groups used to assign rights and permissions to groups of users
• Two groups created by default– Administrators– Guests (disabled by default)
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Users and Passwords (2000)
• Force user logon– Users must enter a user name and password
• Administrator account– Not recommended for
regular use– Additional account created
for regular use
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Create New Users (2000)
• Access Users and Passwords applet from Control Panel– Creates user name and password– Can add users to groups– Standard Users—Power Users group
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Managing Users in XP
• Users and Passwords applet in Control Panel– Similar to Users and
Passwords in 2000
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Managing Users in XP
• Two possible logon screens– User name and Password boxes– Welcome screen
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Managing Users in XP
• Account types– Computer administrator (member of administrators
group)– Limited account (member of local users group)– Accounts can be changed
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Fast User Switching
• Allows users to switch between sessions– One user doesn’t need to log off while another
user logs on– Both sessions active (though only one visible at
a time)
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Password Security
• Never give out passwords over the phone
• Use strong passwords– At least 6 to 8 characters– Include letters (both cases), numbers, symbols
• Change passwords at regular intervals
• Don’t write down passwords
• Password reset disk can be used in XP
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Resetting Forgotten Passwords in Windows XP
• Windows XP allows the currently logged-on user to create a password reset disk
– Use if the password is forgotten
– Can access any encrypted files after resetting password
– If an administrator resets your password, you’d lose access to encrypted files
– User Accounts: in Control Panel, select your user account, choose Prevent a Forgotten Password under Related Tasks and follow the wizard
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Disk Maintenance
• When troubleshooting OS, remember basic disk tools– Error-checking– Disk Defragmenter
• Disk Cleanup– Helps clean out junk files
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Maintenance
• Registry maintenance – Registry can get bloated– Older tool from Microsoft named RegClean– Not updated for 2000/XP– Can use third-party tool such as EasyCleaner
by ToniArts
• Security– Spyware/anti-virus/firewall– Integral part of computing today– Covered in more depth in Chapter 23
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Optimizing Windows
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Installing or Removing Software
• Installing software– Most programs are distributed on CD-ROMs that
make use of the Autorun feature– Or you could use the Add/Remove Programs icon in
Control Panel
• Removing software– Use the uninstall option that is part of the program– Or go to Control Panel’s Add/Remove Software
applet
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Add/Remove Programs
Uninstall option
Control Panel
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Windows Components
• Miscellaneous components can be installed or uninstalled
• Access from Add/Remove Programs
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Installing/Optimizing a Device
• Same in 2000 and XP
• Driver Updates– Can use Windows
Updates
– Must use Custom option
– Or check manufacturer Web site
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Driver Signing
• Process of testing and verifying drivers
• Windows Hardware Quality Lab– Tests drivers– Issues digital signatures
• Signed drivers– “Designed for Windows 2000”– “Designed for Windows XP”
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Unsigned Drivers
• Many manufacturers issue drivers that have not been tested & signed by MS– When detected during a hardware install, you’ll get
the message shown– Can choose Driver Signing Options
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Device Manager
• Can roll back faulty driver1. Original driver installed2. Driver updated (with faulty driver)3. Driver can be rolled back to original
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Adding a New Device
• Windows usually automatically detects new devices
• If not, use the Add Hardware Wizard
– From Control Panel
– From Hardware tab of System Properties
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Performance Options
• Performance Options are under the Advanced tab of My Computer Properties
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Resource Tracking
• Core Resources– CPU– Memory– Disk– NIC
• Resource tracking tools– Task Manager– Performance Console
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Task Manager
• To start Task Manager, – Press Ctrl-Shift-Esc or Ctrl-Alt-Del
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Performance Console
• Performance Monitor contains two utilities
– System Monitor snap-in• Track resource use and network throughput• Collect and view real-time data about memory, disk,
processor, network, and other activity in graph, histogram, or report form
– Performance Logs and Alerts snap-in• Collect performance data from local or remote computers• Configure logs to record performance data and set system
alerts to notify you when a value is above or below a defined threshold
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Performance Console
Add counter
Legend
Value bar
– Press Ctrl-H to highlight one set of data
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Objects and Counters
• An object is a system resource
• A counter tracks specific information about the object
