Mainstreaming DRR into Development n Recovery: Experience sharing
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Mainstreaming DRR into Development & Recovery: Experience sharing BSDMA, Patna; 2 December 2015 Sudhir Kumar DRR and Recovery Specialist
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Transcript of Mainstreaming DRR into Development n Recovery: Experience sharing
Mainstreaming DRR into Development & Recovery:Experience sharingBSDMA, Patna; 2 December 2015
Sudhir KumarDRR and Recovery Specialist
Chennai Foods Nov 2015•246.5 mm rains in 24 hrs•169 deaths•Rs. 8481 cr. damage--------------
Phailin Cyclone Oct 2013•220 kms/hr wind speed •44 deaths•Rs. 8902 cr damage & loss----------------
• 452.4 mm rain in Nov 1976 • 650 to 27 water bodies• Phoenix mall sits on a
lake-bed in Velachery.
Orissa Super Cyclone of 1999 led to app.10,000 deaths
Source: DNA Source: CNN
Management improved
Risk remained
Global discourse
Yokohama Strategy 1994
UNISDR formed, 2000
Relief Act
DRR through CCA, 4AMCDRR,
2010 SFDRR
GAR (Report)
Regional Framework and National DM Acts
HFA 2005-15
1990 1999 2006 2011 2015
1st World Climate Conf. 1979
IPCC formed, 1988
Rio Earth Summit, 1992
GEF, UNFCC, 1994
4th Assessment Report, IPCC, 2007
SREX, IPCC, 2012
Kyoto Protocol, 1997
SDGAdaptation Fund, 2007
Climate, Disaster and Development
Modified and Adapted from IPCC SREX, 2012
Geological Hazards
Mainstreaming• Integration?• Institutionalization?
• A ‘process’… to make it a ‘normal process’
• Not an one off exercise… but rather continuous
• Not an end in itself… rather a strategic approach
9
Main stream
Side stream
Approach
Step 1•Understand the elements of development planning
Step 3
•By superimposing the DRR and CCA framework on the Development planning framework identify
– Policy/Strategy– Plan– Projects– Budgeting– M&E
Step 2•Understand the elements of DRR and CCA framework
Development Planning Framework, Philippines
Budgeting
Project Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation
Project Evaluation & Development
Vision
Investment Program
Planning Environment
Land Use & Physical Framework
Physical Resources/ Transport
Economic Activity
Population
Income & Services
Development Issues, Goals, Objectives/Targets
Strategies and PPAs
Source: NEDA, Philippines
Mainstreaming Framework, Philippines
Budgeting
Project Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation
Project Evaluation & Development
Vision
Investment Program
Planning Environment
Land Use & Physical Framework
Physical Resources/ Transport
Economic Activity
Population
Income & Services
Development Issues, Goals, Objectives/Targets
Strategies and PPAs
Risk Estimation
Risk Evaluation
Hazard Characterization/ Frequency Analysis
Consequence Analysis
Disaster Risk Assessment Development Planning
Source: NEDA, Philippines
Case study: Nepal
Source: Google.com
Background• One of the 20 most hazard-prone
countries in the world• Entire country lies in a high earthquake
intensity belt and ranks 11th in the world in terms of vulnerability
• Highly prone to floods and between1971-2008, more than 2500 floods cases reported
• Drought, Landslides, Epidemic, Fires, etc
• Consistent warming and rise in the Max temp of 0.04- 0.06C/ yr observed
Source : Oxfam , Nepal
Approach
Understand Risk: Hazard Assessment • Earthquake ( 500 years, 250 years, 100
years & 50 years return Period) • Floods (Inundation for 500 years, 100
years, 50 years, 25 years and 10 years Return Period)
• Landslide (Precipitation and earthquake induced landslides)
• Drought (Pre, during, post Monsoon and Winter)
• Epidemics (Diseases and Outbreak)
Understand Risk: Climate Data Portal
• Analysis of climatological / meteorological, geographical and projection data
• Easy accessing historical station data, • Projected future climate change
scenarios for: Assessing impacts and
vulnerability in climate sensitive sectors such as agriculture, water resources, energy, health, etc.
DRR/CCA inclusion in Priority Ministry
• National Planning Commission• Ministry of Home Affairs• Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development• Ministry of Urban Development• Ministry of Irrigation• Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment• Ministry of Education • 3 Pilot districts in 3 regions of Nepal
Ministry of Irrigation
DRR in Local Development Planning
District Development Planning Steps
Activities under the Planning Step
DRR/CCA Considerations
District Development Committee (Pre-planning workshop
• The DDC inform all key district level stakeholders about policies, objectives, programmes, as well as resources, activities of the Sectoral ministries, and the amount that can be budgeted for each VDC.
• How to fill out project request forms for the settlement level is taught.
• Policy statement discussion and dissemination should include DRM/CRM issues
• The impact of recent disaster on different sectors and vulnerable groups in recent past especially in the district should be discussed
• Directives to VDC and Municipalities to include DRM/CRM considerations in ‘Project Request Form’
Capacity building
NASC: National Administrative Staff College ; LDTA: Local Development Training Academy; BTR&TC: Building Technology Research and Training Center; CTE&VT: Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training; APFTC: Armed Police Force Training Center
Initial success
• LDTA adapted training into local context and implementing
• Latrine design revised in a few districts under reducing Open defecation program
• Box bridge design revised to allow unhindered flow of water
Myanmar
Source : ASEAN Sec
Hazards in Myanmar
• Coastal regions are exposed to cyclones, storm surges and tsunamis.
• Rainfall-induced flooding: A recurring phenomenon across the country.
