Lessons from America
description
Transcript of Lessons from America
Lessons from AmericaA success story in high school physics education.Presented by Barbara McKinnon, JMSS
1. What is Modeling Instruction?
2. What is successful about Modeling Instruction?
3. What are the implications for the Australian curriculum?
Modeling Mechanics Curriculum
• Scientific Thinking• Constant Velocity• Constant Acceleration• Force causing change in velocity• Force as an interaction• Force diagrams and net force• Relationship between force and acceleration• Friction• 2D motion• Energy (storage and transfer via working, heating, radiating)• Circular motion• Impulsive forces (conservation of linear momentum)
Mechanics Modeling Workshops
90 hours of professional development consisting of• intensive immersion in the
mechanics modeling curriculum and pedagogy
• discussion of research literature
• building connections with the modeling teaching community
- Traditional instruction does not effectively address misconceptions
- For many students, traditional instruction is not successful in teaching conceptual understanding or scientific reasoning
Why is a new pedagogy needed?
What is modeling?Students actively engaged in
1.construction of a phenomenological model based upon their own observation and experimentation
2.deployment of the model in problem solving and testing
3.model breaking
What the students say about modeling
Essential Tools1. Multiple representations
2. Small whiteboards to facilitate presentation of ideas
3. Socratic questioning
OutcomesEffective scientific reasoners who have advanced problem solving skills.
How is this measured?
1. Performance on conceptual assessment instruments such as Force Concept Inventory
2. Results on conventional statewide tests.3. Retention of students in Science
Hestenes, D. 2000 Findings of the modeling workshop project (1994 – 2000). Final report submitted to the National Science Foundation
10000 students170 teachers
Hake, R. 1998 Interactive-engagement versus traditional methods: a six thousand student survey of mechanics test data for introductory physics courses. Am. J. Phys. 66(1) 64-71.
Hake, R. 1998 Interactive-engagement versus traditional methods: a six thousand student survey of mechanics test data for introductory physics courses. Am. J. Phys. 66(1) 64-71.
Is modeling only for Physics?
Modeling curricula have been written for• Chemistry• Biology• Humanities – English and History
Modeling is about creating multiple connections between the physical system and mental model.
Symbolic Representations
Physical System
Mental Model
Verbal
Algebraic
Diagrammatic
Graphical
Points to consider Modeling takes more time, can’t cover as
much curriculum.
The Physics First experience:• Students in Year 9 spend a year doing Physics using
modeling• Improves outcomes in Chemistry and Biology • Increases retention in Science
Don’t have to teach everything using modeling for procedural benefit to be retained.
Outcomes in the USAUsing a modeling approach find that
• Students are engaged• Students improve their reasoning through communication
of their scientific thinking and by debating with peers.• Students achieve a deeper conceptual understanding and
become better problem solvers• Students increase their learner confidence by building
their own conceptual framework.• Both girls and boys respond well to approach.
Modeling instruction is a demonstration of the power of teaching informed by education research.
• Modeling has been found to be most successfully delivered when teacher has attended a three week workshop.
• Whiteboard discussions best suited to groups of 15-24
The essence of modeling
Recommended reading: Etkina, Warren and Gentile “The Role of models in Physics Instruction” The Physics Teacher 44 2006 pp34-39
1. Models are simplifications of an object or process2. Models can be descriptive or explanatory3. A model must have predictive power4. The predictive power of the model has limitations
My goals
• Implement modeling fundamentals in teaching practice
• Evaluate teaching of mechanics in Physics at JMSS using the Force Concept Inventory
• Learn more about the application of the modeling method to other areas of Physics and the other sciences.
• Build a modeling community in Australia
Other Australian modelers
• George Przywolnik School Curriculum and Standards Authority WA
STA John de Laeter medal winner 2007
• Kenneth Silburn Head of Science, Casula HS, NSW
National Award for Teaching: Excellence in Teacher Leadership (2009)Australian Academy of Science Teaching Award (2010)Prime Minister’s Commendation for Excellence in Science Teaching (2010).
Where to find out more about modeling:• American Modeling Teachers’ Association
http://modelinginstruction.org/• Mark Schober “What is Modeling”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDgulnEVE10&feature=related
• Mark Schober’s webpage http://modelingphysics.org/• Arizona State University Modeling website:
http://modeling.asu.edu/modeling-HS.html• Success stories from teaching Physics using modeling
to American 9th graders http://home.comcast.net/~physicsfirst/site/
Barbara McKinnon would like to acknowledge • the generosity of her school, the John Monash
Science School in awarding her the first JMSS staff fellowship,
• Boeing for subsidising the cost of the accommodation during the three week workshop, and
• the American Modeling Teachers’ Association for allowing her to participate in the workshop.