LESSON 20 TEACHER’S GUIDE The Remarkable Romans · PDF fileLESSON 20 TEACHER’S...

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L E S S O N 2 0 T E A C H E R ’ S G U I D E

The Remarkable Romansby Amy S. Jones

Fountas-Pinnell Level YInformational TextSelection SummaryThe ancient Romans created an incredible number of innovations. The most famous piece of Roman architecture is the Colosseum. Its unique design features over 80 doorways. The democracy of the United States is based on ancient Roman government. The people of ancient Rome infl uenced the lives of people around the world.

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

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Characteristics of the Text Genre • Informational text

Text Structure • Third-person narrative with some direct address to the reader • Introduction and glossary

Content • Inventions of ancient Romans • Why and how Romans developed innovations• Culture and customs of ancient Romans

Themes and Ideas • The modern world benefi ts from ancient Roman innovations.• Roman culture and customs are revered in modern times.• Our form of democracy is based on the Roman model.

Language and Literary Features

• Conversational language• Setting distant in time and space from students’ experiences• Interesting fast facts in sidebars and many details in text

Sentence Complexity • Many short sentences• Multiple facts and details presented in a series of simple sentences• Dashes and exclamations

Vocabulary • Many adjectives, some of which might not be familiar, such as opulent and luxuriousWords • Multisyllable words: directions, radiated, encourage

Illustrations • Color photographs with captionsBook and Print Features • Sixteen pages of text with large photographs on most pages

© 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

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Target Vocabulary

dormant – inactive, p. 9imprints – marks, p. 6 luxurious –very high quality, p.

10meager – small, p. 7

opulent – fancy, p. 10outlying – far from center, p. 5salvage – fi nd, p. 6

subjected – to put yourself through something unpleasant, p. 10

tremors – shaking, p. 13unaffected – not bothered, p. 16

The Remarkable Romans by Amy S. Jones

Build BackgroundHelp students use their knowledge of ancient times to visualize the selection. Build interest by asking a question such as the following: What modern conveniences, (for example, running water), are you most thankful for? Read the title and author and talk about the cover photo. Note the introduction, chapter heads, and glossary. Tell students that this selection is informational text, so it gives facts and examples about a topic.

Introduce the TextGuide students through the text, noting important ideas, and helping with unfamiliar language and vocabulary so they can read the text successfully. Here are some suggestions:

Page 3: Read aloud the caption above the photo. Explain that Romans built arches out of stone or brick to hold up bridges. Suggested language: The introduction gives an overview, or general idea, of what the book is about. The photo shows one example of Roman design. What shape is this bridge? Is it straight or curved? Do you think a curved arch is stronger than a straight edge? Why or why not?

Page 4: Read the caption above the illustration. Ask: Does the illustration support the idea of the caption? Why or why not?

Page 9: Read the caption under the photo. Make sure students understand the term aqueduct. Ask students to locate where water fl ows through. Tell students aqueducts are still used today.

Pages 10–11: Explain that Romans did not have bathtubs in their homes. Instead, they paid to use opulent, fancy, bath houses. There, they took long, luxurious baths in a series of bathhouses, where they were subjected to colder and colder water in each bath. Ask students whether the bath on page 11 is fi lled with hot or cold water. How can they tell?

Now turn back to the beginning of the selection to read facts and examples of the contributions of the ancient Romans.

2 Lesson 20: The Remarkable RomansGrade 6© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company


ReadHave students read silently while you listen to individual students read aloud. Support their understanding of the text as needed.

Remind students to use the Visualize Strategy and to use text details to form pictures in their minds as they read.

Discuss and Revisit the TextPersonal ResponseInvite students to share their personal responses to the selection. Suggested language: By looking at photographs of the ruins in ancient Rome, what clues can you pick up about the lives of people who once lived there?

Ways of ThinkingAs you discuss the text, help students understand these points:

Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text

• Ancient Romans made contributions in architecture, engineering, art, literature, government, and law.

• Many Roman ideas and innovations are still used around the world.

• We can learn about ancient Romans by studying the ruins of their buildings.

• It is possible to apply Roman principles to modern art and architecture.

• If Ben Franklin had not read about ancient Rome, our democracy might not exist.

• The introduction gives a quick overview of what the book is about.

• The chapter headings give a preview of the contents of each chapter.

• The glossary makes it easy to look up unfamiliar terms.

© 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

Choices for Further Support• Fluency Invite students to choral read a passage from the text and demonstrate

pausing and phrasing during reading. Remind students to pause after punctuation by taking short breaths after commas and stopping after periods and question marks.

• Comprehension Based on your observations of the students’ reading and discussion, revisit parts of the text to clarify or extend comprehension. Remind students to go back to the text to support their ideas.

• Phonics/Word Work Provide practice as needed with words and word parts, using examples from the text. Remind students that the prefi x un- means “not.” For example, the word unaffected on page 16 means “not affected.” Many other words use this prefi x, including unpopular, unseemly, uninteresting, unfurled, and unfulfi lled.



Writing about ReadingCritical ThinkingHave students complete the Critical Thinking questions on BLM 20.8.

RespondingHave students complete the activities at the back of the book, using their Reader’s Notebook. Use the instruction below as needed to reinforce or extend understanding of the comprehension skill.