• Whole country at risk from earthquakes, droughts and fires
• Hilly regions exposed to landslide risks• Rainy days has reduced significantly in
last few decades • In 2008, Cyclone Nargis led to death/
(missing) of more than 120,00 people• Huge floods in mid-2015 in central
Myanmar
Approach
Mainstreaming
Key intervention: DRR/CCA Mainstreaming
• National Course on Mainstreaming DRR/CCA steered by Planning Dept and Relief and Resettlement Dept
• Included into existing planning training programs
• DRR &CCA chapter/section in the 20-Year Development Plan (draft)
• Risk consideration inclusion into provincial Development Planning on pilot basis
• Capacity building on DRM &CRM inclusion at sub-national levels (Townships)
Initial success
• Training course on Development Planning includes session on DRR mainstreaming
• Selected schools in lower Myanmar raised foundation to avoid floods
Gujarat Earthquake Recovery
Source: GSDMA
Background : Gujarat Earthquake 2001
….that too in the wake of two consecutive years of drought.
• One of the worst earthquakes in the history of Gujarat
• Over 1 crore people affected
• 13,805 lives lost and 167,000 persons injured
• More than 10 lakh houses damaged or destroyed
Steps involved in Housing Reconstruction
Damage Assessment3-member team, 5 categories [G-1 to G-5]
Rubble RemovalIndividual/Contractor ; Guideline for Debris Disposal
Temporary/Intermediate Shelter
Repair/Reconstruction of Houses Rubble RemovalOwner-driven/Public-private partnership
Housing Reconstruction• Owner driven: led by owner • PPP: Model for engagement of NGOs• Multi-hazard reconstruction • 20 model houses with seismic features • Material assistance provided through Material
banks• Insurance for 10 years• Masons and Engineering training• Masons Certification program• Financial assistance in 3 installment to ensure
quality • 3 party audit process
Urban Reconstruction
1367
460
988
987
1174
1108
1197
1170
1171
1364
79
7877
76
75
72
7170 69
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1368
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2160
21591469
14681467
1466
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1405 1404
1492
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2088
21022095
2016
2019
2090
2092
2106210521042103
2076
20752080
2079
2116
20842108 2107
2185
2073
2081
2114
2131
2138
2179
2083
2082
2067
2070
2068
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20662142
21412131
21432063
2064
2071
2015
14261417
1425
1423
1424
1448
1430
14301443
1443
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14481445
1450
1455
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717
29
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1270
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1224
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1222
1259
1258
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1231
12261225
10891090
1091
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1092
1219
1217
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1255
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1094
1213
121212101209
125 1208
1207
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1343
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134113401342
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1413
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14121411
1410
141
6
14151414
1438 1437
1417
1426
PLACE OFPIR
2392
770
777
778
20622149
2150
2151
2174
2061
233423352336
2331
2301
2311
2325
2327
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780
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847
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19041909
1995
19061915
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2918
1916 1910
1503
1504
1502
2050
2053
2051
2059
2058
CHOWKGHODAR
SONI VAD SHERIJETHI
SEJWALAMATAM
LEGEND
1367
460
988
987
1174
1108
1197
1170
1171
1364
79
78 77
76
75
72
71 70 69
66
1368
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1320
11959492
13291328
1327
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141
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1312
1312
139
136
138
137
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109
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108107
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112
135132
113
106
86
87
88
98
1389
1381
92
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82
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1359
1358
947
934
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149
158
144
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157
2272
162
161
163
164
168
169
3.30
939
170
171
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144
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177
178183184
182
181
180
238
938
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400399
179
237
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239
253
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395
402
404
394
254
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152
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2322
2113
215821512160
21591469
14681467
1466
1497
1496
1405 1404
1492
1493
2088
21022095
2016
2019
2090
2092
2106210521042103
2076
20752080
2079
2116
20842108 2107
2185
2073
2081
2114
2131
2138
2179
2083
2082
2067
2070
2068
2069
20662142
21412131
21432063 2064
2071
2015
14261417
1425
1423
1424
1448
1430
14301443 1443
1446
1447
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1455
1460
1460
1451
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1032
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29
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1272 1271
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12211220
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1222
1259
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12571230
1231
12261225
10891090
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1042
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1043
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1094
1213
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125 1208
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1206
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1343
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1440
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13361334
1413
1407
1406 14081409
14121411
1410
1416
14151414
1438 1437
1417
1426
PLAC E OFPIR
2392
770
777
778
20622149
2150
2151
2174
2061
233423352336
2331
2301
2311
2325
2327
2330
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1132
1133
890
1150
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114711481151
1003
1005
867
1000
1001
1002
1004
1007
1008869
870
871
878
890
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877
879
884
883
887
886996
891
892
893
885
882 881
910
902
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915
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911
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936
184
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1135
1456
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2126
2065
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2077
774
776746
875
757
2290
812
809
808
845
1022
866
868
2060
1504
1505 1514
1903
1902
1908
19041909
1995
19061915
1919
1922
2918
19161910
1503
1504
1502
2050
2053
2051
2059
2058
CHOWKGHODAR
SONI VAD SHERIJETHI
SEJWALAMATAM
LEGEND
Before Town Planning Scheme
Bhuj, Gujarat, India
• In-situ or relocation •Implementation of Town and Development Plan
Success
• Considered to be a model recovery and reconstruction program and was awarded UN Sasakawa Award
• Masons certification program integrated into development phase
Take away
• Mainstreaming DRR is challenging and a long-haul intervention
• DRR Agency is only a facilitator while Planning, Finance, Public works, Education, Heath, etc. to lead
• Convergence of DRR, CCA and Development • Risk information of usable scale is important• National/Sub-national training institutions
key for sustainability• Demand driven DRR to complement supply-
driven DRR