• Performance console includes System Monitor – Shows real-time data on objects– Click the + to add counters
for new objects
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Performance Logs and Alerts
• Performance Logs and Alerts allows you to create a baseline or log
– Record of anything that happens on your computer
– Right-click Counter Logs and select New Log Settings
– Give it a name and then make your choices
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Preparing for Problems
• Tools to prepare for problems– System Restore– Backup and Restore Wizard– Automated System Recovery– Emergency Repair Disk– Recovery Console
System
Restore
Backup/ Restore
ASR ERD Recovery Console
2000 Pro No Yes No Yes Yes
XP Home Yes No No No No
XP Pro Yes Yes Yes No Yes
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System Restore
• System Restore enables you to create a restore point
– A copy of your computer’s configuration at a specific point in time
– Does not include data, only system configuration
– To create a restore point• Start | All Programs | Accessories | System Tools |
System Restore
– A new restore point is automatically created whenever you install new software
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System Restore
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Backup and Restore Wizard
• Backup program enables you to back up and restore data and system files– Backup System State Data backs up the Registry
and other key system data
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Backup and Restore Wizard
• Another option– Windows 2000: Emergency Repair Disk (ERD)
• Stores a copy of the Registry in \WINNT\REPAIR
– Windows XP: Automated System Recovery (ASR)• Creates a backup of your system containing the system
partition and disks containing the operating system
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Recovery Console
• Recovery Console offers a command-line interface to help resolve issues such as faulty drivers
• Access Recovery Console– Run Setup, select Repair and then Recovery
Console (lets you run it from the CD)
– Or install to your hard drive and run \i386\winnt32 /cmdcons from your Setup CD
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Troubleshooting Windows
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Failure to Boot
• Common errors
– No Boot device Present– NTLDR Bad or Missing– Invalid Boot.ini
• Your response
1. Attempt to repair2. Attempt to restore3. Rebuild
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Attempt to Repair
• The Recovery Console is a text-mode command interpreter– Separate from the Windows command prompt– Allows you to gain access to the hard disk – Limited access to NTFS and FAT volumes– Requires an Administrator password– Start and stop services, repair the master boot
record and boot sector, format volumes
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Recovery Console Commands
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Attempt to Restore
• For Windows 2000– Use ERD– ERD is available only if ERD disk was created
• For XP use ASR– ASR Recovery is available only if ASR backup
was created– Consider ASR a last resort– Restores to ASR backup point
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Rebuild
• Try to back up or recover data first
• Recover CDs or recovery partitions restore system to factory state– All data is lost
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Failure to Load GUI
• Device driver problems– Windows Stop Error– Blue Screen of Death (BSoD)
Remove the device and reboot
• Registry– BSOD with “Registry File Failure”– “Windows could not start”
Restore the Registry (Last Known Good) and reboot
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Advanced Startup Options
• Press F8 after POST to launch Advanced Startup Options – Safe Modes– Enable Boot Logging– Enable VGA Mode– Last Known Good Configuration– Directory Services Restore Mode (Server only)– Debugging Mode– Boot Normally (to abort advanced boot options)
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Advanced Startup Options
– Safe Mode• Basic files and drivers are loaded
with no network • Can access Device Manager and
restore points in Safe Mode• Often works in response to BSoD
– Safe Mode with Networking• Networking capabilities added
– Safe Mode with Command Prompt
• Command prompt only
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Advanced Startup Options
• Enable Boot Logging– ntbtlog.txt is located in the windir folder (C:\winnt)
• Enable VGA Mode– Load driver in standard VGA mode– Allows correction of settings (refresh/resolution)
• Directory Services Restore Mode– Domain controllers only
• Debugging Mode – Rarely used
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Advanced Startup Options
• Use Last Known Good– If you install a new device driver, and Microsoft
Windows 2000 restarts but the system stops responding
– If you accidentally disable a critical device driver
• Don’t use Last Known Good– When the problem isn’t related to Windows 2000
configuration changes– After you log on– When startup failures relate to hardware failures or
missing or corrupted files
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Troubleshooting Tools in the GUI
• Once in the GUI, can use any tools we’ve discussed or will discuss
• Event Viewer
• Device Manager
• More
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Autoloading Programs
• MSConfig – Can set which programs and servers automatically
start or don’t– Very effective when combating Spyware
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Services and System Files
• Services– If critical services does not
start, Windows will give error– Common error:
Service set to manual instead of automatic
• System Files– DLLs– Protected with System File Checker (SFC)– SFC /SCANNOW will verify they are healthy
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