Target Comprehension SkillMain Ideas and Details

Target Comprehension Skill Remind students that they can learn about a topic

by identifying important ideas and supporting details. Model how to add details to the Graphic Organizer, using a “Think Aloud” like the one below:

Think Aloud

The main idea of this book is that the achievements of the ancient Romans are still evident today. On page 4, we learn that Romans built a network of roads and rest stops. We have these today. On page 8, we read how they built aqueducts. We have similar aqueducts in our cities. On page 12, we learn that Romans invented concrete. There would be no modern buildings and roads without concrete.

Practice the SkillHave students share an example of another selection in which main ideas and details are used to show how achievements from an old culture are used in modern times.

Writing Prompt: Thinking Beyond the TextHave students write a response to the prompt on page 6. Remind them that when they think beyond the text, they use their personal knowledge to reach new understandings.

Assessment Prompts• One idea present in this selection is that __________________________.

• Choose several words from Chapter 4 that best describe the contributions of ancient Romans.

• The author’s point of view on the ancient Romans is __________________________.



Critical ThinkingRead and answer the questions.

1. Think within the text Why did Romans fi rst build roads?

2. Think within the text What is an aqueduct?

3. Think beyond the text Why do you think the Roman Empire has

had such a great infl uence on modern cultures? Use text details to

support your answer.

4. Think about the text Compare the U.S. government and Roman

government. What similarities do you see between the two

governments?

Making Connections What part of Roman culture do you think is most interesting? Which part would you have most liked to experience for yourself? Explain your answer.

Write your answer in your Reader’s Notebook.

Name Date

Critical Thinking© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Lesson 20B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 2 0 . 8

The Remarkable RomansCritical Thinking

Grade 6, Unit 4: Treasures of the Ancient World10

Romans built roads so the military could use them for traveling.

a large pipe or channel that carries water long distances to homes

and cities

The Roman Empire had a great in� uence on modern cultures

because they were among the � rst to incorporate inventions that

we use each day. Sewer systems, complex road systems, and

even sporting events can be directly traced back to the Romans.

Both have three branches, a balance of power, and elected

representatives.

Possible responses shown.

20.08_6_246260RNLEAN_Crtl Thk.in10 10 12/17/09 7:42:40 AM

First Pass

English Language DevelopmentReading Support Make sure the text matches the student’s reading level. Language and content should be accessible with regular teaching support. Remind them that most countries today have been affected by Roman culture.

Idioms The text includes many idioms that might be unfamiliar. Explain the meaning of expressions such as had a downside (p. 7) and stands as a monument (p. 13).

Oral Language DevelopmentCheck student comprehension, using a dialogue that best matches your students’ English profi ciency. Speaker 1 is the teacher, Speaker 2 is the student.

Beginning/Early Intermediate Intermediate Early Advanced/ Advanced

Speaker 1: What city was the center of the Roman empire?

Speaker 2: Rome

Speaker 1: What did Romans invent to carry water?

Speaker 2: aqueducts

Speaker 1: What did the Romans build to help them control outlying provinces?

Speaker 2: roads

Speaker 1: Where did ancient Romans take baths?

Speaker 2: They bathed in fancy public bathhouses.

Speaker 1: What material did Romans invent to make their buildings and bridges strong?

Speaker 2: They invented concrete.

Speaker 1: Why should we think of ancient Rome when we vote in an election?

Speaker 2: The democracy of the United States is patterned after the representative democracy of ancient Rome.



Name Date

The Remarkable RomansThinking Beyond the Text

Think about the questions below. Then write your answer in two paragraphs.

Remember that when you think beyond the text, you use your personal knowledge to reach new understandings.

On page 3, the author states that there are signs of Roman culture all around us. What does this mean? What are some of those “signs” that you encounter in your daily life? Explain how your life is easier because of the achievements of the ancient Romans. Use details from the text to support your answer.


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Name Date Lesson 20

B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 2 0 . 8

The Remarkable RomansCritical ThinkingCritical Thinking

Read and answer the questions.

1. Think within the text Why did Romans fi rst build roads?

2. Think within the text What is an aqueduct?

3. Think beyond the text Why do you think the Roman Empire has

had such a great infl uence on modern cultures? Use text details to

support your answer.

4. Think about the text Compare the U.S. government and Roman

government. What similarities do you see between the two

governments?

Making Connections What part of Roman culture do you think is most interesting? Which part would you have most liked to experience for yourself? Explain your answer.

Write your answer in your Reader’s Notebook.



1414

517

Student Date Lesson 20

B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 2 0 . 1 2

The Remarkable Romans LEVEL Y

The Remarkable RomansRunning Record Form


Behavior Code Error

Read word correctly ✓cat 0

Repeated word, sentence, or phrase

®cat

0

Omission —cat 1

Behavior Code Error

Substitution cutcat 1

Self-corrects cut sccat 0

Insertion the

ˆcat 1

Word told Tcat 1

page Selection Text Errors Self-Corrections

14 In ancient Rome, a forum was an outdoor marketplace where

people bought and sold goods. It was a place to gather with

friends and exchange news and gossip. It was where emperors

showcased their finest buildings. Rome had several forums in

different places around the city.

The most famous of these is the Roman Forum. It was located

at the very center of ancient Rome. It served as the main

headquarters of Roman commerce – and also politics and

public debate. It was a busy, bustling place.

Comments: Accuracy Rate (# words read

correctly/86 × 100)

%

Total Self- Corrections

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